Make It Tea

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:20:12 +0000

←3rd Party Firmware

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

A 3rd Party Firmware for the DM15 family of calculators

Overview of LF15C

Full development history in HP Forum thread New firmware for the Swissmicros DM15L

LF15C is written by HP Museum Forum member jebedeo
It is a replacement firmware for the Swiss Micros DM15C & DM15L calculators.
- also runs on the original DM15 credit card version no longer in production
It is not an emulation or an exact simulation of the HP15C
It runs directly on the hardware without an emulation layer.
It is very much faster than the stock firmware
It has full-time complex number support
- including display of the full real & imaginary parts on the LCD together 3.345 +22.356 i
It has a 4-level stack with full-time 2-level display of X and Y
All the main HP15C functions are included with the exception of Matrix support

Installing LF15C

DM15L running V32 or earlier (Linux)

sudo lpc21isp LF15C_250408.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
Press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start new firmware

DM15L running V33 or later (Linux)

This behaviour isn't consistent!

I've seen it be possible to flash and run LF15C directly after DM15 V34 with no problems.

I've also seen the problems described below, requiring downgrade to V32.

Just bear it in mind if you have problems starting LF15C after flashing it on top of V33-onwards

The new Swiss Micros firmware V33 changes the behaviour of the bootloader, and it appears to be impossible to flash 3rd party firmware when the calculator is running V33 or later.

The firmware appears to flash correctly, but on reset it will not start

The solution is to downgrade to V32 first, and then install LF15C

sudo lpc21isp DM15_M1B_32.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start V32 firmware
sudo lpc21isp LF15C_250408.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start new LF15C firmware

For installation using Windows

The Swiss Micros Voyager Update Tool will work to install LF15C
- Do not use the new Web Update tool
The same caveats regarding installation after using the Swiss Micros V33 apply
- First downgrade to V32
- Then flash with LF15C
You need to use the hidden reset button in all cases.

Files

Download from here

Latest LF15C firmware	lf15c_250408.hex
V32 firmware	dm15_m1b_32.hex
Swiss Micros Voyager Windows Update Tool	voyage_firmware_tool.zip

Download from HP Forum & Swiss Micros

The Firmware files are available from the HP Forum Thread for this firmware - at the foot of Post #1
- the version attached to Post #1 is always the latest available.
At present (Jan '26) there is also a beta version which is being used to test various compiler optimizations, and is buggy and best avoided.

Swiss Micros
- V32 Firmware DM15_M1B_32.hex
- Voyager Update Tool Voyager Firmware Update Tool

LF15C General Info

Full time complex stack shows real & imaginary parts together as e.g. Rectangular: 3.45 +4.34 i or Polar: 5.5442 ∠51.5177
maximum number range approx. ±1.797 x 10³⁰⁸
- largest integer factorial 170fx! = 7.2574 E306
smallest positive number approx. 1.00 10^-323 before 0 is returned
Precision 15 decimal places

π displays as 3.14159265358979
e displays as 2.71828182845905

Fingerprinting - see Fingerprinting

9SINCOSTANATANACOSASIN9-

-1.6584 x10 ^-10

User Programs can be saved/loaded via USB Serial port using a terminal emulator such as Putty

LF15C uses binary floating point representation, rather than the more common BCD.
- This improves the speed but introduces occasional small rounding errors

Example (Click to view)

HP15C functions

Fix / Sci / Eng display formats
√x / x²
e^x / Ln
10^x / Log
y^x / %
1/x / Δ%
Sin / ASin
Cos / ACos
Tan / ATan
Hyperbolics of Sin/Cos/Tan
CHS / ABS
EEX / π
Deg / Rad / Grad Angle Mode
→H.ms / →H Conversions
→Rad / →Deg Conversions
X!
- integer, non-integer, negative and complex support
Statistics
- Σ+ two variable accumulation
- mean
- standard deviation
- Linear Regression
  - slope / intercept
  - ŷ estimation / r correlation coefficient
Combinations / Permutations
Usual 4 level stack manipulations
- Last x
- Roll Down ↓
- Roll Up ↑
- Swap x ↔ y
- Swap x ↔ any Storage Register
100 storage registers (numbered 00-99)
- capable of saving Complex Numbers
Indirect Register pair I / (i)
Indirect Program Label / Line number addressing via Register I
Random Number Generator
Rounding
Fractional / Integer
Usual Keystroke Programming features
- SST/BST
- LBL
  - LBL A - E
  - LBL 00 - 99
- DSE / ISG
  - including usual loop control indexing
- Logical tests
- Branching
  - GTO
  - GSB
  - RTN
- PSE
- R/S
SF / CF / FS?
- 10 user flags for program control
Solver
- can be used via a program
Numerical Integration
- variable precision via display digit format
- can be used via a program
quick clear of
- Statistical data
- Individual Program
- All stored Programs
- Storage Registers (0-99, I and (i))
Full digit mantissa preview

HP15C features not supported

Matrix functions
User Mode
Memory management
- partitioning between Storage Registers and Program Space is not required or supported

DM15L features not supported

Real Time clock
Switchable 1-line display option (V33 feature)
CPU speed switching
Display Font options
Adjustable LCD contrast
Various self-tests
Conversions & Constants (V33 feature)

Speed tests

Very much faster than stock DM15L firmware … see Benchmarking

n-Queens

Calculator	Firmware	Time
DM15L	V34	202 seconds
DM42	3.23	7.30 seconds
DM15L*	LF15C 250408	0.992 seconds

Savage

Calculator	Firmware	Time
DM15L	V34	247 seconds
DM42	3.23	14.9 seconds
DM15L*	LF15C 250408	4.008 seconds

Using LF15C

Complex Numbers

The stack is permanently in complex mode and operates slightly differently to the stock HP15C

Making & manipulating a complex number

Press f I in normal mode to create & destroy a complex number from ⇔ to y and x on the stack.

Example (click to view)

Make a pure imaginary number by using fRe<>Im

Example (Click to view)

Rectangular and Polar modes for complex numbers

f →R and g→P do NOT to convert x and y stack levels between Rect and Polar values as in the HP15C
→R and →P are Mode Switching commands for the whole complex stack.
When in Polar mode ALL Complex numbers on the stack are in Magnitude / Angle format.
- The angle format can be Deg or Rad as appropriate

Example (click to view)

Arithmetic can be done in Rectangular or Polar mode.

Mode can be switched at any time - perhaps switching to Rectangular to enter a Rectangular format number, when working in Polar, and then switching back to Polar once it's been entered on the stack..
Intermediate calculations can be done whatever mode is current.
- this is unlike the HP15C, where complex arithmetic has to be done in Rectangular format - and Polar format numbers must be converted → R first.
To confirm the mode in use an annunciator P is always present when in Polar.
- No P means Rectangular mode is active.

Example (click to view)

Other features

Indirect addressing

Similar features to the standard HP15C, with differences due to increased Program Label numbers

Indirect Register pair I & (i)

Indirect Register pair I and (i) work in the usual way

Example (click to view)

Indirect Program Label addressing

As in the HP15C you can also indirectly address Program Labels using the contents of the I register to point to the label required.

The HP15C allowed 20 numerical Program Labels 0 - .9 which meant indirect addressing for Labels A - E was done by reference to 20 - 24 in Register I

LF15C has 100 numerical Program Labels so….

Store 00 - 99 in I to address numerical Program Labels 00 - 99

Store 100 - 104 I to address Program Labels A - E

Using GTO I or GSB I in a program will lead to a jump to the Program Label referred to by contents of Register I.

Changing Register I's contents (e.g. within a program) can then cause the execution of program to branch in different ways - this can be a very powerful mechanism!

Example (click to view)

Store 100 (for LBL A) in the indirect Register I

100STOI

Use the value stored in I as a Label indirectly by calling it from within a program.

LBL A is a small program to do a simple calculation (area of circle from radius held in x)

LBL B, which has the single command GTO I

Running LBL B fB actually runs the program in LBL A : GTO I is interpreted as GTO A.

LBL A
X^2
PI
*
RTN

LBL B
GTO I
RTN

Changing the contents of Register I will change where LBL B points to.

This allows you to make decisions and branches to different code communicated via the indirect register.

Storing 101 in Reg I and then running LBL B has the effect of an endless loop….. LBL B calls itself (indirectly via I=101)

Use R/S to interrupt the endless loop!

Using GTO I in LBL B means execution passes to LBL A and does not return to LBL B on completion.

Using GSB I in LBL B instead of GTO means that after running LBL A (via indirection) execution returns to LBL B and continues….

Indirect Program Line Number Addressing

Similar to the above, if the Indirect Register I contains a NEGATIVE number then a call to GTO I or GSB I will cause a branch to the absoloute Line Number referred to in I.

Example (Click to view)

0 Empty
1 LBL A
2 GTO I
5 RTN
6 LBL 88
8 X^2
9 PI
10 *
11 RTN
12 Empty

Storing 88 in Register I would make Program A branch to the Label 88 (line 6)

Storing -9 in Register I (9 CHS STO I) would make Program A branch to PI (at line 9) and bypass the X² instruction.

Line numbering isn't straightforward, as each instruction may use one or two line numbers depending on the instruction itself, so you have to be careful about which line you need to address.

And the rest

100 Storage Registers 00 - 99 are capable of storing Complex Numbers

Factorial / Gamma x! works on integer (positive), non-integer (positive and negative) and complex numbers

Program Mode shows human-readable text rather than HP15C op-codes
- 2-line display of Program being edited

Selection of logical tests can be done in usual HP15C fashion with TEST 0 - TEST 9
- Test can also be selected from a scrolling list of options after initially pressing gTEST with the choice being made via soft-keys & LCD Prompts

To run a program with a numeric label (i.e. other than LBL A → LBL E) press f LBL ##
- e.g. f LBL 88
- this is different than on the original HP15C where to run a label you used GSB##

In program mode, f CLEAR PREFIX places the runTime opCode in the program. runTime writes to x the program execution time once it's executed.

Deleting User Programs
- Delete a single program : f CLEAR PRGM followed by a label
- Delete ALL programs : f and long press CLEAR PRGM

FIX/SCI/ENG don't round numbers unless gRND is pressed.

fENGnn sets the number of significant digits as requested, UNLIKE the original HP15C where fENGn sets the significant digits to n + 1

There are 10 user flags, from 0 to 9.
- There are no LCD annunciators to show state, but flags can be set, cleared and tested for decision making in program branching

Long press GTO in program mode to access go to label feature (single press in run mode)
Long press GSB in program mode to access go to line number feature (single press in run mode)

When running a program step by step, a long press on SST doesn’t execute the current step.

Unused Keys
- f USER, gMEM, fDIM, fMATRIX and fRESULT are not implemented and don't do anything at the moment.

LF15C Serial Port Info

Serial Port dump info : https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046-post-194697.html#pid194697
Serial Port settings
- Rate : 57600
- Data : 8 bit
- Stop : 1 bit
- Parity : None
- Flow Control : None

ALWAYS INCLUDE AT LEAST ONE TRAILING ZERO FROM THE STRING OF DIGITS REPRESENTING THE MEMORY DUMP

To extract a dump from calculator press and hold STO
- the string of digits can be copy/pasted into a text file for storage
- it is only necessary to keep one final zero - the rest of the zeros can be ignored
To upload a previously saved dump
- copy it to clipboard and then
- press and hold RCL until the terminal shows Paste PrgMemory:
- in Putty ShiftInsert to paste clipboard text into terminal

LF15C Firmware Files

Tabulated List of LF15C firmware versions

Date	Firmware	Version	Firmware File	Comments
12/09/24	LF15C	beta240911	lf15c_beta240911.zip	initial public beta
15/09/24	LF15C	beta240914	lf15c_beta240914.zip
17/09/24	LF15C	beta240916	lf15c_beta240916.zip
17/09/24	LF15C	beta240916_2	lf15c_beta240916_2.zip
21/09/24	LF15C	beta240920	lf15c_beta240920.zip	very fast Benchmarking, roots of -ve numbers bug
21/09/24	LF15C	beta240921	lf15c_beta240921.zip	Fix of “powers of negative numbers” bug, new 10^x bug
23/09/24	LF15C	beta240923	lf15c_beta240923.zip	10^x fix, other bug fixes
25/09/24	LF15C	beta240925	lf15c_beta240925.zip	Bug fixes More new bugs
28/09/24	LF15C	beta240928	lf15c_beta240928.zip	bug fixes
30/09/24	LF15C	beta240929	lf15c_beta240929.zip	Bug Fixes etc.
30/09/24	LF15C	beta240929_2	lf15c_beta240929_2.zip	RCL I Bug fix
01/10/24	LF15C	beta240930	lf15c_beta240930.zip	Bug Fixes
02/10/24	LF15C	debug241001	lf15c_debug_for_john241001.zip	version pre-loaded with my B.Fil prog for debug purposes
02/10/24	LF15C	beta241002	lf15c_beta241002.zip	Bug Fix my B.Fil runs correctly. No known showstoppers left?
03/10/24	LF15C	beta241003	lf15c_beta241003.zip	fPREFIX fix. Discovered inverse HYP SIN bug
06/10/24	LF15C	beta241005	lf15c_beta241005.zip	fixes ,HYP ASIN bug still present
07/10/24	LF15C	beta241006	lf15c_beta241006.zip	Bug fix and new runTime function
08/10/24	LF15C	beta241007	lf15c_beta241007.zip	Bug Fixes
10/10/24	LF15C	beta241009	lf15c_beta241009.zip	Bug Fixes
12/10/24	LF15C	beta241011	lf15c_beta241011.zip	RND bug fix
14/10/24	LF15C	beta241014	lf15c_beta241014.zip
20/10/24	LF15C	beta241020	lf15c_beta241020.zip
21/10/24	LF15C	beta241021	lf15c_beta241021.zip
22/10/24	LF15C	beta241022	lf15c_beta241022.zip
24/10/24	LF15C	beta241024	lf15c_beta241024.zip
31/10/24	LF15C	beta241031	lf15c_beta241031.zip
02/11/24	LF15C	beta241102	lf15c_beta241102.zip
10/12/24	LF15C	beta241210_2	lf15c_beta241210_2.zip	Integrate feature
17/12/24	LF15C	beta241217	lf15c_beta241217.zip	Integrate improvements
21/12/24	LF15C	beta241221	lf15c_beta241221.zip	Bug Fixes
22/12/24	LF15C	beta241222	lf15c_beta241222.zip	Sin(180)=0 Fixed
14/02/25	LF15C	beta250123	lf15c_beta250123.zip	Enter Key bug fixes
15/02/25	LF15C	beta250215	lf15c_beta250215.zip	Better integration routine and bug fixes
16/02/25	LF15C	beta250216	lf15c_beta250216.zip	Y↑X and TEST bug fixes
17/02/25	LF15C	beta250217b	lf15c_beta250217b.zip	Integration bug fix
19/02/25	LF15C	beta250218	lf15c_beta250218.zip	Integration programability
20/02/25	LF15C	beta250220	lf15c_beta250220.zip	Linear Regression bug fix
21/02/25	LF15C	beta250221	lf15c_beta250221.zip	Complex/non-integer factorial
25/02/25	LF15C	beta250225	lf15c_beta250225.zip	improved precision in x! function
26/02/25	LF15C	beta250226	lf15c_beta250226.hex	f-PREFIX bug fix
12/01/26	LF15C	250408	lf15c_250408.hex	no longer BETA. Stable version - mature??
31/03/26	LF15C	260331	lf15c_260331.hex	Differences unknown - various changes since last stable version 250408. Has Solver issues?
04/04/26	LF15C	260404	lf15c_260404.hex	Differences unknown… performs well on all tests, solver issues resolved
12/04/26	LF15C	260412	lf15c_260412.hex	SOLVE adjustments

Further Information

LF15C program dumps Program dumps for LF15C

Page created : 17/02/26 17:51 GMT

Page updated : 19/04/26 21:20 BST

calculator, dm15l, lf15c

Bloods

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Diaries

Bloods

Some Diary entries…

I have Rheumatoid Arthritis and the medications I take need regular blood monitoring. It gets tedious, so I try to decorate most of the mentions of Blood Tests with a bit of a sketch and some Red ink, to lighten things up a bit

Further Information

diary

DM41X Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 13 Apr 2026 18:35:30 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM41X Info

Purchase Information

Date : February 2022
From : Swiss Micros (Direct)
Price : £185
Serial : 01266
Battery Swap
- 22/09/22
- 11/02/25
- 19/02/26
- 13/04/26

Firmware

Date	Serial No.	DM41X Version	DMCP Version	Firmware Files
24/05/22	01266	2.1	3.20	dmcp_flash_3.20_dm41x-2.1.zip
27/07/24	01266	2.2	3.25	dmcp_flash_3.25_dm41x-2.2.zip
21/12/25	01266	2.3	3.28	dmcp_flash_3.28_dm41x-2.3.zip

RTC Correction

approx. error +3.5s/d = +40.5ppm
Correction factor C from C = 2^20 P /(10^6 + P)
Approximations :
- C = 1.04858 P
- P = 0.953674 C
Calculated C = -42.47

Put a text file /rtccalib.cfg in root directory of FAT drive with contents:

-42.47

Update 28/5/22

After a period of observation the rate is now over-corrected. Try reducing correction to -37.5 which corresponds to a ppm error of 35.76ppm, or 3.26 s/d.

Date Start	Date Check	Accumulated Error (s)	Rate Error (s/d)	Comments
28/3/22	24/5/22		-0.1	correction applied (C=40). Uncorrected error +3.5
24/5/22				new correction C=-42.47
24/5/22	25/5/22		-0.3	new correction in wrong direction?
28/5/22			-0.3	still over-corrected. New factor: -37.5. DM41X reports this is a correction of -35.3ppm
28/5/22	31/5/22		+0.2	Now under-corrected? Difference across 3 days is only 0.5 seconds, so perhaps needs longer to reduce reaction-time-error
28/5/22	28/6/22		+0.1	Almost 1 month later. Delta 31/5/22 = -15.7s, Delta 28/6/22 = -11.6s. +4.1s in 28 days
28/5/22	8/7/22		+0.1	Delta -10.1s
28/5/22	21/9/22		+ 0.2	Delta +1.2s. Still slightly under-corrected but good enough
28/5/22	15/4/23	-7.6	+0.0	Delta -7.6s in 322 days = 0.02 s/d
15/04/23	22/11/23	+33.3	+0.2	33.3s in 221 days = 0.15 s/d

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
23/01/26		+2.7			New Period: correction-35.3ppm
23/01/26	24/01/26	+2.6	-0.1	-0.1	After 24 hours
23/01/26	26/01/26	+3.0	+0.2	+0.1	After 3 days
23/01/26	27/01/26	+3.2	+0.3	+0.1	After 4 days
23/01/26	04/02/26	+5.0	+0.2	+0.2	After 12 days
23/01/26	11/02/26	+6.1	+0.1	+0.2	After 19 days

Notes

Complex Numbers

For more about the 41Z see the separate page DM41X 41z Module

I'm using the 41Z complex number module by Angel Martin to add a 4-level complex number stack. It's a bit confusing at first to get to grips with, but adds a lot of functionality to the the DM41x.

After a bit of trial and error (this is my first play with a “plug-in module” after all) I discovered the simplest way to make the keyboard function normally, and get easy access when needed to the complex functions, was to assign a USER key (usually the statistics summation key ∑+ to the 41Z module function ∑ZL.

Each press of ∑+ now temporarily modifies all the keys to access specific 41Z functions. The functions available are extensive, through the use of the SHIFT key and by multiple presses of the ∑+ (henceforth referred to as Z) key.

I drew out a diagram to show the various functions available.

Once a selection is made the keyboard switches back to its normal behaviour, so all the usual functionality is available.

Most of these are unlikely to be used often - and it's also possible to make a much narrow selection of 41Z functions and make your own USER assignments, rather than use the ∑ZL keyboard - although this might mean you block access to inbuilt functions you might want - which would mean switching out of USER keyboard mode at times. At the moment the ∑ZL option seems the most versatile.

Many of the 41Z functions available are beyond my pay grade and unlikely to ever find a use, but the Complex Keyboard still makes things much easier to deal with.

For example the two keypresses:

Z 1\x

is much easier than the 7 it would otherwise need to invert a complex number

XEQALPHAZINVALPHA I need to practice finding the right function (the main ones printed on the keyboard as well as the new ones provided by 41Z's ∑ZL keyboard, but my fingers are slowly starting to move in the right direction.

One thing I do notice, though, as that due to the need to press various keys (XEQ, ALPHA, SHIFT etc) it's sometimes possible to make a real mess if you miss a vital key in the middle of entering lots of data & instructions and find your stack totally screwed up, or several lines of program code full of nonsense….

I'm sure it'll all become second nature soon enough.

HP16C Emulator module

This is another interesting module to add the functionality of the HP16C - the Programmer's Calculator designed to handle calculations in various mathematical bases as used in computer programming and networking : Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal and Decimal. I adds much more value than the rather basic functions in the Advantage Pac module.

After much trial and error I found a combination of HP16C module and Library 4 library that worked correctly. The HP16C module needs the Library 4 module, but I found some problems with different versions. Using the versions contained in the Swiss Micros package had a weird bug - the 16* (multiplication) function simply didn't work. I found a post by Angel Martin on the HP Calculator Forum with a ZIP file containing the 2 modules that worked correctly.

Here is the zip file : hp-16c_rev.1a.zip

I'll make a separate guide to using the main features here DM41X HP16C Module

Guides

Hints & Tips

Swiss Micros Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm41x/firmware/
Documentation : Online User Manual
Documentation : PDF Manual
Product Page : DM41X

Issues

Arrived new with a speck of dirt behind the glass in front of the LCD.
- Able to remove by carefully prising the glass from its bezel (it's held in with double-sided tape)

41Z Deluxe Module

Weird behaviour with its "common factor" display

Update September 2024

The factorization error in the deluxe version has been fixed by Angel….

Swiss Micros forum discussion about the issue

the fixed version 41z_bs_2x2_2_.zip
My page DM41X 41z Module

DM41X Program Listings

See DM41X Progs

HP-41CX Owner's Manuals

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org

HP-41CX Owner's Manual Vol. 1 : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-om-vol1-en.pdf
HP-41CX Owner's Manual Vol. 2 : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-om-vol2-en.pdf
HP-41CX Quick Reference Guide : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-qrg-en.pdf

Page Updated : 13/04/26 19:35 BST

calculator, dm41x

Diaries

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 08:56:27 +0000

Diaries

I write this in the hope that anyone reading it might be inspired to start diary writing if they don't already or to continue, and to discuss their process, if they do.

I like to store memories on paper, for later. Mundane daily life or exciting events….

What is a diary as a rule?

A document useful to the person who keeps it.

Dull to the contemporary who reads it…

…and invaluable to the student, centuries afterwards, who treasures it.

Walter Scott

I keep a diary

I started in 1992, my mid-20's but then I let it lapse after a few inconsistent years of intermittent diary writing. Looking back the snatches of life I recorded from those days are (to me) fascinating and I regret not having kept it up.

I started bullet journaling in 2016, a few days before my 50^th birthday.

After about a year of this small A6 format *bullet-points-with-longer-bits-and sketches-every-now-and-again* I started *proper* daily diary writing later in 2017. Bullet-journaling is still one aspect of my practice, but not for task-management - just for remembering what I did.

I've been at it ever since.

I'm 60 now, so that's 10 year's worth of life captured, in 46 A-5 sized Volumes (I'm now on Volume 47)

My general process

I write short bullet points at the beginning of the day, and add others if necessary at other times. These can be quickly scanned when searching for things at a later data.
I do small sketches (usually pen & ink & watercolour) of little things that will jog my memory later

I write a long-form entry each morning telling the story of the previous day, usually between 2-5 pages, after the bullet-sketch-quick-view page(s)
I stick in ephemera
- cinema tickets
- photographs
- till receipts
- bus tickets
- labels & tags from significant purchases
I write longer angsty brain-dumps on whatever topic is on my mind, to try and think-through something that's bothering me

In more bullet-journal style…..

Things I track

I keep track of various regular occurrences
I keep track of purchases, online orders etc
I keep a record of medications and medical treatments and consultations and symptoms

I keep track of the scores of our almost daily chess games

I note the weather each day
I track what days I work (I'm self-employed, so it's a bit variable)
if I've walked the dogs
if I got to bed before 11pm
I track if I cooked tea
if I went swimming
I note the family finances each week
and the electricity meter reading
and heating oil level and when the last delivery was
I note when I last changed the cooker's propane gas bottle
and when I last had a haircut (in the kitchen, by my own hand, with clippers)
and when the dog last had a haircut (at the groomer's for the sum of £60, every roughly 6 weeks)
I note the deaths of *“significant”* celebrities

I get through an A5 Leuchtturm hard-back in around 9 weeks.

My motivation?

Everything can be interesting when viewed later, from the future, even my own humdrum life.

I can now look back at almost 10 years of my “middle-age” life, in my 50s.

When I see the first frog spawn of the year…

When the car broke down, how often I've agitated the septic-tank to break up fat-blockages (yes, indeed, the joys of isolated rural living). I can find that time when we kept pigs, or the dog had a cruciate ligament rupture (and the subsequent repair & recovery).

And there's the strange blank period of a couple of months in mid-2018, when I'd had a heart-attack and I seemed unable to write anything in my diary about it (or anything else). Until I was back to normal again. I think I felt that I would remember everything anyway, without writing it down. I'm glad I did write a quick precis of the events of those weeks, even if it took a few months to get it down on paper.

I'm inspired by Mass Observation, the diaries of Alan Bennet, the writings of Simon Garfield, the passionate call-to arms in Irving Finkel's video (see below).

Indexing

In December 2023 I decided that I need a way of finding old entries/events/facts etc. so I started an Index…. more later in a blog post…

Finding Things In A Diary

Influences

Alan Bennet

Writing Home
Keeping on Keeping on
House Arrest

Simon Garfield

Wartime Mass-Observation diary collections
A Notable Woman. The diary of Jean Lucey Pratt.
- Jean was one of the Mass Observation diarists in the Wartime collections above (anonymized as “Maggie Joy Blunt”), but Jean also kept a separate diary covering her whole life, starting in 1925 aged 15 until she died in 1986.

The Great Diary Project

The wonderful Irving Finkel mini lecture on You Tube Rescuing unwanted diaries gives a feel of why I think capturing everyday life, in ordinary peoples' diaries, is important.

The result of Irving's discovery of the importance of diaries is the The Great Diary Project

The Man Who Saves Life Stories

The American Diary Project

There is a similar project in the USA The American Diary Project

Anne Lister

Now well known after the BBC dramatization as “Gentleman Jack” - Anne Lister lived in the 18th Century, was a land-owning woman (unusual) and most famously, gay.

Her diaries were written partly in a “secret” code, to hide the more personal aspects.

They were researched and sections published in 2 volumes by Helena Whitbread.

Anne Lister

I've read the first volume, and it's a fascinating insight into life in the 1820s - leaving aside the sexual aspects - just the practicalities of life, the leeches and quack medical treatments. The amount of walking needed to get anywhere, the poor diets (even for the wealthy). The physical discomfort tolerated (even by the wealthy).

John Gadd

I recently discovered John Gadd and his diary.

He seems to have kept a very similar style of journal to mine - writing daily in one book storing EVERYTHING, writing, photos, tickets, labels…. and a record of his day, his thoughts and only touching on “world news” if it particularly meant something to him.

He called it his “Omnium Gatherum”.

He died aged 90 on 2020, after keeping his diary consistently since 1947, really settling on its eventual format in the early 1970s. His diary was a memory-aid, as is mine, but of course it also captures lots of other things, mundane at the time but over a lifetime the mundane becomes the historical, and illustrate how life changes.

I'd love to see the books and look through the pages, and see how he indexed everything to make it searchable and to find anything within a few minutes.

My Diaries

Book of choice: Leuchtturm1917 A5 Hardback Dot Grid
Pen(s) of choice : Lamy Safari EF nib, TWSBI Eco and Pigma Micron 02
Fountain Pen Inks of choice : Diamine Eau de Nil & Platinum Carbon Black
Watercolours of choice : Winsor & Newton Cotman Sketcher Pocket Set with the China White swapped for some Payne's Grey instead.
Shop of Choice : Cult Pens

Some pics:

More Pics

Bloods

DM42 Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 16:00:57 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM42 Info

Purchase Information

Date : December 2020
From : Swiss Micros (via Amazon)
Price : £179
Serial : 06434
Battery Swap : 21/09/24

Firmware

Date	Serial No.	DM42 Version	Free42 Version	DMCP Version	Firmware Files combined	DM42*.pgm
24/5/22	06434	3.21	3.0.9	3.22	dmcp_flash_3.23_dm42-3.21.zip	dm42-3.21.pgm
15/4/23	06434	3.22	3.0.15	3.24	dmcp_flash_3.24_dm42-3.22.bin	dm42-3.22.pgm
27/07/24	06434	3.23	3.1.8	3.25	dmcp_flash_3.25_dm42-3.23.zip	dm42-3.23.pgm
11/02/26	0644	3.26	3.3.10	3.29	dmcp_flash_3.29_dm42-3.26.zip	dm42-3.26.pgm

3rd party Firmware

DM42 restoration : dm42_pgm_qspi.zip
- DM42 pgm only (no QSPI) : dm42-3.23.zip
Generally I find C47 to be sluggish and laggy and although the features are great the User Experience is poor.
- The Dev. Team seem to spend more time adding new features/functions and don't really care that it's very slow
- Reports indicate that the DM42n runs C47 much faster

Date	Serial No.	Firmware	Version	DMCP Version	Firmware Files
21/09/24	06434	C47	0.109.02.05	3.25	C47 Release : 1 August 2024
18/02/25	06434	C47	0.109.02.07b4	3.25	C47 Release : 2 Jan 2025

RTC Correction

approx. error +3.4s/d = +39.3pm
Correction factor C from C = 2^20 P /(10^6 + P)
Approximations :
- C = 1.04858 P
- P = 0.953674 C
Calculated C = -41.26

Put a text file /rtccalib.cfg in root directory of FAT drive with contents:

-41.26

2022

Start	Stop	Accumulated Error (s)	Rate Error (s/d)	Comments
28/3/22	7/11/22	-5.8	0.0	-5.8s over period 224 days = -0.03s/d

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
26/01/26		-43.0			Start Period. Correction -39.1ppm
26/01/26	27/01/26	-43.2	-0.3	-0.3	After 24 hours
26/01/26	04/02/26	-42.8	+0.1	+0.0	After 9 days

Swiss Micros Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm42/firmware/
Documentation : Online HTML User Manual
Documentation : PDF Manual
Product Page : DM42

HP-42S Owner's Manuals

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org

HP-42S Owners's Manual : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp42s-om-en.pdf
HP-42S Programming Examples & Techniques : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp42s-prog-en.pdf

DM42 Program Listings

See DM42 Progs

calculator, dm42

Commonplace Book

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Stationery

Commonplace Book

My real paper commonplace book

A selection pages from my Orange Vade Mecum

Further Information

Damasko DA36

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Watches

Damasko DA36

Bought Date	25/10/2016
Bought From	Damasko, Germany
Price	€1796
Movement	ETA2836-2 : 25 Jewels, Automatic, Day/Date, 28,800vph
Serial Number	DA36-1981
Anti-magnetic	80,000A/m,1000 Gauss
Water Resistance	100m
Strap	Damasko Steel Bracelet

The DA36

I see this watch as a modern version of Rolex's Milgauss - tough with the same level of Magnetic Resistance as the original Milgauss (1000 Gauss). The original anti-magnetic engineer's watch from Rolex wasn't the multi-thousands-of-pounds bauble they sell today.

Originally Rolex produced relatively expensive, but still affordable, tool-watches.

Unlike the Veblen Goods they churn out today.

Damasko's original and iconic watch, the DA36, is something akin to an early Rolex. Not cheap, but also not ridiculously over-priced. It has no obvious external frills, but has plenty of technology inside to justify the price and to add functional value.

I often ponder whether I'd buy a Milgauss if I could afford the £7000+ price tag. And now I've lived with the DA36 for almost 6 years I don't know that I would. My watch is now my watch. Why swap for another expensive toy?

Damasko have recently re-configured their range of watches and dropped the DA36, and most of the others from their early years of production, as they move upwards, into making higher price watches with in-house movements, rather than using off-the-shelf ETA units.

I'd love a DA36 to appear with the in-house movement, but I don't know that this is going to happen.

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 17:45

The DA36 has now reappeared - as the DK36 with the new in-house A26-3 movement.

DK36 at Damasko

My watch developed a fault after a couple of years but this was easily repaired by Damasko. I might have introduced the fault myself after opening it up a few times to regulate it - perhaps I let in some dirt that found its way to the escapement and caused some abrasion?

I don't know.

It's now working perfectly well after 2½ years of continuous daily wear. I only take it off to have a bath/shower and (usually) to sleep, and very rarely if I need to squeeze my left hand into a tight space when working on cars, Land Rovers or transmitters. I don't think I've let it run down since the repair in December 2019.

The Milgauss

A modern Milgauss for comparison. There's not a lot of aesthetic similarity, the modern Milgauss is quite gaudy, with its green sapphire crystal and shiny dial.

The 1960's version ref. 1019 (not the original submariner style with a timing bezel) looks more workmanlike and is the one I'd go for if I had the money. When I last looked a birth year 1966 Milgauss fetches around £22,000…. so I'll stick with my DA36 and let it age with me.

The Damasko Steel Bracelet

The DA36 was bought with the Damasko steel bracelet and initially I was happy with it.

It is super-engineered. Each link, of ice hardened bead-blasted steel to match the watch's case, is fixed with strong torx secured pivot pins. The whole bracelet can be dismantled for cleaning. It's very strong, very well designed and very well made.

After time though the lack of adjustment (even with the two supplied “long” links) meant it became difficult to find a good comfortable fit.

The DA36 was then worn mostly on the Damasko leather strap or a variety of NATO straps, including some elastic MN types, which are certainly very comfortable.

The steel bracelet was sold in 2017, to someone in the USA, after I decided I couldn't get on with it.

Following the appearance of the rate-error fault in 2018, I switched to my Seiko SKX007 on a Strapcode Oyster steel bracelet, and liked it so much I decided to buy another Damasko steel bracelet for the DA36, and to request a set of additional adjustment links to allow more variation in size. The longer links can be bought in sets of 2 pairs, which along with the 2 pairs that come with the bracelet, allow a smooth adjustment in tiny steps, almost matching the difference made by adding or removing a normal link.

The new bracelet and links were bought in November 2019.

This allowed the use of up to 5 ¹⁾ adjustment links to step smoothly between the jump in one normal link. A good fit was obtained with 3 or 4 added long links. After some time I found I could wear the bracelet with no adjustment links, my wrist settled to a size that suited a whole number of normal links, but I have the option of a good range of adjustment, if things should change in future.

I occasionally put a NATO strap on, but it rarely stays for more than a day or two before the pull of the super-strong super-engineered bracelet wins out.

[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2025-03-09] ~~add some photos of the DA36~~

Watch-u-seek threads

A Year On the Wrist

Damasko Pics.....

History

Bought : 25/10/16 Arrived : 2/11/16

Initial Rate Tests

First 20 Days : Δ +11.4s -> +0.6s/d

Watchcheck data etc ....

Month	Δ / s	Average Rate s/d
Nov 2016	+19.2	+0.7
Dec 2016	+28.0	+1.2
Jan 2017	+50.2	+1.4
Feb 2017	+7.4	+0.2
Mar 2017	+6.9	+0.3
Apr 2017	-1.3	0.0
May 2017	-47.4	-1.4
Jun 2017	-43.4	-1.6
Jul 2017	-79.4	-2.6
Aug 2017	-84.3	-2.7
Sep 2017	-67.5	-3.9

First Regulation after 12 months

18/12/17	+22.0	-2.3
19/12/17	+20.9	-1.1		__1st attempt to regulate → __
20/12/17	+22.1	+4.0		after regulation and dial-down overnight
21/12/17	+22.5	+0.4		dial-up overnight (usual position)
22/12/17	+22.7	+0.1		regulation seems to have corrected rate error
23/12/17	+22.3	-0.4		time reset to -0.3 s

Second Regulation

19/01/18	-11.0	-2.2
20/01/18	-16.1	-5.1		???
21/01/18	-19.2	-3.0		??
22/01/18	-22.2	-3.7		regulated later in day to attempt to correct recent -ve rate
23/01/18	-22.1	+0.8		timegrapher showed odd spells of low amplitude.
24/01/18	-20.5	+1.5

Third Regulation

05/03/18	+24.1	+5.8
06/03/18	+31.9	+8.1
07/03/18	+37.2	+5.4
08/03/18	+44.6	+6.9		__Regulated for 3rd time__ to reduce rate.
09/03/18	+44.4	-0.1
10/03/18	+42.8	-1.6		too far?

Fourth Regulation

21/03/18	+18.4	-0.9
22/03/18	+17.7	-0.7
23/03/18	+13.8	-4.1		__regulated for 4th time__ to increase rate
24/03/18	+13.2	-0.5
25/03/18	+12.6	-0.6		reset to DST. -0.7s
26/03/18	+0.3	+1.2
27/03/18	+0.5	+0.2

Fault apparent

29/08/18	-5.7	-2.1
30/08/18	-36.3	-31.4		????? Massive loss in one day!!!

Rate and amplitude errors v. bad on Timegrapher.

Watch put aside and not worn, until October 2019!!

Worn again after 12 months

10/11/19	-11.9	-2.4		dial down overnight
11/11/19	-14.1	-2.3		dial up overnight. Low amp. observed during the previous day?
12/11/19	-16.2	-2.2		Overnight on winder. Low amp. observed during the previous day
13/11/19	-18.6	-2.3		overnight on winder. being consistent day → day despite amplitude concerns.
14/11/19	-21.0	-2.3		overnight on winder.

Fault Re-appears

New period - fault re-appearing

14/11/19	-32.6	-44.9 		(21:04:32) on winder for previous hour. 2 seconds lost.    	      
15/11/19	-45.2	-19.5  		(17:36:45) on TG since 06:30.... variable amp. & poor rate

2019 Repair Details

Sent to Damasko for inspection and repair : 18/11/19

Damasko confirm fault as

After checking it our watchmaker told us that there is many abrasion in the movement.

Repair details

Cleaning, and oiling the escapement

Regulate DA36.1981 €120

Shipping costs UK €50

Total amount €170

Returned from Damasko : 14/12/19

Fault now absent

Performance after repair

Timegrapher Check 20/11/20

After 11 months of daily wear

Pos	Amp	Rate
Dial Up	321	+8
Dial Down	290	+6
6H	278	+2
3H	283	+2
9H	295	+5
12H	302	+4
Ave	(294)	+4
D		-6

Timegrapher Check 19/12/21

2 Years after repair. Worn Daily

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	321	+5
D dn	308	+3
6H	305	+2
3H	306	+1
9H	291	+1
12H	303	0
Ave	(305)	+2
D		-3

Timegrapher Check 18/1/22

Still wearing daily

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	313	+2
D dn	316	+1
6H	296	+1
3H	292	0
9H	278	0
12H	286	0
Ave	(297)	+1
D		-1

Watchcheck 2022

Start	Stop	Average
1/1/22	1/2/22	+0.9
1/2/22	1/3/22	+1.2
1/3/22	27/3/22	+0.3
27/3/22	17/5/22	-1.0
17/5/22	22/5/22	-2.1

Rate is now dropping after 2½ years of daily wear. Will monitor and wait for rate to exceed manufacturer's specification before sending for service/regulation.

See dedicated page Repair and Service 2022

Timegrapher Check 22/5/22

A morning and afternoon test to compare readings of different levels of power.

Time : 10:15
- After overnight Dial Up

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	299	-3
D dn	300	-1
6H	277	-4
3H	272	-4
9H	269	-3
12H	277	-4
Ave	(282)	-3.3
D		-1

Time : 15:45
- worn for 7 hours

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	317	+1
D dn	307	+3
6H	289	-1
3H	302	0
9H	301	0
12H	299	-1
Ave	(303)	+0.3
D		-2

Update May 2022

I've owned the DA36 now for over 5 years. After the repair, and getting the 2^nd bracelet, it's rarely off my wrist. I'll occasionally wear another watch (typically a Casio GW-M5610) on my right wrist.

The DA36 stays on the left.

The ice-hardened steel is very resistant to scratching or other marks. After 5 years I can see some slight blemishes - just signs of an active life. The bracelet has more marks than the watch case itself - links rub against each other and the bracelet is more likely to be rubbed against hard surfaces than the watch - and as time goes by it slowly (very slowly) starts to look less like a new watch and more like a tool watch.

There are marks on the bezel, and on the bracelet end-link, at the 12 o'clock position, I guess I caught it on something abrasive at some time…. more wabi-sabi

The hardened steel, and matte bead-blasted finish, mean that there is no slow development of a general swirly patina. A scratch shows up, in the right light, as a shiny area of un-bead-blasted reflective steel. It's just the characteristic of the material. I wonder what it'll look like in another 10 years?

Time Keeping performance

Still well within COSC standards ( -4 / +6 ) at around -2s/d as of May 2022. Rolex now guarantee their watches to run better than COSC, at ±2 s/d. My DA36 has been within this range for the last few years, and is only now starting to fall outside that range. It may wander back towards zero over time. Who knows how all the different variables inter-react to make up the overall rate error, and how they vary with time?

Time Grapher 23/5/22

Pos	Amp	Rate
Dial Up	316	+2
Dial Down	315	+4
6H	283	-2
3H	288	-1
9H	288	0
12H	288	0
Ave	(299)	+0.5
D		-4

Quick shot on the TimeGrapher…

Photos

On a Marine-Nationale Green/Yellow NATO

— John Pumford-Green 31/05/22 12:54

A change from the super-tough steel bracelet.

New WatchGecko NATO

— John Pumford-Green 05/06/22 17:25

https://www.watchgecko.com/watchgecko-signature-nato-strap-olive-green

Page created Sun May 22 00:25:30 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

watch, damasko

¹⁾

yes, I've actually got 5 pairs in total, can't remember the details of how this happened!

DM15L Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 17 Apr 2026 10:45:56 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM15L Info

Purchase Information

Date : September 2021
From : Swiss Micros (direct)
Price : £95
Serial : 21350
New Battery
- July 27^th 2022
- July 26^th 2024
- April 17^th 2026

Firmware

Upgrade firmware on Linux

sudo lpc21isp <firmware_file> /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 12000

bash scripts

just to reduce the typing…. still need to press the hidden reset button to start the flashing and to start the new firmware.

You can have separate scripts for ease of loading different firmware

./lf_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=LF15C_250408.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

./dm32_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=DM15_M1B_32.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

./dm34_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=DM15_M1B_34.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

Upgrade firware on Windows

Serial USB Driver for Windows

cp210x_universal_windows_driver.zip

Windows Firmware Upload Tool

voyage_firmware_tool.zip

Swiss Micros Official

Swiss Micros Firmware files

Date	Serial No.	Firmware	Version	Firmware Files	Comments
24/05/22	21350	DM15_M1B	32	dm15_m1b_32.zip	Extended User Registers
22/11/23	21350	DM15	32	dm15_32.zip	Standard User Registers
21/12/24	21350	DM15_M1B	33	dm15_m1b_33.zip	New 2-line stack and other mods
23/01/26	21350	DM15_M1B	34	dm15_m1b_34.hex	Bug fixes to new version

ROM	Allocatable registers	RAM base addr.	Initial Memory Status
DM15 (Original ROM)	64	0xc0	19 46 0-0
DM15_M80	128	0x80	19 110 0-0
DM15_M1B	229	0x1b	19 211 0-0

LF15C - 3rd Party Firmware

From HP Forum https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046.html

For more details see LF15C - firmware for the DM15

DESK-15 - 3rd Party Firmware

From HP Forum https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-23488.html
You Tube https://youtu.be/ktrKZzN3wJw
Github for firmware and brief README guide https://github.com/zooxo/desk15

I'll try it out and write up some details…..

Desk15 - firmware for the DM15

RTC Error

RTC is not capable of calibration/correction
RTC appears to continue running even when switching firmware
- LF15C has no ability to display RTC but it the rate appears unaffected by the firmware changes
- Requires that Swiss Micros firmware is loaded in order to check current RTC time

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
23/01/26		-49.0			Delta -49.0. New firmware DM15 V34 loaded. New Period
23/01/26	24/01/26	-47.0	+2.1	+2.1	After 24 hours
23/01/26	26/01/26	-43.4	+1.9	+2.0	After 3 days
23/01/26	27/01/26	-41.9	+1.8	+1.9	After 4 days. LF15C loaded after time check
23/01/26	11/02/26	-11.2	+2.0	+2.0	After 19 days. DM15_M1B_34 reloaded to check time
23/01/26	04/04/26	+88.3	+1.9	+1.9	After 71 days

Swiss Micros Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/voyager/firmware/
Documentation : Online HTML User Manual
Documentation : PDF Manual
Product Page : DM15L

HP-15C Owner's Handbooks

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org/

HP-15C Owner's Handbook : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp15c-oh-en.pdf
HP-15C Advanced Functions Handbook : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp15c-afh-en.pdf

DM15L Memory Dumps and Program Listings

See DM15L Progs

calculator, dm15l

DM32 Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 13:44:01 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM32 Info

The new entry-Level do-it-all machine

Release June 2023 with Beta Firmware - community providing feedback of bugs and errors to help drive firmware development

https://forum.swissmicros.com/viewforum.php?f=33

Photos

Purchase Information

Date : July 2023
From : Swiss Micros
Price : CHF249 + CHF70 DHL Delivery = CHF319 = £296
Serial : 00812

Firmware

Date	DM32 Version	DMCP Version	Firmware Files	Comments
20/07/23	2.03	3.50t25	dmcp5_flash_3.50t25_dm32-2.03.zip	Equation Solver Bug - sometimes shows LOG(0) or DIVIDE BY 0 - also Complex powers bug - Forum says “fixed in next F/W release”
01/08/23	2.04	3.50t29	dmcp5_flash_3.50t29_dm32-2.04.zip	Bugs I'd spotted in 2.03 now resolved
13/09/23	2.05	3.50t31	dmcp5_flash_3.50t31_dm32-2.05.zip	4-line prog editor, 4-line EQN list & more
09/11/23	2.06	3.50t33	dmcp5_flash_3.50t33_dm32-2.06.zip	Various fixes & new features
06/05/24	2.07	3.50t36	dmcp5_flash_3.50t36_dm32-2.07.zip	Various new features including “remote calls” to routines in non-loaded calculator “states”
06/05/24	2.08	3.50t38	dmcp5_flash_3.50t38_dm32-2.08.zip	USB Speed Up and other new features
07/05/24	2.09	3.50t38	dmcp5_flash_3.50t38_dm32-2.09.zip	Right-align stack display option
20/08/24	2.10	3.51	dmcp5_flash_3.51_dm32-2.10.zip	Official Release Version
24/01/26	2.11	3.56	dmcp5_flash_3.56_dm32-2.11.bin	Minor bug-fixes

Changes

Changelog

DM32 v2.11: 2025-12-05

Fixes

  Fixed: crash after using equation solver with Flag-11 (forum)
  Font design: visually improved a selection of glyphs in the SwissKeys font (the "bold" font).

DM32 v2.10: 2024-08-17

Fixes

  Fixed: Difference in error messages (STAT ERROR and INVALID y^x)
  Fixed: SOLVE (i) asks for solve variable

DM32 v2.09: 2024-05-06

Enhancements

  Added RANDSEED to statefile
  Statefile parsing enhancements
  Stack Right-align option (see in doc)

DM32 v2.08: 2024-03-18

Enhancements

  Added CPU frequency switching when powered from USB
  Added remote calls from CALC mode
  Added Extended GTO functionality (see in doc)
  Added support for automatic load of dependent states (see in doc)

Fixes

  Fixed: The '0' style doesn't match register font in SHOW box
  Fixed: F3 (SST) should act only if no other key processing is pending
  Fixed: F3 (SST) long press to NULL behavior
  Fixed: Remote XEQ calls to current context
  Fixed: First remote XEQ call should clear remote call stack
  Fixed: Current state filename should be pre-selected in "Save" dialog

DM32 v2.07: 2023-12-08

Enhancements

  Added remote XEQ functionality (see in manual)
  Added SHOW view of EQN message
  SHOW extended to all program lines in program mode

Fixes

  F2 key (i.e. debug view toggle) deactivated for non-CALC modes and during number entry
  Fixed USB disk id to 0483:5720 so it corresponds to USB MSC by STM
  Fixed: Program SOLVE ending in "NO ROOT FOUND" prevents subsequently keyed XEQ from running (until pressing [R/S])
  Fixed: Number entered as '1E-' ([E][+/-]) should be interpreted as '1'
  Fixed: Message triangle cut-off after File->Load Clean State
  Fixed: Left/right scrolling of long EQN message (i.e. EQN in PRGM mode with flag10 set) doesn't work

DM32 v2.06: 2023-11-01

  Added "Debug View" (see in manual)
  Added Step-out and Step-over (see in manual)
  SHOW box style changed to better match overall look
  Fixed: Sometimes SHOW displays "SHOW" instead of expected text on long key press
  Fixed: Wrong CLEAR menu in PRGM and EQN mode after elaborated key combinations
  SHOW hold isn't killed by shift presses (simplifies screenshot invocation)
  SHOW hold isn't canceled by screenshot
  Fixed: Integration ends on overflow when Flag5=0 (should give an integration result) .. this also fixed a problem with restarting integration after an overflow
  Fixed: Memory corruption in EQN list (reported by Raul). Exhibit itself during EQN edit by displaying "NO EQN" on other lines and all those equations are lost.

For the full list see https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm32/firmware/history.html

For current USER MANUAL see https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm32/doc/dm32_user_manual.html

RTC Correction

approx. error : -23ppm (-2.0s/d)
Correction factor C from C = 2^20 P /(10^6 + P)
Approximations :
- C = 1.04858 P
- P = 0.953674 C
Calculated C = 24.2

Put a text file /rtccalib.cfg in root directory of FAT drive with contents:

24.2

2023

Start	Stop	Accumulated Error (s)	Rate Error (s/d)	Comments
20/07/23	22/07/23	-3.5	-2.0	First 2 days initial test. -23ppm
22/07/23	22/11/23	+17.3	+0.1	with correction 24.2 (22.9ppm) applied = slightly over-corrected?

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
27/01/26		+4.4			New Period. Correction 22.9ppm
27/01/26	14/04/26	+14.8s	+0.1	+0.1	77 days +10 seconds

DM32 Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm32/firmware/
YouTube videos by NA McBee : https://www.youtube.com/@N.A._McBee/video
Swissmicros forum : https://forum.swissmicros.com/viewforum.php?f=33&sid=2185cf0ed161a970070277183ff137c0

Hardware / Firmware issue

I received the following email from Swiss Micros in 8th March 2024 explaining a hardware change that's required to early production units to ensure correct operation with the latest firmware, which allows the processing speed to increase when powered via USB (as per the DM41X and DM42).

email re: hardware mod

Dear valued customer,

We appreciate your decision to purchase the DM32 calculator.
As one of our early adopters, your support means a lot to us.

In our initial firmware versions, we restricted the CPU speed
to 48MHz due to power limitations from the CR2032 battery.
However, in upcoming firmware updates, we're introducing the ability
to switch to 160MHz when powered by USB. It's crucial to note that
upon unplugging the USB, the CPU speed must swiftly revert to 48MHz
to prevent battery voltage drop and subsequent CPU resets.

Regrettably, we've identified an issue affecting units purchased
before December 2023. In specific scenarios, the CPU speed doesn't
transition quickly enough, potentially leading to calculator resets.

This may happen upon USB disconnection if the device is engaged in
processing tasks rather than merely awaiting user input or being powered down.

All units ordered post-November 2023 have been enhanced to ensure consistent
performance. This modification entails replacing R4 with a 22k resistor
instead of the previous 100k one.

To address this issue, we offer several solutions:

If you're comfortable soldering, replacing R4 is a straightforward fix. We're happy to dispatch a replacement
resistor to you in an envelope, see https://www.swissmicros.com/product/r4-22k-resistor

Alternatively, you can send your DM32 to us, and we'll replace the resistor and return it to you promptly,
see https://www.swissmicros.com/product/rma

We anticipate a new batch of PCBs to be available in approximately three months. Once ready, we can send you
a replacement PCB. We kindly request that you return the replaced PCB to us.

https://www.swissmicros.com/product/dm32-replacement-pcb

We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused and appreciate your
understanding and cooperation in resolving this matter.

Thank you for your continued support and patience.

Best regards

Michael Steinmann

SwissMicros

I find the DM32 plenty fast enough running on batteries, so I'm not necessarily going to be plugging it it to boost its performance but I do want to stay up to date with firmware changes and don't want to risk any problems, so I've ordered the replacement SMD resistor and plan to swap it myself.

update 24/01/26 - I think I did the swap…. after receiving the new resistor, not sure of the date…. I'm fairly sure I did, anyway!

HP-32Sii Owner's Manual

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org/

HP-32sii Owner's Manual : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp32sii-om-en.pdf

Further Information

calculator, dm32

Datasheets

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 10:10:35 +0000

←6502 Project

Datasheets

Datasheets for parts used in my 6502 project

CPU

WD 65C02

EEPROM

28C256 EEPROM

RAM

62256 RAM

LCD

Generic LCD

VIA

WDC 65C22 VIA

ACIA

Rockwell 65C51

WDC 65C51

RTC

Maxim DS1306

Various support chips

74HC00 Quad NAND

NE555

MAX232 TTL-RS232

74LS21 dual 4-input AND

— John Pumford-Green 24/09/22 13:25

Further Information

6502

Benchmarking

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 13:35:47 +0000

←Calculators

Benchmarking

Various methods to test the speed of calculators

HP Museum Benchmarks

These pseudo-code examples need tweaking for each calculator, some have alpha register names, some numeric.

The handling of the <loop> is different in each calculator,too.

The Programs are run for 1 minute and the result (the number of loops completed) is found in register 2 (or wherever is used in the calculator being tested).

HP Museum Maths Benchmark

psuedo code

LBL <whatever>
0
STO 2
1.01234 EEX 6
STO 0
2.345
STO 1
<loop>
RCL 1
RCL 0
*
RCL 1
-
RCL 0
/
RCL 1
*
3.5
/
SQRT
1
STO+ 2
GTO <loop>

HP Museum Trig Benchmark

pseudo code

LBL <whatever>
56.26
STO 0
0
STO 2
<loop>
RCL 0
SIN
ASIN
COS
ACOS
TAN
ATAN
LN
e^x
1
STO + 2
GTO <loop>

Overall Results

sorted by Maths Benchmark

Date	Calculator	Serial No	Firmware	Maths Result	Maths % ¹⁾	Trig Result	Trig %²⁾	Comment
12/01/26	DM15L *	21350	lf15c_250408.hex	99,869	14,708%	17,306	43,265%	3rd Party Firmware
21/09/24	DM15L *	21350	lf15c_beta240920.zip	68,791	10,131%	14,159	35,397%	3rd Party Firmware
20/07/23	DM32	00812	2.03	46,265	6,813%	12,224	30,560%
26/05/22	DM42	06434	3.21	24,701	3,637%	3,741	9,352.5%
09/05/24	DM42 *	06434	C47 00.109.01.03a2	4,976	732.8%	210	525.0%	3rd Party Firmware
02/08/24	DM41X	01266	2.2	3,273	482%	627	1,690%	FAST/USB power
17/09/24	DM15L *	21350	lf15c_beta240916_2.zip	1,346	198%			3rd Party Firmware
26/05/22	DM41X	01266	2.1	1,117	164%	228	570%	FAST mode
02/08/24	DM41X	01266	2.2	1,038	152%	206	515%	FAST
14/01/26	DM41X	01266	2.3	900	132%	177	442%	FAST
23/01/26	DM15L	21350	DM15_M1B_34	790	116%	199	497%	48MHz
26/05/22	DM15L	21350	DM15_M1B_32	676	99%	185	462.5%	48MHz
26/05/22	HP35S	PHA9150KFF	n/a	292	43%	113	282.5%
23/12/25	DM41L	05121	DM41_34	261	38%	140	350%	48MHz
26/08/24	DM41L	05121	DM41_32	154	22%	108	270%	48MHz
26/05/22	DM15L	21350	DM15_M1B_32	150	22%	41	102.5%	12MHz
26/08/24	DM41L	05121	DM41_32	96	14%	40	100%	12MHz
26/05/22	DM41X	01266	2.1	93	13%	18	45%	SLOW mode (original HP41 Speed)
02/08/24	DM41X	01266	2.2	93	13%	18	45%	SLOW
28/07/22	HP11C	2219AO3710	n/a	37	5.45%	9	22.5%

Reference is HP9100 : Maths Score = 679, Trig Score = 40

Code

State Files for DM32

Maths : hpbmm : hpbmm.d32 : Run as XEQ A : Get result from RCL C

Trig : hpbmt : hpbmt.d32 : Run as XEQ A : Get result from RCL C

Maths Benchmark Listing for DM42

LBL "BM"
0
STO 02
1.01234E6 
STO 00
2.345
STO 01
LBL 02
RCL 01
RCL 00
x
RCL 01
-
RCL 00
÷
RCL 01
x
3.5
÷
SQRT
1
STO+ 02
GTO 02
END

Raw File : Maths Benchmark (bm) file for DM41X & DM42 bm.raw

Raw File : Trig Benchmark (bmt) file for DM41X & DM42 bmt.raw

Maths Benchmark Listing for DM41X

LBL ¬BM
0
STO 02
1.01234 E6
STO 00
2.345
STO 01
LBL 02
RCL 01
RCL 00
*
RCL 01
-
RCL 00
/
RCL 01
*
3.5
/
SQRT
1
ST+ 02
GTO 02
END

Maths Benchmark Listing for HP35S

LBL X
0
STO C
1.01234E6
STO A
2.345
STO B
RCL B  <-- loop in
RCL A
x
RCL B
-
RCL A
÷
RCL B
x
3.5
÷
√x
1
STO+ C
GTO X008  --> loop in

Maths Benchmark Listing for DM15L / HP15C

LBL E
0
STO 2
1
.
0
1
2
3
4
EEX
6 
STO 0
2
.
3
4
5
STO 1
LBL 2
RCL 1
RCL 0
x
RCL 1
-
RCL 0
÷
RCL 1
x
3
.
5
÷
√x
1
STO + 2
GTO 2
RTN

Maths Benchmark Listing for DM32

LBL A
0
STO C
1.01234 E 6
STO A
2.345
STO B
LBL B
RCL B
RCL A
X
RCL B
-
RCL A
/
RCL B
X
3.5
/
SQRT
1
STO+ C
GTO B
RTN

DM15L Memory Dump : Maths Benchmark = LBL A, Trig Benchmark = LBL B

DM15_M1B
00  05626000000001  01000000000000  01000000000000  00000000000000
04  04975000fff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00999999999eae
08  00000000000000  2a2f87beda1280  00000000bcaf80  00000000000000
10  05626000000001  02345000000000  00000000000000  04000000000001
14  f0000000000402  1b4c4c4c4c4c4c  000000000007f7  000000000007fe
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01990000000002
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  05000000000000  03000000000000
20  00000000000000  00000000000000  04000000000000  08000000000000
24  02100000000001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f4  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  b21282dff1cafd
f8  f5c0f3fc31fd30  fb31fc30310241  f5f4f3c0f240f6  c6f4f3f2f1f0c0
fc  f142f00ab21382  dff1cbbbb9c9b8  c8b7c7300342f0  40f6f2c0f6f50b
A: 04975000fff000  B: 04975000fffeae  C: 00999999999eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 04000000000000  N: 04975000000000  G: 06

The SAVAGE benchmark

From HPCC Datafile V37N1 pp38-42

Raw File : Savage Benchmark (svg) for DM41X & DM42 svg.raw

State File : savage for DM32 savage.d32 : XEQ S

Listing for self-timed version

LBL "SVG"
"SAVAGE"
AVIEW
RAD
2499
STO 00
1
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
STO 01
TIME
X<> 01
LBL 01
X^2
SQRT
LN
E^X
ATAN
TAN
+
DSE 00 
GTO 01
TIME
RCL 01
HMS-
HR
3600
*
END

Listing for the simple (manual timed) version

No time calculation, it needs a stopwatch to measure the time… for calculators without TIME functions

LBL A
RAD
2499
STO A (for HP11C "STO I", for DM15L "STO 0")
1
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
LBL B
X^2
SQRT
LN
E^X
ATAN
TAN
+
DSE A  (for HP11C "DSE", for DM15L "DSE 0" )
GTO B
RTN

DM15L Memory Dump

DM15_M1B
00  01000000000000  01000000000000  01000000000000  00000000000000
04  32499970322000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  40997997010eae
08  00000000000000  3ebeefb6e4228f  e79282e8bc2ac0  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  08000000000000  06000000000000  02498970322003
14  f0000000000504  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000001fc  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  06000000000000
1c  04000000000000  07000000000000  05000000000000  03000000000000
20  00000000000000  00000000000000  04000000000000  08000000000000
24  02100000000001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
fc  000000000000b2  1b82fac9b9cbbb  caba0bc1c1c1f1  40f9f9f4f2e80a
A: 32499970322000  B: 32499970322eae  C: 40997997010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 02499970322003  G: 09

LF15C Memory Dump

Results

On Battery:

Calculator	Firmware	Seconds	Mins/seconds	Comment	Displayed Result
DM15L *	LF15c_beta250217b	3.862 seconds	0 mins 3.862 sec	Timed by internal function “runTime”	2500.00000000118
DM15L *	LF15c_beta250215	3.969 seconds	0 mins 3.969 sec	Timed by internal function “runTime”	2500.00000000118
DM15l *	LF15C_250408	4.008 seconds	0 mins 4.008 sec	Timed by internal function “runTime”	2500.00000000118
DM15L *	LF15c_beta241006	5.9510 seconds	0 mins 5.951 sec	Timed by internal function “runTime”	2500.00000000118
DM15L *	LF15C_beta240928	6.3 seconds	0 min 6.3 sec	manually timed	2500.00000000118
DM32	2.03 & 2.06	6.3 seconds	0 min 6.3 sec		2500.00000000
DM42	3.22	14.9 seconds	0 min 14.9 sec		2500.00000000
DM41X	2.3	143.69 seconds	2 min 26.69 sec	FAST mode / USB Power	2499.970322
DM41X	2.1	207.03 seconds	3 min 27.03 sec	FAST mode	2499.970322
DM41X	2.2	244.2 seconds	4 min 4.25 sec	FAST mode	2499.970322
DM15L	DM15_M1B_34	247.3 seconds	4 min 34.3 sec	48MHz	2499.970322
DM41X	2.3	284.15 seconds	4 min 44.15 sec	FAST Mode	2499.970322
DM15L	DM15_32	288 seconds	4 min 48 sec	48MHz	2499.970322
DM41L	DM41_34	513.73 seconds	8 min 33 sec	48MHZ	2499.970322
DM41L	DM41_32	758.67 seconds	12 min 38.67 sec	48MHz	2499.970322
HP35S	n/a	877 seconds	14 min 37 sec		2499.99939863
DM41L	DM41_34	1285.93 seconds	21 min 25.93 seconds	12MHz	2499.970322
DM41X	2.1	2652.37 seconds	44 min 12.37 sec	SLOW mode	2499.970322
HP11C		5160 seconds	1 hour 26 min 0 sec		2499.970322

On USB Power :

DM41X : 58.1 seconds (FAST mode) (F/W/ Version ?)
DM42 : 5.56 seconds

N-Queens

https://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-bin/articles.cgi?read=700

Raw File : N-Queens file (nqu) for DM41X & DM42 nqu.raw

State File : nqu for DM32 nqu.d32

Listing for HP41/DM41X/DM41L/HP42/DM42

// for HP41 / HP 42  ... DM41X, DM41L, DM42
// shows run-time on completion

LBL "NQU"   
CLRG
TIME
STO 20
8 
STO 11
LBL 00  
RCL 00 
RCL 11
X=Y? 
GTO 04
ISG 00 
DEG
STO IND 00
LBL 01 
ISG 10 
DEG
RCL 00 
STO 09
LBL 02  
DSE 09 
DEG
RCL 09 
X=0? 
GTO 00
RCL IND 00 
RCL IND 09 
-
X=0? 
GTO 03
ABS 
RCL 00 
RCL 09 
-
X<>Y? 
GTO 02
LBL 03  
DSE IND 00 
GTO 01
DSE 00 
GTO 03
LBL 04 
RCL 10
TIME 
RCL 20
HMS-
HR
3600
*
RTN

Listing for DM15L with LF15C firmware

LBL 88
CLEAR REG
8
STO 10
LBL 80
RCL 0
RCL 10
X=Y?
GTO 84
1
STO+ 0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL 10
STO (i)
LBL 81
1
STO+ 11
RCL 0
STO 9
LBL 82
1
STO- 9
RCL 9
X=0?
GTO 80
RCL 0
STO I
RCL (i)
RCL 9
STO I
RDN
RCL (i)
-
X=0?
GTO 83
ABS
RCL 0
RCL 9
-
X<>Y?
GTO 82
LBL 83
RCL 0
STO I
1
STO- (i)
RCL (i)
X<>0?
GTO 81
1
STO- 0
RCL 0
X<>0?
GTO 83
LBL 84
RCL 11
runTime
RTN

LF15C Memory Dump

Listing for DM15L / HP15C

LBL A
CLR_REG
8
STO .0
LBL 0
RCL 0
RCL .0
TEST 5
GTO 4
1
STO+0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL .0
STO (i)
LBL 1
1
STO+.1
RCL 0
STO 9
LBL 2
1
STO-9
RCL 9
x=0
GTO 0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL (i)
RCL 9
STO I
R_down
RCL (i)
-
x=0
GTO 3
ABS
RCL 0
RCL 9
-
TEST 6
GTO 2
LBL 3
RCL 0
STO I
1
STO-(i)
RCL (i)
TEST 0
GTO 1
1
STO-0
RCL 0
TEST 0
GTO 3
LBL 4
RCL .1
RTN

DM15L Memory Dump

DM15_M1B
00  08000000000000  08000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
04  065140fffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000000999eae
08  00000000000000  22af8d9e7e0080  00000000000000  00000000000000
10  08000000000000  08000000000000  01000000000000  01000000000000
14  f0000000000537  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000007f7  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  04000000000000
1c  01000000000000  03000000000000  06000000000000  02000000000000
20  07000000000000  05000000000000  00000000000000  08000000000000
24  08760000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f4  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  b25104137030a0
f8  dff1117086bddf  f19730031276fb  3930b313ecfb86  c4973986973010
fc  ec39a9dff10249  3091dff1019650  973080dff11475  50300060f8a50a
A: 065140fffff000  B: 065140fffffeae  C: 00000000999eae
S: 00000000000000
M: aaaaaaaaaaaaaa  N: 06514000000000  G: 04

Date	Calculator	Serial No.	Firmware	Seconds	Mins : Secs	Comment
12/01/26	DM15L*	21350	LF15C_250408	0.992 seconds	0:0.992	Self-timed with runTime function
14/04/26	DM32	00812	2.11	3.02 seconds	0:03.02	Manual Timed. Battery
14/04/26	DM32	00812	2.11	1.3 seconds	0:01.30	Manual Timed. USB Power
28/01/26	DM42	06434	3.23	7.30 seconds	0:07.30	Battery
14/01/26	DM41X	01266	2.3	49.55 seconds	0:49.55	FAST mode / USB Power
10/01/26	DM41X	01266	2.3	101.29 seconds	1:41.29	FAST mode / battery
23/01/26	DM15L	21350	DM15_M1B_34	202.16 seconds	3:22.16	48MHz, manually timed
10/01/26	DM41L	05121	DM41_34	509.19 seconds	8:29.19	48MHz
11/01/26	DM41L	05121	DM41_34	870.58 seconds	14:30.58	12MHz
10/01/26	DM41X	01266	2.3	1008.60 seconds	16:48.60	SLOW mode / battery

* Running 3rd party firmware https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046.html

Tony's Benchmark

From http://www.thimet.de/CalcCollection/CalcPerformance.html

Code

Listing for the benchmark

LBL A  (For DM41X and DM42 : LBL "AA")
10
STO A  (For DM41X and DM42 : STO 00 )
LBL B
1
+
4.567E-4
-
70
+
69
-
7
x
11
/
RCL A (RCL 00)
1
-
STO A (STO 00)
X≠0?
GTO B
R↓
LOG
SIN
SQRT
SQRT
RTN


LBL C  (For DM41X and DM42 : LBL "TBM")
XEQ A  (XEQ "AA")
RCL C  (RCL 03)
1
-
STO C (STO 03)
X≠0?
GTO C (GTO "TBM")
RTN

For multiple loops store a Loop Count in C (or in Register 03)

(1000 STO C) and then XEQ C

For single loop (slow calculator) simply XEQ A

Result is the time to complete the loop(s) and deliver the answer 0.264577

Performance Index is calculated as

Loops x 34 / Time

For 1000 loops in 13 seconds:

1000 x 34 / 13 = 2615.38

Results

Date	Calculator	Serial No	Loops	Time	Performance Index	Comments	Result
22/11/23	DM42	06434	1000	8 sec	4250	USB Power
22/11/23	DM32	00812	1000	13 sec	2615	f/w : 2.06	0.26457749818
22/11/23	DM42	06434	1000	21 sec	1619	Battery Power	0.26457749818
21/09/24	DM15L *	21350	1000	42.8 sec	794	3rd Party Firmware : LF15C_beta240921	0.26457749817596
21/09/24	DM15L *	21350	100	4.5 sec	756	3rd Party Firmware : LF15C_beta240921	0.26457749817596
22/11/23	DM41X	01266	20	6 sec	113	FAST mode / USB
09/05/24	DM42 *	06434	30	9.6 sec	106	3rd Party Firmware : C47 00.109.01.03a2
22/11/23	DM15L	21350	10	12 sec	28	48MHz	0.264577498
22/11/23	DM41X	01266	10	10 sec	24	FAST mode / Battery	0.264577498
22/11/23	HP35S	PHA9150KFF	5	25 sec	6.8
22/11/23	DM15L	21350	10	54 sec	6.3	12MHz	0.264577498
22/11/23	DM41X	01266	10	118 sec	2.8	SLOW mode/ Battery
22/11/23	HP11C	2219A03710	1	21 sec	1.6

Fingerprinting

Each calculator handles the calculation of functions (SIN, COS etc) differently - different algorithms, different degrees of precision etc.

One way of spotting similar underlying hard/firmware is to carry out a fixed chained calculation on each calculator and to observe the result.

One common test is a sequence of SIN COS TAN ATAN ACOS ASIN on a relatively low starting number - such as 9

9SINCOSTANATANACOSASIN gives a number (hopefully) very close to the starting value of 9 - and the variance from 9 is a fingerprint that can be used to spot similarities between different models.

Calculator	Displayed Result ³⁾	Error (Result - 9)	Firmware
HP11C	9.000417403	4.17403e-4
DM15L	9.000417403	4.17403e-4	DM15_32
DM41X	9.000417403	4.17403e-4	2.1
DM41L	9.000417403	4.17403e-4	DM41_32
HP35S	8.99999986001	-1.3999e-7
DM15L *	8.99999999983416	-1.65842e-10	3rd party LF15C_beta240916 17/09/24
DM42	9.00000000000	-6.2466e-29	DM42 3.22 / Free42 3.0.15
DM32	9.00000000000	-6.2466e-29	2.06

I also found a different version of the same idea at https://tangentsoft.com/rpn/wiki?name=Ballpark+Accuracy#results

Instead of subtracting 9 from the result this test divides the result by 9 and then finds the LOG₁₀ of this fractional error

9SINCOSTANATANACOSASIN 9 / LOG

Here are some of these results

Calculator	Displayed Result	Error=(Result / 9)	Log₁₀(Error)	Comments
DM41X	9.000417403	1.000046378	2.0141242e-05	f/w 2.3
DM41L	9.000417403	1.000046378	2.0141242e-05	f/w DM41_34
DM15L*	8.99999999983416	0.999999999981573	-8.0027125631e-12	3rd Party F/W LF15C_250408
DM42	9.00000000000	1.00000000000	3.01430771055e-30	DM42 3.26 / Free42 3.3.10
DM32	9.00000000000	1.00000000000	3.01430771055e-30	DM32 2.11

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 07:58:36 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 14/04/26 14:35 BST

Further Information

calculator

¹⁾

versus HP9100 : 679

²⁾

versus HP9100 : 40

³⁾

at max. display resolution

Icom IC-M710

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Icom IC-M710

Repairs / Mods

2023 : No Transmit Output Power.

Receive functions normally
trace to - pre-drive TX buffer amp transistor - Q1 Main PCB
- No Drive to PA from Main Board
- TX signal present at base of Q1 but no signal at collector
- Q1 2SC4673 sourced from eBay https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/322993473692
- 07/02/23 : Replaced Q1 and full transmit power restored.

Remote Control

Python module for netradio

Some functions aren't needed for receive only, and should be removed (ptt_on ptt_off etc.). This module originally came from another project (not “object oriented”) and I had to add lots of self statements to the needed functions, ignoring the ones not used for “netradio”. I'll trim it, later, if I remember.

m710.py code

m710.py

'''
Python NMEA Radio Functions module for Icom IC-M710 Marine HF SSB Transceiver
 
    Copyright (C) 2015  John Pumford-Green
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
 
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
'''
 
# serial port for Icom IC-M710 Rig Control
 
import serial
import threading
import time
version = "v0.1"
 
sport = '/dev/ttyUSB0'
sbaud = 4800
 
#ser = serial.Serial(sport, 4800, timeout=1)
lock = threading.Lock()
 
# NMEA Codes
preamble = "$PICOA,"
controller = "90"
radio = "01" 
cr = "\x0d"
lf = "\x0a"
 
 
# Commands are sent as NMEA private sentences:
#
# $PICOA,controller_id,radio_id,command,<parameter>,*HH<CR><LF>
#
# where HH is the 2 digit ECC value below:
#
# The protocol document states that for messages FROM the controller TO the radio
# the ECC bytes are optional, and may be omitted. This appears to be false information, and
# the ECC bytes seem to be necessary.
#
# The ECC checksum, is a two-digit hex value found by XORing the hex values of the characters 
# between "$" and "*" (but not including the $ or *)
#
# The first part of the message is always:
# "PICOA,90,01," and this has an XOR value of (decimal) 112
# we then XOR this with each character's decimal ASCII value, in the required command
# and convert the result to a 2-digit hex value
#
 
class m710(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=0.1)
        self.model = model
        print "model", model
 
 
    def get_ecc(self,command):
        ecc = 112
        for c in command:
            ecc = ord(c) ^ ecc
        hecc = '{0:02x}'.format(int(ecc))
 
        return hecc
 
# we must force the radio into "Remote" mode before sending any other commands.    
    def remote_on(self):
        command = "REMOTE,ON"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return self.remote_on()
 
 
 
# we can leave the radio in "Remote" mode for as long as we want to control it remotely
# but we must close the "Remote" mode when finished. The previous radio settings (channel/power etc) are
# restored after Remote mode is closed.
    def remote_off(self):
        command = "REMOTE,OFF"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr) 
        if result:
            #ser.close()
            return
        else:
            return self.remote_off()
 
 
    def ptt_on():
        command = "TRX,TX"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return ptt_on()
 
    def ptt_off():
        command = "TRX,RX"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return ptt_off()
 
 
 
    def get_freq(self):
        fkhz = self.get_rxfreq()
        #fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
        return fkhz
 
    def set_freq(self,freq):
 
        self.set_rxfreq(freq)
        self.set_txfreq(freq)
        return "Set freq success"
 
    def get_rxfreq(self):
        command = "RXF"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            f = list[4].split("*")[0]
            fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
            return fkhz
        else:
            return self.get_rxfreq()
 
 
    def get_txfreq(self):
        command = "TXF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            f = list[4].split("*")[0]
            fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
            return fkhz
        else:
            return self.get_txfreq()
 
 
    def get_mode(self):
        command = "MODE"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            mode = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return mode
        else:
            return self.get_mode()
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self,mode):
        mode = mode.upper()
        command = "MODE,"+mode
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
 
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        print "in set_mode with ", sendStr
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_mode(mode)
 
 
    def set_rxfreq(self,freq):
 
        fmhz = float(freq) / 1000
        f = str(fmhz)
 
        command = "RXF,"+f
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_rxfreq(freq)
 
 
    def set_txfreq(self,freq):
 
        fmhz = float(freq) / 1000
        f = str(fmhz)
 
        command = "TXF,"+f
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_txfreq(freq)
 
    def get_txpower():
        command = "TXP"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            power = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return power
        else:
            return get_txpower()
 
    def set_txpower(p):
        command = "TXP,"+p
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_txpower(p)
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        command = "SIGM"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            smeter = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return smeter
        else:
            return self.get_smeter()
 
    def speaker_on():
        command = "SP,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return speaker_on()
 
 
    def speaker_off():
        command = "SP,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return speaker_off()
 
    def sql_on():
        command = "SQLC,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return sql_on()
 
    def sql_off():
        command = "SQLC,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return sql_off()
 
    def nb_on():
        command = "NB,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return nb_on()
 
    def nb_off():
        command = "NB,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return nb_off()
 
    def dim_on():
        command = "DIM,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return dim_on()
 
    def dim_off():
        command = "DIM,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return dim_off()
 
    def agc_on():
        command = "AGC,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return agc_on()
 
    def agc_off():
        command = "AGC,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return agc_off()
 
    def get_vol():
        command = "AFG"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            vol = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return vol
        else:
            return get_vol()
 
 
 
    def set_vol(v):
        command = "AFG,"+v
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_vol(v)
 
    def get_rfg():
        command = "RFG"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            rf = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return rf
        else:
            return get_rfg()
 
    def get_att(self):
        return
 
    def get_pre(self):
        return
 
    def set_rfg(v):
        command = "RFG,"+v
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_rfg(v)
 
    # The message FROM the radio may be corrupted so we do a check on the received ECC versus our calculated cECC
    # from the received characters - which are everything AFTER the "$" and BEFORE the "*"
    #
    # starting the ECC calculation at message[1] ignores the "$" and we iterate through the message XORing each 
    # character's ASCII (decimal) value until we have the final cECC which is converted by formatting it
    # into a two-digit hex value. This is then compared to the received (rECC) value from the radio's message. 
    # If they match the message is acceptable and check_ecc() returns True to tx_rx(), 
    # otherwise check_ecc() function returns "False" to tx_rx()
    # the True/False value is tested in tx_rx(). 
    # If True then tx_rx() returns the incoming string to the calling function
    # otherwise it returns "False". 
    # The calling function then checkS the boolean state of the returned value. 
    # If True (ie it has the radio's message and the ECC was good) the message 
    # is sent back to the client. 
    # If False the function calls itself again, and attempts to get an error-free reply from the radio, via tx_rx()
 
    def check_ecc(self,message, recc):
        i = 1
        cecc = 0
 
        while i < len(message):
            cecc = ord(message[i]) ^ cecc
            i += 1  
 
        cecc = '{0:02x}'.format(int(cecc))  
 
        if cecc == recc:   
            return True
        else: 
            return False
 
    def tx_rx(self,sendStr):
        print "in tx_rx, sendStr =  " , sendStr
        lock.acquire()
 
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
        time.sleep(0.1)
        result = self.ser.readline()
 
        print result
        reply = result.split("*")
        ecc = reply[1][0:2].lower()
        message = reply[0]
        lock.release()
 
        if self.check_ecc(message, ecc):
            return result
        else:
            return False
 
 
 
 
 
#

Documentation

Page Info

Page created Tue May 24 23:59:35 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

radio, icm710

CW - 2023

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 06 Jun 2026 21:16:55 +0000

←Radio Topics

CW - 2023

CW always was my main mode of operation

I've spent a lot of time with Digimodes (mainly on 60m) and recently even tried SSB on the HF bands (and might use SSB more often in future) but CW is really where I feel happiest. For a long time it was my only mode of operation on HF. Even now, at times when I'm out of practice, and my sending gets a bit wobbly, I feel comfortable with CW. There's something magical about communicating over the airwaves without speaking, without typing, just using a series of dits and dahs controlled by your own hand and turned from sound into meaning in your own brain.

When I started my current (Summer 2023) resurgence of interest in radio I thought I'd push myself to use SSB, to speak to people, and this would be the “novelty” I was looking for to kick start my interest in the hobby.

After a few weeks of getting things up and running I find I'm gravitating towards the CW end of the bands again, I've wired up all my keys, including my Vibroplex bug which has seen very little use on the air since I bought it. I did use it a few times in 2021 during a previous spell of on-air activity, but I let it lie dormant for the next 2 years, until NOW.

Let the CW-fest begin.

Current Setup

Vibroplex “Presentation” bug : Serial No 198474, Plate “Patented 833 Broadway” (D6 Plate). The Serial Number list ww7p-serial-number-list.pdf indicates 1957
Hi-Mound HK-708 (the same one I've had since 1982)
GPO brass key
“Russian army” key
Vibroplex “Champion” bug : Serial No 211617, Plate “Patented 833 Broadway” (D6 Plate), date 1960

Icom IC-7200 main HF radio
Icom IC-706 second HF

Plans

No Iambic/electronic keyers

I enjoy straight key sending and have occasionally used my Vibroplex on the air for faster QSOs than I'm able to manage with a straight key. The bug is taking some time to feel comfortable, and all I can do is practice, practice and more practice.

I'll try to do most of my QSOs on the bug, currently set at 18wpm (according to my spots on RBN) which is a comfortable speed for me at the moment, both for sending and receiving. I had my first “new” CW QSO using the bug today (June 12th) on 40m with Lada, OK2PAY who I remember working before, some years ago. In fact here's a video of the QSO on my You Tube OK2PAY 30m CW - the QSO was 16 July 2016 on 30m…. wow, 7 years ago!

I've re-joined the FISTS CW club with my old member number 17686 - and I see my SKCC old membership number is still listed as 3214. I'll try to take part in more activities by these clubs.

Have QSOs → rag-chews, rubber-stamp, all sorts…..

I hope to get enough air-time and enjoyment that perhaps I can justify a new key or even a new bug (I have been looking in wonder at the Begali Intrepid )……

Update 23/6/23 : New (to me) bug…. 1960 Vibroplex Champion from eBay Vibroplex Champion Bug

Receive Practice

One of my favourite sources of material for “head copy” practice is the ARRL's Code Practice Archive

http://www.arrl.org/code-practice-files

Here you can download MP3 files of their Code Practice recordings, which are extracts from QST magazine, sent at various speeds from 5 wpm to 40 wpm.

I have put a lot of the 25, 30, 35 and 40 wpm files on a USB stick to play in the van and on my phone to play whenever/wherever.

I find it is good to just let the CW flow and to grasp as much as you can, in bursts, and then let the “meaning” sink in - even when you miss the odd letter or word. In “conversational” CW it's best to let go of mistakes and just concentrate on making sense of what you're hearing. Exact “carbon copy” is only needed for formal messages (telegrams, RAYNET etc). Just letting the CW flow in through the ears and the “meaning” of the message condense in your brain makes you feel more comfortable about glitches and missing parts. In a QSO nobody is going to know how much you actually copied, as long as you get the important bits - name, QTH etc - which are usually sent more than once. If you don't respond to a question (because you missed it being asked) they can always ask again, and assume you just forgot. The key is to not care too much about 100% accurate copy, and the more you have QSOs, the easier it becomes and the more you copy, a virtuous circle.

— John Pumford-Green 12/06/23 13:22

Further Information

The Art and Skill of Radio Telegraphy : tasrt.pdf
Articles by Tom McElroy (thanks to Ian IK4EWX)

radio, cw

QRSS MEPT

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 15:39:55 +0000

←Arduino Projects

QRSS MEPT

I started work on my small QRSS MEPT idea with a simple Arduino / SI5351 / 16×2 LCD arrangement. The LCD is only there because I found this breadboard setup already with Seeeduino Nano, SI5351 and LCD in my box of “Arduino Project bits” - from a previous experiment - and I thought I'd keep it for the time being as a display to help in debugging (?). Once the MEPT is functional and ready for operation I'll remove the LCD (and its code from the sketch)

Step one

modify an old sketch & strip out un-needed code until I had a simple carrier generator
add function to vary the frequency in a stepped-ramp sequence to check operation
add functions to make dits and dahs and spaces of appropriate lengths
add function to send a callsign/message explicitly entered as a series of calls to dah(), dit() and space() and run it from loop()
add code to light an onboard LED during “key-down”
add code to show operating frequency and the letters of the callsign as they're sent on the LCD

I monitored the SI5351 output on my normal 30m grabber - there's enough radiation direct from the SI5351 board to make a trace on the waterfall.

The sketch

Click to read / hide

#include <rgb_lcd.h>
#include <si5351.h>
 
char version[] = "v0.1";
 
 
 
volatile long shift_hz = 0;
int count = 0;
int dit_time = 6000;
 
volatile long freq = 10139780;  //      
 
int digit0 = 0;
int digit1 = 0;
int digit2 = 0;
int digit3 = 0;
int digit4 = 0;   
int digit5 = 0;
int digit6 = 0;
int digit7 = 0;
 
 
 
// Instantiate the Objects
rgb_lcd lcd;
Si5351 si5351;
 
void setup()
{
 
  // Initialize the display
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
 
  lcd.cursor();
 
  // Initialize the Si5351
  si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, 0);
  si5351.set_correction(-37500, SI5351_PLL_INPUT_XO);
  si5351.set_pll(SI5351_PLL_FIXED, SI5351_PLLA);
  si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
 
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
  // Update display and send start frequency
 
    SendFrequency();    
    digit0 = (freq%10);
    digit1 = ((freq/10)%10);
    digit2 = ((freq/100)%10);
    digit3 = ((freq/1000)%10);   
    digit4 = ((freq/10000)%10);
    digit5 = ((freq/100000)%10);
    digit6 = ((freq/1000000)%10);
    digit7 = ((freq/10000000)%10);
 
    UpdateDisplay();
 
}
 
 
void loop()
{
 
// SendRamp();
SendCall();
// SendRamp();
 
}
 
 
void SendCall() {
 
  space();
 
  dah();
  dah();
  dit();
  lcd.setCursor(5,1);
  lcd.print("G");
  space();
 
 
  dah();
  dah();
  lcd.setCursor(6,1);
  lcd.print("M");
  space();
 
 
  dit();
  dit();
  dit();
  dit();
  dah();
  lcd.setCursor(7,1);
  lcd.print("4");
  space();
 
  dit();
  dit();
  dit();
  lcd.setCursor(8,1);
  lcd.print("S");
  space();
 
  dit();
  dah();
  dit();
  dit();
  lcd.setCursor(9,1);
  lcd.print("L");
  space();
 
  dit();
  dit();
  dit();
  dah();
  lcd.setCursor(10,1);
  lcd.print("V");
  space();
 
  space();
 
 
}
 
 
void space() {
  shift_hz = 0;
  SendFrequency();
  delay(dit_time * 2);
}
 
void dah() {
  shift_hz = 4;
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  SendFrequency();
  delay(dit_time * 3);
  shift_hz = 0;
  SendFrequency();
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(dit_time);
 
}
 
void dit() {
  shift_hz = 4;
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  SendFrequency();
  delay(dit_time);
  shift_hz = 0;
  SendFrequency();
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(dit_time);
 
}
 
void SendRamp() {
 
 shift_hz = 0;
 while ( shift_hz < 6 ) {
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
 SendFrequency();
   shift_hz++;
   delay(2000);
   SendFrequency();
 }
   shift_hz = 0;
   SendFrequency(); 
   delay (dit_time * 2);
 
   digitalWrite(13, LOW);
}
 
void UpdateDisplay()
{
 
 
 
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print(digit7);
  lcd.setCursor(1,0);
  lcd.print(digit6);
  lcd.setCursor(2,0);
  lcd.print(",");
  lcd.setCursor(3,0);
  lcd.print(digit5);
  lcd.setCursor(4,0);
  lcd.print(digit4);
  lcd.setCursor(5,0);
  lcd.print(digit3);
  lcd.setCursor(6,0);
  lcd.print(".");
  lcd.setCursor(7,0);  
  lcd.print(digit2);
  lcd.setCursor(8,0);
  lcd.print(digit1);
  lcd.setCursor(9,0);
  lcd.print(digit0);
  lcd.setCursor(10,0);
  lcd.print("Hz");
 
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
 
  lcd.print("QRSS");
 
  lcd.setCursor(12,1);
  lcd.print(version);
 
}
 
void SendFrequency()
{
 
  si5351.set_freq(((freq + shift_hz) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);     // VFO
 
}

Step Two

The next step will be to build a small TX PA to boost the SI5351 output up to around 1W and a LPF. I'll add a PTT line to key the PA, driven from the Arduino so that the sketch can have periods of carrier off between cycles if necessary. 1W should be enough power and should be simple enough to generate. I might have a go at a Class-E MOSFET amplifier.

Test Amp

I found a 30m PA strip from a previous project that produces about 6W from < 10mV drive, with 3 class-A bipolar driver stages feeding an IRF510 MOSFET - originally intended as a linear amplifier.

I've played with the supply volts and the MOSFET bias and can comfortably get up to 3W carrier with 8V supply. It's not terribly efficient but at QRP levels that's hardly relevant.

I've got it connected to the Ardiuno/Si5351 and it's on the air running 1W.

I'll use this amp as a blueprint for a new PA for the MEPT, perhaps with fewer stages as I don't need so much gain or linearity.

I've seen it on grabbers around Europe

Grabber results at 1W

At 1533z I reduced power to around 200mW

Grabber Results at 200mW

Stretch Goals

Add a function to generate “Slow FSK Hell” to make waterfall-readable text - see the image of GM4GHK below
Add DFCW
Add a “normal-speed CW ident” for cases where it might make sense (?)

Further Information

Page created : 12/07/26 07:40 BST

Page updated : 01/01/70 01:00 BST

radio, qrss, arduino, mept

Make It Tea

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:36:21 +0000

Make It Tea

The Blog...

My random thoughts on topics and projects that I'm currently thinking about, or doing, or thinking about doing…

The Make It Tea Blog

2026:
- April
- June
- July

9 Post(s) for July 2026

Arduino Project	10/07/26 23:15 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, arduino, qrss, homebrew
Soldersmoke	10/07/26 22:40 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, soldersmoke, podcast
Shack To Makerspace	09/07/26 22:40 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, shack
Some QRSS Grabs	09/07/26 13:08 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, qrss, qmx, grabber
QRSS	08/07/26 11:33 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, qrss, qrp, qmx, knightsqrss
QMX Two Way QSO	06/07/26 11:17 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, qmx, qrp, cw
Radio Clubs	05/07/26 17:08 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, radio club, q-qrp-c, fists, cw
Antenna Changes	05/07/26 08:52 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, antenna, qrp
Radio Update - QRP etc	02/07/26 10:05 BST	John Pumford-Green	radio, cw, qrp, qmx

Comments

Any active discussions & comments on Blog posts will appear here…

The Wiki...

Pages with information and notes to help me remember things. Some of it might be useful to other people. Or not.

Use the sidebar navigation to find the area of interest….

The Full Site Index Category Index

Newest Wiki Pages

Page	Date	Tags
QRSS MEPT	12/07/26 07:54 BST	radio, qrss, arduino, mept
60m Transceiver	11/07/26 10:09 BST	radio, arduino
Arduino Projects	11/07/26 09:54 BST	radio, arduino
QRSS	08/07/26 12:06 BST	radio, qrss, 30m, qmx, grabber
QRP Labs QMX	02/07/26 10:16 BST	radio, qmx

The QRSS Grabber...

https://g4slv.info

The Tag List...

10m(3) 11m(2) 30m(1) 4m(2) 60m(1) 6502(7) allstar(15) antenna(1) antix(1) apache(3) aprs(4) ar7030(1) arduino(4) assembly(2) automount(1) backup(1) bike(4) blog(2) bug(2) cadet(1) calculator(43) casio(1) cb(2) computer(6) cosc(1) cw(8) damasko(6) dbus(1) desk15(1) diary(4) dm15l(7) dm16l(2) dm32(5) dm41l(3) dm41x(16) dm42(2) dmr(9) dokuwiki(9) dsc(1) dv(5) dvswitch(7) echolink(9) fediverse(1) fists(1) fldigi(1) fm1100(2) freebsd(1) ft2980(1) ft3d(1) ft60(1) ft891(1) g90(1) github(2) grabber(2) gshock(1) hf(1) homebrew(1) hp11c(2) hp35s(2) html(1) iax_rpt(1) ic706(1) ic7200(1) icm710(1) icr75(1) joy(1) k2(1) key(2) knightsqrss(1) landie(5) lf15c(2) linux(16) lowband(1) makeittea(1) mastodon(2) mb7aze(4) mediawiki(2) mept(1) mmdvm(1) monobook(1) music(2) mysql(1) ndb(1) network(1) nrn(1) nxdn(2) openwebrx(1) peertube(1) photography(1) pi(11) pistar(2) podcast(1) prepping(1) pure(2) python(4) q-qrp-c(1) qcx(1) qmx(6) qrp(4) qrss(5) radio(89) radio_club(1) rolex(1) sdr(1) selcall(1) shack(1) soldersmoke(1) ss9900(1) ssb(1) ssh(1) ssl(4) startx(1) stationery(1) svxlink(10) swl(1) th-d72(1) thd72(1) thunar(1) tm-d710(1) tmd710(1) tmux(1) trek(3) twitter(1) unison(2) vhf(1) vps(4) watch(12) xgate(2) yaddnet(5) ysf(2)

Radio

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 05 Jul 2026 15:48:32 +0000

←Public Area

Radio

Location

Shetland Isles
IOTA : EU-012, Shetland Mainland
WAB : HU35
LOC : IP90GG

Memberships

G-QRP : 2377
SKCC : 3214
QRP-ARCI : 12384
Bug Users Group : 318
Fists : 17686

Additional items

File Downloads

My MF/HF DSC Guide, never fully complete…. mf_and_hf_dscguide.pdf
60m Band Utilization Chart (G3NRW) uk_60m_5_mhz_band_utilization_chart_band_plan_by_g3nrw.pdf
Macros for Fldigi macros.mdf
Fldigi Rig XML file for IC-7200 pjh-ic7200.xml
Example bash script to control audio drive (power control) for fldigi macros50w.sh

External Links

Page Updated : 05/07/26 16:48 BST

radio

DM41X HP16C Module

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 16:15:00 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X HP16C Module

Keyboard Overlay

Background

The HP16C Programmer's Calculator is made for manipulating numbers in Binary/Octal/Hexadecimal/Decimal to help with programming and other areas that rely on the nitty-gritty of bit-twiddling.

Swiss Micros make a modern hardware emulation (similar in form to the DM15L I already own) but rather than adding another calculator to my (growing) collection I found there is a ROM/Module method to add all (and more) the same features to the DM41X (and presumably the HP41, if you can find a hardware ROM plugin with it).

I occasionally need to do some conversions/calculations into Hex and Binary (thinking of TCP/IP networking, subnet masks etc. or perhaps debugging RS232 serial data, or when writing rig control software?) and being able to do everything on the DM41X (along with the Complex Number module) means the DM41X will become even more useful day-to-day.

The manual for the HP16C Module hp_16c_emulator_manual.pdf

The versions of modules I'm using : hp-16c_rev.1a.zip

The HP16C

The HP16C Manual : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp16c-oh-en.pdf

The DM16L

https://www.swissmicros.com/product/dm16l

I bought a DM16L in August 2022

Basic Operation

Like the 41Z Complex Number module, a USER keyboard assignment is made to a trigger command which then automagically re-maps the whole keyboard for one command, then it reverts to normal. A mental image of the re-mapped keyboard starts to develop with use, making operation easier with time.

I've assigned the LN key to the trigger command 16C for the USER keyboard

SHIFT ASN ALPHA SHIFT 1 SHIFT 6 C ALPHA LN

User Keyboard comments

With USER keyboard active I generally won't miss the loss of LN as I rarely use it.

If I do need LN I can simply turn off the USER keyboard.

The same applies for using the ∑+ key for entering Statistical Data - it's assigned to the Complex Keyboard trigger ΣZL.

I won't ever be using statistics at the same time as complex numbers (or HP16C functions).

The USER keyboard can generally remain active all the time except when I want to do statistics or calculate a natural logarithm. Two easy sacrificed keys. Are there others I can do without for additional assignments to frequently used functions or modules?

I've noticed that it's possible to assign the 16C command to the ∑+ key.

This allows a single key to be used both to trigger 16C mode, and then to trigger input mode 16NPT.

It means less hopping around.

The ∑+ key is doing double duty but ∑+ ∑+ seems a little more user friendly than LN∑+ for inputting numbers.

SHIFT ASN ALPHA SHIFT 1 SHIFT 6 C ALPHA ∑+

16KEYS?

16KEYS? info

I played with the LADYBUG module recently ( see DM41X Ladybug Module ) and enjoyed the more “immediate” keyboard input - with the whole keyboard re-mapped while using the module (in “INTEGER” mode). No need to preface each instruction with a trigger to enable the special keyboard for one command at a time.

I found that the HP16C Module can be switched to “full-time” 16KEYS mode too….

You need to get to the ∑BITS launcher and then select Y (for 16KEYS) and answer Y or N.

The 16KEYS function can't be reached any other way, that I've found. The simplest way is to use the DM41X CST menu to run the 16C ∑MOD launcher, then press SHIFT to switch to the ∑BITS launcher, then select Y (for 16KEYS).

You'll need to enable USER key mode, and then the 16C module can be used without the the need to trigger every command with 16C (normally ASN'd to LN key).

You still need to use 16NPT to input numbers (this is mapped to the A (∑+) key. Otherwise most things are just more intuitive. No need to use 16C before an arithmetic operation like + or - etc.

Example

Switch to BIN view

B

Enter a binary number 10111011

16NPT10111011ENTER

Convert to HEX

E

H: bb

Convert to DEC

D

d: 187

Enter a Decimal Number 23

16NPT23ENTER

d : 23

Add them

+

d: 210

Convert to BIN

B

b: 11010010

Much more intuitive….

Select the Base

USER keyboard active.

16C is USER assigned to LN - referred to as 16C hereafter.

I'll use the alpha letter for the top-row keys to describe them for Base Selection

16C B = BINARY

16C C = OCTAL

16C D = DECIMAL

16C E = HEX

Enter a number

HEX

Enter HEX value 5F

Use the 16NPT function which lives on the Σ+ button (it switches from the complex assigned ΣZL to 16NPT when the 16C is invoked)

16C E (to get into HEX mode)

16C 16NPT 5 F ENTER

Convert to BIN

16C B gives 1011111

Enter a new BIN number

16C 16NPT (i.e. Σ+) 1101100 ENTER

Add them together

16C + gives 11001011

Convert to HEX

16C E gives Cb

Convert to DEC

16C D gives 203

always enter numbers with 16C 16NPT the number ENTER

always use the 16 versions of mathematical functions

16C +

16C X

etc.

NOT, OR, AND, XOR

These are on shifted (and triggered with 16C) math keys:

- = NOT

+ = OR

x = AND

÷ = XOR

Example, in binary….

AND two numbers:

11011101 AND 10001001 →

16C B (to get into Binary mode if needed)

16C 16NPT 11011101 ENTER

16C 16NPT 10001001 ENTER

16C SHIFT X gives 10001001

In HEX…. XOR →

16C E (to get into HEX)

16C 16NPT BEEF ENTER (first number) (make sure at least 16-bit word size for this example Word Size

16C 16NPT CAFE ENTER (second number)

16C SHIFT ÷ (XOR) gives 7411

Convert answer to DEC

16C D gives 29713

Convert answer to BIN

16C B gives a long string of 1 and 0 that scroll across the screen…

Window

View the long BIN number using a WINDOW to look at 8 bits at a time…

16C SHIFT R/S

This asks WINDOW _ and enter 0 for the 1^st (MSB) 8 bits:

W0: 11101000:b

Scroll to sequential WINDOW slices with + and - →

+ →

W1: 0010001:b

+ →

W2: :b

The full 16-bit number is therefore:

111010000010001

Setting Word Size and negative number convention

The word size can be up to 64 bits. In general most stuff is 4, 8 or 16 bits wide, so you can set the size of the binary number in the ∑MOD launcher:

16C USR (one of several different ways of getting to ∑MOD)

16KEYS methods

There is then a choice of settings

B:O:D:H:F - 0: 1:2:W:S:?

The first four can set the mode to Binary, Octal, Decimal, Float.

0 sets UNSIGNED integers
1 sets ONE'S COMPLEMENT
2 sets TWO'S COMPLEMENT

Word size is checked with S

Word size is set with W then enter (eg) 16 to set 16-bit words.

Word Size can also be set directly from a 16C keyboard function 16WSZ accessed via 16C SHIFT 5 rather than via the ∑MOD menu/launcher

? displays the current settings (press ? then quickly press and hold it to read the displayed info)

0c - 16 - DEC

This means unsigned integers, 16-bit words, DECIMAL mode.

Other Launchers

Lots of functions are available in launcher sub-menus, eg a menu of rotate functions, or shift functions.

The various launchers are available cyclically via the 16C XEQ along with SHIFT and A

Some trial and error is needed to find what you want, but it starts:

16C XEQ → R: L LN RN R which is a menu to do bit-rotations.

Rotate 1-bit Left by pressing top-row button B

Rotate N-bits left with top-row button C (and enter the number of bits)

Rotate N-bits Right with top-row button D (and enter the number of bits)

Rotate 1-bit Right with top-row button E.

From the R menu:

A give the S: L LN RN R menu to SHIFT bits Left or Right

From the S menu:

XEQ gives ∑R : …………………. which gives lots of options to do things rightwards with the bits. list them

This goes on via XEQ and SHIFT (ORANGE button) to access several menu launchers. Trial and Error and muscle memory.

A brief map/list of launchers

16CXEQ → ∑ROT

∑ROT → XEQ → ∑LEFT → XEQ → ∑MOD → XEQ → ∑ROT

∑ROT → A → ∑SHF

∑SHF → XEQ → ∑RIGHT → XEQ → ∑BIT → XEQ → ∑SHF

∑LEFT ↔ SHIFT ↔ ∑RIGHT

∑MOD ↔ SHIFT ↔ ∑BIT

∑SHF ↔ SHIFT ↔ S“:

∑ROT ↔ SHIFT ↔ RC:

Registers etc

Numbers can be saved in 16C registers via 16C STO NN

e.g. save a subnet mask of 11111100 into 16C REG 00 (i.e. the last octet of a /30 network 255.255.255.252)

16C B (go to BINARY mode)

16C 16NPT 11111100 ENTER 16C STO 00

Use the stored value

What is 123 AND MASK ? (what's the network base number for host address of 123 using a netmask of 252?)

16C D (decimal so you can enter 123 rather than a BINARY number)

16C 16NPT 123 ENTER

recall mask (it doesn't matter that it was initially stored as a BINARY number, it's displayed in whatever base you are currently using)

16C RCL 00

AND them

16C SHIFT x

answer is 120

The MASK is still in 16-Register 00 if needed again….

Net address of a host with address 43?

16C D

16C 16NPT 43 ENTER

16C RCL 00

16C SHIFT x

answer : 40

xxx.xxx.xxx.43 has a network address of xxx.xxx.xxx.40

Most Used Functions

16C = LN (i.e. E on top-row)

16NPT = ∑+ (i.e. A on top-row, must be triggered with 16C) ²⁾

16C 16NPT type in a number ENTER (enter a number in whatever base is currently selected)

BIN OCT DEC HEX = 16C then one of top-row buttons B, C, D, E (select the required base)

∑MOD = 16C USR …. or 16C SHIFT 2 (open a settings menu to set the choice of mode/word/signed)

NOT / OR / AND / XOR = 16C SHIFT then one of - + x ÷ (logic functions)

RL / RR = 16C then one of SIN or COS (rotate Left or Right 1-bit)

RLN / RRN = 16C SHIFT then one of SIN or COS (rotate Left or Right N-bits _ _)

SLN = 16C TAN (shift Left N-bits _ _)

SRN = 16C SHIFT TAN (shift Right N-bits _ _)

Sb = 16C SHIFT 7 (set a bit _ _)

Cb = 16C SHIFT 8 (clear a bit _ _)

B? = 16C SHIFT 9 (is a bit _ _ set or not?)

#BITS = 16C SHIFT ∑+ (i.e. A on top-row) (how many bits are high?)

See Keyboard Overlay Pic above for more hints on 16C key assignments

EVERYTHING STARTS WITH ''16C''

It is recommended to change the assigned key occasionally to prevent wearing it out…..

DM41X Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 14 Feb 2026 11:19:28 +0000

←Programs

DM41X Progs

DM41x RAW

HP Maths Benchmark	bm.raw
HP Trig Benchmark	bmt.raw
8-Queens Benchmark	nqu.raw
Savage Benchmark	svg.raw
Memo - as below - uses ascii file name “SITES” instead of “MEMO”	memo.raw
TR - from HP41cx User guide vol. 2	tr.raw
Sigma - from HP41cx User guide vol.2	sigma.raw

Using Solve and Integrate together

from HP343C handbook
DM41X version uses SOLVE and INTEG from Advantage Pac

Create a MYSOLVE wrapper that handles putting the correct SOLVE program name in ALPHA etc
Create the program that is to be solved and which has as it's function an integral
Create the program that defines the integral

MYSOLVE

LBL ¬MYSOLVE
¬MOD                    // the label of the program to be solved is put in ALPHA
SOLVE                   // we XEQ SOLVE (the Advantage Pac solver)
RTN

Solve : MOD

The program to be solved

LBL ¬MOD
¬BESSEL           // We put the name of the program with the integral in ALPHA
STO 00            // We store our current guess for X in R 00 to be accessible by the integral finction
0                 // put upper and lower limits for the integration in Y and X
PI
INTEG             // xeq INTEG from Advantage Pac
ABS               // our current guess, make it positive
X<=Y?             // Y has the Integration's estimate of accuracy - we use this to limit our search
ClX               // if our guess has returned a value from the integral that's less than the inherent accuracy then that's GOOD ENOUGH, we set X to zero and SOLVE completes     
X≠0?              // if we still don't have zero we put back the last guess and SOLVE continues
LastX
RTN

Integral : BESSEL

LBL ¬BESSEL
SIN
RCL 00
*
COS
PI
/
RTN

Running it

MYSOLVE sets up the ALPHA register with the name of the prog to be solved, so nothing needed in ALPHA at this time
put initial guesses in X and Y
- 1 ENTER 2
try FIX 4
Run MYSOLVE - via XEQ or set up a CST menu item for it

After a few minutes of Goose-flying we get the answer 2.4048

Useful Memo prog

MEMO

By Gary Goodman from HP document collection. Dated 24/3/85

65c22 Timer values

for VIA Tone generator

Needs Ladybug module

The required count is calculated from Φ₂ and the audio frequency required.

Count (decimal)

{ Φ₂ / ( 2 x F ) } - 2

for 1000Hz and a 1MHz Φ₂ :

Count = { 1,000,000 / ( 2 X 1000 ) } - 2 = 498

498d → $01F2

Run as XEQALPHATIALPHA

Prompt F for required audio tone frequency.

Enter freq

R/S

Result is the 2-byte value for T1CL & T1CH

e.g.

XEQALPHATIALPHA

R/S

Result:

$001F2

The Counter should be set to

T1CH = $01
T1CL = $F2

Entered as follows (make sure you're in DECS mode in Ladybug while entering the program - otherwise the 1000000 won't be interpreted correctly). When viewing/editing the program later it will look different!

LBL ¬TI
DECS
WSIZE 20
¬ F
PROMPT
STI 01
1000000
ENTERI
LDI 01
2
x
/
2
-
HEXS
RTN

BFil

Butterworth HPF/LPF Filter designer

LBL ¬BFIL
SF 00
¬MHZ ?
PROMPT
1 E6
*
STO 11
¬N
PROMPT
x<0?
CF 00
STO 10
XEQ 06
LBL 01
RCL 12
INT
XEQ 00
FS? 00
1/x
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 01
¬COEFFICIENTS
FIX 3
STOP
ENG 3
XEQ 06
LBL 02
RCL 12
INT
RCL IND 12
RCL 11
2
*
PI
*
/
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 02
XEQ 06
LBL 03
RCL 12
INT
2
/
FRC
FS? 00
GTO 09
GTO 10
LBL 09
¬HPF
x=0?
GTO 05
GTO 04
RTN
LBL 10
¬LPF
x=0?
GTO 04
GTO 05
RTN
LBL 04
RCL IND 12
50
*
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 03
RTN
LBL 05
RCL IND 12
50
/
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 03
RTN
LBL 06
RCL 10
ABS
1000
/
1
+
STO 12
RTN
LBL 00
2
*
1
-
180
*
RCL 10
ABS
2
*
/
SIN
2
*
RTN
END

Examples

5MHz 5-pole LPF

XEQALPHABFILALPHA

MHZ ?

5 R/S

Order/poles = N

Positive for HPF

Negative for LPF

5 pole LPF = -5

5CHSR/S

COEFFICIENTS
0.618

(at this point you can RCL 01 etc. up to RCL 05 to see the calculated Butterworth Coefficients)

R01 : 0.618
R02 : 1.618
R03 : 2.000
R04 : 1.618
R05 : 0.618

R/S

LPF
393.5 -12

The calculated component values are now in Reg 01 - Reg 05

R01 : 393.5pf
R02 : 2.575uH
R03 : 1.273nF
R04 : 2.575uH
R05 : 393.5pF

1MHz 7 pole HPF

XEQALPHABFILALPHA

MHZ ?

1 R/S

Order/poles = N

Positive for HPF

Negative for LPF

7 pole HPF = 7

7R/S

COEFFICIENTS
2.247

(at this point you can RCL 01 etc. up to RCL 07 to see the calculated Butterworth Coefficients)

R01 : 2.247
R02 : 0.802
R03 : 0.555
R04 : 0.500
R05 : 0.555
R06 : 0.802
R07 : 2.247

R/S

HPF
17.88 -06

The calculated component values are now in Reg 01 - Reg 07

R01 : 17.88uH
R02 : 2.553nF
R03 : 4.416uH
R04 : 1.592nF
R05 : 4.416uH
R06 : 2.553nF
R07 : 17.88uH

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 18:35:00 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 14/02/26 11:19 GMT

— John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 16:07

Further Information

calculator, dm41x

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 12:53:35 +0000

Home

Blog

Make It Tea Blog
- Full Blog List

Wiki

DM41L Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 04 Apr 2026 10:33:16 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM41L Info

Purchase Information

Date : 26 Aug 2024
From : Swiss Micros (Direct)
Price : approx £200
Serial : 05121
Battery Change
- 26/08/24
- 04/04/26

Firmware

cp210x_universal_windows_driver.zip

Date	Serial No.	Firmware	Version	Firmware Files	Firmware Tool
26/08/24	05121	DM41	V32	dm41_32.zip	voyage_firmware_tool.zip
01/02/25	05121	DM41	V33	dm41_33.zip
21/12/25	05121	DM41	V34	dm41_34.zip	Linux, using lpc21isp

RTC

RTC is not capable of calibration/correction?
- Perhaps the HP41CX Time corr. feature works?
- Gather data on inherent time error for a period and then try to change the values via HP41CX functionality

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
23/01/26		+49.6			New Period Start
23/01/26	24/01/26	+50.6	+1.0	+1.0	After 24 hours
23/01/26	26/01/26	+52.8	+1.2	+1.1	After 3 days
23/01/26	27/01/26	+53.6	+1.0	+1.1	After 4 days

Swiss Micros Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/voyager/firmware/
Documentation : Online HTML User Manual
Documentation : PDF Manual
Product Page : DM41L

HP-41CX Owner's Manuals

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org

HP-41CX Owner's Manual Vol. 1 : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-om-vol1-en.pdf
HP-41CX Owner's Manual Vol. 2 : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-om-vol2-en.pdf
HP-41CX Quick Reference Guide : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-qrg-en.pdf

Further Information

calculator, dm41l

Photography

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Miscellany

Photography

I'm still using film… mostly Ilford HP5 black & white

Nikon F60

My film camera, loaded with HP5

Nikon F60
Nikon AF 50mm 1:1.8D Lens

Some snaps

Further Information

photography

Xeigu G90

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Xeigu G90

Documentation

Firmware Upgrade process

Use TeraTerm and “blue USB Serial adaptor”

Set TerraTerm to 115200 8n1 and the appropriate COM port

Plug to Main unit COM port

Hold SPACE and power-on G90
Choose “1. Update F/W”
After “Erase” select F/W file to send in TerraTerm via “File → Transfer → XMODEM → Send
1. check the “1k” box
2. Power off Radio after transfer completes
Move to Front Panel COM port
Hold SPACE and power-on G90 again
repeat process to upgrade front panel
Once complete depower radio.
Wait 5 seconds (remove COM connection)
Power on as normal

Firmware

Date	Firmware Version	Firmware Files	Comments

12/5/23	1.79b03	g90fw_v1.79_fw_v1.79b03_221026.zip	new IF Filter adjust method - not intuitive
12/5/23	1.78b01	g90_fw_v1.78b01-20220119.zip	downgraded - not sure of new Bandwidth method
12/5/23	1.79b03 main / 1.80 display	g90_fw_1.80disp.zip	Display → 1.80 fixes C-IV bugs. Main Unit on 1.79b03. Trying to adapt to new IF bandwidth method
14/5/23	1.78b01	g90_fw_v1.78b01-20220119.zip	Downgraded again, old filter adjustment method much better, but clicks on audio on strong signals
14/5/23	1.77b	xiegu_g90_fw_v1.77b.zip	back to best compromise version (so far)

Manual etc

Date	File
02/04/24	xiegu_g90_user_manual_v4.31_20230607.pdf
02/04/24	cheat-sheet-v1.75-091520.pdf

Page Info

Page created Wed May 25 00:00:02 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

tags

radio, g90

HF APRS Mobile/Portable

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:54:52 +0000

←APRS

HF APRS Mobile/Portable

Initial Thoughts

My plan is to use either of

TinyTrak3 + serial GPS as a one-way tracker
Netbook with direwolf and a USB GPS
1. a tracker
2. xastir for maps etc

Either of these will interface with a Xiegu G90 and some form of mobile whip.

I may use 30m hoping to get packets directly to other iGates in Europe or use 10m and run an iGate on 10m at home. It's all on the drawing board at the moment. It will be interesting to compare local coverage between 30m and 10m as well as seeing how well 30m mobile with a short whip can perform.

Tiny Trak 3

Uses serial GPS to provide position data
Only transmits, no receive/decode
Can transmit VHF (1200bd) or HF (300bd) APRS

HF APRS configuration settings

Date	Config.
April 2023	xxxx

Firmware/Docs

Firmware	tinytrak3_v1.42.zip
User Guide	tinytrak3plus_v1.03.pdf
Configuration Utility	tinytrak3_config_v1.4.6.zip

Test and Setup

First Reception

From aprs.fi - packets being received in Germany at DK4XI

https://aprs.fi/?c=raw&call=GM4SLV-11

2023-04-29 07:47:49 BST: GM4SLV-11>APT311,qAR,DK4XI-30:>John on HF
2023-04-29 07:47:52 BST: GM4SLV-11>V0QWRY,qAR,DK4XI-30:`w5Nl  j/"3x}
2023-04-29 07:52:50 BST: GM4SLV-11>V0QWSP,qAR,DK4XI-30:`w5Nl ^j/"4+}

Mobile Journey #1 on 30m

02/05/23:

using 10m “stinger” mobile whip and G90's internal ATU / 20W
not very encouraging local coverage between mobile and home QTH
large gap in coverage - journey actually went to Lerwick and back….
next experiment will be to use 10m - hopefully antenna is more efficient on that band

03/05/12

found that the antenna used yesterday was tuned to 31MHz… short whip
swapped for 2nd whip and this is tuned to 28.2MHz…. longer whip. More efficient?

— John Pumford-Green 26/04/23 15:02

Further Information

TinyTrak3 website : https://www.byonics.com/tinytrak3

radio, aprs

Shack To Makerspace

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 21:47:25 +0000

Shack To Makerspace

I used to have a radio-shack in the house, with component drawers on the walls, a filing cabinet to keep tools, parts, hardware etc.

I built things and operated radios.

Move to the shed

Then in around 2013 I renovated the old garden shed and moved my shack out there. It was a pleasant few years having a space to do as I pleased, with just enough space to have a radio-bench and a work-bench.

Gradually the shed succumbed to the ravages of the Shetland weather and I decided it wasn't really worth continuing using it. And at the same time I gave up playing radio at all.

I had a few brief periods of in-the-house radio operation last year, but never really got deeply involved.

Move back to the house

Now, in 2026 I'm getting interested in radio again - in operating and in building. So I started setting up a shack. One rig was brought out of retirement. Then another.

I put shelves over the operating desk to hold some test gear etc. but I still had no real building/tinkering facilities. My component drawers, junk boxes, books and test gear were still in the shed.

Today I put a filing cabinet in the new shack. Moved books, test gear, some old projects and work in progress into the shack and then moved my wall-mounted component drawers from the shed to the new shack. I can now sit and tinker with circuits on my tiny operating desk. I can build projects. I can experiment. All from the relative comfort of my tiny shack.

I'm still finding places for everything, so it's a bit of a mess, but here's how it looks at the moment.

radio, shack

Watchwinder

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Watches

Watchwinder

Home Brew Winder

I built a simple watch-winder to keep automatic watches fully wound when not being worn. Mainly as a small project to play with a pyBoard and a servo motor.

A short piece of microPython makes the servo turn, first one direction, then then other, then a pause, at a speed that makes sure a watch is fully wound overnight. The speed depends on the required number of turns to achieve full-wind, which depends on the watch movement, and whether the movement winds in one or other, or both, rotational directions.

The watch is placed in a plastic box attached to the servo motor and the motor is simple clamped in a panavise, with the axis of the servo at about 45°

Photos

pyBoard Quick Reference

[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2025-03-09]~~add some photos~~

Python Code

microPython code for Pyboard to control continuous rotation servo.

# main.py -- put your code here!
 
 
import pyb
 
servo1 = pyb.Servo(1)
 
# LED colours
# red flash = motor stopped
# green on = manual stop for 120 seconds
# yellow on/flash = motor running
# blue flash = 5 seconds before a change of state
 
ledr = pyb.LED(1) 
ledg = pyb.LED(2)
ledy = pyb.LED(3)
ledb = pyb.LED(4) 
 
# servo speeds to achieve approx 6 rpm in either direction.
ccw = 14
cw = -7
stop = 0
 
 
# 12 minute cycle :
# observed turns complete per stage:
# 2 min CW = ~11 turns
# 4 min stop
# 2 min CCW = ~ 12 turns
# 4 min stop
# 23 turns / 12 min = 115 turns / hour
# ETA 2836-2 requires 650 turns / day for full winding 
# this would take 5.6 hours on winder per day to guarantee full wind.
 
period = 120 # seconds
 
# turn LEDs off (unneccesary?)
ledr.off()
ledg.off() 
ledy.off()
ledb.off()
 
# interrupt function to allow changing/removing watch
def stop_servo():
 
	# red LED on at start of interruption
	ledr.on()
	ledy.off()
 
	# turn off any flashing LEDs during interruption
	tim4.callback(None)
 
	# flash blue LED to signal stop imminent
	flash_blue()
 
	# stop servo
	servo1.speed(0)
 
	# red LED off and green LED on to indicate "safe to proceed"
	ledr.off()
	ledg.on()
 
	# pause for 2 minute
	pyb.delay(120 * 1000)
 
	# flash blue LED to signal re-start imminent
	flash_blue()
 
	# green LED off to indicate end of interruption.
	ledg.off()
 
	pyb.hard_reset()
 
	# after resumption from interrupt the next stage will usually be a 
	# "stop" period, assuming the interrupt occurred during a "run" period
	# perhaps need to look at the best way of resuming? or even quit()
	# at the end of the stop_servo() interrupt and then manually reset via the 
	# RST button?
 
	# main programme resumes where it left off....
	return
 
def cycle_led():
 
	ledb.on()
	pyb.delay(500)
	ledy.on()
	pyb.delay(500)
	ledg.on()
	pyb.delay(500)
	ledr.on()
	pyb.delay(500)
	ledb.off()
	ledy.off()
	ledg.off()
	ledr.off()
 
	return
 
def flash_blue():
 
	t = 0
	while t < 10:
 
		ledb.toggle()
		pyb.delay(500)
		t += 1
	return
 
def rotate_cw(p):
 
	# solid yellow LED when going CW
	ledy.on()
	servo1.speed(cw, 1000)
	pyb.delay(p * 1000)
	flash_blue()
	ledy.off()
 
	return
 
 
def rotate_ccw(p):
 
	# flash yellow LED when going CCW
	tim4.callback(lambda t: ledy.toggle())
	servo1.speed(ccw, 1000)
	pyb.delay(p * 1000)
	flash_blue()
	tim4.callback(None)
	ledy.off()
 
 
	return
 
 
def pause(p):
 
	# flash red LED during motor pause period
	tim4.callback(lambda t: ledr.toggle())
	servo1.speed(stop, 1000)
	pyb.delay(p * 1000)
	flash_blue()
	tim4.callback(None)
	ledr.off()
 
	return
 
 
# USR on-board switch used to pause running to allow
# watch to be removed / changed
sw = pyb.Switch()
 
# callback to run the function that pauses the operation
sw.callback(stop_servo)
 
#timer to flash LEDs
tim4 = pyb.Timer(4, freq=2)
 
cycle_led()
 
# the main loop
while True:
 
		rotate_cw(period)
 
		pause(2 * period)
 
		rotate_ccw(period)
 
		pause(2 * period)

Page Info

Page created Sun May 22 00:52:45 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

watch, python

Icom IC-7200

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Icom IC-7200

Rugged HF/50MHz

Background

This is my 2nd IC-7200. I foolishly sold my original one and very quickly regretted it.
From the Silent Key equipment of Peter GM0CXQ
Obtained 01/06/23

Repairs & Modifications

HM36 Microphone Mod

The current HM-36 microphone supplied with IC-7200 is poorly designed and problems are well documented on the internet.
I carried out the “K1RF/PY3SS Modification” documented here : k1rf_modified_py3ss_hm-36_mic_mod_reva.pdf
The newly modified HM-36 now functions “correctly” with adequate drive for the radio, and a better frequency response.
It is now possible to set Mic Gain < 20 and Compression = 4 and obtain adequate ALC and full power out and a reasonable degree of compression without the need to “Close Talk” the microphone.
It is also now possible to obtain full power out, and some ALC deflection, without use of Compression, by adjusting the Mic Gain accordingly. This was difficult/impossible with the stock HM-36

Fan Mod

I found that on a long (> 1 hour) Olivia QSO at 50W that the rear panel/heatsink reaches 60°C, and even the side-handles reach 43°C
The fans initially turn on with the PTT and run for a few seconds after dropping back to RX
As the temperature increases the fans switch to medium, and then fast speeds while running during TX and also remain running for longer at the switch back to RX
One mod suggests adding a small resistor across the fan switching transistor to keep the fans running slowly at all times, so that duing RX they might remove even more heat before the next period of TX
The mod is here ic_7200_fan_mod.pdf
I carried out the mod, with a 120 ohm resistor and then had a similar long Olivia QSO to compare the temperatures of the rear heatsink and side handles.
Despite the continuous running fan I found that the rear panel still reached 60°C and the handles reached at least 40°C during the TX phase.
They probably cooled down a little more on RX, but not significantly, and not enough that the temperature on TX was noticeably lowered.
There seems no major benefit in the mod, as the thermal design of the radio seems able to cope without it.
There may be a downside though, the fans will now run continuously whenever the radio is turned on, which will cause them to prematurely wear out, or become noisy.
After one night's use I removed the modification and restored the fan control to normal.

Documentation

— John Pumford-Green 02/06/23 08:04

Further Information

radio, ic7200

10m/12m

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:23:23 +0000

←Radio Topics

10m/12m

A diversion into 10m and 12m

Equipment

~~Shack : CRT SS9900~~
Shack : Icom IC-706
Mobile : Anytone Smart CB for 10M

Antenna

Sleeve “T2LT” dipole
- Sloping at approx. 45°
- Choke 5T 110mm diameter air wound

Choke design recommendations :

Update 22/5/23 : Moved to fully vertical with choke/feedpoint 2m agl and tip @ 7m agl
- using 7m “Sota pole”
Update 4/6/12 : moved back to sloping configureaton on original 5m long pole, and choke/radiator/feedpoint changed to suit 12m : choke now 6T on 110m former at 3m from “feedpoint”
- radiator section lengthened to 3m.

(Photo to follow)

Propagation Data

10m WSPR Spots vs SFI & K indices

Date	Time First Spot	Time Last Spot	Power	Spots In	Min/Max/Ave km	Spots Out	Min/Max/Ave km	SFI	SSN	K	48H Flare
10/05/23	(1442)	2010	5W	3	2939 / 2939 / 2939	26	2939 / 10373 / 4043	180	151	5	M6.5
10/05/23	2332	0122	5W	7	1008 / 1605 / 1297	9	1175 / 1743 / 1348	180	151	5	M6.5

Last Update : 04/06/26 19:23 BST

Further Information

https://www.radio-workshop.co.uk/cb-radio-citizens-band-27mhz-11-metres/

radio, 10m, 11m, cb

CCIR493 Selcall

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 08 Jun 2026 17:08:18 +0000

←Radio Topics

CCIR493 Selcall

HF Selcall Experiments

Background

I became interested in HF selcall when I was looking for a way of setting up impromptu QSOs with specific stations, for doing tests etc., without the need for listening by ear for calls. Various ideas were considered for controlling an audio mute, and alerting the operator, on HF, but nothing seemed appropriate (CTCSS, DTMF etc) until I stumbled on CCIR493 HF Selcall, specifically designed to cope with conditions on the HF bands.

The protocol was familiar, as it's very similar (but slightly simpler) than GMDSS DSC. This led to more reading and research. CCIR493 is widely used in Land Mobile HF SSB in Australia and in other countries which use HF SSB as a communications method. It seems largely unused in Europe. In Australia it is used on the networks set up to assist 4WD outback travellers, with Selcall used to initiate contact with the various base stations.

Selcall's beacon and 99 beacon functions can be used to check if a particular station is reachable before attempting a voice call.

This seemed ideal…. down the rabbit hole of HF Selcall…..

Basic details

CCIR493 HF Selcall is a predecessor to GMDSS DSC used in Marine Radio.

Two Tone FSK with 170Hz shift
100baud signalling rate
Tone frequencies 1700 = 0, 1870 = 1 (tone centre = 1785)
- compare with DSC: 1615 = 1, 1785 = 0 (tone centre = 1700, inverted shift)
Symbols are 10-bit words, 7 bit + 3 parity bits
Dotting pre-amble of alternating 1010….. 2 to 20 seconds depending on expected scan-group size
Same “symbol repeat after 4” RX/DX interleaving as DSC
Same phasing sequence as DSC
No overall Error Check Sum, unlike DSC

At its simplest a selcall transmission can be either:

Directed call to a specific address
1. Selcall = send a revertive signal over the air AND alert the remote operator. The FMT symbol = 120
2. Directed-Beacon = send revertive signal over the air, but do not alert remote operator. The FMT symbol = 123
99-beacon call to a group of addresses = all stations send revertive signal over the air, but do not alert remote operator. The 99-beacon call is a special form of a directed selcall, with the FMT symbol of 120 and the final two digits of the destination address = 99. Receiving decoders understand to treat the call as a special type of beacon call despite the FMT being 120 (Selcall)

The directed-beacon to a specific address will confirm if that station is reachable, without disturbing the operator.

The 99-beacon call confirms whether any station in the group are reachable - the group is “any station with the first two digits matching”. The address used for the 99-beacon call is XX99, where XX is the leading digits of the desired group. For example, a group stations 3610, 3602, 3603, 3654 would all respond to a 99-beacon call addressed to 3699

Jenal SC2 Mic

HF Selcall is widely used in Australia, and there is a large market for add-on Selcall devices (to convert non-selcall radios) there. One manufacturer of Selcall equipment is JENAL.

At the time of my first exploration of Selcall I found that the SC2 microphone seemed like the perfect solution. The SC2 had been out of production, but Jenal had just released a new batch and I bought TWO of them, allowing me to experiment in isolation, should I fail to find any other amateur stations suitably equipped.

SC2 Handbook

One SC2 microphone can be connected to a Xiegu G90 portable HF transceiver, capable of 20W pep, and the other SC2 can be connected to a home made 60m SSB transceiver, also capable of 20W PEP, at the main station.

Scanning

The SC2 is capable of controlling the transceiver to scan, waiting for incoming selcall dotting signals, when it will pause the scan to decode any selcall message and act upon it as appropriate. Scan will resume after a certain period. The simplest scanning method is to pulse the channel up or channel down line present on most ham-grade transceivers on the mic-connector and thus the radio will step through its memory channels looking for selcall signals.

Previous Selcall Activity

In previous periods of activity with Selcall I have managed a few contacts and QSOs. Mainly with two stations who were already equipped with Barrett or Codan radios which can use CCIR493 “out of the box”.

GM4WMM - with a Barrett 950. We successfully operated on a small set of predetermined channels in the 80m, 60m, 40m bands, scanning, and selecting the optimum channel using beacon calls.
F6EMT - with a Codan . Made several contacts on 20m, some of them while mobile, initiated as random Selcall QSOs.

For 2023 I hope to find some more Selcall-equipped stations willing to try some experiments.

Selcall Activity 2023

[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2023-04-30] ~~Attach SC2 to Xiegu G90~~
[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2023-04-30]~~Set up 60m homebrew radio & amplifier & attach SC2~~
[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2023-05-05]~~Install mobile whip on van for use with G90~~
[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2023-04-30]~~Make adaptor for IC-M710 to allow easy connection of SC2 in place of usual datamode interface, for access to more bands~~
Try to make contact with like minded experimenters for on-air tests

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 30/04/23 16:57

When not otherwise engaged I'll leave my main station IC-M710 monitoring 14.343MHz or 18.163MHz with Selcall ID 3658. I may not be able to respond directly to any calls the Selcall will send revertives (at 50W) for successful selcall or beacon calls to 3658or for 99-beacon calls to 3699

For skeds please contact me by email - address at https://www.qrz.com/db/GM4SLV

I have re-enabled emails from the hf-link groups.io https://groups.io/g/hflink to see what's happening here - the only place where CCIR493 appears to be discussed/used.

Further Information

For new (2026) adventures in Selcall : CCIR493 Selcall - 2026

~~Blackcat Android app for generating various Selcalls, including Barrett/Codan~~

Code snippets

My Python2 Selcall TX encoder

selcal_functions.py (Click to view)

# CCIR 493-4 Selcal Symbol Generator / CPFSK Modulator
# Wire2waves Ltd
# March 2015
# with CW ID for use on Amateur Radio bands
 
version = "v0.2"
 
# Imports
import numpy
import pyaudio
import struct
import time
from math import *
 
# quick and dirty CW Ident
# words per minute
wpm = 20
# dot period
cwdit = 1.2 / wpm
# dash period
cwdah = cwdit * 3
 
w_amp = (2**15) - 1
 
# define the output audio stream for the main data
p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
cpfsk_stream = p.open(format=pyaudio.paInt16, channels=1, rate=9600, output=1)
 
# make a second stream for the Tune carrier & cw ident
pt = pyaudio.PyAudio()
tunestream = pt.open(format=pyaudio.paInt16, channels=1, rate=9600, output=1)
 
pc = pyaudio.PyAudio()
cwstream = pc.open(format=pyaudio.paInt16, channels=1, rate=9600, output=1)
 
# convert text to symbol value using dictionaries
fmt_symbol_dict = { "sel" : "120", "bcn" : "123" }
cat_symbol_dict = { "rtn" : "100"}
eos_symbol_dict = { "req" : "117" }
 
 
# list containing Phasing Symbols in DX/RX order. 
 
phasing_symbol = [ "125", "109", "125", "108", "125", "107", "125", "106", "125", "105", "125", "104" ]
 
# Instead of doing bit-twiddling to convert each symbol
# value to its 10-bit parity protected word, which involves padding to full 7-bits, counting zeros,
# reversing the bit order, shifting bits and "ORing" in the parity bits
# we just use a dictionary containing the conversion between symbol value and its 10-bit parity protected word
#
parity_table = { 
"00" : "0000000111", "01" : "1000000110", "02" : "0100000110", "03" : "1100000101", 
"04" : "0010000110", "05" : "1010000101", "06" : "0110000101", "07" : "1110000100",
"08" : "0001000110", "09" : "1001000101", "10" : "0101000101", "11" : "1101000100", 
"12" : "0011000101", "13" : "1011000100", "14" : "0111000100", "15" : "1111000011", 
"16" : "0000100110", "17" : "1000100101", "18" : "0100100101", "19" : "1100100100", 
"20" : "0010100101", "21" : "1010100100", "22" : "0110100100", "23" : "1110100011", 
"24" : "0001100101", "25" : "1001100100", "26" : "0101100100", "27" : "1101100011", 
"28" : "0011100100", "29" : "1011100011", "30" : "0111100011", "31" : "1111100010", 
"32" : "0000010110", "33" : "1000010101", "34" : "0100010101", "35" : "1100010100", 
"36" : "0010010101", "37" : "1010010100", "38" : "0110010100", "39" : "1110010011", 
"40" : "0001010101", "41" : "1001010100", "42" : "0101010100", "43" : "1101010011", 
"44" : "0011010100", "45" : "1011010011", "46" : "0111010011", "47" : "1111010010", 
"48" : "0000110101", "49" : "1000110100", "50" : "0100110100", "51" : "1100110011", 
"52" : "0010110100", "53" : "1010110011", "54" : "0110110011", "55" : "1110110010", 
"56" : "0001110100", "57" : "1001110011", "58" : "0101110011", "59" : "1101110010", 
"60" : "0011110011", "61" : "1011110010", "62" : "0111110010", "63" : "1111110001", 
"64" : "0000001110", "65" : "1000001101", "66" : "0100001101", "67" : "1100001100", 
"68" : "0010001101", "69" : "1010001100", "70" : "0110001100", "71" : "1110001011", 
"72" : "0001001101", "73" : "1001001100", "74" : "0101001100", "75" : "1101001011", 
"76" : "0011001100", "77" : "1011001011", "78" : "0111001011", "79" : "1111001010", 
"80" : "0000101101", "81" : "1000101100", "82" : "0100101100", "83" : "1100101011", 
"84" : "0010101100", "85" : "1010101011", "86" : "0110101011", "87" : "1110101010", 
"88" : "0001101100", "89" : "1001101011", "90" : "0101101011", "91" : "1101101010", 
"92" : "0011101011", "93" : "1011101010", "94" : "0111101010", "95" : "1111101001", 
"96" : "0000011101", "97" : "1000011100", "98" : "0100011100", "99" : "1100011011", 
"100" : "0010011100", "101" : "1010011011", "102" : "0110011011", "103" : "1110011010", 
"104" : "0001011100", "105" : "1001011011", "106" : "0101011011", "107" : "1101011010", 
"108" : "0011011011", "109" : "1011011010", "110" : "0111011010", "111" : "1111011001", 
"112" : "0000111100", "113" : "1000111011", "114" : "0100111011", "115" : "1100111010", 
"116" : "0010111011", "117" : "1010111010", "118" : "0110111010", "119" : "1110111001", 
"120" : "0001111011", "121" : "1001111010", "122" : "0101111010", "123" : "1101111001", 
"124" : "0011111010", "125" : "1011111001", "126" : "0111111001", "127" : "1111111000" 
}
 
cw_table = {
"A" : ".-",
"B" : "-...",
"C" : "-.-.",
"D" : "-..",
"E" : ".",
"F" : "..-.",
"G" : "--.",
"H" : "....",
"I" : "..",
"J" : ".---",
"K" : "-.-",
"L" : ".-..",
"M" : "--",
"N" : "-.",
"O" : "---",
"P" : ".--.",
"Q" : "--.-",
"R" : ".-.",
"S" : "...",
"T" : "-",
"U" : "..-",
"V" : "...-",
"W" : ".--",
"X" : "-..-",
"Y" : "--.-",
"Z" : "--..",
"1" : ".----",
"2" : "..---",
"3" : "...--",
"4" : "....-",
"5" : ".....",
"6" : "-....",
"7" : "--...",
"8" : "---..",
"9" : "----.",
"0" : "-----",
" " : "",
"/" : "-..-.",
"?" : "..--..",
"+" : ".-.-."
}
 
#####################
# function definitions
#
 
##############
#  Tone generators (not used for data, but for Tune and CW signals)
#
# Setting the "cspace" and "lspace" amplitudes (pwr) to non-zero
# will produce FSK-style CW, as used in Beacons etc,
 
def sine(frequency, length, rate):
    length = int(length * rate)
    factor = float(frequency) * (pi * 2) / rate
    return numpy.sin(numpy.arange(length) * factor)#
#
# Generate a carrier to allow Auto-ATU to re-tune when changing frequency
# reduced amplitude, 3 seconds 
#
def tune_carrier(pwr):
    frequency = 1785
    length = 3
    rate = 9600
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) * (w_amp * pwr)
    tunestream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())
 
def dash(pwr):
    frequency=1900
    length=cwdah 
    rate=9600
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) *  (w_amp * pwr)
    cwstream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())    
 
def dot(pwr):
    frequency=1900
    length=cwdit
    rate=9600
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) *  (w_amp * pwr)
    cwstream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())  
 
def cspace(pwr):
    frequency=1700
    length=cwdit
    rate=9600 
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) *  (w_amp * pwr)
    cwstream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())     
 
def lspace(pwr):
    frequency=1700
    length=cwdah
    rate=9600
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) *  (w_amp * pwr)
    cwstream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())      
#
#   
################################
 
def make_call(cw_table, call):
    callsign = ""
    for i in call:
        callsign += cw_table[i]
        callsign += "s"        
    return callsign
 
def cwid(call, pwr):
    callsign = make_call(cw_table, call)
    for i in callsign:
        if i == "-":
            dash(pwr)
            cspace(pwr)
        elif i == ".":
            dot(pwr)
            cspace(pwr)
        elif i == "s":
            lspace(pwr)
 
###########
 
 
# split a 4 digit Selcal into two 2-digit symbols
# resulting symbols are returned as a list
def sel_id_symbol(sel_id):
    sel_id_list = [(sel_id[i:i+2]) for i in range(0, len(sel_id), 2)]    
    return sel_id_list
 
 
# build the basic Call:
# Selcal messages are of the form:  "fmt to_id cat self_id eos eos eos"
 
def build_call(f_s, a_s, c_s, s_s, eos_s):
 
    sel_call = []
 
    sel_call.append(f_s)
 
    for i in a_s:
        sel_call.append(i)
 
    sel_call.append(c_s)
 
    for i in s_s:
        sel_call.append(i)
 
    sel_call.append(eos_s)
 
    sel_call.append(eos_s)
    sel_call.append(eos_s)
 
    return sel_call
 
 
 
# interleave the symbols into DX and RX sequence 
# at the same time convert between symbol value and
# 10-bit parity word by looking in the parity_table dictionary.
 
def interleave(parity_table, phasing, sel_list):
 
    symbol_count = len(sel_list)
 
    sel_dxrx = []
    # interleave the phasing sequence
    for p in range(0,12):
        sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[phasing[p]]) #dxrx
 
    # add dx and rx copies of the format symbol
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[0]]) #dx
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[0]]) #rx
 
    # add the DX copy of the the to_ID
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[1]]) #dx
 
    # add another RX copy of the format symbol
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[0]]) #rx
 
    # add the DX copy of the category symbol
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[2]]) #dx
 
    # loop through the remaining symbols to add the RX and DX versions 
    for i in range(0,symbol_count-3):
        sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[i]]) #rx
        sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[i+3]]) #dx
 
    # add a final DX and RX copy of the EOS symbol
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[-1]])
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[-1]])    
 
    # sel_dxrx is a list of 10-bit words, as ones and noughts, for the complete message
    return sel_dxrx
 
 
# Make a 600-bit dotting period of alternating 1/0 in a string
 
# Selcal dotting periods often 6 seconds (and up to 20 seconds in some
# instances) to allow for capturing scanning radios. 
# We send 300 bits / 6 seconds for now, pending a decision to extend or reduce the dotting period.
 
# Append to the string each 10-bit interleaved word, to create a string of 
# ones and noughts.
 
# return a string of ones & noughts representing the complete message
 
def make_bitstream(sel_dxrx):
    sel_bitstream= "10"  * 300 # dotting
    for i in sel_dxrx:
        sel_bitstream += i
    return sel_bitstream
 
 
 
# DSC and Selcall use tone spacing and baud rate that prevents the use of 
# "Sunde's FSK" method to create glitch-less bit transitions.
#
# To minimize bandwidth it's necessary to use "Continuous Phase FSK" which
# has a smooth transition of the waveform at the bit boundary. The method used is time-consuming
# as we have to create each audio sample based on the phase-advance of each bit-period and 
# store them in a buffer before sending them out to the soundcard via PyAudio.
# 
# This function is courtesy of Bill Lionheart : billlionheart@gmail.com
#
# Make the CPFSK-modulated sample values, pack them into a list, and convert to a string 
# to feed PyAudio  
#
 
def modulate(fmsg, fcarrier, f0, f1, fsample, baud, amp):
 
    if amp > 1.0:
       amp = 1.0
 
    sel_amp =  (w_amp * amp)
 
    mlen = len(fmsg)
 
    mtime = mlen/baud  
 
    nsamp = int(round(fsample*mtime))
 
    deltaT = 1.0/fsample
 
    ph=0
 
    y = [0] * nsamp
 
    for i in range(nsamp): # i = sample number
 
        thisbit = int(floor((i/float(nsamp))* mlen)) 
 
        # "thisbit" is the index number of the data-bit being modulated,
        # the same data-bit is used for "the number of samples which occupy 1 bit period"
 
        if fmsg[thisbit]:
            f = f1 
        else:
            f = f0 
 
        # if this bit is a 1 then f = mark-freq, else f = space-freq
 
        ph +=  2*pi*(fcarrier + f)*deltaT
 
        # phase advances during sample period according the actual mark or space freq
        # when the bit changes between 1 and 0, the phase advance in deltaT is small, and
        # continuity in phase is achieved. The signal then starts to advance
        # in phase according to the new frequency appropriate the the bit (one or nought)
        #being sent.
 
        # reset phase to zero every 360 degrees
        if ph> 2*pi: 
            ph = ph - 2*pi
 
        y[i]=sel_amp*(sin(ph)) # y is an 8-bit value
        # y[i] is the current sample's amplitude - the "sin of current accumulated phase"
 
    wave_list = []
    for v in y:
        vp = struct.pack('h',v)
        wave_list.append(vp)
    wavestring = ''.join(wave_list)
 
    return wavestring
 
 
# Take the message to be sent and
# 1) interleave
# 2) make bitstream as a string
# 3) convert to list, for the CPFSK modulator function, 
# 4) calculate the sample values using the "modulate()" function
# 5) write the string of sample values to pyaudio
 
 
def transmit_sel(sel_call, pwr):
    #
    # 1) interleave the message and phasing DX and RX symbols together, and also convert to 10-bit parity words
    sel_dxrx = interleave(parity_table, phasing_symbol, sel_call) 
 
    # 2) create a string with the ones and noughts representing the full message
    sel_bitstream = make_bitstream(sel_dxrx)
 
    # 3) convert the string into a list, to feed the CPFSK modulator
    bitstream_list = [int(sel_bitstream[i:i+1]) for i in range(0, len(sel_bitstream), 1)]
 
    # 4) get a list of sample values from the CPFSK modulator
    #
    # arguments for modulate() : (source of message_bits(a list), f-centre, space_dev, mark_dev, sample_rate, baud_rate, amplitude)
    # returns a string of 8-bit signed values to feed PyAudio
 
    wave = modulate(bitstream_list, 1785, -85, +85, 9600, 100.0, pwr)
 
    # 5) make some noise...
 
    cpfsk_stream.write(wave)
 
    return

selcal_gui.py (Click to view )

# Wire2waves Ltd
# CCIR 493-4 Selcal Generator & Modulator
# Generic, non-TX GUI
 
 
from Tkinter import *
from selcal_functions import *
import threading
import Queue
import time
 
version = "v0.2"
 
 
class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        """ Initialize frame"""
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.grid()
        self.create_widgets()
 
        # we manage the three sound-producing functions in Threads, run at startup but only produce
        # output when their Queues are set to "1"
        self.selqueue = Queue.Queue()
        self.tunequeue = Queue.Queue()
        self.cwqueue = Queue.Queue()
        self.tunequeue.put(0)
        self.selqueue.put(0)
        self.cwqueue.put(0)
        t1 = threading.Thread(target = self.tune)
        t1.setDaemon(True)
        t1.start()
        c1 = threading.Thread(target = self.send_cwid)
        c1.setDaemon(True)
        c1.start()
        d1 = threading.Thread(target = self.send_sel)
        d1.setDaemon(True)
        d1.start()
 
 
    def create_widgets(self):
 
        ###### 
        #
        # The Address Entry Fields
        self.to_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "To ID", fg = 'red').grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.to_sel_id_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'red')
        self.to_sel_id_e.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        self.to_sel_id_e.insert(0, "3922")
 
 
        self.from_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "Self ID", fg = 'blue').grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.from_sel_id_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'blue')
        self.from_sel_id_e.grid(row = 1, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        self.from_sel_id_e.insert(0, "3921")
 
        ###################
        #
        # The "Format" selection radio buttons
        self.fmt = StringVar()
        self.fmt_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "Format").grid(row = 5, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.sel_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Sel", variable = self.fmt, value = "sel")
        self.sel_r.grid(row = 5, column = 1, sticky = W)
        self.bcn_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Bcn", variable = self.fmt, value = "bcn")
        self.bcn_r.grid(row = 5, column = 2, sticky = W)
        #self.fmt_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'blue')
        #self.fmt_e.grid(row = 5, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        #self.fmt_e.insert(0, "120")
 
        #
        # click the "SEL" radio button
        self.sel_r.invoke()
        #
        ########
 
        ######
        #
        # The "Category" selection radio buttons
 
        self.cat = StringVar()
 
        self.cat_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "Category").grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.saf_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Routine", variable = self.cat, value = "rtn")
        self.saf_r.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
        #self.cat_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'blue')
        #self.cat_e.grid(row = 6, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        #self.cat_e.insert(0, "100")
 
 
        # For selcal we may require other categories, but at present only "Routine" is used
        #self.urg_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Urgent", variable = self.cat, value = "urg")
        #self.urg_r.grid(row = 6, column = 2, sticky = W)
        #self.dis_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Distress", variable = self.cat, value = "dis")
        #self.dis_r.grid(row = 6, column = 3, sticky = W)
 
        # click the "Safety" radio-button
        self.saf_r.invoke()
        #
        ########
 
        ####
        #
        # The "EOS" selection radio buttons
 
        self.eosv = StringVar()
        self.eos_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "EOS").grid(row = 9, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.req_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "REQ", variable = self.eosv, value = "req")
        self.req_r.grid(row = 9, column = 1, sticky = W)
        #self.eos_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'blue')
        #self.eos_e.grid(row = 9, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        #self.eos_e.insert(0, "117")
 
        # leave these in case other EOS symbols would be useful in the future 
        #self.ack_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "ACK", variable = self.eosv, value = "ack")
        #self.ack_r.grid(row = 9, column = 2, sticky = W)
 
        #self.eos_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "EOS", variable = self.eosv, value = "eos")
        #self.eos_r.grid(row = 9, column = 3, sticky = W)
 
        # click the "REQ" radio button
        self.req_r.invoke()
        #
        ###########
 
 
        ###########
        #
        # The "do something" buttons
 
        self.go_b = Button(self, text = "Send Selcal", command = self.selqueue_on)
        self.go_b.grid(row = 10, column = 0, sticky = W+E)
 
        self.tune_b = Button(self, text = "Tune", command = self.tunequeue_on)
        self.tune_b.grid(row = 13, column = 0, sticky = W+E)
 
        self.cw_call_e = Entry(self)
        self.cw_call_e.grid(row = 14, column = 1, columnspan = 2)
        #
        # The CW Text is pre-set, but can be edited as required on the GUI
        self.cw_call_e.insert(0, "   de GM4SLV   ")
 
        self.cw_b = Button(self, text = "Send CW ->", command = self.cwqueue_on)
        self.cw_b.grid(row = 14, column = 0, sticky = W+E)
 
        ######
        #
        # The display of Selcal Symbols
        #
 
        self.sel_title = Label(self, text = "Sending Selcal Symbols: " , fg = 'blue').grid(row = 16, column = 0)
 
        sel_call_f = Frame(self, relief = GROOVE, borderwidth = 2, pady = 5)
        sel_call_f.grid(row = 17, column = 0, columnspan = 5, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W+E)
 
 
        self.sel_label = StringVar()
        self.sel_l = Label(sel_call_f, textvariable = self.sel_label, fg = 'blue', height = 2, wraplength = 350, anchor = W)
        self.sel_l.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
        #
        #####
 
 
    # When a Tune is required we call tunequeue_on() which puts a "1" into the queue.
    # The queue is read by tune() which is running constantly (while True:) in a thread. 
    # If a "1" is found the tune_carrier() function is triggered
    # then tunequeue_off() will put a "0" in the queue which will inhibit any further
    # tune signals. 
 
    # Since the Tune, CWID and Selcal Transmit all run in their own threads, with their own queues
    # it's possible to do all three functions at once, and still retain an active GUI
    # this may not be "the right way" to do this, but it works...
 
    def tunequeue_on(self):
        self.tunequeue.put(1)
 
    def tunequeue_off(self):
        self.tunequeue.put(0)
 
 
    def tune(self):
 
        while True:
            t_on = self.tunequeue.get()
            if t_on == 1:   
                pwr = 0.7
                tune_carrier(pwr)
                self.tunequeue_off()
 
 
    def cwqueue_on(self):
        self.cwqueue.put(1)
    def cwqueue_off(self):
        self.cwqueue.put(0)
 
    def send_cwid(self):
        while True:
            c_on = self.cwqueue.get()
            if c_on == 1:
                pwr = 0.7
                call = self.cw_call_e.get().upper()
                cwid(call, pwr)
                self.cwqueue_off()
 
    def selqueue_on(self):
        self.selqueue.put(1)
    def selqueue_off(self):
        self.selqueue.put(0)
 
    def send_sel(self):
 
        while True:   
            go = self.selqueue.get()
            if go == 1:
                a_sel_id = self.to_sel_id_e.get()
                s_sel_id = self.from_sel_id_e.get()
                fmt = self.fmt.get()
                cat = self.cat.get()
                eos = self.eosv.get()
                pwr = 0.7
 
                # restrict to 4-digit 493-4
                if len(a_sel_id) != 4:
                    continue
                if len(s_sel_id) != 4:
                    continue
 
                # convert the format, category and eos to the appropriate symbol values
                fmt_symbol = (fmt_symbol_dict[fmt])
                #fmt_symbol = self.fmt_e.get()
 
                cat_symbol = (cat_symbol_dict[cat])
                #cat_symbol = self.cat_e.get()
 
                eos_symbol = (eos_symbol_dict[eos])
                #eos_symbol = self.eos_e.get()
 
                # convert the 4-digit selcal IDs into two 2-digit symbols
                a_symbol = sel_id_symbol(a_sel_id)
                s_symbol = sel_id_symbol(s_sel_id)
 
                # build the call by joining the symbol values into a list
                sel_call = build_call(fmt_symbol, a_symbol, cat_symbol, s_symbol, eos_symbol)
 
                #we want the basic selcal message returned to us, to display on the GUI
                self.sel_label.set(sel_call)
 
                # turn the selcal queue off to stop further transmissions
                self.selqueue_off()
 
                # then we pass the selcal list and required "power" into "transmit_sel() which does the rest...
                transmit_sel(sel_call, pwr) 
 
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
 
    root.geometry("350x350+10+10")
    root.title("GM4SLV HF CCIR 493-4 Selcal " + version)
    root.resizable(0, 0)
    app = Application(root)
 
 
    root.mainloop()

— John Pumford-Green 29/04/23 11:42

Last Modified : 08/06/26 18:08 BST

radio, selcall

Netradio Control

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Radio Topics

Netradio Control

Python code for TCP/IP control of multiple radios

Server

This provides TCP/IP access to one or more radios, allowing control of Frequency, Mode, Pre-amp and Attenuator. It also gives remote access to S-meter readings.

There are separate rig-dependant command modules that then provide a standard interface for commands sent by a client, regardless of the particular radio connected.

There are modules for

Icom C-IV radios such as IC-R75, IC-718, IC-7200 etc.
AOR AR7030
Icom IC-M710 marine

Server

server.py

server.py

from aor import *
from icom import *
from conf import *
from m710 import *
import SocketServer
import time
 
try:
    import readline
except:
    pass
 
lock = threading.Lock()
 
radios = []
 
 
 
r1 = Icom(n1, a1, cal1)
radios.append(n1)
 
r2 = m710(n4)
radios.append(n4)
 
#r2 = Icom(n2, a2, cal2)
#radios.append(n2)
 
r3 = Ar7030(n3)
radios.append(n3)
 
print radios
#print r1.digi_off()
 
#print r2.remote_on()
 
def count_radios():
    count = len(radios)
    return count
 
 
def list_radios():
    radiolist = ""
    for n in range(0, len(radios)):
        r = radios[n]
        radiolist += (r + " ")
    return radiolist
 
 
def write_file(text):
    filename = 'commandlog.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text))  # make an entry for the log by joining the timestamp with the text passed in
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
def write_con(text):
    filename = 'conlog.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text))  # make an entry for the log by joining the timestamp with the text passed in
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
# The Server
class ThreadedRequestHandler(SocketServer.StreamRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        # we find the current thread for the client connection just set up, to
        # use in the log file
        cur_thread = threading.currentThread()
        # log the new connection details
        write_con("Connect from %s using %s \n" % ((self.client_address[0]), cur_thread.getName()))
        # print to the server's console the new connection IP address/port
        print self.client_address
        # loop to handle client requests....
        while True:
            # using StreamRequestHandler means our input from the client
            # is  "file-like" and can be read with "file-like" commands
            # we read a line at a time, using readline()
            cmd = self.rfile.readline().lower()
            # to keep things clean, we remove any characters that aren't
            # "printable" simple ASCII
            # these are between 32 and 127 in the ASCII table
            # we look at each character, and then make a new word by
            # .join()ing each accepted character with no space in between
            asccmd = "".join(x for x in cmd if ord(x) < 128 and ord(x) > 31)
            # we make a list called "words" holding the received words which
            # will be inspected by various functions
            words = asccmd.split()
            # If a client uses sock.close() itself, to disconnect, it appears that
            # we read a continuous stream of "" on the dead
            # socket, which puts CPU to 100%.
            #
            # The "While" loop is probably responsible, but I can't see another
            # way to keep the connection up for multiple commands.
            #
            # Further connection are accepted due to the Threaded nature of the server.
            # The CPU load is unacceptable though
            # HACK ?>>>>>
            # Looking for "" and then breaking
            # the connection from the server end (even though the client has
            # gone) cures this.
            if cmd == "":
                break
            else:
                pass
            # if the words list is empty, go back and get more input
            if not words:
                continue
            # we have input....
            # filter based on the first word - these are the
            # pre-set commands the server will accept
            # the client wants to know the currently available
            # radio names - held in the variable "rnames"
            elif words[0] == "getnames":
                self.wfile.write(rnames)
            # words[-1] (the last word in the list) will always be the
            # radio name. We give the variable "my_radio" this value, for
            # identifying which radio object to apply the method to
            elif words[0] == "count":
                count = count_radios()
                self.wfile.write(count)
            elif words[0] == "ident":
                ident_text = "GM4SLV Radio Server"
                radio_list = list_radios()
                self.wfile.write(ident_text + "\rAvailable : \n" + radio_list + "\r\n")
 
            elif words[0] == "getmode":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                mode = my_radio.get_mode()
                self.wfile.write(mode)
            elif words[0] == "getfreq":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                freq = words[1]
                freq = my_radio.get_freq()
                self.wfile.write(freq)
            elif words[0] == "setmode":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                mode = words[1]
                newmode = my_radio.set_mode(mode)
                self.wfile.write(newmode)
            elif words[0] == "setfreq":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                try:
                    freq = float(words[1])
                    newfreq = my_radio.set_freq(freq)
                    self.wfile.write(newfreq)
                except ValueError:
                    #freq = float(my_radio.get_freq())
                    self.wfile.write("Error in freq. %s No change\r\n" % words[1])
 
            elif words[0] == "getsmeter":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                smeter = round(float(my_radio.get_smeter()), 1)
                self.wfile.write(smeter)
            elif words[0] == "gets":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                s = my_radio.get_s()
                self.wfile.write(s)
            elif words[0] == "listradios":
                radios = list_radios()
                self.wfile.write(radios)
            elif words[0] == "getpreamp":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.get_pre()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preampon":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_on()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preamp2on":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_2_on()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preampoff":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_off()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "getatt":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.get_att()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "atton":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.att_on()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "attoff":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.att_off()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "tune":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                tune = my_radio.tune()
                self.wfile.write(tune)
            elif words[0] == "getpwr":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                pwr = my_radio.get_pwr()
                self.wfile.write(pwr)
            elif words[0] == "setpwr":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                spwr = words[1]
                pwr = my_radio.set_pwr(spwr)
                self.wfile.write(pwr)
            elif words[0] == "quit":
                write_con("Got quit from {}\n".format(self.client_address[0]))  # log it
                self.wfile.write("Goodbye! \r\n")  # say Goodbye
                break
            else:  # nothing in words[0] matches a pre-set command....
                write_file("Received %s\n" % words)  # log it, it's unusual
                self.wfile.write("Command not recognized\r\n")  # inform the client
 
 
class ThreadedIcomServer(SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn, SocketServer.TCPServer):
    pass
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # define the lock to be used on the serial port access
    lock = threading.Lock()
 
    # address ('' = all available interfaces) to listen on, and port number
    address = ('', 9999)
    server = ThreadedIcomServer(address, ThreadedRequestHandler)
    server.allow_reuse_address = True
 
    # define that the server will be threaded, and will serve "forever" ie. not quit after the client disconnects
    t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
    # start the server thread
    t.start()
 
    write_con(
        "Server loop running in thread: %s\n" % "".join(t.getName()))

Configurtion Module

conf.py

Icom C-IV module

icom.py

icom.py

import serial
import threading
from conf import *
import time
#sport = "COM1"
sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sbaud = 9600
 
lock = threading.Lock()
 
 
class Icom(object):
    def __init__(self, model, radio_address, cal):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=0.1)
        self.model = model
        self.radio_address = radio_address
        self.cal = cal
 
    def digi_off(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + digi_off_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def get_pre(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_pre_cmd + eom
 
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        if result[6] == "\x00":
            return 0
        elif result[6] == "\x01":
            return 1
        elif result[6] == "\x02":
            return 2
 
    def get_pwr(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + pwr_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        p1 = ord(result[7]) / 16
        p2 = ord(result[7]) % 16
        p3 = ord(result[6]) / 16
        p4 = ord(result[6]) % 16
        pwr = float(100 * (10 * p3 + p4) + (10 * p1 + p2))
        return int(pwr*100/255)
 
    def set_pwr(self, pwr):
        #if pwr == "25":
        #    spwr = "\x00" + "\x63"
        #elif pwr == "50":
        #    spwr = "\x01" + "\x27"
        #elif pwr == "75":
        #    spwr = "\x01" + "\x91"
        #elif pwr == "100":
        #    spwr = "\x02" + "\x55"
        rigpwr = int(pwr) * 255 / 100
        print "rigpwr ", rigpwr
        pwr1 = rigpwr / 100
        pwr2 = rigpwr % 100
        spwr1 = (pwr1 / 10 * 16)
        spwr2 = (pwr1 % 10)
        spwr3 =  (pwr2 / 10 * 16)
        spwr4 =  (pwr2 % 10)
        spwr = chr(spwr1+spwr2) + chr(spwr3+spwr4)
        #print "spwr ", spwr
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + pwr_cmd + spwr + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return self.get_pwr()
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def pre_on(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_pre_cmd + set_pre_on + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def pre_2_on(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_pre_cmd + set_pre_2_on + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
 
    def pre_off(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_pre_cmd + set_pre_off + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def ptt_on(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + ptt_on_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        #print result[5]
        if not result[4] == ack:
            return "ptt on"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "Error"
 
    def ptt_off(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + ptt_off_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        #print result[5]
        if not result[4] == ack:
            return "ptt off"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "Error"
 
    def get_att(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_att_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        if result[5] == "\x00":
            return 0
        elif result[5] == "\x20":
            return 1
 
    def att_on(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_att_cmd + set_att_on + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def att_off(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_att_cmd + set_att_off + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def set_freq(self, freq):
        fdig = "%010d" % int(freq * 1000)
        bcd = ()
        for i in (8, 6, 4, 2, 0):
            bcd += self.freq_bcd(int(fdig[i]), int(fdig[i + 1]))
        set_freq_val = ""
        for byte in bcd:
            set_freq_val += chr(byte)
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_freq_cmd + set_freq_val + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Set Freq success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received / Freq not supported"
 
    def get_freq(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + get_freq_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        if len(result) > 0:
            f = 0
        for k in [18, 19, 16, 17, 14, 15, 12, 13, 10, 11]:
            f = 10 * f + self.nib(result, k)
        self.freq = (float(f) / 1000)
        return "%.3f" % self.freq
 
    def set_mode(self, mode):
        print "in set_mode() with ", mode
        if mode == "data":
            mode = "rtty"
 
        if mode == "lsb":
            set_mode_val = "\x00"
        elif mode == "usb":
            set_mode_val = "\x01"
        elif mode == "am":
            set_mode_val = "\x02"
        elif mode == "cw":
            set_mode_val = "\x03"
        elif mode == "rtty":
            set_mode_val = "\x04"
        elif mode == "fm":
            set_mode_val = "\x05"
        elif mode == "cw-r":
            set_mode_val = "\x07"
        elif mode == "rtty-r":
            set_mode_val = "\x08"
        elif mode == "s-am":
            set_mode_val = "\x11"
        else:
            return "Mode not recognized"
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_mode_cmd + set_mode_val + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Set Mode Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received / Mode not supported"
 
    def get_mode(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + get_mode_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        mode = ""
        if result[5] == "\x00":
            mode = "lsb"
        elif result[5] == "\x01":
            mode = "usb"
        elif result[5] == "\x02":
            mode = "am"
        elif result[5] == "\x03":
            mode = "cw"
        elif result[5] == "\x04":
            mode = "rtty"
        elif result[5] == "\x05":
            mode = "fm"
        elif result[5] == "\x08":
            mode = "rtty-r"
        elif result[5] == "\x07":
            mode = "cw-r"
        elif result[5] == "\x11":
            mode = "s-am"
 
        if mode == "rtty":
            mode = "data"
 
        self.mode = mode
        return self.mode.upper()
 
    def get_s(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + get_smeter_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        sm1 = ord(result[7]) / 16
        sm2 = ord(result[7]) % 16
        sm3 = ord(result[6]) / 16
        sm4 = ord(result[6]) % 16
        s = float(100 * (10 * sm3 + sm4) + (10 * sm1 + sm2))
        return s
 
    def get_swr(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + get_swr_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        sm1 = ord(result[7]) / 16
        sm2 = ord(result[7]) % 16
        sm3 = ord(result[6]) / 16
        sm4 = ord(result[6]) % 16
        swr = float(100 * (10 * sm3 + sm4) + (10 * sm1 + sm2))
        return swr
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        s = float(self.get_s())
        cal = self.cal
        s1 = s - cal[0]
        s2 = s1 - cal[1]
        s3 = s2 - cal[2]
        s4 = s3 - cal[3]
        s5 = s4 - cal[4]
        s6 = s5 - cal[5]
        s7 = s6 - cal[6]
        if s1 <= 0:
            dbm = -123
            adj = s / cal[0] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s2 <= 0:
            dbm = -113
            adj = s1 / cal[1] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s3 <= 0:
            dbm = -103
            adj = s2 / cal[2] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s4 <= 0:
            dbm = -93
            adj = s3 / cal[3] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s5 <= 0:
            dbm = -83
            adj = s4 / cal[4] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s6 <= 0:
            dbm = -73
            adj = s5 / cal[5] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s7 <= 0:
            dbm = -63
            adj = s6 / cal[6] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
        else:
            dbm = -43
            adj = s7 / cal[7] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
    def get_name(self):
        return self.model
 
    def tune(self):
        print "tuning"
        curmode = self.get_mode().lower()
        #print "Current Mode ",curmode
 
        curpwr = self.get_pwr()
        if curpwr < 98:
            curpwr = curpwr + 1
 
        #print "Current Power ", curpwr
 
        #print "Current percent power ", curpwr
        self.set_mode("rtty")
        self.set_pwr(25)
        #print "Tuning power ", self.get_pwr()
        #print "PTT On"
        self.ptt_on()
        time.sleep(2)
        swr =  self.get_swr()
        #print "SWR :", swr
        time.sleep(1)
        self.ptt_off()
        #print "PTT Off"
        self.set_mode(curmode)
        #print "Mode reset ",self.get_mode()
        self.set_pwr(curpwr)
        print "Tuned : (ref pwr : %s)" % swr
        return "Tuned : (ref pwr : %s)" % swr
 
    def tx_rx(self, sendStr):
        lock.acquire()
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
        echo = self.ser.read(len(sendStr))
        if len(echo) != len(sendStr):
            return "0"
        byte = "0"
        result = ""
        count = 0
        while byte != eom:
            byte = self.ser.read()
            #print "%#02x" % ord(byte)
            result += byte
            count += 1
            if count > 10:
                break
        lock.release()
        #print ""
        return result
 
 
    def nib(self, s, i):
        k = ord(s[i / 2])
        if i % 2 == 0:
            k = k >> 4
        return k & 0xf
 
 
    def freq_bcd(self, d1, d2):
        return (16 * d1 + d2),

AOR AR7030 module

aor.py

aor.py

import serial
import threading
 
 
#sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sport = "/dev/ttyUSB1"
sbaud = 1200
 
lock = threading.Lock()
fract = float(2 ** 24) / 44545
 
 
class Ar7030(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=10)
        self.model = model
 
 
    def check_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        if result:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
    def set_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = ord(byte) | mask
        return result
 
    def clear_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = ~(1 << bit)
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        return result
 
    def get_ident(self):
        sendStr = '\x5f' + '\x40'
        ident = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
        return ident
 
    def get_pre(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
        p = self.check_bit(byte, 4)
        if p:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
        return
 
 
    def pre_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte :
        # bit0 = filter FS3
        # bit1 = filter FS2
        # bit2 = filter FS1
        # bit3 = filter FS4
        # bit4 = preamp enabled
        # bit5 = atten 0 = 20dB / 1 = 40dB
        # bit6 = input filter 0 = HF / 1 = LF
        # bit7 = attenuator enabled
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 ON = preamp ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 4)
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def pre_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 OFF = preamp OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 4)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def get_att(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        a = self.check_bit(byte, 7)
 
        if a:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
 
    def att_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 ON = ATT ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def att_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 OFF = att OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def set_freq(self, freq):
        fval = freq * fract
        #print fval
        b1 = 48 + int(fval / 1048576)
        fval = fval % 1048576
        b2 = 96 + int(fval / 65536)
        fval = fval % 65536
        b3 = 48 + int(fval / 4096)
        fval = fval % 4096
        b4 = 96 + int(fval / 256)
        fval = fval % 256
        b5 = 48 + int(fval / 16)
        b6 = 96 + int(fval % 16)
 
        f_tuple = ( b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6 )
 
        freqStr = ""
        for byte in f_tuple:
            freqStr += chr(byte)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a' + freqStr + '\x24' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Freq Set"
 
    def get_freq(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a'
 
        freqStr = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 3)
 
        f_val = 0
        for k in freqStr:
            f_val = f_val * 256 + ord(k)
 
        return "%.3f" % round(float(f_val / fract),2 )
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self, mode):
 
        if mode == "lsb":
            set_mode_val = "\x66"
        elif mode == "usb":
            set_mode_val = "\x67"
        elif mode == "am":
            set_mode_val = "\x61"
        elif mode == "cw":
            set_mode_val = "\x65"
        elif mode == "data":
            set_mode_val = "\x64"
        elif mode == "fm":
            set_mode_val = "\x63"
        elif mode == "s-am":
            set_mode_val = "\x62"
        else:
            return "Mode not recognized"
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4d' + set_mode_val + '\x22' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Mode sent"
 
    def get_mode(self):
 
        sendStr = "\x50" + "\x31" + "\x4d"
        m = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        mode = ""
        if m == "\x01":
            mode = "am"
        elif m == "\x02":
            mode = "s-am"
        elif m == "\x03":
            mode = "fm"
        elif m == "\x04":
            mode = "data"
        elif m == "\x05":
            mode = "cw"
        elif m == "\x06":
            mode = "lsb"
        elif m == "\x07":
            mode = "usb"
 
        return mode.upper()
 
 
    def get_s(self):
        sendStr = '\x2e'
        sraw = self.tx_rx(sendStr, True, 0)
 
        return ord(sraw)
 
    def get_cal(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x52' + '\x3f' + '\x44' + '\x11'
        #print "sending getcal"
        cbytes = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
 
        cal = []
 
        for c in cbytes:
            cal.append(ord(c))
 
        return cal
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        s = float(self.get_s())
        cal = self.get_cal()
 
        s1 = s - cal[0]
        s2 = s1 - cal[1]
        s3 = s2 - cal[2]
        s4 = s3 - cal[3]
        s5 = s4 - cal[4]
        s6 = s5 - cal[5]
        s7 = s6 - cal[6]
 
        if s1 <= 0:
            dbm = -123
            adj = s / cal[0] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s2 <= 0:
            dbm = -113
            adj = s1 / cal[1] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s3 <= 0:
            dbm = -103
            adj = s2 / cal[2] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s4 <= 0:
            dbm = -93
            adj = s3 / cal[3] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s5 <= 0:
            dbm = -83
            adj = s4 / cal[4] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s6 <= 0:
            dbm = -73
            adj = s5 / cal[5] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s7 <= 0:
            dbm = -63
            adj = s6 / cal[6] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        else:
            dbm = -43
            adj = s7 / cal[7] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
 
    def tx_rx(self, sendStr, reply, n):
        # apply thread lock
        lock.acquire()
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
 
        if reply:  # for reading S-meter
            result = ""
            while not result:
                result = self.ser.read(1)
            lock.release()
            return result
        else:
 
            result = ""
            byte = ""
            while n != 0:
                self.ser.write('\x71')
                #byte = ""
 
                while not byte:
                    byte = self.ser.read(1)
 
                result += byte
 
                byte = ""
                n -= 1
            lock.release()
            return result

Icom IC-M710 module

m710.py

m710.0y

'''
Python NMEA Radio Functions module for Icom IC-M710 Marine HF SSB Transceiver
 
    Copyright (C) 2015  John Pumford-Green
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
 
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
'''
 
# serial port for Icom IC-M710 Rig Control
 
import serial
import threading
import time
version = "v0.1"
 
sport = '/dev/ttyUSB0'
sbaud = 4800
 
#ser = serial.Serial(sport, 4800, timeout=1)
lock = threading.Lock()
 
# NMEA Codes
preamble = "$PICOA,"
controller = "90"
radio = "01" 
cr = "\x0d"
lf = "\x0a"
 
 
# Commands are sent as NMEA private sentences:
#
# $PICOA,controller_id,radio_id,command,<parameter>,*HH<CR><LF>
#
# where HH is the 2 digit ECC value below:
#
# The protocol document states that for messages FROM the controller TO the radio
# the ECC bytes are optional, and may be omitted. This appears to be false information, and
# the ECC bytes seem to be necessary.
#
# The ECC checksum, is a two-digit hex value found by XORing the hex values of the characters 
# between "$" and "*" (but not including the $ or *)
#
# The first part of the message is always:
# "PICOA,90,01," and this has an XOR value of (decimal) 112
# we then XOR this with each character's decimal ASCII value, in the required command
# and convert the result to a 2-digit hex value
#
 
class m710(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=0.1)
        self.model = model
 
 
    def get_ecc(self,command):
        ecc = 112
        for c in command:
            ecc = ord(c) ^ ecc
        hecc = '{0:02x}'.format(int(ecc))
 
        return hecc
 
# we must force the radio into "Remote" mode before sending any other commands.    
    def remote_on(self):
        command = "REMOTE,ON"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return self.remote_on()
 
 
 
# we can leave the radio in "Remote" mode for as long as we want to control it remotely
# but we must close the "Remote" mode when finished. The previous radio settings (channel/power etc) are
# restored after Remote mode is closed.
    def remote_off(self):
        command = "REMOTE,OFF"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr) 
        if result:
            #ser.close()
            return
        else:
            return self.remote_off()
 
 
    def ptt_on():
        command = "TRX,TX"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return ptt_on()
 
    def ptt_off():
        command = "TRX,RX"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return ptt_off()
 
 
 
    def get_freq(self):
        fkhz = self.get_rxfreq()
        #fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
        return fkhz
 
    def set_freq(self,freq):
 
        self.set_rxfreq(freq)
        self.set_txfreq(freq)
        return "Set freq success"
 
    def get_rxfreq(self):
        command = "RXF"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            f = list[4].split("*")[0]
            fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
            return fkhz
        else:
            return self.get_rxfreq()
 
 
    def get_txfreq(self):
        command = "TXF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            f = list[4].split("*")[0]
            fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
            return fkhz
        else:
            return self.get_txfreq()
 
 
    def get_mode(self):
        command = "MODE"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            mode = list[4].split("*")[0]
            if mode == "J2B":
                mode = "DATA"
            return mode
        else:
            return self.get_mode()
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self,mode):
        mode = mode.upper()
        if mode == "DATA":
            mode = "J2B"
 
        command = "MODE,"+mode
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
 
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        #print "in set_mode with ", sendStr
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_mode(mode)
 
 
    def set_rxfreq(self,freq):
 
        fmhz = float(freq) / 1000
        f = str(fmhz)
 
        command = "RXF,"+f
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_rxfreq(freq)
 
 
    def set_txfreq(self,freq):
 
        fmhz = float(freq) / 1000
        f = str(fmhz)
 
        command = "TXF,"+f
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_txfreq(freq)
 
    def get_txpower():
        command = "TXP"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            power = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return power
        else:
            return get_txpower()
 
    def set_txpower(p):
        command = "TXP,"+p
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_txpower(p)
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        command = "SIGM"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            smeter = (float(list[4].split("*")[0]) * 20) - 120 
            return smeter
        else:
            return self.get_smeter()
 
    def speaker_on():
        command = "SP,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return speaker_on()
 
 
    def speaker_off():
        command = "SP,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return speaker_off()
 
    def sql_on():
        command = "SQLC,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return sql_on()
 
    def sql_off():
        command = "SQLC,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return sql_off()
 
    def nb_on():
        command = "NB,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return nb_on()
 
    def nb_off():
        command = "NB,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return nb_off()
 
    def dim_on():
        command = "DIM,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return dim_on()
 
    def dim_off():
        command = "DIM,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return dim_off()
 
    def agc_on():
        command = "AGC,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return agc_on()
 
    def agc_off():
        command = "AGC,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return agc_off()
 
    def get_vol():
        command = "AFG"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            vol = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return vol
        else:
            return get_vol()
 
 
 
    def set_vol(v):
        command = "AFG,"+v
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_vol(v)
 
    def get_rfg():
        command = "RFG"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            rf = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return rf
        else:
            return get_rfg()
 
    def get_att(self):
        return
    def att_on(self):
        return
    def att_off(self):
        return
 
    def pre_on(self):
        return
    def pre_off(self):
        return
 
    def get_pre(self):
        return
 
    def set_rfg(v):
        command = "RFG,"+v
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_rfg(v)
 
    # The message FROM the radio may be corrupted so we do a check on the received ECC versus our calculated cECC
    # from the received characters - which are everything AFTER the "$" and BEFORE the "*"
    #
    # starting the ECC calculation at message[1] ignores the "$" and we iterate through the message XORing each 
    # character's ASCII (decimal) value until we have the final cECC which is converted by formatting it
    # into a two-digit hex value. This is then compared to the received (rECC) value from the radio's message. 
    # If they match the message is acceptable and check_ecc() returns True to tx_rx(), 
    # otherwise check_ecc() function returns "False" to tx_rx()
    # the True/False value is tested in tx_rx(). 
    # If True then tx_rx() returns the incoming string to the calling function
    # otherwise it returns "False". 
    # The calling function then checkS the boolean state of the returned value. 
    # If True (ie it has the radio's message and the ECC was good) the message 
    # is sent back to the client. 
    # If False the function calls itself again, and attempts to get an error-free reply from the radio, via tx_rx()
 
    def check_ecc(self,message, recc):
        i = 1
        cecc = 0
 
        while i < len(message):
            cecc = ord(message[i]) ^ cecc
            i += 1  
 
        cecc = '{0:02x}'.format(int(cecc))  
 
        if cecc == recc:   
            return True
        else: 
            return False
 
    def tx_rx(self,sendStr):
        #print "in tx_rx, sendStr =  " , sendStr
        lock.acquire()
 
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
        time.sleep(0.1)
        result = self.ser.readline()
 
        #print result
        reply = result.split("*")
        ecc = reply[1][0:2].lower()
        message = reply[0]
        lock.release()
 
        if self.check_ecc(message, ecc):
            return result
        else:
            return False
 
 
 
 
 
#

Text-mode client

client.py

client.py

__author__ = 'gm4slv'
# client to work with server_oo.py
# 
 
# # v0.1
 
import socket
 
try:
    import readline
except ImportError:
    pass
 
import threading
import time
 
 
HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9999
 
smlog = "pymon.txt"
log_active = []
 
 
def make_con():
    global sock
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.connect((HOST, PORT))
 
 
def get_rnum():
    global num
    global radios
 
    names = connect("listradios")
 
    radios = names.split()
    num = len(radios)
    return num
 
 
def get_rname(i):
    r = radios[i]
    return r
 
 
def list_radios():
    num = get_rnum()
    global radio
    print "\r\nThere are currently %d radios connected." % num
    for i in range(0, num):
        r = get_rname(i)
        print "Radio %d is %s" % (i + 1, r)
 
 
def get_lradio():
    num = get_rnum()
 
    lradio = raw_input("Select radio to log: ").strip()
 
    if not lradio:
        print "Please select a radio"
        return False
    elif int(lradio) > num:
        print "Selected radio not recognized"
        return False
 
    else:
 
        return lradio
 
 
def set_radio():
    num = get_rnum()
    # global radio
    global radio_num
    global rname
    print "There are currently %d radios connected." % num
    for i in range(0, num):
        r = get_rname(i)
        print "Radio %d is %s" % (i + 1, r)
 
    radio = raw_input("Choose a radio number from the list : ").strip()
    try:
        if not radio:
            print "Please select a radio"
            return False, False
 
        elif int(radio) > num:
            print "Selected radio not recognized"
            return False, False
    except ValueError:
        print "Please enter a number"
        return False, False
 
    else:
        radio_num = "".join(("r", radio))
        rname = get_rname(int(radio) - 1)
        return radio_num, rname
 
 
def prompt():
    print ""
    print "The available commands are:"
    print "lr   : List Radios"
    print "sr   : Select the Radio to control"
    print "gr   : Get currently selected Radio name"
    print "gm   : Get Mode"
    print "sm   : Set Mode"
    print "gf   : Get Freq"
    print "sf   : Set Freq"
    print "gs   : Get S-meter"
    print "gp   : Get Pre-amp"
    print "pon  : Set Pre-amp On"
    print "p2on : Set Pre-amp 2 On"
    print "poff : Set Pre-amp Off"
    print "gatt : Get Attn"
    print "aton : Set Attn On"
    print "atoff: Set Attn Off"
    print "ga   : Get All (status of all radios)"
    print "sync : Sync freq/mode on two radios"
    print "log  : Setup background logging to file"
    print "h    : Help (show this command list)"
    print "q    : quit"
    print ""
 
 
def start():
    global radio_num
    global rname
    global sock
    pfreq = connect("getfreq" + " " + radio_num)
    pmode = connect("getmode" + " " + radio_num)
 
    data = raw_input(rname + " (" + pfreq + " " + pmode + ") " + " > ").lower().strip()
    if len(data.split()) > 1:
        if (data.split())[0] == "sf":
            sfreq = (data.split())[1]
            freq = connect("setfreq" + " " + sfreq + " " + radio_num)
            print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, freq)
            start()
        elif (data.split())[0] == "sm":
            smode = (data.split())[1]
            mode = connect("setmode" + " " + smode + " " + radio_num)
            print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, mode)
            start()
        else:
 
            print "only one command at a time please"
            start()
    elif data == "u":
        oldf = connect("getfreq" + " " + radio_num)
        newf = str(float(oldf) + 1)
        freq = connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, freq)
        start()
 
    elif data == "d":
        oldf = connect("getfreq" + " " + radio_num)
        newf = str(float(oldf) - 1)
        freq = connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, freq)
        start()
 
    elif data == "lr":
        list_radios()
        start()
    elif data == "sr":
 
        radio_num, rname = set_radio()
 
        while not radio_num:
            radio_num, rname = set_radio()
 
        start()
 
    elif data == "gr":
        print "Radio selected is %s" % rname
        start()
 
    elif data == "gm":
        mode = connect("getmode" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, mode)
        start()
 
    elif data == "sm":
        smode = raw_input("Enter mode: ")
        mode = connect("setmode" + " " + smode + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, mode)
        start()
 
    elif data == "gf":
        freq = connect("getfreq" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s kHz" % (rname, freq)
        start()
 
    elif data == "sf":
        sfreq = raw_input("Enter freq (kHz): ")
        freq = connect("setfreq" + " " + sfreq + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, freq)
        start()
 
    elif data == "gs":
        smeter = connect("getsmeter" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %sdBm" % (rname, smeter)
        start()
 
    elif data == "gp":
        preamp = connect("getpreamp" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "pon":
        preamp = connect("preampon" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "p2on":
        preamp = connect("preamp2on" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "poff":
        preamp = connect("preampoff" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "gatt":
        preamp = connect("getatt" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "aton":
        att = connect("atton" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, att)
        start()
 
    elif data == "atoff":
        att = connect("attoff" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, att)
        start()
 
    elif data == "ga":
        get_all()
        start()
 
 
    elif data == "log":
        fname = raw_input("Enter a filename (or \"Return\" for default) :")
        if fname == "":
            fname = smlog
        # check file is valid
        try:
            f = open(fname, 'a+')
            f.close()
        except IOError:
            print "File/path not valid"
            start()
 
        list_radios()
 
        lradio = get_lradio()
 
        while not lradio:
            lradio = get_lradio()
 
        rname = get_rname(int(lradio) - 1)
        if lradio in log_active:
            print "Logging already active on " + rname
        else:
            tlog = int(raw_input("Enter a polling interval (seconds) :"))
            p = threading.Thread(target=log, args=(lradio, tlog, fname))
            p.setDaemon(True)
            p.start()
            log_active.append(lradio)
        start()
 
    elif data == "sync":
        sync_result = sync()
        print sync_result
        start()
 
 
    elif data == "h" or data == "help":
        prompt()
        start()
 
 
    elif data == "q" or data == "quit":
        rx = connect("quit")
        print "Server says: %s " % rx
 
    else:
        #prompt()
        start()
 
 
def get_all():
    num = get_rnum()
    global radio
    print "There are currently %d radios connected." % num
    print "=" * 33
    for i in range(0, num):
        r = get_rname(i)
        n = "".join(("r", str(i + 1)))
        freq = connect("getfreq" + " " + n)
        mode = connect("getmode" + " " + str(n))
        smeter = connect("getsmeter" + " " + str(n))
        preamp = connect("getpreamp" + " " + str(n))
        att = connect("getatt" + " " + str(n))
 
        print "Status of Radio %d (%s) \r\n" % (i + 1, r)
        print "Frequency : %s kHz" % freq
        print "Mode: %s" % mode
        print "S-Meter: %sdBm" % smeter
        print "Preamp = %s" % preamp
        print "Attenuator = %s " % att
        print "=" * 33
 
    print ""
 
 
def log(p, t, f):
    print "\n\n"
    tlog = t
    sradio = get_rname(int(p) - 1)
 
    sr = "".join(("r", str(p)))
    while True:
        try:
            frequency = connect("getfreq" + " " + sr + "\n")
            smeter = connect("getsmeter" + " " + sr + "\n")
            mode = connect("getmode" + " " + sr + "\n")
            write_file(f, sradio, mode, frequency, smeter)
            time.sleep(tlog)
        finally:
            pass
 
 
def get_mradio():
    num = get_rnum()
 
    mradio = raw_input("Choose Master radio number from the list: ").strip()
 
    if not mradio:
        print "Please select a radio"
        return False
    elif int(mradio) > num:
        print "Selected radio not recognized"
        return False
 
    else:
 
        return mradio
 
 
def get_sradio():
    num = get_rnum()
    sradio = raw_input("Choose Slave radio number from the list: ").strip()
 
    if not sradio:
        print "Please select a radio"
        return False
    elif int(sradio) > num:
        print "Selected radio not recognized"
        return False
 
    else:
 
        return sradio
 
 
def sync():
    num = get_rnum()
    print ""
    print "Set SLAVE to the same Frequency and Mode as MASTER.\r\n"
    print "Currently connected radios are:"
    for i in range(0, num):
        r = get_rname(i)
        print "%d is %s" % (i + 1, r)
 
    mradio = get_mradio()
    while not mradio:
        mradio = get_mradio()
 
    sradio = get_sradio()
    while not sradio:
        sradio = get_sradio()
    sr = "".join(("r", sradio))
    mr = "".join(("r", mradio))
    mfreq = connect("getfreq" + " " + mr)
    mmode = connect("getmode" + " " + mr)
 
    sfreq = connect("setfreq" + " " + mfreq + " " + sr)
    smode = connect("setmode" + " " + mmode + " " + sr)
 
    return (sfreq + "\r\n" + smode + "\r\n")
 
 
# Try to send and receive in one-go, to prevent the logging thread and the main prog
# getting the wrong receive data
 
def connect(data):
    try:
        lock.acquire()
        global sock
        sock.sendall(data + "\n")
        received = sock.recv(2048)
    finally:
        lock.release()
 
    return received
 
 
def write_file(fname, rname, mode, freq, smeter):
    filename = fname
    f = open(filename, 'a+')
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, rname, mode, freq, smeter, "\r\n"))
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
make_con()
 
lock = threading.Lock()
get_all()
print "Please choose a radio\r\n"
radio_num, rname = set_radio()
while not radio_num:
    radio_num, rname = set_radio()
 
prompt()
start()

Example session

There are currently 3 radios connected.
=================================
Status of Radio 1 (IC-R75) 
 
Frequency : 2187.500 kHz
Mode: DATA
S-Meter: -114.2dBm
Preamp = 0
Attenuator = 0 
=================================
Status of Radio 2 (IC-M710) 
 
Frequency : 16804.500 kHz
Mode: DATA
S-Meter: -120.0dBm
Preamp = None
Attenuator = None 
=================================
Status of Radio 3 (AR7030) 
 
Frequency : 2182.000 kHz
Mode: USB
S-Meter: -110.3dBm
Preamp = 0
Attenuator = 0 
=================================
 
Please choose a radio
 
There are currently 3 radios connected.
Radio 1 is IC-R75
Radio 2 is IC-M710
Radio 3 is AR7030
Choose a radio number from the list : 3
 
The available commands are:
lr   : List Radios
sr   : Select the Radio to control
gr   : Get currently selected Radio name
gm   : Get Mode
sm   : Set Mode
gf   : Get Freq
sf   : Set Freq
gs   : Get S-meter
gp   : Get Pre-amp
pon  : Set Pre-amp On
p2on : Set Pre-amp 2 On
poff : Set Pre-amp Off
gatt : Get Attn
aton : Set Attn On
atoff: Set Attn Off
ga   : Get All (status of all radios)
sync : Sync freq/mode on two radios
log  : Setup background logging to file
h    : Help (show this command list)
q    : quit
 
AR7030 (2182.000 USB)  > sf 5680
AR7030 replied: Freq Set
AR7030 (5680.000 USB)  >

GUI Client

No S-meter version

gui_nosmeter.py

gui_nosmeter.py

# # new class-based gui
 
from Tkinter import *
import socket
import threading
import time
 
 
 
class Network(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.sock = self.make_con()
 
    def make_con(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.connect(("192.168.21.107", 9999))
        return self.sock
 
    def connect(self, data):
        try:
            lock.acquire()
            self.sock.sendall(data + "\n")
            self.received = self.sock.recv(2048)
        finally:
            lock.release()
            return self.received
 
class Dash(object):
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
 
        self.s = (n1.sock.getsockname())
        self.p = (n1.sock.getpeername())
 
 
 
        dash_frame = Toplevel(master, borderwidth = 2, relief = GROOVE, bg = 'black')
        dash_frame.title("Server")
        dash_frame.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.handler)
        dash_frame.resizable(0, 0)
        dash_frame.geometry("300x150+10-10")
        dash_frame.grid()
 
        #self.utc_time = StringVar()
        #Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.utc_time, fg = 'green', bg = 'black').grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.s, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = " < --- > ", bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 1)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.p, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 2, sticky = E)
 
        self.server_msg_l = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.server_msg_l, fg = 'yellow', bg = 'black').grid(row = 2, column = 0, columnspan = 3, sticky = W)
 
        q_button = Button(dash_frame, text = "Quit", command = lambda: close())
        q_button.grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
    def handler(self):
        pass
 
    def up_dash(self):
        self.server_msg = n1.connect("ident")
        self.server_msg_l.set(self.server_msg)
        #self.utc_time.set(time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M", time.gmtime(time.time())))
        return
 
class nRadio(object):
    def __init__(self, master, radio):
        self.master = master
 
        self.radio = radio
        self.num = "".join(("r", self.radio))
 
 
        radio_frame = Frame(master, borderwidth=2, relief=GROOVE)
 
        radio_frame.grid()
        self.smeter_list = []
 
        Label(radio_frame, text="Name", width=10).grid(row=0, column=0)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Freq/kHz", width=10).grid(row=0, column=1)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Mode", width=10).grid(row=0, column=2)
        #Label(radio_frame, text="Signal/dBm", width=10).grid(row=0, column=3)
        #Label(radio_frame, text="Max/dBm", width=10, fg='red').grid(row=0, column=4)
        #Label(radio_frame, text="Ave/dBm", width=10, fg='green').grid(row=0, column=5)
        #Label(radio_frame, text="Min/dBm", width=10, fg='blue').grid(row=0, column=6)
 
        self.name_l = StringVar()
        self.l_name = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.name_l, width=10)
        self.l_name.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
 
        self.freq_l = StringVar()
        self.l_freq = Label(radio_frame, fg='red', textvariable=self.freq_l, width=10)
        self.l_freq.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
 
        self.mode_l = StringVar()
        self.l_mode = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.mode_l, width=10)
        self.l_mode.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=E)
        '''
        self.e_mode = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_mode.grid(row=2, column=2)
        self.e_mode.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_mode(self.num)))
        '''
        #self.e_mode = StringVar()
        self.b_mode_usb = Button(radio_frame, text = "USB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("usb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_usb.grid(row = 3, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_lsb = Button(radio_frame, text = "LSB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("lsb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_lsb.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_cw = Button(radio_frame, text = "CW", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("cw", self.num))
        self.b_mode_cw.grid(row = 4, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_am = Button(radio_frame, text = "AM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("am", self.num))
        self.b_mode_am.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_data = Button(radio_frame, text = "Data", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("data", self.num))
        self.b_mode_data.grid(row = 3, column = 2)
 
        self.b_qsy_up = Button(radio_frame, text = "+1kHz", width = 6, command = lambda: self.qsy_up( self.num))
        self.b_qsy_up.grid(row = 3, column = 3)
 
        self.b_qsy_down = Button(radio_frame, text = "-1kHz", width = 6, command = lambda: self.qsy_down( self.num))
        self.b_qsy_down.grid(row = 4, column = 3)
 
        self.b_update = Button(radio_frame, text = "Get", width = 6, command = lambda:self.get_all())
        self.b_update.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
 
 
        self.smeter_l = StringVar()
        self.l_smeter = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.smeter_l, width=10)
        #self.l_smeter.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.max_var = StringVar()
        self.l_max = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.max_var, width=10)
        #self.l_max.grid(row=1, column=4)
 
        self.ave_var = StringVar()
        self.l_average = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.ave_var, width=10)
        #self.l_average.grid(row=1, column=5)
 
        self.min_var = StringVar()
        self.l_min = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.min_var, width=10)
        #self.l_min.grid(row=1, column=6)
 
        self.e_freq = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_freq.grid(row=2, column=1)
        self.e_freq.focus()
        self.e_freq.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_freq(self.num)))
 
 
 
        self.pre = IntVar()
        self.cb_pre = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable=self.pre, command=lambda: self.preamp_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_pre.grid(row=5, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.l_pre = Label(radio_frame, width=10, text="Preamp")
        self.l_pre.grid(row=5, column=2, sticky=W)
 
        self.att = IntVar()
        self.cb_att = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable=self.att, command=lambda: self.att_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_att.grid(row=6, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.l_att = Label(radio_frame, width=10, text="Att")
        self.l_att.grid(row=6, column=2, sticky=W)
 
        self.set_log = IntVar()
        self.cb_log = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable = self.set_log)
        #self.cb_log.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
 
        self.l_log = Label(radio_frame, width = 10, text = "Log to file...")
        #self.l_log.grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = E)
 
        self.c1 = Canvas(radio_frame, width=260, height=100, bg='black')
        #self.c1.grid(row=2, column=3, columnspan=4, rowspan=3)
 
        name = self.get_name(radio)
 
 
    def get_all(self):
 
        self.get_freq(self.num)
        self.get_mode(self.num)
        #self.get_smeter(self.num)
        self.get_preamp(self.num)
        self.get_atten(self.num)
        #self.graph_points()       
        #self.avg()
        #self.max()
        #self.min()
 
        if self.set_log.get() == 1:
            if int(time.time()) % 10.0 == 0:
                self.write_file()
        return
 
    def get_freq(self, radio):
 
        self.freq = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        self.freq_l.set(self.freq)
        return
 
    def set_freq(self, radio):
        self.freq = str(self.e_freq.get())
        self.newfreq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + self.freq + " " + radio)
        self.e_freq.delete(0, END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def qsy_up(self,radio):
 
        oldf = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        newf = str(float(oldf) + 1)
        freq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def qsy_down(self,radio):
        oldf = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        newf = str(float(oldf) - 1)
        freq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def get_mode(self, radio):
        self.mode = n1.connect("getmode" + " " + radio)
        self.mode_l.set(self.mode)
        return
 
    def set_mode(self, mode, radio):
        #self.mode = str(self.e_mode.get())
        self.newmode = n1.connect("setmode" + " " + mode + " " + radio)
        #self.e_mode.delete(0, END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def get_smeter(self, radio):
        self.smeter = n1.connect("getsmeter" + " " + radio)
        self.smeter_l.set(self.smeter)
        self.smeter_list.append(float(self.smeter))
        if len(self.smeter_list) > 120:
            self.smeter_list.pop(0)
        return
 
    def avg(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        total = 0
        for i in s:
            total += i
        self.av = round((total / len(s)), 1)
        self.ave_var.set(str(self.av))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), fill="green")
        return self.av
 
    def min(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mn = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i < self.mn:
                self.mn = i
        self.min_var.set(str(self.mn))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), fill="blue")
        return self.mn
 
    def max(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mx = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i > self.mx:
                self.mx = i
        self.max_var.set(str(self.mx))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), fill="red")
        return self.mx
 
    def get_preamp(self, radio):
        self.preamp = n1.connect("getpreamp" + " " + radio)
        if self.preamp == "1":
            self.cb_pre.select()
        elif self.preamp == "0":
            self.cb_pre.deselect()
        return
 
    def preamp_onoff(self, radio):
        self.prestate = self.pre.get()
        if self.prestate:
            n1.connect("preampon" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("preampoff" + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def att_onoff(self, radio):
        self.attstate = self.att.get()
        if self.attstate:
            n1.connect("atton" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("attoff" + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
 
    def get_atten(self, radio):
        self.atten = n1.connect("getatt" + " " + radio)
        if self.atten == "1":
            self.cb_att.select()
        elif self.atten == "0":
            self.cb_att.deselect()
        return
 
    def get_name(self, radio):
        print radio
        self.all_names = n1.connect("listradios")
        self.radios = self.all_names.split()
        print self.radios
        self.name = self.radios[int(radio) - 1]
        self.name_l.set(self.name)
        return
 
    def graph_points(self):
        seq = self.smeter_list
        y_stretch = 1
        y_gap = 5
        x_stretch = 0
        x_width = 2
        x_gap = 2
        height = 100
        self.c1.delete(ALL)
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), fill='white')
        for x, y in enumerate(seq):
            yd = y + 123
            x0 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_gap
            y0 = height - (yd * y_stretch + y_gap)
            x1 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_width + x_gap
            y1 = height - y_gap
            self.c1.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill="yellow")
 
    def write_file(self):
        self.filename = self.name+".txt"
        self.f = open(self.filename, 'a+')
        timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
        log = " ".join((timenow, self.name, self.mode, self.freq, self.smeter, self.preamp, self.atten, "\r\n"))
        self.f.write(log)
        self.f.close()
 
def update():
    #loops = 0
 
    try:
        nRadio1.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio2.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio3.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio4.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    d1.up_dash()
    return
 
def main():
    #loops = 0
    while True:
        try:
            nRadio1.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio2.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio3.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio4.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        d1.up_dash()
        #loops += 1
        #print threading.currentThread().name, loops
        time.sleep(5)
 
def close():
    n1.connect("quit")
    root.destroy()
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    version = "v0.4"
    lock = threading.Lock()
    root = Tk()
    #w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    #root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h))
    #root.geometry("300x520+0+0")
    root.title("Netradio " + version)
    #root.withdraw()
    n1 = Network()
    #radio_count = (n1.connect("count"))
    #radio_count = 3
 
    radio_count = int(n1.connect("count"))
    if radio_count > 0:
        nRadio1 = nRadio(root, "1")
    if radio_count > 1:
        nRadio2 = nRadio(root, "2")
    if radio_count > 2:
        nRadio3 = nRadio(root, "3")
    if radio_count > 3:
        nRadio4 = nRadio(root, "4")
 
    d1 = Dash(root)
 
    #print threading.currentThread().name
    #m1 = threading.Thread(target = main)
    #m1.setDaemon(True)
    #m1.start()
 
    update()
 
    root.mainloop()

S-meter display version

gui.py

gui.py

# # new class-based gui
 
from Tkinter import *
import socket
import threading
import time
 
 
 
class Network(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.sock = self.make_con()
 
    def make_con(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.connect(("192.168.21.107", 9999))
        return self.sock
 
    def connect(self, data):
        try:
            lock.acquire()
            self.sock.sendall(data + "\n")
            self.received = self.sock.recv(2048)
        finally:
            lock.release()
            return self.received
 
class Dash(object):
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
 
        self.s = (n1.sock.getsockname())
        self.p = (n1.sock.getpeername())
 
 
 
        dash_frame = Toplevel(master, borderwidth = 2, relief = GROOVE, bg = 'black')
        dash_frame.title("Server")
        dash_frame.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.handler)
        dash_frame.resizable(0, 0)
        dash_frame.geometry("300x150-10+10")
        dash_frame.grid()
 
        self.utc_time = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.utc_time, fg = 'green', bg = 'black').grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.s, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = " < --- > ", bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 1)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.p, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 2, sticky = E)
 
        self.server_msg_l = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.server_msg_l, fg = 'yellow', bg = 'black').grid(row = 2, column = 0, columnspan = 3, sticky = W)
 
        q_button = Button(dash_frame, text = "Quit", command = lambda: close())
        q_button.grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
    def handler(self):
        pass
 
    def up_dash(self):
        self.server_msg = n1.connect("ident")
        self.server_msg_l.set(self.server_msg)
        self.utc_time.set(time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M", time.gmtime(time.time())))
        return
 
class nRadio(object):
    def __init__(self, master, radio):
        self.master = master
 
        self.radio = radio
        self.num = "".join(("r", self.radio))
 
 
        radio_frame = Frame(master, borderwidth=2, relief=GROOVE)
 
        radio_frame.grid()
        self.smeter_list = []
 
        Label(radio_frame, text="Name", width=10).grid(row=0, column=0)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Freq/kHz", width=10).grid(row=0, column=1)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Mode", width=10).grid(row=0, column=2)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Signal/dBm", width=10).grid(row=0, column=3)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Max/dBm", width=10, fg='red').grid(row=0, column=4)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Ave/dBm", width=10, fg='green').grid(row=0, column=5)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Min/dBm", width=10, fg='blue').grid(row=0, column=6)
 
        self.name_l = StringVar()
        self.l_name = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.name_l, width=10)
        self.l_name.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
 
        self.freq_l = StringVar()
        self.l_freq = Label(radio_frame, fg='red', textvariable=self.freq_l, width=10)
        self.l_freq.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
 
        self.mode_l = StringVar()
        self.l_mode = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.mode_l, width=10)
        self.l_mode.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=E)
        '''
        self.e_mode = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_mode.grid(row=2, column=2)
        self.e_mode.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_mode(self.num)))
        '''
        #self.e_mode = StringVar()
        self.b_mode_usb = Button(radio_frame, text = "USB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("usb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_usb.grid(row = 3, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_lsb = Button(radio_frame, text = "LSB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("lsb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_lsb.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_cw = Button(radio_frame, text = "CW", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("cw", self.num))
        self.b_mode_cw.grid(row = 4, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_am = Button(radio_frame, text = "AM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("am", self.num))
        self.b_mode_am.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_data = Button(radio_frame, text = "Data", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("data", self.num))
        self.b_mode_data.grid(row = 3, column = 2)
 
        self.smeter_l = StringVar()
        self.l_smeter = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.smeter_l, width=10)
        self.l_smeter.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.max_var = StringVar()
        self.l_max = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.max_var, width=10)
        self.l_max.grid(row=1, column=4)
 
        self.ave_var = StringVar()
        self.l_average = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.ave_var, width=10)
        self.l_average.grid(row=1, column=5)
 
        self.min_var = StringVar()
        self.l_min = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.min_var, width=10)
        self.l_min.grid(row=1, column=6)
 
        self.e_freq = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_freq.grid(row=2, column=1)
        self.e_freq.focus()
        self.e_freq.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_freq(self.num)))
 
 
 
        self.pre = IntVar()
        self.cb_pre = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable=self.pre, command=lambda: self.preamp_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_pre.grid(row=5, column=4, sticky=E)
 
        self.l_pre = Label(radio_frame, width=10, text="Preamp")
        self.l_pre.grid(row=5, column=3, sticky=W)
 
        self.att = IntVar()
        self.cb_att = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable=self.att, command=lambda: self.att_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_att.grid(row=6, column=4, sticky=E)
 
        self.l_att = Label(radio_frame, width=10, text="Att")
        self.l_att.grid(row=6, column=3, sticky=W)
 
        self.set_log = IntVar()
        self.cb_log = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable = self.set_log)
        self.cb_log.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
 
        self.l_log = Label(radio_frame, width = 10, text = "Log to file...")
        self.l_log.grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = E)
 
        self.c1 = Canvas(radio_frame, width=260, height=100, bg='black')
        self.c1.grid(row=2, column=3, columnspan=4, rowspan=3)
 
        name = self.get_name(radio)
 
 
    def get_all(self):
 
        self.get_freq(self.num)
        self.get_mode(self.num)
        self.get_smeter(self.num)
        self.get_preamp(self.num)
        self.get_atten(self.num)
        self.graph_points()       
        self.avg()
        self.max()
        self.min()
 
        if self.set_log.get() == 1:
            if int(time.time()) % 10.0 == 0:
                self.write_file()
        return
 
    def get_freq(self, radio):
 
        self.freq = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        self.freq_l.set(self.freq)
        return
 
    def set_freq(self, radio):
        self.freq = str(self.e_freq.get())
        self.newfreq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + self.freq + " " + radio)
        self.e_freq.delete(0, END)
 
        return
 
    def get_mode(self, radio):
        self.mode = n1.connect("getmode" + " " + radio)
        self.mode_l.set(self.mode)
        return
 
    def set_mode(self, mode, radio):
        #self.mode = str(self.e_mode.get())
        self.newmode = n1.connect("setmode" + " " + mode + " " + radio)
        #self.e_mode.delete(0, END)
        return
 
    def get_smeter(self, radio):
        self.smeter = n1.connect("getsmeter" + " " + radio)
        self.smeter_l.set(self.smeter)
        self.smeter_list.append(float(self.smeter))
        if len(self.smeter_list) > 120:
            self.smeter_list.pop(0)
        return
 
    def avg(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        total = 0
        for i in s:
            total += i
        self.av = round((total / len(s)), 1)
        self.ave_var.set(str(self.av))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), fill="green")
        return self.av
 
    def min(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mn = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i < self.mn:
                self.mn = i
        self.min_var.set(str(self.mn))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), fill="blue")
        return self.mn
 
    def max(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mx = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i > self.mx:
                self.mx = i
        self.max_var.set(str(self.mx))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), fill="red")
        return self.mx
 
    def get_preamp(self, radio):
        self.preamp = n1.connect("getpreamp" + " " + radio)
        if self.preamp == "1":
            self.cb_pre.select()
        elif self.preamp == "0":
            self.cb_pre.deselect()
        return
 
    def preamp_onoff(self, radio):
        self.prestate = self.pre.get()
        if self.prestate:
            n1.connect("preampon" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("preampoff" + " " + radio)
        return
 
    def att_onoff(self, radio):
        self.attstate = self.att.get()
        if self.attstate:
            n1.connect("atton" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("attoff" + " " + radio)
        return
 
 
    def get_atten(self, radio):
        self.atten = n1.connect("getatt" + " " + radio)
        if self.atten == "1":
            self.cb_att.select()
        elif self.atten == "0":
            self.cb_att.deselect()
        return
 
    def get_name(self, radio):
        print radio
        self.all_names = n1.connect("listradios")
        self.radios = self.all_names.split()
        print self.radios
        self.name = self.radios[int(radio) - 1]
        self.name_l.set(self.name)
        return
 
    def graph_points(self):
        seq = self.smeter_list
        y_stretch = 1
        y_gap = 5
        x_stretch = 0
        x_width = 2
        x_gap = 2
        height = 100
        self.c1.delete(ALL)
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), fill='white')
        for x, y in enumerate(seq):
            yd = y + 123
            x0 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_gap
            y0 = height - (yd * y_stretch + y_gap)
            x1 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_width + x_gap
            y1 = height - y_gap
            self.c1.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill="yellow")
 
    def write_file(self):
        self.filename = self.name+".txt"
        self.f = open(self.filename, 'a+')
        timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
        log = " ".join((timenow, self.name, self.mode, self.freq, self.smeter, self.preamp, self.atten, "\r\n"))
        self.f.write(log)
        self.f.close()
 
 
 
def main():
    #loops = 0
    while True:
        try:
            nRadio1.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio2.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio3.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio4.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        d1.up_dash()
        #loops += 1
        #print threading.currentThread().name, loops
        time.sleep(1)
 
def close():
    n1.connect("quit")
    root.destroy()
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    version = "v0.3"
    lock = threading.Lock()
    root = Tk()
    #w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    #root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h))
    root.geometry("550x600+0+0")
    root.title("GM4SLV Radio Controller " + version)
    #root.withdraw()
    n1 = Network()
    #radio_count = (n1.connect("count"))
    #radio_count = 3
 
    radio_count = int(n1.connect("count"))
    if radio_count > 0:
        nRadio1 = nRadio(root, "1")
    if radio_count > 1:
        nRadio2 = nRadio(root, "2")
    if radio_count > 2:
        nRadio3 = nRadio(root, "3")
    if radio_count > 3:
        nRadio4 = nRadio(root, "4")
 
    d1 = Dash(root)
 
    #print threading.currentThread().name
    m1 = threading.Thread(target = main)
    m1.setDaemon(True)
    m1.start()
 
 
 
    root.mainloop()

Further Information

Raspberry Pi Farm

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 20:39:30 +0000

←Radio Topics

Raspberry Pi Farm

I seem to collect Raspberry Pis - not sure if they breed when you put them away in a box while waiting for a new project….

Gone but not forgotten

Pi number	Main Use	Callsign	Hardware interface	Main software	Frequency
VHF / HF X-Gate Project	X-Gate		Homebrew X-gate	Python xgate	HF ⇔ VHF (QRT at present)
DMR HotSpots	Pi-Star DMR Hotspot	235442901	DVMega	Pi-Star	438.800MHz
GM4SLV Allstar	AllStar Gateway	GM4SLV	CM108 soundcard FT-8900	Asterisk	430.050MHz
APRS	APRS iGate	GM4SLV-2	TNC-Pi	aprx or dixprs	144.800MHz
svxlink hotspot	SVXLink Gateway	GM4SLV	CM108 soundcard IC-2E	SVXLink	144.600MHz
Openweb SDR	Web SDR		Funcube Dongle Pro+	Openwebrx	HF Bands

—- John Pumford-Green Wed May 4 10:23:56 2022

Page Updated : 04/06/26 21:39 BST

radio, pi, linux

VHF / HF Xgate 2024

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 20:38:12 +0000

←HF / VHF Xgate

VHF / HF Xgate 2024

Revisiting an old project

Previously...

VHF / HF X-Gate Project

DTMF Commands on VHF Port

DTMF Commands

Function	Command	Comment
Log on	0#
Log off	99#
Set Frequency	*1fffff#	ffff.f kHz
Set Channel	*1xxxx#	mem chan xxxx
Set Mode USB	*21#
Set Mode LSB	*22#
Set Mode AM	*23#
Set TX Power Low	*41#	15W
Set TX Power Medium	*42#	50W
Set TX Power High	*43#	100W
QSY Down 0.5kHz	*5#
QSY Up 0.5kHz	*6#
Monitor HF	*7#	5 seconds
Monitor HF	*7xx#	xx seconds
Monitor HF	71#	(Duplex Mode) Continuous Monitor ON
Monitor HF	70#	(Duplex Mode) Continuous Monitor OFF
ATU Tune	*8#
Status	*9#
S-Meter	*91#
Full Status	*93#
Talkthrough ON	*01#
Talkthrough OFF	*00#

Plans for 2024

Re-install all the hardware:
- IC-M710
- Raspberry Pi X-Gate controller
- X-Gate Interface with syllabic squelch and DTMF decoder
Test in full-duplex VHF/UHF mode to identify any issues that need addressing to bring back to normal function
Suspend or stop completely VHF APRS to free up V/UHF for X-Gate
Test remote operation from Vehicle - V/UHF coverage is unlikely to be very good…
Revisit Python code if necessary to add/remove features.
Actually have real QSOs on HF using the X-Gate!

2024 Progress

23/3/24

Connected X-Gate Interface, R.Pi controller, IC-M710 and FT8900
Initial problem with crashing due to USB problems on R.Pi causing USB/Serial adaptor (for control of IC-M710) to fail - this was cured by using different 5V USB power supply.
Speech clipper removed from HF TX audio path due to distortion and poor audio quality.
HF Audio drive level set to give correct HF SSB Power out
Web server status page available by port forwarding at http://gm4slv.plus.com:42109/
VHF uplink changed to split-band
- Input : 144.650MHz
- Output: 435.400MHz
- This allows control even when in permanent “Monitor” or “Talkthrough”
- Enabled a 15-minute CW ident on the UHF port which identifies with my callsign and the current HF frequency/mode.

TMUX Session

Xgate software runs in a Tmux session with 3 panes
- Xgate software - printing commands etc. from the running controller code
- Relay control - independantly control various Xgate relays (PTT, Monitor, Mute, CW tone) directly, while main xgate is running.
- a shell for editing code etc.

24/3/24 : Thoughts....

Is the “HF Channel” 4-digit input selection really of any value?
- It requires memorizing channel numbers and saves entering only one or two digits.
- Will probably drop this function unless I find a use for it soon.
- Perhaps change to 2-digit channels and limit to a few frequently used frequency/mode combinations?

The current channels are: Memory Dictionary (4 digits)

mem_dict = {
        "0101" : ["1942.0", "LSB"],
        "0102" : ["1933.0", "LSB"],
        "0103" : ["1957.0", "LSB"],
        "0104" : ["1985.0", "LSB"],
        "0105" : ["1966.0", "LSB"],
        "0301" : ["3773.0", "LSB"],
        "0302" : ["3760.0", "LSB"],
        "0303" : ["3615.0", "AM"],
        "0501" : ["5276.0","USB"],
        "0502" : ["5279.0","USB"],
        "0503" : ["5298.0","USB"],
        "0504" : ["5301.0","USB"],
        "0505" : ["5304.0","USB"],
        "0506" : ["5317.0","AM"],
        "0507" : ["5320.0", "USB"],
        "0508" : ["5333.0", "USB"],
        "0509" : ["5354.0", "USB"],
        "0510" : ["5363.0", "USB"],
        "0511" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "0512" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0513" : ["5378.0", "USB"],
        "0514" : ["5395.0", "USB"],
        "0515" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "0516" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0521" : ["5258.5", "USB"],
        "0522" : ["5278.5", "USB"],
        "0523" : ["5288.5", "USB"],
        "0524" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "0525" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0526" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "0527" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0531" : ["5330.5", "USB"],
        "0532" : ["5346.5", "USB"],
        "0533" : ["5357.0", "USB"],
        "0534" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0535" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0591" : ["5450.0", "USB"],
        "0592" : ["5505.0", "USB"],
        "0701" : ["7160.0", "LSB"],
        "1091" : ["10051.0", "USB"]
        }

Initial try at 2-digit memory channels

mem_dict = {
 
        "01" : ["5279.0","USB"],
        "02" : ["5320.0", "USB"],
        "03" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "04" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "05" : ["5378.0", "USB"],
        "06" : ["5395.0", "USB"],
        "07" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "08" : ["5450.0", "USB"],
        "09" : ["5505.0", "USB"],
        "10" : ["7160.0", "LSB"],
        }

One change in main xgate code:

 if len(command_two[2:]) == 4:

becomes

 if len(command_two[2:]) == 2:

                elif command_two[:2] == "*1":
                    write_file("Frequency / Memory")
                    #if len(command_two[2:]) == 4:
                    if len(command_two[2:]) == 2:
                        new_freq = float(mem_dict[command_two[2:]][0])
                        new_mode = mem_dict[command_two[2:]][1]
                        write_file("Memory Channel selected %s" % mem_dict[command_two[2:]])
                        set_frequency(new_freq)
                        set_mode(new_mode)
                        write_status("freq",str(new_freq))
                        write_status("mode",new_mode)
                    else:
                        new_freq = float(command_two[2:])/10
                        set_frequency(new_freq)
                        write_status("freq",str(new_freq))

modified main xgate code to be able to start in simplex or duplex mode by the choice of commandline argument:
- for simplex (single frequency/band uplink/downlink) which will disable the continuous monitor function to avoid getting locked out →

./xgate_current.py s

for duplex (separate uplink and downlink bands) which will enable the continuous monitor function, as it is always possible to send a command on the uplink band while the downlink is transmitting →

./xgate_current.py d

I've updated the mercurial repository - added new files, committed recent changes and made a clone of it on the shack laptop - in Dropbox (which might be a bad idea?)

There's another page about simple Mercurial , as an aid to remembering how to do it each time.

24/3/24

xgate_m710.zip

Xgate scripts

Mobile Cross-band repeat access

29/3/24

If the X-gate is set to simplex mode (single band control) on VHF it should be possible to access the system via a mobile cross-band repeater from a low power UHF handheld.

This extends the range of the local VHF network.

If you are within UHF simplex range of the V/UHF cross-band repeater (usually vehicle mounted) and the vehicle is located within VHF range of the X-Gate (e.g. on a suitable distant hill-top) it should be possible to access the X-Gate and log in/change frequency etc. and to operate through it on HF, from the UHF side of the vehicle's Cross-Band repeater.

I am beginning tests on this using a TM-D710 mobile and TH-D72 handheld.

From the RSGB Band Plan

144.500 MHz Image Modes (SSTV, Fax etc)
144.600 MHz Data Centre of Activity (MGM, RTTY etc)
433.8000-434.2500 MHz Digital communications & Experiments

On 2m an appropriate place seems to be between 144.500 and 144.600, where there don't seem to be any prior centre-of-activity channels carved out.

I'll use 144.575MHz.

On 70cm an appropriate place seems to be between 433.800 and 434.250 - experiments

I'll use 433.825MHz

X-Gate uplink changed to Simplex : 144.575MHz

Talkthrough Watchdog Timer

I found an old piece of the python code I'd written that adds a Talkthrough Timeout to the X-Gate. It detects the commencement of a Talkthrough period and starts a timer. The timeout of this watchdog is set in the code, as is a pre-timeout warning time.

At the end of the warning time the VHF port sends “di-dit” every 20 seconds superimposed over the talkthrough (HF Receive) audio, to warn the VHF user(s) that the talkthrough will terminate soon.

At the end of the timeout period the Talkthrough is turned off and the system returns to it's quiescent state.

The Barrett 2062 Crossgate has a 10 minute inactivity timeout, which closes the cross-connection (talkthrough) after 10 minutes with no user activity.

My X-Gate doesn't take into consideration user activity, as the VHF→HF PTT does not get monitored by the X-Gate, so it is not currently possible to quantify “user inactivity”, by observing if there's any traffic on the VHF port. The Watchdog as it stands is a safety precaution against talkthrough getting locked up in transmit (in either direction).

After a timeout it's a simple matter of logging in again via VHF DTMF and re-starting talkthrough if it's still required. The “warning pips” give notice that this action is soon to be needed. If talkthrough is no longer needed then no further action is required.

Ideas

Make the Watchdog timer user switchable - be able to disable it if required.

Added new DTMF Commands “Timeout on” = * 3 1 #, “Timeout off” = * 3 0 #
Use these to write to the “status” file
The watchdog process can check the status file to decide whether to take action or not
Tested and it works as expected

Problems

29/3/24

Found that the IC-M710 HF radio has poor receive sensitivity - well below spec. 12dB SINAD should be at 0.5uV but it needs more like 3uV (or more) which is quite poor
X-Gate taken out of use until I can either repair the IC-M710 or make up connections to use the IC-7200. The latter needs a 13-pin DIN plug for the rear panel ACC socket.

Further Information

GM4SLV XGate

Status Page

http://gm4slv.plus.com:42109/

radio, xgate

Old stuff but good

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Old stuff but good

Alpine

.pinerc

#
# Alpine configuration file
#
# This file sets the configuration options used by Alpine and PC-Alpine. These
# options are usually set from within Alpine or PC-Alpine. There may be a
# system-wide configuration file which sets the defaults for some of the
# variables. On Unix, run alpine -conf to see how system defaults have been set.
# For variables that accept multiple values, list elements are separated by
# commas. A line beginning with a space or tab is considered to be a
# continuation of the previous line. For a variable to be unset its value must
# be blank. To set a variable to the empty string its value should be "".
# You can override system defaults by setting a variable to the empty string.
# Lines beginning with "#" are comments, and ignored by Alpine.

# Over-rides your full name from Unix password file. Required for PC-Alpine.
personal-name=

# Sets domain part of From: and local addresses in outgoing mail.
user-domain=gm4slv.plus.com

# List of SMTP servers for sending mail. If blank: Unix Alpine uses sendmail.
smtp-server=relay.plus.net:587/user=gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com

# NNTP server for posting news. Also sets news-collections for news reading.
nntp-server=""

# Path of (local or remote) INBOX, e.g. ={mail.somewhere.edu}inbox
# Normal Unix default is the local INBOX (usually /var/spool/mail/$USER).
inbox-path={imap.plus.net:993/ssl/user=gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com}inbox

# List of folder pairs; the first indicates a folder to archive, and the
# second indicates the folder read messages in the first should
# be moved to.
incoming-archive-folders=

# List of folders, assumed to be in first folder collection,
# offered for pruning each month.  For example: mumble
pruned-folders=

# Over-rides default path for sent-mail folder, e.g. =old-mail (using first
# folder collection dir) or ={host2}sent-mail or ="" (to suppress saving).
# Default: sent-mail (Unix) or SENTMAIL.MTX (PC) in default folder collection.
default-fcc={imap.plus.net:993/ssl/user=gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com}Inbox.Sent

# Over-rides default path for saved-msg folder, e.g. =saved-messages (using 1st
# folder collection dir) or ={host2}saved-mail or ="" (to suppress saving).
# Default: saved-messages (Unix) or SAVEMAIL.MTX (PC) in default collection.
default-saved-msg-folder=

# Over-rides default path for postponed messages folder, e.g. =pm (which uses
# first folder collection dir) or ={host4}pm (using home dir on host4).
# Default: postponed-msgs (Unix) or POSTPOND.MTX (PC) in default fldr coltn.
postponed-folder=

# If set, specifies where already-read messages will be moved upon quitting.
read-message-folder=

# If set, specifies where form letters should be stored.
form-letter-folder=

# If set, specifies where trash is moved to in Web Alpine.
trash-folder=

# Contains the actual signature contents as opposed to the signature filename.
# If defined, this overrides the signature-file. Default is undefined.
literal-signature=

# Over-rides default path for signature file. Default is ~/.signature
signature-file=

# List of features; see Alpine's Setup/options menu for the current set.
# e.g. feature-list= select-without-confirm, signature-at-bottom
# Default condition for all of the features is no-.
feature-list=combined-folder-display,
	expanded-view-of-folders,
	expose-hidden-config,
	no-force-arrow-cursor,
	enable-incoming-folders,
	combined-subdirectory-display,
	enable-incoming-folders-checking,
	preopen-stayopen-folders,
	no-enable-msg-view-forced-arrows,
	enable-full-header-and-text,
	enable-cruise-mode,
	prefer-plain-text,
	enable-mail-check-cue,
	no-show-cursor,
	quell-empty-directories,
	no-separate-folder-and-directory-entries,
	no-enable-dot-folders,
	vertical-folder-list,
	single-column-folder-list,
	expanded-view-of-distribution-lists,
	disable-take-last-comma-first,
	no-assume-slow-link,
	show-plain-text-internally,
	enable-msg-view-addresses,
	no-enable-arrow-navigation-relaxed,
	no-enable-lame-list-mode

# Alpine executes these keys upon startup (e.g. to view msg 13: i,j,1,3,CR,v)
initial-keystroke-list=

# Only show these headers (by default) when composing messages
default-composer-hdrs=

# Add these customized headers (and possible default values) when composing
customized-hdrs=

# When viewing messages, include this list of headers
viewer-hdrs=

# When viewing messages, number of blank spaces between left display edge and text
viewer-margin-left=

# When viewing messages, number of blank spaces between right display edge and text
viewer-margin-right=

# When viewing messages, number of lines of quote displayed before suppressing
quote-suppression-threshold=

# Determines default folder name for Saves...
# Choices: default-folder, by-sender, by-from, by-recipient, last-folder-used.
# Default: "default-folder", i.e. "saved-messages" (Unix) or "SAVEMAIL" (PC).
saved-msg-name-rule=

# Determines default name for Fcc...
# Choices: default-fcc, by-recipient, last-fcc-used.
# Default: "default-fcc" (see also "default-fcc=" variable.)
fcc-name-rule=

# Sets presentation order of messages in Index. Choices:
# Subject, From, Arrival, Date, Size, To, Cc, OrderedSubj, Score, and Thread.
# Order may be reversed by appending /Reverse. Default: "Arrival".
sort-key=

# Sets presentation order of address book entries. Choices: dont-sort,
# fullname-with-lists-last, fullname, nickname-with-lists-last, nickname
# Default: "fullname-with-lists-last".
addrbook-sort-rule=

# Sets presentation order of folder list entries. Choices: alphabetical,
# alpha-with-dirs-last, alpha-with-dirs-first.
# Default: "alpha-with-directories-last".
folder-sort-rule=

# Sets the default folder and collection offered at the Goto Command's prompt.
goto-default-rule=

# Sets message which cursor begins on. Choices: first-unseen, first-recent,
# first-important, first-important-or-unseen, first-important-or-recent,
# first, last. Default: "first-unseen".
incoming-startup-rule=

# Allows a default answer for the prune folder questions. Choices: yes-ask,
# yes-no, no-ask, no-no, ask-ask, ask-no. Default: "ask-ask".
pruning-rule=

# Controls behavior when reopening an already open folder.
folder-reopen-rule=

# Style that MESSAGE INDEX is displayed in when threading.
threading-display-style=

# Style of THREAD INDEX or default MESSAGE INDEX when threading.
threading-index-style=

# When threading, character used to indicate collapsed messages underneath.
threading-indicator-character=

# When threading, character used to indicate expanded messages underneath.
threading-expanded-character=

# When threading, character used to indicate this is the last reply
# to the parent of this message.
threading-lastreply-character=

# Reflects capabilities of the display you have.
# If unset, the default is taken from your locale. That is usually the right
# thing to use. Typical alternatives include UTF-8, ISO-8859-x, and EUC-JP
# (where x is a number between 1 and 9).
display-character-set=

# Reflects capabilities of the keyboard you have.
# If unset, the default is to use the same value
# used for the display-character-set.
keyboard-character-set=

# Defaults to UTF-8. This is used for outgoing messages.
# It is usually correct to leave this unset.
posting-character-set=

# Defaults to nothing, which is equivalent to US-ASCII. This is used for
# unlabeled incoming messages. It is ok to leave this unset but if you receive
# unlabeled mail that is usually in some known character set, set that here.
unknown-character-set=

# Specifies the program invoked by ^_ in the Composer,
# or the "enable-alternate-editor-implicitly" feature.
editor=

# Specifies the program invoked by ^T in the Composer.
speller=

# Specifies the column of the screen where the composer should wrap.
composer-wrap-column=

# Specifies the string to insert when replying to a message.
reply-indent-string=

# Specifies the introduction to insert when replying to a message.
reply-leadin=

# Specifies the string to replace quotes with when viewing a message.
quote-replace-string=

# When these characters appear in the middle of a word in the composer
# the forward word function will stop at the first text following (as happens
# with SPACE characters by default)
composer-word-separators=

# Specifies the string to use when sending a  message with no to or cc.
empty-header-message=

# Program to view images (e.g. GIF or TIFF attachments).
image-viewer=

# If "user-domain" not set, strips hostname in FROM address. (Unix only)
use-only-domain-name=

# This variable takes a list of programs that message text is piped into
# after MIME decoding, prior to display.
display-filters=

# This defines a program that message text is piped into before MIME
# encoding, prior to sending
sending-filters=

# A list of alternate addresses the user is known by
alt-addresses=

# A list of keywords for use in categorizing messages
keywords=

# Characters which surround keywords in SUBJKEY token.
# Default is "{" "} "
keyword-surrounding-chars=

# Characters between subject and opening text in SUBJECTTEXT token.
# Default is " - "
opening-text-separator-chars=

# This is a list of formats for address books.  Each entry in the list is made
# up of space-delimited tokens telling which fields are displayed and in
# which order.  See help text
addressbook-formats=

# This gives a format for displaying the index.  It is made
# up of space-delimited tokens telling which fields are displayed and in
# which order.  See help text
index-format=

# The number of lines of overlap when scrolling through message text
viewer-overlap=

# Number of lines from top and bottom of screen where single
# line scrolling occurs.
scroll-margin=

# The number of seconds to sleep after writing a status message
status-message-delay=

# Number of times per-second to update busy cue messages
busy-cue-rate=

# The approximate number of seconds between checks for new mail
mail-check-interval=

# The approximate number of seconds between checks for new mail in folders
# other than the current folder and inbox.
# Default is same as mail-check-interval
mail-check-interval-noncurrent=

# The minimum number of seconds between checks for new mail in a Mail Drop.
# This is always effectively at least as large as the mail-check-interval
maildrop-check-minimum=

# For newsgroups accessed using NNTP, only messages numbered in the range
# lastmsg-range+1 to lastmsg will be considered
nntp-range=

# Full path and name of NEWSRC file
newsrc-path=

# Path and filename of news configuration's active file.
# The default is typically "/usr/lib/news/active".
news-active-file-path=

# Directory containing system's news data.
# The default is typically "/var/spool/news"
news-spool-directory=

# Path and filename of the program used to upload text from your terminal
# emulator's into Alpine's composer.
upload-command=

# Text sent to terminal emulator prior to invoking the program defined by
# the upload-command variable.
# Note: _FILE_ will be replaced with the temporary file used in the upload.
upload-command-prefix=

# Path and filename of the program used to download text via your terminal
# emulator from Alpine's export and save commands.
download-command=

# Text sent to terminal emulator prior to invoking the program defined by
# the download-command variable.
# Note: _FILE_ will be replaced with the temporary file used in the download.
download-command-prefix=

# Sets the search path for the mailcap configuration file.
# NOTE: colon delimited under UNIX, semi-colon delimited under DOS/Windows/OS2.
mailcap-search-path=

# Sets the search path for the mimetypes configuration file.
# NOTE: colon delimited under UNIX, semi-colon delimited under DOS/Windows/OS2.
mimetype-search-path=

# Sets the path for the system ssl certificates issued by a trusted
# certificate authority. Note that this could be a list of paths, if the same
# pinerc is used in different systems. Alpine always chooses the first one that
# it finds. Value must be an absolute path.
system-certs-path=

# Sets the path for the system ssl file container of certificates issued by a
# certificate authority. Note that this could be a list of container files,
# if the same pinerc is used in different systems. Alpine always chooses the,
# first one that it finds. Value must be an absolute path.
system-certs-file=

# Sets the path for a file that contains certificates that a user trusts.
Note that this could be a list of container files,
# if the same pinerc is used in different systems. Alpine always chooses the,
# first one that it finds. Value must be an absolute path.
user-certs-path=

# Sets the path for a file that contains certificates that a user trusts.
Note that this could be a list of container files,
# if the same pinerc is used in different systems. Alpine always chooses the,
# first one that it finds. Value must be an absolute path.
user-certs-file=

# List of programs to open Internet URLs (e.g. http or ftp references).
url-viewers=

# List of directories that are preferred locations to save or export attachments.
default-directories=

# The maximum number of non-stayopen remote connections that Alpine will use
max-remote-connections=

# A list of folders that should be left open once opened (INBOX is implicit)
stay-open-folders=""

# Sets the time in seconds that Alpine will attempt to open a network
# connection when checking for new unseen messages in an incoming folder.
#  The default is 5.
incoming-check-timeout=

# Sets the approximate number of seconds between checks for unseen messages
# in incoming folders. The default is 180.
incoming-check-interval=

# Sets the approximate number of seconds between checks for unseen messages
# for other than local or IMAP folders. The default is 180.
incoming-check-interval-secondary=

# List of incoming folders to check for unseen messages. The default if left
# blank is to check all incoming folders.
incoming-check-list=

# Specifies the number of dead letter files to keep when canceling.
dead-letter-files=

# Sets the filename for the newmail fifo (named pipe). Unix only.
newmail-fifo-path=

# Sets the width for the NewMail screen.
newmail-window-width=

# List of incoming msg folders besides INBOX, e.g. ={host2}inbox, {host3}inbox
# Syntax: optnl-label {optnl-imap-host-name}folder-path
incoming-folders=W2W {imap.123-reg.co.uk:993/ssl/user=john@wire2waves.co.uk}INBOX

# List of directories where saved-message folders may be. First one is
# the default for Saves. Example: Main {host1}mail/[], Desktop mail\[]
# Syntax: optnl-label {optnl-imap-hostname}optnl-directory-path[]
folder-collections="W2W Folders" {imap.123-reg.co.uk:993/ssl/user=john@wire2waves.co.uk}[],
	PlusNet {imap.plus.net:993/user=gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com/ssl}INBOX.[]

# List, only needed if nntp-server not set, or news is on a different host
# than used for NNTP posting. Examples: News *[] or News *{host3/nntp}[]
# Syntax: optnl-label *{news-host/protocol}[]
news-collections=

# List of file or path names for personal addressbook(s).
# Default: ~/.addressbook (Unix) or \PINE\ADDRBOOK (PC)
# Syntax: optnl-label path-name
address-book=

# List of file or path names for global/shared addressbook(s).
# Default: none
# Syntax: optnl-label path-name
global-address-book=

# Set by Alpine; controls beginning-of-month sent-mail pruning.
last-time-prune-questioned=122.9

# Set by Alpine; controls display of "new version" message.
last-version-used=6.24

# This names the path to an alternative program, and any necessary arguments,
# to be used in posting mail messages.  Example:
#                    /usr/lib/sendmail -oem -t -oi
# or,
#                    /usr/local/bin/sendit.sh
# The latter a script found in Alpine distribution's contrib/util directory.
# NOTE: The program MUST read the message to be posted on standard input,
#       AND operate in the style of sendmail's "-t" option.
sendmail-path=

# This names the root of the tree to which the user is restricted when reading
# and writing folders and files.  For example, on Unix ~/work confines the
# user to the subtree beginning with their work subdirectory.
# (Note: this alone is not sufficient for preventing access.  You will also
# need to restrict shell access and so on, see Alpine Technical Notes.)
# Default: not set (so no restriction)
operating-dir=

# If no user input for this many hours, Alpine will exit if in an idle loop
# waiting for a new command.  If set to zero (the default), then there will
# be no timeout.
user-input-timeout=

# Sets the time in seconds that Alpine will attempt to open a network
# connection.  The default is 30, the minimum is 5, and the maximum is
# system defined (typically 75).
tcp-open-timeout=

# Network read warning timeout. The default is 15, the minimum is 5, and the
# maximum is 1000.
tcp-read-warning-timeout=

# Network write warning timeout. The default is 0 (unset), the minimum
# is 5 (if not 0), and the maximum is 1000.
tcp-write-warning-timeout=

# If this much time has elapsed at the time of a tcp read or write
# timeout, Alpine will ask if you want to break the connection.
# Default is 60 seconds, minimum is 5, maximum is 1000.
tcp-query-timeout=

# If this much time has elapsed at the time of a tcp read or write timeout,
# Alpine will close the connection automatically without user intervention.
# Setting this value to zero (the default) disables this. Setting this variable
# to a smaller value than tcp-query-timeout will close the connection
# automatically, and you will never be asked if you want to wait.
close-connection-timeout=

# Sets the format of the command used to open a UNIX remote
# shell connection.  The default is "%s %s -l %s exec /etc/r%sd"
# NOTE: the 4 (four) "%s" entries MUST exist in the provided command
# where the first is for the command's path, the second is for the
# host to connect to, the third is for the user to connect as, and the
# fourth is for the connection method (typically "imap")
rsh-command=

# Sets the name of the command used to open a UNIX remote shell connection.
# The default is typically /usr/ucb/rsh.
rsh-path=

# Sets the time in seconds that Alpine will attempt to open a UNIX remote
# shell connection.  The default is 15, min is 5, and max is unlimited.
# Zero disables rsh altogether.
rsh-open-timeout=

# Sets the format of the command used to open a UNIX secure
# shell connection.  The default is "%s %s -l %s exec /etc/r%sd"
# NOTE: the 4 (four) "%s" entries MUST exist in the provided command
# where the first is for the command's path, the second is for the
# host to connect to, the third is for the user to connect as, and the
# fourth is for the connection method (typically "imap")
ssh-command=

# Sets the name of the command used to open a UNIX secure shell connection.
# Typically this is /usr/bin/ssh.
ssh-path=

# Sets the time in seconds that Alpine will attempt to open a UNIX secure
# shell connection.  The default is 15, min is 5, and max is unlimited.
# Zero disables ssh altogether.
ssh-open-timeout=

# Sets the version number Alpine will use as a threshold for offering
# its new version message on startup.
new-version-threshold=

# List of mail drivers to disable.
disable-these-drivers=

# List of SASL authenticators to disable.
disable-these-authenticators=

# A range in the form min,max that sets the minimum amd maximum versions of the
# SSL protocol that Alpine will use when connecting to a secure server.
encryption-protocol-range=

# Set by Alpine; contains data for caching remote address books.
remote-abook-metafile=

# How many extra copies of remote address book should be kept. Default: 3
remote-abook-history=

# Minimum number of minutes between checks for remote address book changes.
# 0 means never check except when opening a remote address book.
# -1 means never check. Default: 5
remote-abook-validity=

# Your default printer selection
printer=

# List of special print commands
personal-print-command=

# Which category default print command is in
personal-print-category=

# Your client-id and client-secret information to authenticate using XOAUTH2
xoauth2-info=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-roles=LIT:pattern="/NICK=Wire2waves/FLDTYPE=SPEC/FOLDER={imap.123-reg.co.uk:993\/ssl\/user=john@wire2waves.co.uk}Personal,W2W" action="/ROLE=1/FROM=John Pumford-Green <john@wire2waves.co.uk>/SMTP=smtp.123-reg.co.uk\/ssl\/user=john@wire2waves.co.uk/RTYPE=NC/FTYPE=NC/CTYPE=NC"

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-filters2=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-scores2=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-indexcolors=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-other=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-search=

# Controls display of color
color-style=use-termdef

# Controls display of color for current index line
current-indexline-style=flip-colors

# Controls display of color for the titlebar at top of screen
titlebar-color-style=default

# Choose: black, blue, green, cyan, red, magenta, yellow, or white.
normal-foreground-color=255,255,255
normal-background-color=000,000,000
reverse-foreground-color=
reverse-background-color=
title-foreground-color=000,255,255
title-background-color=000,000,174
title-closed-foreground-color=
title-closed-background-color=
folder-foreground-color=
folder-background-color=
directory-foreground-color=
directory-background-color=
folder-list-text-foreground-color=
folder-list-text-background-color=
status-foreground-color=
status-background-color=
keylabel-foreground-color=000,255,255
keylabel-background-color=000,000,174
keyname-foreground-color=255,255,000
keyname-background-color=000,000,174
selectable-item-foreground-color=
selectable-item-background-color=
meta-message-foreground-color=
meta-message-background-color=
quote1-foreground-color=
quote1-background-color=
quote2-foreground-color=
quote2-background-color=
quote3-foreground-color=
quote3-background-color=
incoming-unseen-foreground-color=
incoming-unseen-background-color=
signature-foreground-color=
signature-background-color=
prompt-foreground-color=
prompt-background-color=
header-general-foreground-color=
header-general-background-color=
index-to-me-foreground-color=
index-to-me-background-color=
index-important-foreground-color=
index-important-background-color=
index-deleted-foreground-color=
index-deleted-background-color=
index-answered-foreground-color=255,255,255
index-answered-background-color=000,000,174
index-new-foreground-color=
index-new-background-color=
index-recent-foreground-color=
index-recent-background-color=
index-forward-foreground-color=
index-forward-background-color=
index-unseen-foreground-color=
index-unseen-background-color=
index-highpriority-foreground-color=
index-highpriority-background-color=
index-lowpriority-foreground-color=
index-lowpriority-background-color=
index-arrow-foreground-color=
index-arrow-background-color=
index-subject-foreground-color=
index-subject-background-color=
index-from-foreground-color=
index-from-background-color=
index-opening-foreground-color=
index-opening-background-color=

# Colors in which tokens will be displayed in the index screen
index-token-colors=

# When viewing messages, these are the header colors
viewer-hdr-colors=

# Colors used to display keywords in the index
keyword-colors=

# Public certificates are kept in files in this directory. The files should
# contain certificates in PEM format. The name of each file should look
# like <emailaddress>.crt. The default directory is .alpine-smime/public.
smime-public-cert-directory=

# If this option is set then public certificates are kept in a single container
# "file" similar to a remote configuration file instead of in the
# smime-publiccert-directory. The value can be a remote or local folder
# specification like for a non-standard pinerc value. The default
# is that it is not set.
smime-public-cert-container=

# Private keys are kept in files in this directory. The files are in PEM format.
# The name of a file should look like <emailaddress>.key.
# The default directory is .alpine-smime/private.
smime-private-key-directory=

# If this option is set then private keys are kept in a single container
# "file" similar to a remote configuration file instead of in the
# private-key-directory. The value can be a remote or local folder
# specification like for a non-standard pinerc value. The default
# is that it is not set.
smime-private-key-container=

# Certificate Authority certificates (in addition to the normal CACerts for the
# system) are kept in files in this directory. The files are in PEM format.
# Filenames should end with .crt. The default directory is .alpine-smime/ca.
smime-cacert-directory=

# If this option is set then CAcerts are kept in a single container
# "file" similar to a remote configuration file instead of in the
# ca-cert-directory. The value can be a remote or local folder
# specification like for a non-standard pinerc value. The default
# is that it is not set.
smime-cacert-container=

# LDAP servers for looking up addresses.
ldap-servers=

# RSS News feed
rss-news=

# RSS Weather feed
rss-weather=

# Web Alpine index table row height
wp-indexheight=

# Web Alpine number of index lines in table
wp-indexlines=

# Web Alpine aggregate operations tab state
wp-aggstate=

# Web Alpine various aspects of cross-session state
wp-state=

# Web Alpine preferred width for message display in characters
wp-columns=

telnet

I've put telnetd on the shack box and telnet clients on anything that didn't already have it.

SSH is great, but sometimes it's nice to go back to simpler times…..

ftp

And the same for ftp….

Section Two

— John Pumford-Green 30/09/22 18:26

Further Information

I3 Window Manager

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

I3 Window Manager

Various Things related to I3

Background & Conky

Some tiled windows

Floating scratchpad terminal with ranger file manager

Floating scratchpad terminal with Alpine email client

I3 Config and tweaks

Autotile

Make new windows be created in alternating horizontal / vertical arrangement, depending on aspect ratio of the current window.

https://github.com/nwg-piotr/autotiling

I3 Config File

config

# This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1).
# It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like.
#
# Should you change your keyboard layout some time, delete
# this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1).
#
 
 
 
# i3 config file (v4)
#
# Please see https://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference!
 
set $mod Mod4
 
# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
# is used in the bar {} block below.
#font pango:monospace 8
 
# This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
# text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
font pango:DejaVu Sans 10
 
 
default_border normal 3
hide_edge_borders none
binding_mode_indicator yes
 
#set $bg-color #2f446f
#set $inactive-bg-color #2f343f
#set $text-color #ffb25a
#set $inactive-text_color #676e7d
#set $urgent-bg-color #bd2c40
 
#client.focused $bg-color $bg-color $text-color #2255ff
#client.unfocused $inactive-bg-color $bg-color $text-color #225ff
#client.focused_inactive $inactive-bg-color $inactive-bg-color $inactive-text-color #2255ff
#client.urgent $urgent-bg-color $urgent-bg-color $text_color #2255ff
 
workspace_auto_back_and_forth yes
 
# The combination of xss-lock, nm-applet and pactl is a popular choice, so
# they are included here as an example. Modify as you see fit.
 
# xss-lock grabs a logind suspend inhibit lock and will use i3lock to lock the
# screen before suspend. Use loginctl lock-session to lock your screen.
#exec --no-startup-id xss-lock --transfer-sleep-lock -- i3lock --nofork
 
# NetworkManager is the most popular way to manage wireless networks on Linux,
# and nm-applet is a desktop environment-independent system tray GUI for it.
#exec --no-startup-id nm-applet
 
exec --no-startup-id synclient tapbutton1=-1
exec --no-startup-id /home/gm4slv/noblank.sh
exec --no-startup-id conky
exec --no-startup-id xsetroot -solid midnightblue
 
 
exec --no-startup-id ~/background.sh
 
#exec --no-startup-id polybar example
 
exec_always --no-startup-id autotile
#exec_always --no-startup-id ~/autosplit
 
bindsym $mod+p exec --no-startup-id ~/promote-window
 
# Use pactl to adjust volume in PulseAudio.
set $refresh_i3status killall -SIGUSR1 i3status
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
#bindsym XF86AudioMicMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
 
#bindsym XF86AudioMute exec amixer sset 'Master' toggle
#bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec amixer sset 'Master' 5%-
#bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec amixer sset 'Master' 5%+
 
 
# Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
floating_modifier $mod
 
# start a terminal
#bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal
bindsym $mod+Return exec lxterminal
 
# kill focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill
 
# start dmenu (a program launcher)
bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id dmenu_run
# A more modern dmenu replacement is rofi:
# bindcode $mod+40 exec "rofi -modi drun,run -show drun"
# There also is i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications shipping a
# .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that installed.
# bindcode $mod+40 exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop
 
# change focus
bindsym $mod+h focus left
bindsym $mod+j focus down
bindsym $mod+k focus up
bindsym $mod+l focus right
 
# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Left focus left
bindsym $mod+Down focus down
bindsym $mod+Up focus up
bindsym $mod+Right focus right
 
# move focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+h move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+j move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+k move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+l move right
 
# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right
 
# split in horizontal orientation
#bindsym $mod+h split h
 
# split in vertical orientation
#bindsym $mod+v split v
 
# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle
 
# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split
 
# toggle tiling / floating
bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle
 
# change focus between tiling / floating windows
bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle
 
# focus the parent container
bindsym $mod+a focus parent
 
# focus the child container
#bindsym $mod+d focus child
 
# Define names for default workspaces for which we configure key bindings later on.
# We use variables to avoid repeating the names in multiple places.
set $ws1 "1"
set $ws2 "2"
set $ws3 "3"
set $ws4 "4"
set $ws5 "5"
set $ws6 "6"
set $ws7 "7"
set $ws8 "8"
set $ws9 "9"
set $ws10 "10"
 
# switch to workspace
bindsym $mod+1 workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+2 workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+3 workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+4 workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+5 workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+6 workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+7 workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+8 workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+9 workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+0 workspace number $ws10
 
# move focused container to workspace
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number $ws10
 
# reload the configuration file
bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
# restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
bindsym $mod+Shift+x exec i3lock
# exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -B 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"
 
 
 
##############################
#
#  Program Shortcuts
#
##############################
 
# "b" for "browser"
bindsym $mod+b exec --no-startup-id firefox
 
 
##############################
#
#  SCRATCHPAD
#
#
###############################
 
set $scratchpad-size 1000 700
 
bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show
 
bindsym $mod+m [title="AlpineMail"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+n [title="NewsboatReader"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+comma [title="RangerFM"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+period [title="Connman"] scratchpad show ; move position center
 
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T AlpineMail -e ~/rpine 
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T NewsboatReader -e /usr/bin/newsboat
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T RangerFM -e ranger
exec --no-startup-id cmst -M
 
for_window [title="Connman System Tray"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad
for_window [title="AlpineMail"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad
for_window [title="NewsboatReader"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad 
for_window [title="RangerFM"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad 
 
 
################################################
#
#
#
 
 
# resize window (you can also use the mouse for that)
mode "resize" {
        # These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode
 
        # Pressing left will shrink the window’s width.
        # Pressing right will grow the window’s width.
        # Pressing up will shrink the window’s height.
        # Pressing down will grow the window’s height.
        bindsym j resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym k resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym l resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym semicolon resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt
 
        # same bindings, but for the arrow keys
        bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt
 
        # back to normal: Enter or Escape or $mod+r
        bindsym Return mode "default"
        bindsym Caps_Lock mode "default"
        bindsym $mod+r mode "default"
}
 
bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"
 
 
 
# Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
# finds out, if available)
bar {
     font pango:DejaVu Sans mono 10
     status_command i3status -c ~/i3status.conf
}

i3status bar

i3status.conf

# i3status configuration file.
# see "man i3status" for documentation.
 
# It is important that this file is edited as UTF-8.
# The following line should contain a sharp s:
# ß
# If the above line is not correctly displayed, fix your editor first!
 
general {
        colors = true
        interval = 5
}
 
#order += "ipv6"
order += "wireless _first_"
order += "ethernet _first_"
order += "battery 0"
#order += "disk /"
order += "load"
order += "cpu_usage"
order += "cpu_temperature 0"
#order += "memory"
order += "tztime local"
 
wireless _first_ {
        format_up = "W: (%quality at %essid) %ip"
        format_down = "W: down"
}
 
ethernet _first_ {
        format_up = "E: %ip (%speed)"
        format_down = "E: down"
}
 
battery 0 {
	status_chr = "⚡"
        status_bat = "🔋"
        status_unk = "? "
        status_full = "☻ "
	low_threshold = 10
        format = "B: %status %percentage %remaining"
}
 
 
 
disk "/" {
        format = "%avail"
}
 
load {
        format = "L: %1min"
}
 
cpu_temperature 0 {
	format = "T: %degrees°C"
}
 
cpu_usage {
	format = "CPU0 %cpu0 / CPU1 %cpu1"
}
 
memory {
	memory_used_method = "classical"
        format = "%free / %used"
	threshold_degraded = "2G"
        format_degraded = "MEMORY < %available"
}
 
tztime local {
        format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
}

Conky

.conkyrc

# Standard antiX .conkyrc file
# For conky editing help and commands visit = Casey's Conky Reference with Examples {http://www.ifxgroup.net/conky.htm}
 
# set to yes if you want Conky to be forked in the background
background yes
 
short_units yes
 
cpu_avg_samples 1
net_avg_samples 1
 
out_to_console no
 
# X font when Xft is disabled, you can pick one with program xfontsel
#font 7x12
#font 6x10
#font 7x13
font 8x12
#font 7x12
 
# Use Xft?
use_xft yes
 
# Xft font when Xft is enabled
#xftfont gentium:size=12
#ftfont DejaVu Sans:size=10
xftfont DejaVu Sans:bold:size=9
#xftfont DejaVu Sans:size=9
 
# Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus, pcmanfm and rox desktops)
own_window yes
own_window_class Conky
own_window_transparent yes
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar
own_window_type override
 
# Text alpha when using Xft
xftalpha 1.0
 
#on_bottom no
 
# Update interval in seconds
update_interval 1
 
# Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone)
double_buffer yes
 
# Minimum size of text area
minimum_size 55
maximum_width 190
 
# Draw shades?
draw_shades no
 
# Draw outlines?
draw_outline no
 
# Draw borders around text
draw_borders no
 
# Stippled borders?
stippled_borders 0
 
# border margins
#border_margin 10
 
# border width
border_width 2
 
# Default colors and also border colors
default_color white
default_shade_color white
default_outline_color white
 
#color ffffff
color4 yellow
color8 77ccff
color9 5599cc
 
# Text alignment, other possible values are commented
# alignment top_left
alignment top_right
#alignment bottom_left
#alignment bottom_right
 
# Gap between borders of screen and text
 
gap_x 20
gap_y 40
 
# Add spaces to keep things from moving about?  This only affects certain objects.
use_spacer right
 
# Subtract file system buffers from used memory?
no_buffers yes
 
# if_up_strictness link:  up | link | address
if_up_strictness address
 
# set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase
uppercase no
 
TEXT
${alignc}$nodename
${alignc}${color8}${font DejaVu Sans:size=12}${time %H:%M} ${font} ${color}
${alignc}${time %a %d %b}
${alignc}Uptime: $uptime
#${alignc}${exec disp=${DISPLAY#:}; disp=${disp%.[0-9]}; cat $HOME/.desktop-session/desktop-code.$disp 2>/dev/null}
#res:${alignr}${execi 60 xdpyinfo | sed -n -r "s/^\s*dimensions:.*\s([0-9]+x[0-9]+).*/\1/p"}
#dpi:${alignr}${execi 60 sed -nr "s/^\s*Xft.dpi:\s*([0-9]+(x[0-9]+)?).*/\1/p" $HOME/.Xresources | grep "[0-9]" || echo 96}
#Automount: ${alignr}${execi 60 grep -q "^automount=TRUE" $HOME/.desktop-session/automount.conf 2>/dev/null && echo "enabled" || echo "disabled"}
Freq:${alignr}${freq}
CPU:${alignr}${cpu}%
#${color}Init:${alignr}${color3}${execi 60 detect-init.sh}
${alignr}${cpugraph cpu0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
Disk:${alignr}${diskio}
${alignr}${diskiograph 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${if_up eth0}
eth0 up: $alignr ${upspeed eth0}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   eth0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
eth0 down: $alignr ${downspeed eth0}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth0 30,170  5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up eth1}
eth1 up: $alignr ${upspeed eth1}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   eth1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
eth1 down: $alignr ${downspeed eth1}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth1 30,170  5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up wlan0}
 
Wireless 
IP  $alignr ${addr wlan0}
Gate $alignr  $gw_ip
NS $alignr $nameserver
 
wlan0 up: $alignr ${upspeed wlan0}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   wlan0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
wlan0 down: $alignr ${downspeed wlan0}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph wlan0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up wlan1}
wlan1 up: $alignr ${upspeed wlan1}
${alignr} ${upspeedgraph   wlan1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
wlan1 down: $alignr ${downspeed wlan1}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph wlan1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${endif}
${alignr}${color8}Used / Total ${color}
RAM:${alignr}$mem / $memmax
Swap:${alignr}$swap / $swapmax
/ Disk:${alignr}${fs_used /} / ${fs_size /}
#${alignc}${execi 1000 persist-enabled}
 
${font DejaVu Sans Mono:size=10}${execi 30 ~/ruptime}

Gather ruptime information about local LAN Linux boxes from the rwhod service and format it with a small script ~/ruptime called from conkyrc

${font DejaVu Sans Mono:size=10}${execi 30 ~/ruptime}

ruptime local script

#!/bin/bash
 
/usr/bin/ruptime -a | cut -c1-8,13-16,18-27

Real ruptime returns:

gm4slv@antix1:~ $ ruptime 
antix1        up    1+04:34,     0 users,  load 0.63, 0.48, 0.47
aprs          up  116+04:03,     0 users,  load 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
laptop        up    9+16:04,     0 users,  load 1.27, 1.09, 1.04
nas1          up  185+23:19,     0 users,  load 0.33, 0.48, 0.47
shack         up      16:19,     0 users,  load 0.16, 0.22, 0.21

My small script formats it for conky

gm4slv@antix1:~ $ ./ruptime 
antix1    up   1+04:34
aprs      up 116+04:03
laptop    up   9+16:04
nas1      up 185+23:19
shack     up     16:19

add neofetch output as image to root window

background.sh

#!/bin/bash



while :
do
	
	neofetch --disable term > fetch

	ansilove -q -m transparent fetch

	feh --bg-center -B midnightblue fetch.png

	sleep 300

done

Keys cheatsheet

$mod+p = promote window

$mod+Return = terminal

$mod+Shift+q = kill window

$mod+d = dmenu

$mod+h = focus left
$mod+j = focus down
$mod+k = focus up
$mod+l = focus right


$mod+Shift+h = move left
$mod+Shift+j = move down
$mod+Shift+k = move up
$mod+Shift+l = move right


$mod+f = fullsreen toggle


=== When using Autotile these are for the next window to be created ====

$mod+s = stacking
$mod+w = tabbed
$mod+e = toggle h or v

=== Toggle a window between tiled and floating ===

$mod+Shift+space = floating toggle

=== Switch focus between a floating window and the tiled window(s)

$mod+space focus mode_toggle


$mod+a = focus parent

Additional Software

urxvt

Configured vi ~/.Xdefaults

For Ranger icons use DejavuSansMono NFM:size=11:style=Book

A bug makes font rendering odd, with too much space between characters (kerning is wrong)

A fix is to put Xft.rgba: none into ~/.Xdefaults

Another fix is to put URxvt.letterSpace=-1 into ~/.Xdefaults

Here's the ~/.Xdefaults I use:

Some un-used lines are commented out, but might be useful in testing….

Xft.rgba: none
#Xft.hintstyle: hintfull
#URxvt.letterSpace:-1
 
Xcursor.size:10
#URxvt.skipBuiltinGlyphs: true
URxvt.scrollBar: false
URxvt.boldFont: 
#URxvt.font: xft:DejaVuSansMono:style=Book:size=11
#URxvt.font: xft:Monospace:size=11, xft:DejaVuSansMono NFM:style=Book
URxvt.font: xft:DejaVuSansMono NFM:size=11:style=Book

Ranger

Image Previews: /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :

set preview_images true

set preview_images_method w3m

Draw borders round segments of display /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :
```
set draw_borders both
```
Icons following instructions here: https://github.com/alexanderjeurissen/ranger_devicons
- /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :
```
default_linemode devicons
```
Font for icons : https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v2.2.2/DejaVuSansMono.zip
- unzipped into : ~/.fonts
- font cache re-built with
```
fc-cache -fv
```
Use Lxterminal - handles icons and image previews (st is poor for image previews)
commands for exracting and creating compressed archives (zip, tar, tar.gz etc) from here https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ranger#Archives
- added both python snippets to /etc/ranger/config/commands.py
- added keybindings to /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf
```
 
map ,n console compress 
map ,m compress temp.zip
map ,e console extract_here 
```
- extract a zip/tar/tar.gz by the keystroke ,e
- create an automatically named temp.zip archive by selecting the files (Space) and then ,m
- create a named archive of your choice ,n your_archive_name.[tar|zip|tar.gz]

<insert> : touch (new file)

gg   : move to top
G    : move to bottom

<F1> : help
<F2> : rename
<F3> : view (less)
<F4> : edit (vim) 
<F5> : copy
<F6> : cut
<F7> : mkdir
<F8> : delete
<F10>: quit


<space> : select
uv : un-select

yy : yank (copy)
dd : cut

ud : un-cut
uy : un-cut(yank)

pp : paste


gh : GoHome
zh : show hidden dotfiles

Archive operation commands
,n : new named archive 
,m : new "temp.zip"
,e : extract_here

— John Pumford-Green 09/10/22 12:38

Further Information

VPS Notes

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 07:20:09 +0000

←Archive

VPS Notes

GM4SLV.ORG.UK VPS : New VPS created 6^th March 2025

To separate my personal wiki site from yaddnet.org server
Wiki backed-up and moved from yaddnet.org to new gm4slv.org.uk VPS
SSL Certificate replaced to enable HTTPS

New VPS : March 2025

New VPS 1 obtained at Fasthosts

Type:Virtual Machine
Size:vps 1 2 60
Cpu:1 vCore
RAM:2 GB
Disk:60 GB NVMe SSD

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS
Release:        24.04
Codename:       noble

Installed PHP and Apache2

gm4slv@gm4slv:~ $ php --version
PHP 8.3.6 (cli) (built: Dec  2 2024 12:36:18) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.3.6, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.3.6, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

configured SSL per previous method SSL Install on VPS
changed SSH port from default 22 to a new port, changed VPS firewall to suit new SSH port
Ubunto OS brought up to date: sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade and sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Dokuwiki Security

previous installations used .htaccess to prevent web access to data/conf/lib/bin etc. directories
this time I decided not to use .htaccess but to follow the alternative instructions in https://www.dokuwiki.org/security to use LocationMatch

LocationMatch method

Apache is told which directories (data, conf, bin, inc, vendor) to make private. The downside is that this configuration might need altering if new directories are added during dokuwiki upgrades.

add to /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

<LocationMatch "/(data|conf|bin|inc|vendor)/">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
    Satisfy All
</LocationMatch>

sudo service apache2 restart

.htaccess method

the secured directories in dokuwiki have suitable .htaccess files already. Apache needs to betold to allow them to alter behaviour

AllowOverride All

add to /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

         <Directory /var/www/html>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride All
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
        </Directory>

sudo service apache2 restart

SSH Security

Configured sshd to disallow password-logins and only accept public-key authentication
- be careful to check the files in /etc/ssh/sshd_conf.d for hidden config options!
uploaded public keys from
- Puttygen for putty on laptop
- ConnectBot app on phone
saved both in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
now only logins with a valid public key will succeed.
- In the event of a loss of the public keys it's still possible to gain access via Fasthosts account dashboard
  - → then reconfigure sshd to accept password logins again until new keys can be uploaded.

06/04/25 : Renew SSL certificate

Same procedure as before
- Download “Certificate” → signed.crt
- Download “Intermediate Certificate” → ca.pem
- Upload via WinSCP to VPS
- Copy old /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt → signed.crt.old
- Copy old /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem → ca.pem.old
- Copy new files into /usr/local/ssl
- Restart Apache
There were 2 “Intermediate Certificate” for download from Fast Hosts…
- I used the one named 7D5B5126B476BA11DB74160BBC530DA7.cer
- This is the same as the one used when I renewed YaddNet.org SSL yaddnet_ssl_renewal
- It seems that the intermediate certificate is not unique to the domain being secured, it's a certificate that verifies the identity of the authenticator of the domain's SSL certificate.

UPDATE ON TWO INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATES 05/07/25

I've discovered that the 2 Intermediate Certificates are necessary to complete the chain of authority.

What should be done is to join them together into one ca.pem file (and in the correct order…. )

[root@wiki:/home/g4slv/ssl]# cat 397A66CC2756362E0DAA87CA6EABE3B1.cer 00D27FBBC1DE359E5216AD6149586099C4.cer > ca.pem
 
[root@wiki:/home/g4slv/ssl]# cp ca.pem /usr/local/ssl
 
[root@wiki:/home/g4slv/ssl]# systemctl restart apache2

Check correct SSL operation at https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html

Old information below is for historical information

GM4SLV.ORG.UK VPS : CANCELLED AND DELETED 9^th October 2024

Wiki functionality easily provided by yaddnet.org VPS
wiki pages & data transferred to yaddnet.org
Fasthosts deleted VPS following telephone confirmation
- deletion/cancellation not possible via Control Panel
- telephone call-back needed to confirm

OS      : Debian 10 (Buster)
RAM     : 0.5GB
Network : 400MB 
SSD     : 10GB

IP Address : 213.171.209.127
Hostname   : gm4slv.org.uk
Open Ports : ssh, http, https

Domain Name  : gm4slv.org.uk
Renewal date : 3/4/2024

Access via FastHosts

browse to https://admin.fasthosts.co.uk/Servers/VPS/1116040162 and login with credentials

Installing SSL for HTTPS

Create Certificates

First : obtain SSL Certificates

Configure APACHE

Second : configure Apache to use HTTPS

copy self generated gm4slv.org.uk.key from the “openssl” command to /usr/local/ssl/
copy the *crt for the newly obtained signed *.crt file renamed as signed.crt to /usr/local/ssl
copy the “intermediate” file to /usr/local/ssl/ (renamed as ca.pem)
edit apache config… looks like /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf
- SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt
- SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/ssl/gm4slv.org.uk.key
- SSLCertificateChainFile /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem
make symlink sites-enabled/default-ssl.conf pointing to sites-available/default-ssl.conf
a2enmod ssl
restart apache2
will it be listening on port 443? yes
open firewall port 443 on Fasthost control panel
Can I reach it with https://gm4slv.org.uk? yes
Can I still reach it with http://gm4slv.org.uk? yes
force redirect of plain HTTP: to HTTPS:
add to 000-default.conf:

        ServerName gm4slv.org.uk
        ServerAlias www.gm4slv.org.uk
        Redirect permanent / https://gm4slv.org.uk/

taken from https://linuxize.com/post/redirect-http-to-https-in-apache/
restart apache2
verify SSL access ok - yes
verify non-SSL is redirected to SSL - yes

Confirm proper security

Browse to https://gm4slv.org.uk

20/04/23 Renew SSL Certificate

new Signed and CA (intermediate) certificates obtained and installed in /usr/local/ssl

Hardware Upgrade 20/4/23

Original configuration VPS XS : 500MB RAM and 10GB SSD @ £1 per month (plus VAT)
Upgrade to VPS S : 1GB RAM and 20GB SSD @ £3 per month (plus VAT)
VPS rebooted for upgrade
RAM seems to have increased to 1GB but reported 'df -h' still shows 7.5GB total for / and 1.9GB for Swap. This is only 10GB.
Perhaps more time is needed for VM to catch up and expand the Virtual Hard Drive?
Gotcha…. the Virtual Drive was increased to 20GB, but not the partition or the filesystem… the only way to get a full 20GB was to “rebuild” the VPS….
took a backup of the dokuwiki files (rsync mirrored them to shack PC). Hit “Rebuild” and built a new VPS. Applied for replacement SSL keys (had to make a new CSR/KEY first)…
Used rsync to send back the dokuwiki files (from the shack PC mirror)
set up Apache2 to use the new SSL certificates…
VPS is now rebuilt and all wiki files restored & Apache2 uses HTTPS.

Debian Upgrade 15/2/24

Upgraded from Buster (10) → Bullseye (11)
Upgraded Dokuwiki (this needed PHP7.4 from Buster, which is why the Debian upgrade was necessary) to the newest version (Release 2024-02-06a “Kaos”)
Upgraded from Bullseye (11) → Bookwork (12) - might as well get to STABLE

Debian Upgrade 16/2/24

Upgraded to Trixie (testing)

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description:    Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid
Release:        n/a
Codename:       trixie

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 
 
#deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
#deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

Dokuwiki still working correctly with latest versions of Apache and PHP

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ php --version
PHP 8.2.12 (cli) (built: Jan  8 2024 06:21:20) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.12, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

2024 gm4slv.org.uk domain renewed

03/04/24 Domain Name auto-renewed for 2 years until April 2026
04/04/24 SSL Certificate auto-renewed for 1 year until May 2025

04/04/24 : Install Renewed SSL Certificate

SSL Certificates Auto Renewed by Fasthosts
download new certificates from Fasthosts control panel:
- New “Certificate” downloaded and renamed “signed.crt”
- New “Intermediate Certificate” downloaded and renamed “ca.pem”
copied both → VPS $HOME dir via SCP
On VPS →
- copied current /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem → ca_old.pem
- copied current /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt → signed_old.crt
- copied new ca.pem from $HOME to /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem
- copied new signed.crt from $HOME to /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt
- restarted apache sudo service apache2 restart
check new valid certificate now in use in web browser
- Validity Issued on & Expires on dates now show new certificate is in use

Page Updated : 04/06/26 08:20 BST

vps, linux, ssl

Anytone AT-D878UV

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Anytone AT-D878UV

Files

Date	File	Comments
17/03/24	current_878_170324.zip	Codeplug 3 DMR plus DMR2YSF
17/03/24	d878uv_v1.21.zip	Working 1.21 & CPS
17/03/24	878_contacts.zip	Pruned Contacts file
06/04/25	current_878_050425.zip	Codeplug 3 DMR
06/04/25	contacts_050425.zip	Pruned Contacts file

Page Info

Page created Wed May 25 00:02:24 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

tags

radio, dv, dmr

CRT SS9900

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

CRT SS9900

Multi-Mode 10m/11m/12m

Background

I wanted a mobile 10m radio for use on 10m FM, and occasionally SSB, to try and re-capture the fun I had in the early days of being a ham (1983). Looking around I found a lot of choice of radios covering 12m and 10m amateur bands, and (of course) all the space in between containing the 11m/CB bands.

I bought a CRT9900 which seemed to offer the best versatility - it's more like a ham radio than a channelized CB.

It's hardly been used - I don't think I've ever had a QSO with it yet - so I now intend to make a concerted effort to get some use from it, and even looking at 11m when 10m is moribund.

Propagation conditions should be improving as Solar Cycle 25 peaks, and (writing this in early May 2023) the summer Sporadic-E season should also bring some inter-Europe propagation too.

p.s. I even have a CB callsign from the Charlie Tango group : “108 CT 2182” (108 = Scotland and I asked for 2182 as a nod to SSB marine radio)

https://charlietangodxgroup.forumotion.com/t147-world-ct-call-signs-92-div-to-137-div

User Manual

manual_crt_ss9900_eng.pdf

Configurations

Date	Config files	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	Comments
05/05/23	ss9900_050523.zip	S.S.Low	S.Low	Low	Mid EU	High	S.High	UK40	10m?	10m?	10m?
09/05/23	ss9900_090523.zip	S.S.Low	S.Low	Low	Mid EU	High	S.High	UK40	28.200 - 28.590	28.910 - 29.300	29.310 - 29.700	LSB mode added

Last Update : 04/06/26 07:39 BST

Further Information

CB Channels - All Freeband

CB Channels - Legal UK

— John Pumford-Green 05/05/23 09:59

Further Information

radio, 10m, 11m, cb, ss9900

Icom IC-706

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Icom IC-706

Mark 1 - the original “Shack-in-a-box”

HF 100W
6m 100W
2m 10W

Background

From the Silent Key equipment of Peter GM0CXQ

First impressions

In poor condition cosmetically, internally and externally
Intermittent RX performance on several bands, most severely 6m, due to LPF switching relays
No Power cable
- ordered via eBay 24/5/23
No microphone
- ordered via eBay 25/5/23
Not “MARS” modified → no TX on 60m

Initial tests

Sensitivity ok on all HF bands
6m shows intermittent “deafness” after changing bands - LPF relays?
Initially some higher HF bands also showed slow decrease in sensitivity after a few minutes. After transmitting a few times on each band this tendency stopped - have the LPF relay contacts “wiped” themselves clean by carrying more significant signal current on TX?
- 6m still suffers random RF signal loss on RX
TX power ok on all HF bands, and 6m, with 100W FM carrier at setting “H”
All controls work correctly
Fitted FL-223 “Narrow SSB” filter option appears to work (TBC)
Frequency calibration not checked but appears to be acceptable.

Repairs and Modifications

Cleaning

All knobs removed and washed in warm soapy water and all grooves in knobs scraped clean with toothpicks.
Front Panel cleaned, all recesses around buttons/controls cleaned with toothpicks and warm water (being careful….)
Covers from main unit removed and washed to remove build up of dirt from inside and outside.
Inside of main unit vacuumed and blown to attempt to remove as much loose powdery dirt deposits as possible without damaging any connectors or components. Some cleaning of surfaces done where possible.
Re-assembled

6m LPF relays

To cure signal loss on RX I removed the LPF board and was able to pop the clear plastic tops from the 2 relays, used on either side of the 6m LPF section.
Contacts in RL2 and RL3 were cleaned with Contact Cleaner spray, and wiped with paper soaked in cleaner, to remove any dirt/contamination build-up.

Tops replaced on relays and LPF board replaced into radio.
Receive sensitivity now good and does not vary with time, or following band changing.
The relays used on the other HF bands are of a different (more easily sourced) type and can't be opened in this manner. Fortunately they all seem to be healthy at the moment.

MARS TX Mod

To allow use on the 60m band I carried out the simple modification to remove “D59” from the Main PCB, which removes the “TX only in Ham Bands” restriction.
Radio now transmits across the whole HF band, including 60m

Signalink USB

For Digimodes using fldigi and a Signalink USB soundcard requires a simple Cat5 ethernet cable to connect the IC-706 Mic socket to the Signalink USB soundcard. The Jumper information is here : https://tigertronics.com/sl_wirebm.htm

Rigctl / Hamlib

Connect serial RS232 from laptop to IC-R75 and then C-IV cable between IC-R75 and IC-706. The IC-R75 will convert between RS232 and C-IV. Separate C-IV hex addresses means each radio can be addressed individually through one serial connection (/dev/ttyUSB0)

rigctl -m 3009 -s 9600 -r /dev/ttyUSB0

gm4slv@laptop:~ $ rigctl -m 3009 -s 9600 -r /dev/ttyUSB0
 
Rig command: f
Frequency: 10147600
 
Rig command: m
Mode: USB
Passband: 2400
 
Rig command: q
gm4slv@laptop:~ $

Documentation

User Manual

Further Information

https://groups.io/g/IC706
http://www.hampedia.net/icom/ic-706-enables-out-of-band-transmit.php
Possible alternative Microphone HM-152 hm152schematic.pdf

radio, ic706

Photos

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 13:22:23 +0000

←6502 Project

Photos

Some pics of the project

Version 1 - veroboard

Mark 1 in all its glory

Twin LCD displays. 2-line for RTC and Uptime. 4 Line for monitor.

RTC Chip and 2 debounced push buttons on the top breadboard. RTC is fed with 32.768kHz from a function generator awaiting for a new xtal.

4-input AND gate for VIA IRQ connection to CPU on the other breadboard.

I/O board with 2 65C22 VIAs. Beeper piezo sounder in the Altoids tin.

Version 2

Planned to be built using Wirewrap methods but seems to have been forgotten about
- I'll possibly return to the project in winter 2024/5?

— John Pumford-Green 29/09/22 08:21

Further Information

APRS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←APRS

APRS

VHF and HF APRS

VHF

FT8900 : 2m I-Gate GM4SLV-2 - Raspberry Pi, TNC-Pi and APRX I-Gate software
- UPDATE 6/4/24 : 2m APRS suspended. Coverage not adequate from low 2m antenna.
TM-D710 in van : GM4SLV-9 - will digipeat “WIDEn-N”
TH-D72 : GM4SLV-8
Anytone 878
- analogue : GM4SLV-7,
- DMR
  - Brandmeister → PC 234999 (Self-Care set to GM4SLV-7)
  - DMR+/Phoenix → PC 5057 → GM4SLV-7

HF

Occasional use of 30m AFSK 10,147.6kHz USB as GM4SLV-10
- IC-706 and Signalink-USB soundcard

Software

Direwolf
- HF (300 baud FSK) or VHF soundcard modem/TNC
- AGW Packet Engine TCP/IP interface to other software
- standalone iGate and Digipeater
Xastir
- Can use the Direwolf TCP/IP AGW TNC across network
WinRPR winrpr_075_2.zip
- Can act as TCP/IP KISS mode TNC providing 300 or 600 baud Robust Packet TX/RX and also simultaneous 300 baud FSK RX
APRSISCE32 aprsis32.zip
- Can use WinRPR's KISS mode TNC
UIView32 32full203.exe
- Needs to be registered first at https://www.apritch.co.uk/uiv32.htm
  - ••••••••••
- Can use Direwolf's AGW TNC across network

HF Frequencies

30m

300 Baud FSK RF centre 10149.3kHz
- 1700 Hz audio (1600/1800Hz tones)
- Dial = 10147.6kHz USB
  - alternative dial = 10151.0kHz LSB (signal can be inverted without issues)
300 baud RPR RF centre 10148.8kHz
- 1500 Hz audio
- Dial = 10147.3kHz USB
  - Normal 300 baud AFSK resolves at 2000Hz - and is decoded by WinRPR at this offset

Direwolf update : 10/04/24

Direwolf v1.6 in Debian has a minor annoyance - it decodes its own transmitted frames occasionally due to cross talk in the sound card
This is reported to be fixed in 1.7 release so I cloned the git repository and built the current 1.7 version
It has removed the annoyance of seeing (and reporting to APRS-IS) your own transmitted packets
There are other changes and improvements which I will investigate over time.
Steps to clone/build

sudo apt-get install libavahi-client-dev
git clone https://www.github.com/wb2osz/direwolf
cd direwolf
 
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make -j4

Running the new version

cd src
./direwolf -c ~/direwolf.conf

A few red warnings due to changes for v1.7 not being fully compatible with the previous config options, but it runs and doesn't seem to decode its own transmissions any more.

A few tweaks to the config:

ADEVICE  plughw:2,0
 
CHANNEL 0
 
MYCALL GM4SLV-10
 
#MODEM 300 7@30
 
MODEM 300 B+
 
#FIX_BITS 1
 
TXDELAY 50
 
LOGDIR .
 
AGWPORT 8000
KISSPORT 8001
 
PBEACON sendto=0 via="WIDE1-1" delay=0:00 every=10:00 symbol="\-" lat=60^17.31N long=1^25.51W comment="30m HF Direwolf AFSK"
 
#FILTER 0 0 ( ! d/* )
#FILTER 0 0 (! b/GM4SLV-10 )
 
#IGSERVER euro.aprs2.net
 
#IGLOGIN GM4SLV-10 19626
 
#PBEACON sendto=IG delay=0:30 every=60:00 symbol="\-" lat=60^17.31N long=1^25.51W comment="30m AFSK RX Igate"
 
 
DIGIPEAT 0 0 ^WIDE[3-7]-[1-7]$|^TEST$ ^WIDE[12]-[12]$ PREEMPT
 
#IGTXLIMIT 6 10

I will remove the Debian version 1.6 and sudo make install the newly compiled v1.7 once I'm happy with it.
This version also decodes FX25 packets - which I don't fully understand yet

SP6PGH-10 audio level = 53   FX.25   75_______
[0.1] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,WIDE1-1:>100639zTest HF APRS station
Status Report, APRSISCE win32 version
Test HF APRS station
[0H] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,GM4SLV-10*:>100639zTest HF APRS station

a normal AX25 packet

IW4EGP-10 audio level = 46    _|||_____
[0.2] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,WIDE2-2:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>
Position, HF Gateway  <= the original primary table definition, UIview 32 bit apps
N 44 03.5700, E 012 33.7200
APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}
[0H] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,GM4SLV-10*,WIDE2-1:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>

both of these are also digipeated my me, shown on the last line is my outgoing digipeated packet:
- [0H] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,GM4SLV-10*:>100639zTest HF APRS station
- [0H] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,GM4SLV-10*,WIDE2-1:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>

— John Pumford-Green 21/03/24 16:14

Last Update : 04/06/26 07:39 BST

Further Information

Direwolf v1.7 User Manual	user-guide_1_.pdf
aprs.fi	https://aprs.fi/info/a/GM4SLV-10

radio, aprs

Finding Things In A Diary

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:48:07 +0000

Finding Things In A Diary

I've been keeping a diary now almost daily since 2017. A few days are missing, but to the best of my knowledge the are no missing days since mid-2022….

I don't (generally) write about current affairs, news, politics etc. unless it has particular and direct relevance to my own life. I want to capture the stuff that would be lost to history, stuff that I might want to remember at some point in the future, stuff about my day-to-day life. News and current affairs and politics and world events are already well-recorded by the media and a whole host of bloggers and journal writers. Nobody is documenting the specifics of *my* life, except me. And nobody is generally interested in any of the details, except me.

But what's the point of writing it down if I can't find it again later?

Ideally I'd like to be able to answer any question like “When did we get the new car?” or “When did I start playing the recorder again?”

an example

I was swimming with a friend and his 9 year old daughter on Sunday, something I've been doing on an off for a few years. We started swimming with his two little girls - now 9 and 13 - some years ago. How many years ago….? Can't be sure. The older 13-year old “E” is now a teenager and therefore much too cool to come out on a Sunday morning with her old man. So it's just 3 of us. Me, “T” and his younger daughter “B”

The question was raised by younger sibling *“What age was E when she swam a length underwater first?”*

The younger daughter is now 9 and wants to match her older sibling.

I couldn't remember. Her dad couldn't remember.

In fact between us we couldn't even remember when we'd started this regular Sunday morning swim.

Was is pre-covid? post-covid? Two years, three years…?

“I'm sure that Samuel Pepys here will find it in his dairy”

Hmm… but will I? I've tried to keep an index - in a separate book - just a topic and page-number for reference to allow things to be found. But did I have this particular thing in my index?

In the end it wasn't in my index-book, but I did find it in my dairy itself. It took some searching. I write around 4 diary books per year - each covers roughly 3 months. I had to do a binary search to pin point the date we started the regular swims (Sunday 9th January 2022) and then a slow search forward looking to see if I'd noted down “E swam a length under water”… And I did find that entry, too, on Sunday 1st May 2022.

I can answer the question….. posed by a 9 year old.

It's an example of little consequence - if I'd been unable to find it we'd have just said “she was about your age” and left it at that. But the ability to be certain of something - anything - after any number of years. That's more powerful, when it applies to something more important to you.

My Current Index

My index looks like

It gets more and more complicated and messy as new things are added - you can't always leave enough space when adding entries to be sure there's room for something new later on, so it becomes harder to add new entries, and harder to quickly find them when they aren't in a logical order on the page.

Thoughts on better indexing

I thought about starting again - use the current index as a starting point and get a new blank A5 notebook, and re-create the same layout - but now with so many entries to work with I could make a better stab at laying it out in a better manner - more space between entries to allow new ones to fit. But the same problem will still occur, in time. I'll run out of space to add new topics in the correct places and then they'll get added willy-nilly all over the place.

I'd thought about, and even tried a small experiment, using a 5×3 card index. Each “topic” can have its own card. Space to record many diary entries for each topic on its own card. New topics get a new card that can be slipped into the correct alphabetical position. If a topic needs to be split into sub-topics it's a simple matter to take the existing card, and make new ones that follow any sub-divisions I think are necessary. Then just copy across the existing diary references to the new card(s) and insert them in their proper place(s) in the index box. No worries about squeezing things into a full page in a book, just shuffle a few cards and job's done.

So I'm now rebuilding my index in a 5×3 card index box. I've got everything from my book-form index done on 5×3 card. I'm now able to add any new things wherever they need to go. This includes indexing things I've written about in older diaries, but have so far neglected to add to the index.

I plan on slowly working through the old diaries and indexing anything I feel has been overlooked. And in addition anything I look up in the future will get added to the index (if it's not already there). The swimming examples above are just the sort of thing I mean. If I have to search through the diaries for something once, then I'll index it to make sure I don't have to do it again.

diary

Some QRSS Grabs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 12:44:44 +0000

Some QRSS Grabs

I ran the QMX in QRSS FSKCW at 1W on 30m this morning for an hour or so.

I saw my signal on 3 grabbers:

LA5GOA : JO29oi, Visnes on Karmoy, Norway https://la5goa.manglet.net/grabber/
SA6BSS : JO68sc, Sweden https://www.qsl.net/sa6bss/
SO5CW : KO01mw, nr Warsaw, Poland https://fkurz.net/ham/qrss/

LA5GOA

SA6BSS

SO5CW

Back to RX

I went back to RX, feeding my own grabber and almost immediately found TF3HZ

radio, qrss, qmx, grabber

DM16L Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 08:35:44 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM16L Info

Purchase Information

Date : August 2022
From : Swiss Micros (direct)
Price : £
Serial : 04710

Firmware

Date	Serial No.	Firmware	Version	Firmware Files	Firmware Tool
01/09/2022	04710	DM16	32	dm16_32.hex
28/01/26	04710	DM16	34	dm16_34.hex	Linux using lpc21isp

sudo lpc21isp DM16_34.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

RTC Error

Start	Stop	Accumulated Error (s)	Rate Error (s/d)	Comments
18/09/22	15/04/23	+94.6	+0.5	94.6s in 209 days = 0.45 s/d

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Error	Average Error	Comments
28/01/26		+1.9			Time reset during firmware update. New Period

Swiss Micros Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/voyager/firmware/
Documentation : Online HTML User Manual
Documentation : PDF Manual
Product Page : DM16L

HP-16C Owner's Handbook

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org/

HP-16C Owner's Handbook : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp16c-oh-en.pdf

DM15L Memory Dumps and Program Listings

See DM16L Progs

calculator, dm16l

Pinouts

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 20:33:46 +0000

←Archive

Pinouts

Ethernet RJ45 B

The normal straight cable is a 568B

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
O/W	O	G/W	B	B/W	G	Bn/W	Bn

Ethernet X-over A-B

for use without a switch/hub and where the device cannot do automatic cross-over itself.

Raspberry Pi GPIO

PyBoard

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 10:39:13 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/04/24 21:33 BST

network

Diversion into the Linux Serial Console...

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 07:16:30 +0000

Diversion into the Linux Serial Console...

— John Pumford-Green 01/10/22 22:26

In preparation to my plan of adding a pair of RS232 serial ports to the next iteration of the 6502 computer I dug out an old Wyse serial terminal to use. I thought I'd check it still worked after many idle years gathering dust. It was last used when I first started playing with Linux on an old 486/DX2 machine (Red Hat 6 I think) and used it to access the headless 486 machine through a serial console.

To re-live the experience I hooked it up to my little “pico-ITX” Linux server, which has a real serial port with a 9-pin D connector (!) and set about configuring Debian 11 with systemd (urgh!) to provide a console and login on /dev/ttyS0.

Linux Serial Console

Then I remembered using Pine as an email client via a terminal session (and in xterm windows, and a non-X linux virtual terminal) so I thought I'd install it and re-live those days. Pine is no longer (easily) available but a new version is still being maintained - Alpine

Installed it and spent a happy evening getting it to work with 2 different IMAP accounts (and the correct SMTP servers) Old stuff but good

And then, telnet and telnetd….. and ftp and ftpd….. oh, those were the days..!

I wanted to install and run slrn for USENET NNTP news, like the old days, but I discovered there was no point even trying, as there seems to be no freely available NNTP servers around any more. Back in the day most ISPs seemed to provide a server even if it was limited in the newsgroups it carried. That doesn't seem to be the case any more.

On the subject of Wyse terminals and Linux I stumbled on a You Tube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQTr9ZOJkC0&feature=share&si=ELPmzJkDCLju2KnD5oyZMQ and this led to another interesting video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUmTaRu6o8g&feature=share&si=ELPmzJkDCLju2KnD5oyZMQ describing a console-mode RSS reader Newsboat so I had to try it….

I've enabled the RSS feed from this dokuwiki WiKi/Blog, just to play…. point your RSS software at https://www.gm4slv.org.uk/dokuwiki/feed.php

Well, now I've got Alpine, Lynx and Newsboat running in a Tmux session, accessed from a nice amber glowing CRT with the Wyse-185.

Now I need to build Mk2 of the 6502 - which is going to be wire-wrapped and much more compact than the rat's nest of Mk1

computer, linux

Anytone Smart CB for 10M

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Anytone Smart CB for 10M

Small 11m/10m AM/FM mobile

Bought May 2023 from http://www.4x4cb.com/index.cfm - very helpful and friendly CB dealership - well recommended
User Guide : smart.pdf
User Guide : manual_anytone_smart_i_eng_cb.pdf

Modification

Modification to “Export Model” to provide 10m (and 12m) amateur bands and the 11m CB channels
Solder 2 jumper pads as per photo:

Resulting 14 bands can be selected:
- Power-on while holding A/F and cycling through with Mic UP and DN buttons
- Once selected : Power Off, Power On. Display briefly shows active band

Band	Channel 1	Channel 40	Comments
A	25.615	26.055	SS Low
B	26.065	26.505	S Low
C	26.515	26.955	Low
D	26.965	27.405	Mid / CEPT EU
E	27.415	27.855	High
F	27.865	28.305	S High / 10m
G	28.315	28.755	10m
H	28.765	29.205	10m
I	29.215	29.655	10m (29.600 = CH35 R)
J	29.665	30.105	10m +
†	25.165	25.605
L	24.715	25.155
N	24.890	24.990	21 Channels 12m Ham
U†	27.60125	27.99125	UK CB

All channels (except in Band N/12m) end in 5kHz. To drop to -5kHz (end in 0kHz) press/hold RFG. R is displayed.
- For 10m FM on Band I 29.600 is Channel 35 R
The bands follow the usual CB pattern, with 10kHz jumps, Alpha Channels, after 3, 7, 11, 15, 19. The Smart CB includes these as 3A, 7A, 11A, 15A and 19A.
All bands (except Band N 12m which only has 21 channels, and the UK CB band) follow the CB channel protocol of out of sequence channels 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 thus
- Band I (10m FM) with -5kHz R activated
  - Channel 22R : 29.470
  - Channel 23R : 29.500
  - Channel 24R : 29.480
  - Channel 25R : 29.490
  - Channel 26R : 29.510
- The Channels, in frequency order : …22,24,25,23,26…
To select Output Power:
- Press/hold RFG, PTT and Power On
  - Use Mic UP and DN to cycle through 3 power levels:
    - PL = 4W
    - Pn = 8W
    - PH = 15W
  - Once selected : Power Off, Power On
  - 15W might be overdoing it - in such a small package with limited heatsinking. 8W is probably the best option.

10m Channels

Assume R -5kHz is active

Also check with R inactive (freq. ends with 5kHz)

Band	Channel	Frequency	Bandplan/Comments
H	1	28.760
H	2	28.770
H	3	28.780
H	3A	28.790
H	4	28.800
H	5	28.810
H	6	28.820
H	7	28.830
H	7A	28.840
H	8	28.850
H	9	28.860
H	10	28.870
H	11	28.880
H	11A	28.890
H	12	28.900
H	13	28.910
H	14	28.920
H	15	28.930
H	15A	29.940
H	16	28.950
H	17	28.960
H	18	28.970
H	19	28.980
H	19A	28.990
H	20	29.000	AM
H	21	29.010	AM
H	22	29.020	AM
H	23	29.050	AM Out of sequence channel
H	24	29.030	AM
H	25	29.040	AM
H	26	29.060	AM
H	27	29.070	AM
H	28	29.080	AM
H	29	29.090	AM
H	30	29.100	FM
H	31	29.110	FM
H	32	29.120	FM
H	33	29.130	FM
H	34	29.140	FM
H	35	29.150	FM
H	36	29.160	FM
H	37	29.170	FM
H	38	29.180	FM
H	39	29.190	FM
H	40	29.200	FM

Band	Channel	Frequency	Bandplan/Comments
I	1	29.210
I	2	29.220
I	3	29.230
I	3A	29.240
I	4	29.250
I	5	29.260
I	6	29.270	Simplex Gateway
I	7	29.280	Simplex Gateway
I	7A	29.290	Simplex Gateway
I	8	29.300	Sat
I	9	29.310	Sat
I	10	29.320	Sat
I	11	29.330	Sat
I	11A	29.340	Sat
I	12	29.350	Sat
I	13	29.360	Sat
I	14	29.370	Sat
I	15	29.380	Sat
I	15A	29.390	Sat
I	16	29.400	Sat / FM?
I	17	29.410	Sat / FM?
I	18	29.420	Sat / FM?
I	19	29.430	Sat / FM?
I	19A	29.440	Sat / FM?
I	20	29.450	Sat / FM?
I	21	29.460	Sat / FM?
I	22	29.470	Sat / FM?
I	23	29.500	Sat / FM? Out of sequence channel
I	24	29.480	Sat / FM?
I	25	29.490	Sat / FM?
I	26	29.510	Guard
I	27	29.520	RH1 In
I	28	29.530	RH2 In
I	29	29.540	RH3 In
I	30	29.550	RH4 In
I	31	29.560	RH5 In
I	32	29.570	RH6 In
I	33	29.580	RH7 In
I	34	29.590	RH8 In
I	35	29.600	FM Calling
I	36	29.610	Parrot
I	37	29.620	RH1 Out
I	38	29.630	RH2 Out
I	39	29.640	RH3 Out
I	40	29.650	RH4 Out

Band	Channel	Frequency	Bandplan/Comments
J	1	29.660	RH5 Out
J	2	29.670	RH6 Out
J	3	29.680	RH7 Out
J	3A	29.690	RH8 Out
J	4	29.700

Freeband CB Channels

The 11m band channels for information only
- from https://delboyonline.blogspot.com/p/cb-radio-frequency-list.html

— John Pumford-Green 20/05/23 05:49

Further Information

radio, 10m

Hi-Mound HK-708 Key

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 20:50:34 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Hi-Mound HK-708 Key

My original key from 1982

My HK-708 in all its glory

I got this key while I was still at school, in around 1982, to use for learning to send CW. It was all I could afford at the time, and must have been quite cheap. I've had it, and used it, for over 40 years now, and it's still my main straight key for most QSOs.

Inscribed with my original callsign in about 1983

(and if the recently announced OFCOM licence review goes through unchanged I'll be allowed to revert to G4SLV again, despite living in Scotland. And I can't wait to go back to my “real” callsign!)

I didn't like the original small plastic disc-like knob and at some point, at University in around 1985, I exchanged it for the channel select knob from a Decca Voyager HF SSB Marine transceiver that I had stripped for parts. This is a much larger and heavier aluminium knob which make the key feel much more solid.

The replacement Decca Voyager knob mounting details

The axle (trunnion?) ends are supported by ball bearings, tensioned with springs and the key, for all its cheapness, feels nice and smooth. I've often toyed with getting rid of it and getting something “proper” (a Marconi 365, a PS213, a Junkers, a NATO, or something modern and handmade and brass) but I keep coming back to it and don't see the need to replace it. Of course a small collection of keys is still an option, for interest and variety, but not a necessity while I have this one.

Modern version

I noticed recently that the currently available version of the HK-708 is significantly different to my old one from 40 years ago.

The new one has the same small disc-like knob (which I didn't like) but the main lever is straight, not curved downwards at the knob and I see that the tension spring is forward of the axle, towards the front of the key, so it must be in compression, rather than tension. Whether that makes a difference to the feel, I don't know. I also don't know if the pivots are still ball-bearings or simple bushes. I don't think I'll risk getting a new one to keep on hand in case of need!

— John Pumford-Green 20/06/23 05:45

Further Information

radio, key, cw

Vibroplex Champion Bug

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 20:48:48 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Vibroplex Champion Bug

1960 Champion Model

Bought : June 2023, eBay
Cost : £150
Serial Number : 211617
Date : 1960
Plate : D6

Photos

Details

Bought from eBay seller morsecodemad . Arrived 23/6/23 in good condition, with only the dot contacts requiring a cleaning/polishing to make it work perfectly “from the box”

Minimum speed appears to be around 20 wpm, which is a little faster than my Presentation bug which goes down (with both weights at the end) to around 18wpm.

Feels very smooth and much quieter than the Presentation and is very pleasant to use, on the first night's testing on air 23/6/23.

Worked a few stations on 30m with the Champion to check it out and found it working perfectly.

SB7S
UA1ALY
F8GNV
W2IRT
UV5EML
DK6FX

The only issues were with my own technique, which is still developing and needs much more work.

— John Pumford-Green 20/06/23 05:43

Further Information

radio, bug, cw

60m

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:58:36 +0000

←Radio Topics

60m

A return to 60m in earnest

I've been active on 60m since it was first available (with a NOV) - and mostly in Digimodes on FK / 5366.5kHz, along with a bit of CW and very little SSB. For many years 60m digimodes was the only activity I did on the radio. In recent years I've been largely QRT, or having the odd spell on CW, but I still have an interest in 60m as a place for experimentation and for inter-UK communications. 2024 will be my year of 60m, with more SSB operating.

Band Utilization

Captured well by G3NRW's chart uk_60m_5_mhz_band_utilization_chart_band_plan_by_g3nrw.pdf
Since this chart was first produced many more European countries have access to 60m - mostly using the WARC allocation 5351.5 → 5366.5
The UK was first to have access to 60m but we are now out of touch with how the band is developing, locked in our unique set of bandlets.
Digimodes among UK stations still takes place on 5366.5kHz (USB Dial) which is an RF centre frequency of 5368.0. This is therefore out of the WARC allocation.
- Many Eu hams choose to ignore this - the WARC allocation goes to 5366.5kHz and if they set their radios to 5366.5kHz they operate there ignoring the fact that their actual signal is out of band.
- I tend to just work them and leave them to juggle the legalities.
I still see the band as interesting mainly for it's use as quiet, mostly channelized band for inter-UK experiments, rather than a band for “working DX”.
The WARC band has evolved its own internal band-plan.
- IARU Bandplan including 5MHz WARC hf_r1_bandplan.pdf

5351.5 → 5354.0	5354.0 → 5358.0	5358.0 → 5362.0	5362.0 → 5366.0	5366.0 → 5366.5
CW NOT UK	All Modes UK OK FT8 @ dial 5357 UK Beware band edge	All Modes NOT UK	All Modes UK OK SSB 5363 Common	Weak Signal UK OK WSPR @dial 5364.7

USA

Channel	Dial	Centre	Comments
1	5330.5	5332.0
2	5346.5	5348.0
3	5357.0	5358.5	In WARC : FT8
4	5371.5	5373.0	Shared UK
5	5403.5	5405.0	Shared UK

100W PEP ERP
Data & CW must be on centre frequency of channel (FT8 on 5357.0 + 1.5kHz ONLY??)

Canada

Same channels as USA
Also WARC Band 5351.5 → 5366.5 at 100W ERP

UK : Occupancy versus Bandlet/channel

I plan to investigate which bandlets are used for amateur QSOs and where/when any non-ham, commercial, military and UNID activity blocks access to our allocated spectrum.
- Which bandlets are clobbered regularly?
- Which bandlets have clear SSB channels most of the time?
- Where are the regular amateur nets, QSOs, CQ calls?

UK Bandlet List

No.	Start → Stop	Width	Comments (*Centre of Activity*)	SSB Dial range	Utilization 2024	CQ?	Non Ham Occupancy
1	5258.5 → 5264.0	5.5	FA 5258.5 *UK CW @ 5260.0*		CW @ 5260.0	CQ
2	5276.0 → 5284.0	8.0	FB 5278.5	5276.0 → 5281.0	5279.0		Fishfone
3	5288.5 → 5292.0	3.5	FC 5288.5 BEACONS & WSPR ONLY		Beacons W @ 5287.2
4	5298.0 → 5307.0	9.0		5298.0 → 5304.0			5298.0→5303.0 data@night 5304.0 clear
5	5313.0 → 5323.0	10.0	*UK AM @ 5317.0*	5313.0 → 5320.0	5320.0
6	5333.0 → 5338.0	5.0		5333.0 → 5335.0	5335.0		5333.0→5335.0 data@night
7	5354.0 → 5358.0	4.0	WARC FT8 @ 5357.0 USA Ch. 3 UK beware band edge	5354.0 → 5355.0
8	5362.0 → 5374.5	12.5	WARC→5366.5, WSPR 5363.0 SSB FK UK DIGI @ 5366.5 FL 5371.5 USA Ch. 4	5362.0 → 5371.5	5363.0 W @ 5364.7 D @ 5366.5 5371.5
9	5378.0 → 5382.0	4.0		5378.0 → 5379.0
10	5395.0 → 53401.5	6.5	FE UK SSB @ 5398.5	5395.0 → 5398.5	5395.0 5398.5	CQ	5395→5397 data@night FE Clear
11	5403.5 → 5406.5	3.0	FM 5403.5 USA Ch. 5 DX	5403.5	5403.5	CQ

SSB and “Dial Frequency” unless specified

W = WSPR
WL = Winlink
D = Digi (Olivia, MFSK, Contesia, PSK31 etc.)
DV = Digital Voice (FreeDV?)

Other 60m Users

User	Frequency	Location	Comments
UK Cadets	5245	Various	NRN - Replacement for 5345?
RAF Volmet	5450	England
Shannon Volmet	5505	Ireland
UK Rescue	5680	Various	Based at NMOC Fareham?
DRA5	5195	Germany	CW Beacon → DK0WCY
Aero	Various	Various	HF Utilities

Further Information

Exercise Blue Ham 2024

60m is shared in the UK with the Primary User - military - and we are allowed to have 2-way communication with Cadet Stations.
While they do appear occasionally on our shared bandlets they tend to be more active on their own specific cadet frequencies
Once or twice a year there is a better opportunity to work Cadet Stations - Exercise Blue Ham

The next Blue Ham is

June 17 - June 21 2024
All 5MHz UK SSB slots and data on 5366.5
See Alpha Charlie https://alphacharlie.org.uk/exercise-blue-ham/
See M0PLT https://www.m0plt.me.uk/blueham.php
Callsigns:
- Air Cadets : MRxyy
- Sea Cadets : MFxyy
- Army Cadets : (tbc)
- CCF : (tbc)

For other cadet radio info, as I find it, see Cadet Radio Info

60m band Wikipedia Page

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60-meter_band#

— John Pumford-Green 31/03/24 18:50

Page Updated: 04/06/26 07:58 BST

60m, radio, ssb

DMR and DV Modes

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:59:41 +0000

←Radio Topics

DMR and DV Modes

Hotspots

DVMega Simplex hotspot
MMDVM_HS_Hat Simplex hotspot
MMDVM_HS_Dual_Hat Duplex Hotspot

Date	Hotspot	Colour	Frequency	Config	Location	Software	Comments
25/03/24	DVmega	N/A	434.000MHz	wpsd_config_fusion_2024-mar-26.zip	Home	WPSD	YSF Single mode
17/03/24	MMDVM	Red	438.800MHz		Mobile	Pi-Star	2-DMR Network
25/03/24	Duplex MMDVM	Green	439.950MHz / -9.9MHz	pi-star_config_repeater_2024-mar-26.zip	Home	Pi-Star	2-DMR Network

https://brandmeister.network/?page=device&id=235442904

Brandmeister Details

On arrival (25/3/24) the Dual-Hat board had the wrong firmware (MMDVM_HS_HAT) and would not operate correctly as a duplex/two-timeslot hotspot.
Pi-Star has capability to upgrade attached MMDVM firmware, but attempts to load MMDVM_HS_Dual_Hat repeatedly failed
The firmware upload function was locked but unlocking was a simple matter of solder-bridging the pads of “JP1” on the MMDVM board.
Pi-Star Firmware upgraded successfully to MMDVM_HS_Dual_Hat v1.6 and duplex/two timeslot functionality was successful

Radios

— John Pumford-Green 17/03/24 23:34

Further Information

DMR Dashboards

Phoenix A	MMDVM Repeaters	http://dvsph-a.dvsph.net/
Phoenix F	Hotspots	http://phoenix-f.opendmr.net/ipsc/
Phoenix K	Hytera / Motorola Repeaters	http://dvsph-k.dvsph.net/ipsc/
Phoenix M	Personal Repeaters	http://phoenix-m.opendmr.net/ipsc/
GM4SLV	My Hotspot	http://gm4slv.plus.com:28080/
GB7HT	Ashington / G4NAB	http://gb7ht.ddns.net:8080/

radio, dv, pistar, ysf, nxdn, dmr

QRSS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 08 Jul 2026 12:56:16 +0000

←Radio Topics

QRSS

I've started playing with QRSS, inspired by getting involved with QMX and QCX and the QRP world. QRSS is something to use the equipment for while I'm not actively operating CW, and by either transmitting QRSS for other people to receive, or running a receive “grabber” for other people to observe, I'm helping with other people's experimental use of the hobby (and my own). I could continue using WSPR for similar ends, but I find QRSS much more human.

First Step

I need to be able to receive - never transmit if you can't receive first. I remember using Spectrum Lab in the past, on 500kHz for a grabber, and I knew it ran well under Wine on Linux. So I installed Spectrum Lab on my Linux shack laptop.

A bit of fiddling and I got it to display QRSS nicely.

Grabber

Receiving locally is nice, but the real fun comes from sharing the waterfall image via the internet…. a “grabber”

That just required setting Spectrum Lab to make regular screen captures, and to deposit them in a directory where they can be accessed by the Linux system easily.

And then a small bash script to send the file by SCP to my VPS webserver.

#!/bin/bash
DIR=/home/g4slv/Screenshots
 
sleep 5
 
scp -P 2182 $DIR/capt.jpg g4slv@g4slv.info:
rm $DIR/capt.jpg

and on the VPS another bash script to rename the new capture to include a datestamp, and then to copy the new capture to the webserver, along with the date-stamped copy.

#!/bin/bash
 
 
DATE=`date +%y%m%d_%H%M`
 
DIR=/home/g4slv
sleep 30
if [ -e capt.jpg ]
then
        cp capt.jpg capt_$DATE.jpg
        sudo mv $DIR/*.jpg /var/www/html/grabs/
fi

This makes sure I don't lose all the grabs, and can access them via the website, to look for interesting artifacts, or signals of interest.

Both scripts run every 10 minutes via Crontab. Each script has a sleep command to delay its operation to allow the correct sequence of actions, and to give time for the SCP operation to upload the new capture file to the VPS.

On the following grab, at 12:00 UTC 8 Jul 2026 are:

GM4GKH using some Hell variant rather than QRSS CW
S52AB
SO5CW
G0PKT
M0BMN
G0MBN
G4JQT
IK2JET

QRSS TX

To set the QMX to operate as a QRSS beacon is a bit convoluted….

Protection
- PA Max volts → 3V - this will give approx 1W
Messages
- Message 1 → GM4SLV
Keyer (from single click of Menu key in normal operation mode) → 6 (dot = 6 seconds)
Beacon
- Mode → FSKCW
- Frequency → 10,140,050
- Frame → 10 (repeat every ten minutes)
- Start → 0 (start on minute zero)
- Time → set to any random time, it's just used to start each TX cycle every “Frame” minutes. Absolute time isn't important.

Sending “GM4SLV” at 6-second dot takes about 7 minutes, and then there's 3 minutes of RX to allow the PA to cool down, and the cycle repeats every 10 minutes. I don't know if the RTC is accurate enough to allow for “stacking” to improve reception of my signals, without GPS time lock it might drift around a little?

Further Information

Knights QRSS Group : https://groups.io/g/qrssknights
QRSSPlus Grabber collection : https://swharden.com/qrss/plus/
QXM User Guide : operation_1_03_002.pdf
Spectrum Lab Installation file obtained from https://www.qsl.net/dl4yhf/spectra1.html : install_speclab.zip
Spectrum Lab usr file for the grabber : gm4slv_30m_grabber.usr

Page created : 08/07/26 11:44 BST

Page updated : 08/07/26 13:56 BST

radio, qrss, 30m, qmx, grabber

QSO Logging

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:15:51 +0000

←Radio Topics

QSO Logging

2023 Logging setup

Paper Logbook

I've always (when I remember) used a Paper Logbook for CW and SSB contacts. I'm on the third book after starting the 1st one in March 1983.

I usually don't (but sometimes do) log Digimode QSOs on paper, as fldigi has its own ADIF logbook. However I've moved/installed/upgraded/deleted various fldigi installations on so many different PCs that I've actually lost all the logs anyway. I've recently started logging all QSOs in the paper logbook. There's no chance of “accidentally deleting” a real, paper logbook, after all.

Update July 2023

I initially started to make notes of each day's activity and QSOs here, in the wiki
This became a chore, too many separate things to do during/after a QSO
I ditched the wiki-diary idea but want to have more of a record of QSOs, and other notes on condx etc. than a simple one line entry in the logbook
I started keeping a paper “journal” - basically a more carefully created scratch-pad - with entries being done during the QSO - my notes done at the time.
The left hand page of the spread is a scribble/rough notes area and the right hand page of the spread has notes of activity, CQs made, CQs replied to, QSOs, callsigns, propagation data (SFI, A, K etc), beacons heard, anything really.
I still add an entry to both paper logbook and Xlog, but they don't need too much additional detail, as it's all in the “journal”

Electronic Logs

I've tried various PC based log systems over the years. A few years ago I had a major project to add all the old data from my paper logs into an electronic log - I think I used “logger32” on a windows PC. I started from August 2003, the date I re-activated my dormant interest in amateur radio, and I built my Elecraft K1.

I count this as “day zero” of my current radio incarnation.

I could then export the ADIF file and could use it to “pre-populate” any new log system I fancied trying.

I now use xlog on my shack's old Linux laptop. It has all the QSO data from August 2003 to the present (except most Digimode QSOs) and I continue to use xlog in parallel with a good old fashioned paper logbook.

I have also discovered that fldigi will automatically add each logged QSO to Xlog, if they are running on the same machine, which means I can now ensure my digimode QSOs are recorded alongside my CW and SSB QSOs.

As of August 26th 2023 I no longer keep an electronic log.

I have ceased LOTW uploads. QSLs are now direct only if anyone wants/needs confirmation of a QSO

LOTW

While I was adding all my historical QSO data to an electronic log I decided to “join” the ARRL Logbook Of The World and add my QSO data. I did it in various stages, but I think I've now got all my QSO records uploaded to LOTW. This is mainly to assist others in their paper chasing goals, as I'm not generally interested in getting QSLs in order to claim awards (I've only got 84 DXCC “confirmed” on LOTW for “Mixed”, with 65 in Phone and 65 in CW). If my uploads allow other people to reach targets, without me needing to write and post physical QSL cards, then it's easy enough to oblige with LOTW. I had to download the sourcecode and compile the latest version of TQSL from the ARRL website to run on Linux. I forget how I got the necessary certificates from ARRL….

Club Log

~~I created a ClubLog account and I also upload my ADIF exports at regular intervals. I embed the “last 30” QSOs on my qrz.com page.~~

Update July 2023

I decided it's too cumbersome, and with no obvious benefit, to upload ADIF files to ClubLog as well as to LOTW
- ClubLog has no purpose, really, for me at the moment

Update August 28 2023

I have decided to drop ALL computer logging
- this means no LOTW either
I want a simpler radio shack, without reliance on computer for logging or any other purpose.
Logging : paper log book
Notes : on paper in separate “diary” made during QSO - these can be dated and kept as a reference
- Notes on radio setup, antennas, beacons etc., solar conditions etc. are in the same “diary” - as a record of day to day activity alongside any QSOs etc.
No RBN checking, no QRZ.COM checking.
Re-start card-index of stations worked, if not too time-consuming?

Workflow

~~start flrig & ensure correct communication with IC-7200~~
~~start fldigi & ensure it controls the IC-7200 via flrig~~
~~start xlog & ensure it shows the correct radio frequency (when the freq. log button is pressed)~~
have QSOs in ~~fldigi or~~ CW and log in paper logbook ~~as appropriate~~
~~export log ADIF file from xlog - selecting the latest QSO numbers, rather than the whole log~~
~~use TQSL to sign and upload this latest ADIF export to my LOTW account<?del> * <del>use the ClubLog website to upload this latest ADIF export to my CLubLog account~~

— John Pumford-Green 19/06/23 12:55

Further Information

Shack 2023

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:16:54 +0000

←Radio Topics

Shack 2023

Changes to Shack layout over time

18/06/23 - operating CW

Operating Bench

Work Bench

— John Pumford-Green 18/06/23 16:12

Further Information

radio

Experiments

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:09:34 +0000

←Playground Area

Experiments

Radio Discussions

Blog Discussions

All Comments

QRSS MEPT	12/07/26 08:26 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, qrss, arduino, mept
Arduino Project	10/07/26 23:15 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, arduino, qrss, homebrew
Soldersmoke	10/07/26 22:40 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, soldersmoke, podcast
Shack To Makerspace	09/07/26 22:40 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, shack
Experiments	09/07/26 14:04 BST		4 Comments
Some QRSS Grabs	09/07/26 13:08 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, qrss, qmx, grabber
QRSS	08/07/26 12:24 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, qrss, 30m, qmx, grabber
QRSS	08/07/26 11:33 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, qrss, qrp, qmx, knightsqrss
Diaries	07/07/26 09:56 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	diary
The Fediverse	07/07/26 09:55 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	mastodon, peertube, fediverse
Radio Update - QRP etc	07/07/26 09:55 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, cw, qrp, qmx
Antenna Changes	07/07/26 09:54 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, antenna, qrp
Radio Clubs	07/07/26 09:54 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, radio club, q-qrp-c, fists, cw
QMX Two Way QSO	07/07/26 09:54 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	radio, qmx, qrp, cw
Becoming Teetotal	07/07/26 09:52 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	makeittea
Finding Things In A Diary	19/04/26 09:48 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	diary
Privacy ?	19/04/26 09:45 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments
Music - A Return To An Old Hobby	19/04/26 09:45 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	music
Blogging Platforms	19/04/26 09:44 BST	John Pumford-Green	0 Comments	pure, blog

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Top ↑

Music - A Return To An Old Hobby

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:45:07 +0000

Music - A Return To An Old Hobby

date: 2026-03-02 14:52

I used to play a lot of music - by this I mean actually play it myself, on instruments like mandolin, bodhran, guitar….

I first fiddled with guitar as a teenager. Badly. I had a cheap nylon strung “classical” guitar, and even for a while a very cheap and very, very nasty electric guitar.

When I went to University in 1984 I was already into folk music, as well as heavily into early Mike Oldfield. So I knew of the bodhran. I bought myself a basic model mandolin and found a guy who made bodhrans in a small workshop in Manchester. All I could afford was a very basic calf-skin bodhran but it was enough to get the hang of it.

I listened to a lot of Planxty, Bothy Band, Boys from the Lough, Andy Irvine etc. back then, all on vinyl. I still have the same vinyl albums and play them occasionally even now.

Here's a B&W photo of my stash of instruments from around 1986. I developed & printed it myself, using an enlarger a mate had borrowed & set up in the bathroom in his flat. I recently found the photo again, and put it in a clip frame and hung it in my den.

I later bought a better mandolin, and also got better goatskin bodhran from Hobgoblin Music.

I sold my 1st mandolin, and bodhran to a mate of mine. I think he still has them. I certainly still have my 2nd mandolin and bodhran.

While I was at UMIST, between 1984 and 1988 I used to drink in the Jolly Angler in Ducie Street. It was a backstreet Irish pub, but had no music session. I went to play pool with mates and drink copious quantities of Hyde's Anvil bitter (and at Christmas time their strong Winter Ale from a small barrel on the bar).

The landlord had a niece who at that time was doing her O levels and was struggling with maths. She was a mean piano accordion player too. We started a weekly maths tuition followed by a few tunes. I took my mandolin and she took her PA.

After a few weeks of this a few customers asked

“is this a regular session?”

“no, just us having a few tunes”

“is it ok if we join in next week? There's no good session on a Thursday nearby”

“ Yeah! that'd be fun”

and then it exploded from there.

More and more and more people came on a Thursday night. After only a few weeks I found I was well out of my depth, and stopped playing, or trying to play. I'd learned a few new tunes in the first few weeks of the session but then found all I could do was sit and watch and listen.

But I still played mandolin for my own amusement. I wasn't particularly good, but I enjoyed it.

There have been various instruments over the years since then.

Later, after leaving UMIST and getting a job I bought myself a bouzouki from Hobgoblin too.

My parents had found an old Hohner Double-Ray Black-Dot in B/C at an antiques fair which I later bought by visiting the guy's house in Cramlington (nr. Newcastle) while we were visiting.

The story of this is on my old, old website which I recently uncovered…

https://g4slv.info/website/pages/music.htm

I then bought a 2nd hand Saltarelle “Le Bouebe” melodeon in D/G in around 2002, and later a Castagnari Lilly melodeon for my 40th birthday in 2006. I later sold the Lilly, as I wasn't playing it enough to justify keeping it.

I still have the Saltarelle. But I rarely ever take it out and play it any more.

Here's an old photo of me in the Westings, Shetland.

I got to be “ok” on melodeon - but nothing better then “ok”.

In fact I've never got better than “ok” on anything, in the 45+ years of my trying to play.

I didn't have a guitar for several years and during Covid lockdown in 2020 I bought a cheap classical guitar (Yamaha C40) and spent a lot of time while isolated at home trying to learn proper classical guitar. I followed some of the excellent courses by Bradford Werner https://www.thisisclassicalguitar.com/start-here/. When life returned to normal I stopped studying, but I'd already found some physical problems with my wrists and hands due to the Rheumatoid Arthritis. I still noodle on the guitar, but I can't see me being able to really immerse myself in learning it properly.

I also bought a Treble Recorder last year and then neglected to do anything about it. I'd played Descant Recorder as a primary schoolboy aged 10 or so. That's where I learned to read music. So the Treble Recorder was supposed to be my way of reconnecting with the fun of learning a new (and at face value fairly simple) instrument. Of course the Recorder is a vastly under-rated instrument capable of magical sound when played by an expert.

I recently found some old mp3 recordings I'd done in around 2002, in a zip file which contained the HTML and other files from a website I had back then. There were 4 mp3 files that had me playing mandolin, and bodhran (and guitar, out of tune)

They are badly recorded - from memory I did it by using a pair of cheap stereo headphones as a microphone (!) and recording using grecord on a linux box (an old Gnome app for simple sound recording - probably running on Red Hat 6?)

To multi track I'd play the 1st recording back from the speakers on another linux box while recording the 2nd track (and the playback of the 1st which was audible in the background….) and I'd repeat this again to get a 3rd track.

The are in https://g4slv.info/website/pshed/ and these are the links to the files

The future?

So, now, at 60 years old I'm wondering what to do with myself. What hobby to persue. How to find joy and fun again.

I found myself looking up at my mandolin a few nights ago, thinking *“I wonder if I remember any tunes?”* and I took it down from its hanger. And 2 hours later I forced myself to put it down & go to bed….

I've been a little lost recently, not knowing what to do with my spare time. Perhaps this is the answer. Just enjoy playing music for my own amusement again.

music

Bookmarks

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 06 Mar 2025 21:51:59 +0000

←Computers

Bookmarks

Exported Bookmark file

Bookmarks

bookmarks_22_02_2024.html

bookmarks_09_03_2024.html

bookmarks_06_03_2025.html

— John Pumford-Green 02/03/24 20:27

Further Information

html

DM41X 41z Module

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 15:42:44 +0000

←Calculators

DM41X 41z Module

Keyboard Overlay

Setup

assign the complex keyboard Z i.e. function ΣZL to USER menu on key Σ+
- SHIFT ASN ALPHA SHIFT F Z L ALPHA Σ+
  - SHIFT F is the method of getting Σ from the ALPHA keyboard (see the back of calculator)
- Enter USER mode with USR key
- The Σ+ now activates a complex number function when it's pressed - for one operation only

The rest of the guide was written without the use of full-time ZKEYS in mind

in the forum thread dealing with the factorization bug in the deluxe version Angel recommended I use the ΣZL method. He fears that occasionally ZKEYS might be broken with incorrect/missing USER assignments - so I'll try to stick to the normal ΣZL method.

Quick Ref

Z = Σ+

↑IM/AG = Z XEQ
ZREAL↑ = Z Z RCL
ZIMAG↑ = Z Z XEQ
ZINV = Z 1/X
POLAR = Z Z R→P (i.e. 6)
RECT = Z Z P→R (i.e. 5)
ZCONJ = Z SHIFT CHS (complex conjugate)
Z ^ X = Z EEX
Z ^ 1/X = Z Z EEX (root(s) of complex number) : see Cubic Roots
- ZNXTNRT _ = Z Z SHIFT √x NEXT ROOT enter the root you want
ZWDOT = ZZ. : dot product of 2 vectors/complex numbers
ZWCROSS = ZZ2 : Magnitude of the Cross Product of 2 vectors/complex numbers (no sign)
ZWDET = ZZ7 : Determinant (Cross Product) of 2 vectors/complex numbers, incl. sign/direction

Basic Operation

enter two numbers and add them together

The ''natural'' entry method

Enter a complex number to the stack
- 5 + j 20
  - 5 Z XEQ 2 0 ENTER
    - Z XEQ is ^IM/AG - set the imaginary part
add a second number to the stack
- 10 - j 32
  - 10 Z XEQ 3 2 CHS ENTER
add the two numbers together
- Z +
15 - j 12

Enter a real number

2.75 + j 0
- 2.75 Z Z RCL

Enter an imaginary number

0 + j 3.1415 (i Pi)
- SHIFT π Z Z XEQ

Use it to calculate with....

calculate e^iπ
- Z SHIFT e^x
- - 1 + j 0
- e^iπ = -1

Parallel Impedances

This involves the complex inverse function Z 1/x

Z1 = 50 + j 13 in parallel with Z2 = 23 - j 85
- enter Z1 50 Z XEQ 13 ENTER and invert it Z 1/X
  - 0.02 - j 4.87E-3
- enter Z2 23 Z XEQ 85 CHS ENTER and invert it Z 1/X
  - 2.97E-3 + j0.01
- add them together Z +
  - 0.02 +j0.01 and invert Z 1/X
    - 42.72 - j 11.99

convert to Rectangular ⇔ Polar operation

Z = 50 - j 23
initially in rectangular form…¹⁾
- enter Z as usual
  - 50 Z XEQ 23CHS ENTER
- convert to Polar format
  - Z Z 6 ( 6 is R→P but needs two presses of Z to activate it)
  - 55.04 ∠ -24.70
- convert back to Rectangular operation
  - Z Z 5
  - 50 - j 23

enter a number directly in Polar format

To enter 5 ∠ 53.13 directly
- switch to Polar format Z Z 6
- enter Mag / Angle:
  - 5 Z XEQ 53.13 ENTER
  - display : 5 ∠ 53.13
convert to Rect
- Z Z 5
  - display : 3.00 + j 4.00

Cubic Roots

Rectangular

enter complex real number -8 + j 0
- 8 CHS Z Z RCL
  - -8 + j 0
- enter 3 (goes into the normal X register)
- find the result of Z↑1/x
  - Z ZEEX
    - 1 + j 1.732 (the first of the cube-roots of -8)
- find the next root with the function ZNXTNRT
  - Z Z SHIFT√x
  - enter 3 at the _ prompt
    - -2 + j 0
- find the next root with the function ZNXTNRT
  - Z Z SHIFT √x
  - enter 3 at the _ prompt
    - 1 - j 1.732

The 3 cube roots of -8 are

1 + j 1.732
-2 + j 0 (the basic real cube root)
1 - j 1.732

Polar

enter complex real number -8 + j 0
- 8 CHS Z Z RCL
  - -8 + j 0
  - convert to POLAR
    - Z Z6
      - 8 ∠ 180
- enter 3 (goes into the normal X register)
- find the result of Z↑1/x
  - Z Z EEX
    - 2 ∠ 60.000 (the first of the cube-roots of -8)
- find the next root with the function ZNXTNRT
  - Z Z SHIFT √x
  - enter 3 at the _ prompt
    - 2 ∠ 180
- find the next root with the function ZNXTNRT
  - ZZSHIFT√x
  - enter 3 at the _ prompt
    - 2 ∠ -60.000

The 3 cube roots (in POLAR) of -8 are

2 ∠ 60.000
2 ∠ 180
2 ∠ -60.000

Alternate input method

BEWARE

key Imaginary part first & press normal ENTER
key real part (and no ENTER)
do complex enter (Z ENTER) or another complex function (e.g. Z +) (be careful with the stack lift or it gets confusing)
e.g. 52 + j 36
- 36 ENTER 52 Z ENTER
- 52 + j 36 is now in Stack
enter second number
e.g. 23 - j 15
- 15 CHS ENTER 23 (don't Z ENTER this…!!)
to add them together use Z + now (instead of Z ENTER)
result : 75 + j 21

gotcha

pressing Z ENTER after the second number (instead of the required complex function) will give you

Stack value	Stack
	U
52 + j 36	V
23 - j 15	W
23 - j 15	Z

doing a Z + now will add the second number to itself and the result will be 46 - j 30

This is normal RPN stack behaviour, but is confusing when you're building complex numbers.

use ↑IM/AG instead

The natural entry mode is much better

you enter the real and imaginary parts in the order you expect them
the stack operation is less obscure.
It just seems more intuitive.

Page created Wed May 25 15:14:29 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 17/02/26 15:42 GMT

calculator, dm41x

¹⁾

Z Z 5 to make sure!

DM41X Advantage Pac

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 08:43:14 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X Advantage Pac

The HP Advantage Pac module

Useful Functions

The Advantage Pac Module adds several features not normally found on the HP41.

The most useful to me are

MATRX : Simple square matrix “Simultaneous Equation” solutions
CFIT : Fitting data to various curves : LIN/LOG/E^x/Power
SOLVE and INTEGrate : similar to the HP15C/DM15L functions
PLY Polynomial Solver
Matrix (more extensive than the one above)
TVM : Finance calculations

Also available are

Complex Numbers
Number Bases and Boolean Logic

- these are better handled in the Angel Martin modules DM41X 41z Module and DM41X HP16C Module

These are less useful to me (at the moment)

Vector
Differential Equations
Co-ordinate Transformations

Flag 21

Remember to Clear FLAG 21 after using any Advantage Pac programs - by turning the DM41X OFF and ON again….

— John Pumford-Green 05/08/22 14:26

Further Information

calculator, dm41x

HP-11C Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 16:31:18 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

HP-11C Info

Purchase Information

Date : 24/7/22
From : eBay
Price : £63.49
Serial : 2219AO3710

Notes

Bought on eBay as a first, relatively cheap, vintage HP Voyager model. Some of the keys are a little vague feeling, although always registering positively and never missing a key-press (unlike the Swiss Micro DM15L which occasionally misses a key-press if it's not performed with enough pressure).

I like the old feel, and although it's noticeably slower than more modern calculators, it has plenty of useful features and functions to be carried and used when the higher power or features of the DM42, DM41X or DM15L are not needed.

Guides

Hints & Tips

Issues

HP-11C Owner's Handbook

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org

HP-11C Owner's Handbook & Problem-Solving Guide : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp11c-oh-en.pdf

HP11C Program Listings

See HP11C Progs

Page Updated : 17/02/26 16:31 GMT

calculator, hp11c

DokuWiki Tweaks

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 15:02:31 +0000

←Dokuwiki

DokuWiki Tweaks

Hide Revisions and Page Source for not-ADMIN in Users

Edit ../lib/tpl/monobook/conf/tabs.php to add the check of AUTH_ADMIN for the tabs for Page Source and Revisions

            if(!empty($INFO["exists"])){
                $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"] = $lang["btn_edit"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
            }else{
                $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"] = $lang["btn_create"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
            }
        }
    }elseif (actionOK("source") && (auth_quickaclcheck($ID) == AUTH_ADMIN)){ //check if action is disabled and also that AUTH_ADMIN is logged in
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"]      = $lang["btn_source"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["accesskey"] = "E";
    }
 
 
    //old versions/revisions tab
    if (!empty($INFO["exists"]) &&
            actionOK("revisions")
        && (auth_quickaclcheck($ID) == AUTH_ADMIN)) // check AUTH_ADMIN is logged in to see old revisions
        { //check if action is disabled
        //ATTENTION: "ca-history" is used as css id selector!
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["text"]      = $lang["btn_revs"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["href"]      = wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "revisions"), false, "&");
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["accesskey"] = "O";
        if ($ACT === "revisions"){ //$ACT comes from DokuWiki core
            $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["class"] = "selected";
        }

Include / Blog "Read More..."

The default is for a “read more…” link to be placed at the extreme right of the page - which is not ideal when using Monobook template.

I found the css setting that controls the position of “read more…” in ../lib/plugins/include/style.css

div.dokuwiki p.include_readmore {
  text-align: right;
}

changing it to

div.dokuwiki p.include_readmore {
  text-align: left;
}

solved the problem and “read more…” is now on the left, directly at the point that the eyes get to when reading a post on the main blog index page.

To prevent this being overwritten on updates I found it works to put the same stanza in ../conf/userstyle.css which should keep it safe…

Vector / Monobook tweaks

I like the Vector and Monobook templates, very similar feel to Wikipedia

Logout errors with later versions of Dokuwiki

After upgrading Dokuwiki to Igor it became impossible to log out due to a warning

Security Token did not match. Possible CSRF attack.

I initially ignored it but then downgraded back to Hogfather as there seemed to be no fix - other than to use a different template.

I recently upgraded to the latest Dokuwiki (Jack Jackrum), and upgraded all plugins and templates where possible. However the problem with logout with Vector and Monobook re-appeared.

I found there was a fix described on the forum:

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/20248-security-token-did-not-match-possible-csrf-attack-cannot-log-out

and the cure is to edit the appropriate line in main.php for each template, as the author seems not to be maintaining these templates any more, at least not the official ones accessed via Dokuwiki's Template/Extension installer. The github repository shows that the fix has been applied to Vector, and a pull request submitted to fix Monobook, the fixes haven't appeared in the official versions.

The does work, though…

For Vector edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/vector/main.php to add , 'sectok' ⇒ getSecurityToken() in the array statement after “do” ⇒ “logout”

 echo  "      <li id=\"pt-logout\"><a href=\"".wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "logout", 'sectok' => getSecurityToken()))."\" rel=\"nofollow\">".hsc($lang["btn_logout"])."</a></li>\n"; //language comes from DokuWiki core

and the same for Monobook

 echo  "          <li id=\"pt-logout\"><a href=\"".wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "logout", 'sectok' => getSecurityToken()))."\" rel=\"nofollow\">".hsc($lang["btn_logout"])."</a></li>\n"; //language comes from DokuWiki core

Monospace font

I found the style applied to monospace text was a little underwhelming.

I found the place to change it:

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/{vector|monobook}/user/screen.css

add the the following and adjust as needed:

div#content .dokuwiki code {
  font-size: 100%;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  background-color: #eee;
  color: #00f;
  direction: ltr;
  text-align: left;
}

Footer Buttons

Remove the default footer buttons by editing {vector|monobook}/user/buttons.php and adding

For Monobook, change to

$_monobook_btns = array();

//delete all (defaults)
$_vector_btns = array();

this suppresses the inclusion of footer buttons from vector/conf/buttons.php

Add just the Dokuwiki and Vector/Monobook Buttons

Edit {vector|monobook}/user/buttons.php

Swap monobook for vector as appropriate

<?php
 
//check if we are running within the DokuWiki environment
if (!defined("DOKU_INC")){
    die();
}
//delete all (defaults)
$_vector_btns = array();  
 
//note: The buttons will be rendered in the order they were defined. Means:
//      first button will be rendered first, last button will be rendered at
//      last.
//DokuWiki button
$_vector_btns["dw"]["img"]      = DOKU_TPL."static/img/button-dw.png";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["href"]     = "https://www.dokuwiki.org/";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["width"]    = 80;
$_vector_btns["dw"]["height"]   = 15;
$_vector_btns["dw"]["title"]    = "DokuWiki";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["nofollow"] = !(cleanID(getID()) === "start");
 
//"vector for DokuWiki" button
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["img"]      = DOKU_TPL."static/img/button-vector.png";
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["href"]     = "https://www.dokuwiki.org/template:vector";
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["width"]    = 80;
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["height"]   = 15;
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["title"]    = $lang["vector_mdtemplatefordw"];
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["nofollow"] = !(cleanID(getID()) === "start");

Symbol Chooser font size

The drop-down picker for choosing a symbol to insert in the text being edited is very small in Monobook as standard.

It's controlled by the pickerbutton class and is set at 80% in the standard monobook css.

It's adjusted thus (to 1.2em) and some extra margin added around the symbols:

button.pickerbutton {

padding: 0px;
margin: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
border: 0;
background-color: transparent;
font-size: 1.2em;
cursor: pointer;

}

Put this in user/screen.css with all the other tweaks.

Mobile Scaling

The layout on a phone isn't too good, and can't be zoomed/scaled.

I found this thread:

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/12469-vector-template-doesn-t-display-correctly-on-mobile-devices/6

and applied the comment-out of the line :

//echo "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1\" />";

in main.php and mediamanager.php

the page now scales/zooms okay to make it useable on a phone.

Monobook user/screen.css

/* Give sidebar more space.
 
   Default widths:
   - 12.2em as left spacer for the content area. This example is using 14.2em
     instead.
   - 11.6em as sidebar width. This example is using 13.6em instead.
   - 10.9em as width for the search input field. This example is using 12.9em
     instead.
   - 150px as left spacer for the Ajax searchbox. This example is using 180px.
*/
/* move content container more to the right */
#content {
  margin: 2.8em 0 0 14.2em;
}
#column-content {
  margin: 0 0 .6em -14.2em;
}
#column-content #content {
  margin-left: 14.2em !important; /* adjustment for  IE (7) */
}
/* redefine sidebar width + tab bar position */
.portlet {
  width: 13.6em;
}
#p-cactions {
  left: 13.6em; /* tab bar */
}
/* search input field */
#qsearch__in {
  width: 11.5em;
}
/* ajax "matching pagename" searchbox */
#qsearch__out {
  left: 180px
}
 
div.dokuwiki #dw__toc {
  margin: 1.2em 0 0 2em;
  float: right;
  width: 200px; 
  font-size: 100%;
  clear: both;
  background-color: __background__;
} 
 
div#content .dokuwiki code {
  font-size: 1.1em;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  background-color: #eee;
  color: #22f;
  border-radius: 4px;
  direction: ltr;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: pre;
}
 
div#content .dokuwiki pre {
        border-radius: 5px;
	background-color: #faffff !important;
}
 
button.pickerbutton {
  padding: 0px;
  margin: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
  border: 0;
  background-color: transparent;
  font-size: 1.2em;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.pBody {
	font-size: 1.1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
}
 
#bodyContent {
	font-size: 1.1em;
}
 
kbd.__keyboard {
  color: #0000ff;
  background-color: #defede !important;
  text-align: center;
  border-left: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-top: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-right: 3px solid #666666;
  border-bottom: 3px solid #666666;
  -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;
  border-radius: 6px 6px 6px 6px !important;
  padding-left: 3px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  padding-right: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 0px;
  margin-left: 2px;
  margin-right: 2px;
  vertical-align: top;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 1.1em !important;
}
 
div.qq-upload-button {
 border: 1px solid __border__;
}

Dokuwiki Template CSS

Standard settings for font sizes etc. for different elements is here:

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/css/design.less

add any modified tweaks to the CSS to a userstyle.css i.e. /var/www/html/dokuwiki/conf/userstyle.css

font-size etc

pre {
        border-radius: 10px;
        background-color: #fcffff
}
 
 
code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0px;
    }
 
 
.dokuwiki .aside {
    font-size: 90%;
    }
 
 
body {
    font-size: 90%;
 
}
.dokuwiki div.breadcrumbs {
    font-size: 90%;
    }

Dokuwiki Template Tagline

<p style="font-size:12px;background-color:#a5e4fa;">Try to learn <b><i>something</i></b> about everything, and <b><i>everything</i></b> about something <br> <i> -Thomas Huxley “Darwin's bulldog” (1824-1895)</i></p>

Dokuwiki Timezone

I noticed the timestamps on file creation/modification were in UTC
I'd rather have “local time” so I don't have to think too hard
The answer is here → https://www.dokuwiki.org/tips:timezone
I used the first option, after successfully testing the second (editing php.ini)
I created conf/local.protected.php with

<?php
date_default_timezone_set("Europe/London");

I did sudo chown www-data:www-data local.protected.php too, just to be sure
All looks good - pages created/modified while in summer time show the time in BST and pages modified in winter time show the time in GMT

Add DW2PDF

To allow export of pages from Wiki → PDF format install plugin dw2pdf
to enable functionality it was necessary to install php-mbstring package on the VPS
1. ```
sudo apt-get install php-mbstring
```
```
sudo service apache2 restart
```

UPDATE

— John Pumford-Green 26/04/23 10:04

removed dw2pdf plugin, it is largely unused and adds pointless bloat.

Increase maximum file size upload for Media Manager

edit php.ini
1. ```
sudo vi /etc/php/XX/apache2/php.ini
```
2. change upload_max_filesize = 2M to upload_max_filesize = 20M
3. change post_max_size = 2M to post_max_size = 20M
4. ```
sudo service apache2 restart
```

Allow any file-type upload

From https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/3318-allow-upload-of-any-filetype/5

Edit /var/www/html/www/dokuwiki/inc/media.php and comment out :

    // because a temp file was created already
    //if (!preg_match('/\.(' . $regex . ')$/i', $fn)) {
    //    return [$lang['uploadwrong'], -1];
    //}

jpg upload error - XML

Media manage red warnings when uploading jpg image files

Error: Call to undefined function xml_parser_create()

New VPS was missing the php-xml package.

sudo apt install php-xml
sudo service apache2 restart

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/21045-error-call-to-undefined-function-xml-parser-create

Acronyms & Abbreviations

I find the underlining and “explanation” of some abbreviations/acronyms by dokuwiki, when rendering a page, to be annoying.

such as DNS and ACL

The process is described HERE

To disable this I simply copied the default conf/acronyms.conf to a local version conf/acronyms.local.conf and then edited the local version to remove all the explanations.

# Acronyms.

ACL
AFAICS
AFAIK
AFAIR
API
ASAP
ASCII
BTW
CMS
CSS
DNS
EOF
EOL
EOM
EOT
FAQ
FTP
FOSS
FLOSS
FUD
FYI
GB
GHz
GPL
GUI
HTML
IANAL
IE
IIRC
IMHO
IMO
IOW
IRC
IRL
KISS
LAN
LGPL
LOL
MathML
MB
MHz
MSIE
OMG
OS
OSS
OTOH
PITA
RFC
ROTFL
RTFM
spec
TIA
TL;DR
TOC
URI
URL
W3C
WTF?
WYSIWYG
YMMV

This supresses the annoyance.

— John Pumford-Green 30/04/23 13:49

Add folded plugin

make a clickable hide/reveal section with

++++ visible text | hidden text blah blah ++++

e.g.

There is a table here...

Col1	Col2	Col3
one	two	three

def func():
    print "hello world"

Increase TAGCLOUD font size

edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/plugins/cloud/style.less

increase size factor

/* Size factor. */
@sF: 1.2;

force re-fresh of browser to show new font size.

Keyboard Plugin

tweak the size, border and colour

example keys

Ctrl+C

Tweaks

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/plugins/keyboard/all.css

kbd.__keyboard {
  color: #0000ff;
  background-color: #defede !important;
  text-align: center;
  border-left: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-top: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-right: 3px solid #666666;
  border-bottom: 3px solid #666666;
  -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;
  padding-left: 3px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  padding-right: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 0px;
  margin-left: 2px;
  margin-right: 2px;
  vertical-align: top;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 1.2em;
 
}

Dokuwiki Template monospace font

the colour of the mono font is the same as general text and doesn't stand out as well as in other templates.
edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/css/basic.less with a hex code for a better colour
- but see below for a better place to do the configuraiton

code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0;
    }

To prevent upgrades overwriting these changes - add them to /var/www/html/dokuwiki/conf/userstyle.css
pre relates to the blocks of <code> ////// </code>
code relates to monospaced text

pre {
        border-radius: 10px;
         background-color: #fcffff
 
}
 
code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0px;
    }

Remove Dokuwiki template footer buttons

edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/tpl_footer.php

comment out (  ) the license stanza and/or the <div> that contains the “buttons”

<?php
/**
 * Template footer, included in the main and detail files
 */
 
// must be run from within DokuWiki
if (!defined('DOKU_INC')) die();
?>
 
<!-- ********** FOOTER ********** -->
 
 
 
<div id="dokuwiki__footer"><div class="pad">
 
<!--    <?php tpl_license(''); // license text ?> -->
 
<!--    
<div class="buttons">
        <?php
            tpl_license('button', true, false, false); // license button, no wrapper
            $target = ($conf['target']['extern']) ? 'target="'.$conf['target']['extern'].'"' : '';
        ?>
        <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/donate" title="Donate" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-donate.gif" width="80" height="15" alt="Donate" /></a>
        <a href="https://php.net" title="Powered by PHP" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-php.gif" width="80" height="15" alt="Powered by PHP" /></a>
        <a href="//validator.w3.org/check/referer" title="Valid HTML5" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-html5.png" width="80" height="15" alt="Valid HTML5" /></a>
        <a href="//jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer?profile=css3" title="Valid CSS" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-css.png" width="80" height="15" alt="Valid CSS" /></a>
        <a href="https://dokuwiki.org/" title="Driven by DokuWiki" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-dw.png" width="80" height="15"
            alt="Driven by DokuWiki" /></a>
    </div>
-->
 
 
</div></div><!-- /footer -->
 
 
<?php
tpl_includeFile('footer.html');

Bootstrap3 ThemeByNamespace

To force specific bootstrap/bootswatch themes dependant on the namespace

enable ThemeByNamespace option
create a file in <dokuwiki>/conf called bootstrap3.themes.conf
chown www-data:www-data bootstrap3.themes.conf
add the required theme/namespace mapping:

# Namespace  Bootswatch Theme
start                   bootswatch/darkly
public                  bootswatch/darkly
public:calculator       bootswatch/slate
public:journal          bootswatch/journal
private                 bootswatch/flatly
playground              bootswatch/united
private:wire2waves      bootswatch/paper
blog                    bootswatch/yeti

it seems necessary to disable showThemeSwitcher and to select a default theme to be used outside of any listed in the conf file

Alternative

Using the loadskin plugin

it's possible to switch to the default dokuwiki template when on a mobile device and the vector template when on a computer.

The loadskin plugin seems to lead to problems switching between monobook and vector - the navigation sidebar seems to disappear on one or the other. Not sure where the problem is.

Note Plugin

Various Coloured notes:

<note>
This is my note ! Remember it!!
</note>

<note important>
Warning ! You're about to lose your mind ;-)
</note>

<note tip>
The clues are in the images.
</note>

<note warning>
Beware of the cat when you open the door !!
</note>


++++Note in a Folded section|
<note warning>
Ça fonctionne seulement avec le //div// pas le //span//.
</note>
++++

This is my note ! Remember it!!

Warning ! You're about to lose your mind

The clues are in the images.

Beware of the cat when you open the door !!

Note in a Folded section

Monobook Tweaks

PDF Export Tab

The dw2pdf plugin provides a button on many templates to trigger export to PDF but not on monobook. It's possible to add a tab to the top of the page, beside the edit etc. tabs, to do the the pdf export function.

add the following code to to monobook/user/tabs.php

//PDF plugin: export tab
if (file_exists(DOKU_PLUGIN."dw2pdf/action.php") &&
    !plugin_isdisabled("dw2pdf")){
    $_monobook_tabs["tab-export-pdf"]["text"] = "pdf export";
    $_monobook_tabs["tab-export-pdf"]["href"] = wl(getID(), array("do" => "export_pdf"), false, "&");
}

Vector Interwiki Icons

The icon shown on interwiki links almost always appears as a small “lock” rather than the correct icon

commenting out the .link-https section in /vector/static/3rd/vector/main-ltr.css stops this :

div#content a.external,
div#content a[href ^="gopher://"] {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/external-link-ltr-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}
 
/*
div#content a[href ^="https://"],
.link-https {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/lock-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}
*/
 
div#content a[href ^="mailto:"],
.link-mailto {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/mail-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}

Page Updated: 19/04/26 16:02 BST

dokuwiki

Typewriters

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Stationery

Typewriters

I'm just starting ( 23/02/25 16:45 GMT ) to add info about my typewriters
I have been sadly neglecting these machines for a couple of years and now I'm getting them back into more regular use
- I've ordered a couple of new ribbons since they haven't been changed for many years
More information and photos will follow….

Currently owned and used

Imperial 200n
Olympia SM2

Photos

— John Pumford-Green 23/02/25 16:38 GMT

Further Information

AOR AR7030

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

AOR AR7030

1. Faults/repairs/mods

July 2022 - Volume encoder u/s
- Bourns ECW1J-B24-AC0024L available at Farnell at £3.80
- Ordered 4 off 16/7/22
- Replaced vol encoder : July 2022
July 2022 - VFO Tuning encoder u/s
- Only changed freq. over a small portion of a revolution
- Using remote control via LAN to operate until a new encoder is sourced

2. Filters

Currently fitted:

Before change (below)

PCB ref	Description	Model	Bandwidth
X3	AM Narrow	CKK455J	3.9
X4	AM Normal #	CFW455IT	5.6
X5	SSB #	CFJ455K14	2.1
X6	FM #	CFU455G2	9.5
X7	AM Wide #	CFW455HT	6.4
X8	CW Collins	MF300	0.5

# = factory supplied

Standard Fitting

PCB ref	Description	Model	Bandwidth
X3	AM Wide	CFW455HT	6.4
X4	AM Normal	CFW455IT	5.6
X5	SSB	CFJ455K14	2.1
X6	FM	CFU455G2	9.5
X7	Option 1
X8	Option 2

Available to fit:

CW / Data / SSB narrow : CFJ455K8 : 1.4

July 2022

Removed un-needed AM-Wide 6.4kHz from X7 and installed 1.4kHz “CW/Data/SSB Narrow”?

This gives :

PCB ref	Description	Model	Bandwidth
X3	AM Narrow	CKK455J	3.9
X4	AM Normal #	CFW455IT	5.6
X5	SSB #	CFJ455K14	2.1
X6	FM #	CFU455G2	9.5
X7	Data	CFJ455K8	1.4
X8	CW Collins	MF300	0.5

# = factory supplied

In order of Bandwidth

1 : 0.5 CW
2 : 1.4 CW/Data
3 : 2.1 SSB
4 : 3.9 AM-Narrow
5 : 5.5 AM-Normal
6 : 9.5 FM

3. Remote Control

The Python module used in netradio for accessing AR7030.

Generic aor.py

aor.py

import serial
import threading
 
 
#sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sport = "/dev/ttyUSB1"
sbaud = 1200
 
lock = threading.Lock()
fract = float(2 ** 24) / 44545
 
 
class Ar7030(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=10)
        self.model = model
 
 
    def check_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        if result:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
    def set_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = ord(byte) | mask
        return result
 
    def clear_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = ~(1 << bit)
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        return result
 
    def get_ident(self):
        sendStr = '\x5f' + '\x40'
        ident = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
        return ident
 
    def get_pre(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
        p = self.check_bit(byte, 4)
        if p:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
        return
 
 
    def pre_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte :
        # bit0 = filter FS3
        # bit1 = filter FS2
        # bit2 = filter FS1
        # bit3 = filter FS4
        # bit4 = preamp enabled
        # bit5 = atten 0 = 20dB / 1 = 40dB
        # bit6 = input filter 0 = HF / 1 = LF
        # bit7 = attenuator enabled
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 ON = preamp ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 4)
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def pre_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 OFF = preamp OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 4)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def get_att(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        a = self.check_bit(byte, 7)
 
        if a:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
 
    def att_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 ON = ATT ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def att_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 OFF = att OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def set_freq(self, freq):
        fval = freq * fract
        #print fval
        b1 = 48 + int(fval / 1048576)
        fval = fval % 1048576
        b2 = 96 + int(fval / 65536)
        fval = fval % 65536
        b3 = 48 + int(fval / 4096)
        fval = fval % 4096
        b4 = 96 + int(fval / 256)
        fval = fval % 256
        b5 = 48 + int(fval / 16)
        b6 = 96 + int(fval % 16)
 
        f_tuple = ( b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6 )
 
        freqStr = ""
        for byte in f_tuple:
            freqStr += chr(byte)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a' + freqStr + '\x24' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Freq Set"
 
    def get_freq(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a'
 
        freqStr = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 3)
 
        f_val = 0
        for k in freqStr:
            f_val = f_val * 256 + ord(k)
 
        return "%.3f" % round(float(f_val / fract),2 )
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self, mode):
 
        if mode == "lsb":
            set_mode_val = "\x66"
        elif mode == "usb":
            set_mode_val = "\x67"
        elif mode == "am":
            set_mode_val = "\x61"
        elif mode == "cw":
            set_mode_val = "\x65"
        elif mode == "data":
            set_mode_val = "\x64"
        elif mode == "fm":
            set_mode_val = "\x63"
        elif mode == "s-am":
            set_mode_val = "\x62"
        else:
            return "Mode not recognized"
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4d' + set_mode_val + '\x22' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Mode sent"
 
    def get_mode(self):
 
        sendStr = "\x50" + "\x31" + "\x4d"
        m = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        mode = ""
        if m == "\x01":
            mode = "am"
        elif m == "\x02":
            mode = "s-am"
        elif m == "\x03":
            mode = "fm"
        elif m == "\x04":
            mode = "data"
        elif m == "\x05":
            mode = "cw"
        elif m == "\x06":
            mode = "lsb"
        elif m == "\x07":
            mode = "usb"
 
        return mode.upper()
 
 
    def get_s(self):
        sendStr = '\x2e'
        sraw = self.tx_rx(sendStr, True, 0)
 
        return ord(sraw)
 
    def get_cal(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x52' + '\x3f' + '\x44' + '\x11'
        #print "sending getcal"
        cbytes = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
 
        cal = []
 
        for c in cbytes:
            cal.append(ord(c))
 
        return cal
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        s = float(self.get_s())
        cal = self.get_cal()
 
        s1 = s - cal[0]
        s2 = s1 - cal[1]
        s3 = s2 - cal[2]
        s4 = s3 - cal[3]
        s5 = s4 - cal[4]
        s6 = s5 - cal[5]
        s7 = s6 - cal[6]
 
        if s1 <= 0:
            dbm = -123
            adj = s / cal[0] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s2 <= 0:
            dbm = -113
            adj = s1 / cal[1] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s3 <= 0:
            dbm = -103
            adj = s2 / cal[2] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s4 <= 0:
            dbm = -93
            adj = s3 / cal[3] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s5 <= 0:
            dbm = -83
            adj = s4 / cal[4] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s6 <= 0:
            dbm = -73
            adj = s5 / cal[5] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s7 <= 0:
            dbm = -63
            adj = s6 / cal[6] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        else:
            dbm = -43
            adj = s7 / cal[7] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
 
    def tx_rx(self, sendStr, reply, n):
        # apply thread lock
        lock.acquire()
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
 
        if reply:  # for reading S-meter
            result = ""
            while not result:
                result = self.ser.read(1)
            lock.release()
            return result
        else:
 
            result = ""
            byte = ""
            while n != 0:
                self.ser.write('\x71')
                #byte = ""
 
                while not byte:
                    byte = self.ser.read(1)
 
                result += byte
 
                byte = ""
                n -= 1
            lock.release()
            return result

Update July 2022

I've modified the server/client code to create a single-radio AR7030 control program that gives access to IF filter, and reads s-meter etc.

New (July 2022) version of Tkinter GUI with S-Meter graph and IF filter Selection

gui_smeter.py

# # new class-based gui
 
from Tkinter import *
import socket
import threading
import time
 
 
 
class Network(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.sock = self.make_con()
 
    def make_con(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.connect(("192.168.21.107", 9999))
        return self.sock
 
    def connect(self, data):
        try:
            lock.acquire()
            self.sock.sendall(data + "\n")
            self.received = self.sock.recv(2048)
        finally:
            lock.release()
            return self.received
 
class Dash(object):
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
 
        self.s = (n1.sock.getsockname())
        self.p = (n1.sock.getpeername())
 
 
 
        dash_frame = Toplevel(master, borderwidth = 2, relief = GROOVE, bg = 'black')
        dash_frame.title("Server")
        dash_frame.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.handler)
        dash_frame.resizable(0, 0)
        dash_frame.geometry("300x150+10-10")
        dash_frame.grid()
 
        self.utc_time = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.utc_time, fg = 'green', bg = 'black').grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.s, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = " < --- > ", bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 1)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.p, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 2, sticky = E)
 
        self.server_msg_l = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.server_msg_l, fg = 'yellow', bg = 'black').grid(row = 2, column = 0, columnspan = 3, sticky = W)
 
        q_button = Button(dash_frame, text = "Quit", command = lambda: close())
        q_button.grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = E)
 
    def handler(self):
        pass
 
    def up_dash(self):
        self.server_msg = n1.connect("ident")
        self.server_msg_l.set(self.server_msg)
        self.utc_time.set(time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M", time.gmtime(time.time())))
        return
 
class nRadio(object):
    def __init__(self, master, radio):
        self.master = master
 
        self.radio = radio
        self.num = "".join(("r", self.radio))
 
 
        radio_frame = Frame(master, borderwidth=2, relief=GROOVE)
 
        radio_frame.grid()
        self.smeter_list = []
 
        filter_frame = Frame(radio_frame)
        filter_frame.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=3)
 
        mode_frame = Frame(radio_frame)
        mode_frame.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=3, rowspan=2)
 
        control_frame = Frame(radio_frame)
        control_frame.grid(row=5, column=4, columnspan=3)
 
        q_button = Checkbutton(control_frame, text = "Quit", command = lambda: close())
        q_button.grid(row = 1, column = 1, sticky = W)
 
        Label(radio_frame, text="Name", width=10).grid(row=0, column=0)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Freq/kHz", width=10).grid(row=0, column=1)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Mode", width=10).grid(row=0, column=2)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Signal/dBm", width=10).grid(row=0, column=3)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Max/dBm", width=10, fg='red').grid(row=0, column=4)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Ave/dBm", width=10, fg='green').grid(row=0, column=5)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Min/dBm", width=10, fg='blue').grid(row=0, column=6)
 
        self.name_l = StringVar()
        self.l_name = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.name_l, width=10)
        self.l_name.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
 
 
 
        self.freq_l = StringVar()
        self.l_freq = Label(radio_frame, fg='red', textvariable=self.freq_l, width=10)
        self.l_freq.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
 
        self.mode_l = StringVar()
        self.l_mode = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.mode_l, width=10)
        self.l_mode.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=E)
 
        self.filt_l = IntVar()
        self.r_filt_1 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=1, text="0.5", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_1.grid(row=5, column=2)
        self.r_filt_2 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=2, text="1.4", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_2.grid(row=5, column=3)
        self.r_filt_3 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=3, text="2.1", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_3.grid(row=5, column=4)
        self.r_filt_4 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=4, text="3.9", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_4.grid(row=6, column=2)
        self.r_filt_5 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=5, text="5.5", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_5.grid(row=6, column=3)
        self.r_filt_6 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=6, text="9.5", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_6.grid(row=6, column=4)
        #Label(filter_frame, text="Filter", width=10).grid(row=4, column=2, columnspan=3, sticky=NSEW)
 
        #self.l_filt = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.filt_l, width=10)
        #self.l_filt.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=E)
 
 
        #self.e_filt = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        #self.e_filt.grid(row=6, column=0)
        #self.e_filt.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_filt(self.num)))
 
 
        #self.e_mode = StringVar()
        self.b_mode_usb = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "USB",variable=self.mode_l, value="USB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("usb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_usb.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_lsb = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "LSB",variable=self.mode_l, value="LSB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("lsb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_lsb.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_cw = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "CW",variable=self.mode_l, value="CW", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("cw", self.num))
        self.b_mode_cw.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
 
        self.b_mode_am = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "AM",variable=self.mode_l,value = "AM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("am", self.num))
        self.b_mode_am.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_am = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "S-AM",variable=self.mode_l,value = "S-AM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("s-am", self.num))
        self.b_mode_am.grid(row = 1, column = 3)
 
        self.b_mode_data = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "Data",variable=self.mode_l, value="DATA", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("data", self.num))
        self.b_mode_data.grid(row = 1, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_fm = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "FM",variable=self.mode_l, value="FM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("fm", self.num))
        self.b_mode_fm.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
 
        self.b_qsy_up = Button(radio_frame, text = "+1kHz", width = 6, command = lambda: self.qsy_up( self.num))
        self.b_qsy_up.grid(row = 2, column = 2)
 
        self.b_qsy_down = Button(radio_frame, text = "-1kHz", width = 6, command = lambda: self.qsy_down( self.num))
        self.b_qsy_down.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
 
        self.b_update = Button(radio_frame, text = "Get", width = 6, command = lambda:self.get_all())
        #self.b_update.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
 
 
        self.smeter_l = StringVar()
        self.l_smeter = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.smeter_l, width=10)
        self.l_smeter.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.max_var = StringVar()
        self.l_max = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.max_var, width=10)
        self.l_max.grid(row=1, column=4)
 
        self.ave_var = StringVar()
        self.l_average = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.ave_var, width=10)
        self.l_average.grid(row=1, column=5)
 
        self.min_var = StringVar()
        self.l_min = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.min_var, width=10)
        self.l_min.grid(row=1, column=6)
 
        self.e_freq = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_freq.grid(row=2, column=1)
        self.e_freq.focus()
        self.e_freq.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_freq(self.num)))
 
 
 
        self.pre = IntVar()
        self.cb_pre = Checkbutton(control_frame,text="Preamp", variable=self.pre, command=lambda: self.preamp_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_pre.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
 
        self.l_pre = Label(control_frame, text="Preamp")
        #self.l_pre.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=E)
 
        self.att = IntVar()
        self.cb_att = Checkbutton(control_frame,text="Att", variable=self.att, command=lambda: self.att_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_att.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
 
        self.l_att = Label(control_frame, text="Att")
        #self.l_att.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)
 
        self.set_log = IntVar()
        self.cb_log = Checkbutton(control_frame,text = "Log to file...", variable = self.set_log)
        self.cb_log.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = W)
 
        self.l_log = Label(control_frame, width = 10, text = "Log to file...")
        #self.l_log.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky = E)
 
        self.c1 = Canvas(radio_frame, width=260, height=100, bg='black')
        self.c1.grid(row=2, column=3, columnspan=4, rowspan=3)
 
        name = self.get_name(radio)
 
 
    def get_all(self):
 
 
        self.get_freq(self.num)
        self.get_mode(self.num)
        self.get_smeter(self.num)
        self.get_preamp(self.num)
        self.get_atten(self.num)
        self.graph_points()       
        self.avg()
        self.max()
        self.min()
        self.get_filt(self.num)
 
        if self.set_log.get() == 1:
            if int(time.time()) % 10.0 == 0:
                self.write_file()
        return
 
 
    def get_filt(self,radio):
        self.filt = n1.connect("getfil" + " " + radio)
        self.filt_l.set(self.filt)
        return
 
    def set_filt(self,radio):
        self.filt = str(self.filt_l.get())
        self.newfilt = n1.connect("setfil" + " " + self.filt + " " + radio)
        #self.e_filt.delete(0,END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
 
    def get_freq(self, radio):
 
        self.freq = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        self.freq_l.set(self.freq)
        return
 
    def set_freq(self, radio):
        self.freq = str(self.e_freq.get())
        self.newfreq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + self.freq + " " + radio)
        self.e_freq.delete(0, END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def qsy_up(self,radio):
 
        oldf = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        newf = str(float(oldf) + 1)
        freq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def qsy_down(self,radio):
        oldf = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        newf = str(float(oldf) - 1)
        freq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def get_mode(self, radio):
        self.mode = n1.connect("getmode" + " " + radio)
        self.mode_l.set(self.mode)
        return
 
    def set_mode(self, mode, radio):
        #self.mode = str(self.e_mode.get())
        self.newmode = n1.connect("setmode" + " " + mode + " " + radio)
        #self.e_mode.delete(0, END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def get_smeter(self, radio):
        self.smeter = n1.connect("getsmeter" + " " + radio)
        self.smeter_l.set(self.smeter)
        self.smeter_list.append(float(self.smeter))
        if len(self.smeter_list) > 129:
            self.smeter_list.pop(0)
        return
 
    def avg(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        total = 0
        for i in s:
            total += i
        self.av = round((total / len(s)), 1)
        self.ave_var.set(str(self.av))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), fill="green")
        return self.av
 
    def min(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mn = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i < self.mn:
                self.mn = i
        self.min_var.set(str(self.mn))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), fill="blue")
        return self.mn
 
    def max(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mx = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i > self.mx:
                self.mx = i
        self.max_var.set(str(self.mx))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), fill="red")
        return self.mx
 
    def get_preamp(self, radio):
        self.preamp = n1.connect("getpreamp" + " " + radio)
        if self.preamp == "1":
            self.cb_pre.select()
        elif self.preamp == "0":
            self.cb_pre.deselect()
        return
 
    def preamp_onoff(self, radio):
        self.prestate = self.pre.get()
        if self.prestate:
            n1.connect("preampon" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("preampoff" + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def att_onoff(self, radio):
        self.attstate = self.att.get()
        if self.attstate:
            n1.connect("atton" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("attoff" + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
 
    def get_atten(self, radio):
        self.atten = n1.connect("getatt" + " " + radio)
        if self.atten == "1":
            self.cb_att.select()
        elif self.atten == "0":
            self.cb_att.deselect()
        return
 
    def get_name(self, radio):
        print radio
        self.all_names = n1.connect("listradios")
        self.radios = self.all_names.split()
        print self.radios
        self.name = self.radios[int(radio) - 1]
        self.name_l.set(self.name)
        return
 
 
 
    def graph_points(self):
        seq = self.smeter_list
        y_stretch = 1
        y_gap = 5
        x_stretch = 0
        x_width = 2
        x_gap = 2
        height = 100
        self.c1.delete(ALL)
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), fill='white')
        for x, y in enumerate(seq):
            yd = y + 123
            x0 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_gap
            y0 = height - (yd * y_stretch + y_gap)
            x1 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_width + x_gap
            y1 = height - y_gap
            self.c1.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill="yellow")
 
    def write_file(self):
        self.filename = self.name+".txt"
        self.f = open(self.filename, 'a+')
        timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
        log = " ".join((timenow, self.name, self.mode, self.freq, self.smeter, self.preamp, self.atten, "\r\n"))
        self.f.write(log)
        self.f.close()
 
def update():
    #loops = 0
 
    try:
        nRadio1.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio2.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio3.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio4.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    #d1.up_dash()
 
    return
 
def main():
    #loops = 0
    while True:
        try:
            nRadio1.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio2.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio3.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio4.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        #d1.up_dash()
        #loops += 1
        #print threading.currentThread().name, loops
        time.sleep(1)
 
def close():
    n1.connect("quit")
    root.destroy()
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    version = "v0.1"
    lock = threading.Lock()
    root = Tk()
    #w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    #root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h))
    #root.geometry("300x520+0+0")
 
    root.title("AR7030 " + version)
 
    #root.withdraw()
    n1 = Network()
    #radio_count = (n1.connect("count"))
    #radio_count = 3
 
    radio_count = int(n1.connect("count"))
    #if radio_count > 0:
    #    nRadio1 = nRadio(root, "1")
    #if radio_count > 1:
    #    nRadio2 = nRadio(root, "2")
    #if radio_count > 2:
    #    nRadio3 = nRadio(root, "3")
    #if radio_count > 3:
    #    nRadio4 = nRadio(root, "4")
 
    nRadio1 = nRadio(root, "1")    
    #d1 = Dash(root)
 
    #print threading.currentThread().name
    m1 = threading.Thread(target = main)
    m1.setDaemon(True)
    m1.start()
 
    update()
 
    root.mainloop()

New (July 2022) version of aor module, with access to IF filter selection

aor_filter.py

import serial
import threading
 
 
#sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sbaud = 1200
 
lock = threading.Lock()
fract = float(2 ** 24) / 44545
 
 
class Ar7030(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=10)
        self.model = model
        self.filter = self.get_filter()
 
    def check_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        if result:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
    def set_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = ord(byte) | mask
        return result
 
    def clear_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = ~(1 << bit)
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        return result
 
    def get_ident(self):
        sendStr = '\x5f' + '\x40'
        ident = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
        return ident
 
    def get_pre(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
        p = self.check_bit(byte, 4)
        if p:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
        return
 
    def get_filter(self):
        sendStr= '\x50' + '\x33' + '\x44'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
        #print ord(byte)
 
        return ord(byte)
 
    def set_filter(self,filt_no):
        #print "In set_filter with ", filt_no
        try:
            filt_no = int(filt_no)
        except ValueError:
            return "Not a number"
 
        if filt_no > 6:
            return "Out of range"
 
        high = 48 + (filt_no >> 4)
        low = 96 + (filt_no & 15)
 
        sendStr= '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x33' + '\x44' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x23' + '\x80'
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False,0)
 
        #self.get_filter()
 
        return "Command Sent"
 
 
 
    def pre_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte :
        # bit0 = filter FS3
        # bit1 = filter FS2
        # bit2 = filter FS1
        # bit3 = filter FS4
        # bit4 = preamp enabled
        # bit5 = atten 0 = 20dB / 1 = 40dB
        # bit6 = input filter 0 = HF / 1 = LF
        # bit7 = attenuator enabled
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 ON = preamp ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 4)
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def pre_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 OFF = preamp OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 4)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def get_att(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        a = self.check_bit(byte, 7)
 
        if a:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
 
    def att_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 ON = ATT ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def att_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 OFF = att OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def set_freq(self, freq):
        fval = freq * fract
        #print fval
        b1 = 48 + int(fval / 1048576)
        fval = fval % 1048576
        b2 = 96 + int(fval / 65536)
        fval = fval % 65536
        b3 = 48 + int(fval / 4096)
        fval = fval % 4096
        b4 = 96 + int(fval / 256)
        fval = fval % 256
        b5 = 48 + int(fval / 16)
        b6 = 96 + int(fval % 16)
 
        f_tuple = ( b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6 )
 
        freqStr = ""
        for byte in f_tuple:
            freqStr += chr(byte)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a' + freqStr + '\x24' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Freq Set"
 
    def get_freq(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a'
 
        freqStr = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 3)
 
        f_val = 0
        for k in freqStr:
            f_val = f_val * 256 + ord(k)
 
        return "%.3f" % round(float(f_val / fract),2 )
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self, mode):
 
        if mode == "lsb":
            set_mode_val = "\x66"
        elif mode == "usb":
            set_mode_val = "\x67"
        elif mode == "am":
            set_mode_val = "\x61"
        elif mode == "cw":
            set_mode_val = "\x65"
        elif mode == "data":
            set_mode_val = "\x64"
        elif mode == "fm":
            set_mode_val = "\x63"
        elif mode == "s-am":
            set_mode_val = "\x62"
        else:
            return "Mode not recognized"
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4d' + set_mode_val + '\x22' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        self.filter = self.get_filter()
 
        return "Mode sent"
 
    def get_mode(self):
 
        sendStr = "\x50" + "\x31" + "\x4d"
        m = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        mode = ""
        if m == "\x01":
            mode = "am"
        elif m == "\x02":
            mode = "s-am"
        elif m == "\x03":
            mode = "fm"
        elif m == "\x04":
            mode = "data"
        elif m == "\x05":
            mode = "cw"
        elif m == "\x06":
            mode = "lsb"
        elif m == "\x07":
            mode = "usb"
 
        return mode.upper()
 
 
    def get_s(self):
        sendStr = '\x2e'
        sraw = self.tx_rx(sendStr, True, 0)
 
        return ord(sraw)
 
    def get_cal(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x52' + '\x3f' + '\x44' + '\x11'
        #print "sending getcal"
        cbytes = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
 
        cal = []
 
        for c in cbytes:
            cal.append(ord(c))
        #print cal
        return cal
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        s = float(self.get_s())
        cal = self.get_cal()
 
        s1 = s - cal[0]
        s2 = s1 - cal[1]
        s3 = s2 - cal[2]
        s4 = s3 - cal[3]
        s5 = s4 - cal[4]
        s6 = s5 - cal[5]
        s7 = s6 - cal[6]
 
        if s1 <= 0:
            dbm = -123
            adj = s / cal[0] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s2 <= 0:
            dbm = -113
            adj = s1 / cal[1] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s3 <= 0:
            dbm = -103
            adj = s2 / cal[2] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s4 <= 0:
            dbm = -93
            adj = s3 / cal[3] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s5 <= 0:
            dbm = -83
            adj = s4 / cal[4] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s6 <= 0:
            dbm = -73
            adj = s5 / cal[5] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s7 <= 0:
            dbm = -63
            adj = s6 / cal[6] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        else:
            dbm = -43
            adj = s7 / cal[7] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
 
    def tx_rx(self, sendStr, reply, n):
        # apply thread lock
        lock.acquire()
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
 
        if reply:  # for reading S-meter
            result = ""
            while not result:
                result = self.ser.read(1)
            lock.release()
            return result
        else:
 
            result = ""
            byte = ""
            while n != 0:
                self.ser.write('\x71')
                #byte = ""
 
                while not byte:
                    byte = self.ser.read(1)
 
                result += byte
 
                byte = ""
                n -= 1
            lock.release()
            return result

New (July 2022) server with AR7030 filter selection

ar_server_filter.py

#from aor import *
from aor_filter import *
#from icom import *
from conf import *
#from m710 import *
import SocketServer
import time
 
try:
    import readline
except:
    pass
 
lock = threading.Lock()
 
radios = []
 
 
 
#r1 = Icom(n1, a1, cal1)
#radios.append(n1)
 
#r2 = m710(n4)
#radios.append(n4)
 
#r2 = Icom(n2, a2, cal2)
#radios.append(n2)
 
#r3 = Ar7030(n3)
#radios.append(n3)
 
r1 = Ar7030(n3)
radios.append(n3)
 
print radios
#print r1.digi_off()
 
#print r2.remote_on()
 
def count_radios():
    count = len(radios)
    return count
 
 
def list_radios():
    radiolist = ""
    for n in range(0, len(radios)):
        r = radios[n]
        radiolist += (r + " ")
    return radiolist
 
 
def write_file(text):
    filename = 'commandlog.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text))  # make an entry for the log by joining the timestamp with the text passed in
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
def write_con(text):
    filename = 'conlog.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text))  # make an entry for the log by joining the timestamp with the text passed in
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
# The Server
class ThreadedRequestHandler(SocketServer.StreamRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        # we find the current thread for the client connection just set up, to
        # use in the log file
        cur_thread = threading.currentThread()
        # log the new connection details
        write_con("Connect from %s using %s \n" % ((self.client_address[0]), cur_thread.getName()))
        # print to the server's console the new connection IP address/port
        print self.client_address
        # loop to handle client requests....
        while True:
            # using StreamRequestHandler means our input from the client
            # is  "file-like" and can be read with "file-like" commands
            # we read a line at a time, using readline()
            cmd = self.rfile.readline().lower()
            # to keep things clean, we remove any characters that aren't
            # "printable" simple ASCII
            # these are between 32 and 127 in the ASCII table
            # we look at each character, and then make a new word by
            # .join()ing each accepted character with no space in between
            asccmd = "".join(x for x in cmd if ord(x) < 128 and ord(x) > 31)
            # we make a list called "words" holding the received words which
            # will be inspected by various functions
            words = asccmd.split()
            # If a client uses sock.close() itself, to disconnect, it appears that
            # we read a continuous stream of "" on the dead
            # socket, which puts CPU to 100%.
            #
            # The "While" loop is probably responsible, but I can't see another
            # way to keep the connection up for multiple commands.
            #
            # Further connection are accepted due to the Threaded nature of the server.
            # The CPU load is unacceptable though
            # HACK ?>>>>>
            # Looking for "" and then breaking
            # the connection from the server end (even though the client has
            # gone) cures this.
            if cmd == "":
                break
            else:
                pass
            # if the words list is empty, go back and get more input
            if not words:
                continue
            # we have input....
            # filter based on the first word - these are the
            # pre-set commands the server will accept
            # the client wants to know the currently available
            # radio names - held in the variable "rnames"
            elif words[0] == "getnames":
                self.wfile.write(rnames)
            # words[-1] (the last word in the list) will always be the
            # radio name. We give the variable "my_radio" this value, for
            # identifying which radio object to apply the method to
            elif words[0] == "count":
                count = count_radios()
                self.wfile.write(count)
            elif words[0] == "ident":
                ident_text = "GM4SLV Radio Server"
                radio_list = list_radios()
                self.wfile.write(ident_text + "\rAvailable : \n" + radio_list + "\r\n")
 
            elif words[0] == "setfil":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                filt_no = words[1]
                newfilt = my_radio.set_filter(filt_no)
 
                self.wfile.write(newfilt)
            elif words[0] == "getfil":
                my_radio = eval(words[1])
                filt = my_radio.get_filter()
                self.wfile.write(filt)
 
            elif words[0] == "getmode":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                mode = my_radio.get_mode()
                self.wfile.write(mode)
            elif words[0] == "getfreq":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                freq = words[1]
                freq = my_radio.get_freq()
                self.wfile.write(freq)
            elif words[0] == "setmode":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                mode = words[1]
                newmode = my_radio.set_mode(mode)
                self.wfile.write(newmode)
            elif words[0] == "setfreq":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                try:
                    freq = float(words[1])
                    newfreq = my_radio.set_freq(freq)
                    self.wfile.write(newfreq)
                except ValueError:
                    #freq = float(my_radio.get_freq())
                    self.wfile.write("Error in freq. %s No change\r\n" % words[1])
 
            elif words[0] == "getsmeter":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                smeter = round(float(my_radio.get_smeter()), 1)
                self.wfile.write(smeter)
            elif words[0] == "gets":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                s = my_radio.get_s()
                self.wfile.write(s)
            elif words[0] == "listradios":
                radios = list_radios()
                self.wfile.write(radios)
            elif words[0] == "getpreamp":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.get_pre()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preampon":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_on()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preamp2on":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_2_on()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preampoff":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_off()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "getatt":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.get_att()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "atton":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.att_on()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "attoff":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.att_off()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "tune":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                tune = my_radio.tune()
                self.wfile.write(tune)
            elif words[0] == "getpwr":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                pwr = my_radio.get_pwr()
                self.wfile.write(pwr)
            elif words[0] == "setpwr":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                spwr = words[1]
                pwr = my_radio.set_pwr(spwr)
                self.wfile.write(pwr)
            elif words[0] == "quit":
                write_con("Got quit from {}\n".format(self.client_address[0]))  # log it
                self.wfile.write("Goodbye! \r\n")  # say Goodbye
                break
            else:  # nothing in words[0] matches a pre-set command....
                write_file("Received %s\n" % words)  # log it, it's unusual
                self.wfile.write("Command not recognized\r\n")  # inform the client
 
 
class ThreadedIcomServer(SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn, SocketServer.TCPServer):
    pass
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # define the lock to be used on the serial port access
    lock = threading.Lock()
 
    # address ('' = all available interfaces) to listen on, and port number
    address = ('', 9999)
    server = ThreadedIcomServer(address, ThreadedRequestHandler)
    server.allow_reuse_address = True
 
    # define that the server will be threaded, and will serve "forever" ie. not quit after the client disconnects
    t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
    # start the server thread
    t.start()
 
    write_con(
        "Server loop running in thread: %s\n" % "".join(t.getName()))

Documentation

Page Info

Page created Wed May 25 00:04:50 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

tags

radio, ar7030

Yaesu FT-3D

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Yaesu FT-3D

Fusion / FM Dual band handheld

Section One

Documentation

— John Pumford-Green 22/04/23 11:07

Further Information

radio, ft3d, ysf, dv

Icom IC-R75

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Icom IC-R75

Details

Repairs / Mods

-5V DC/DC converter
- various capacitor failures

“Turn Off” fault - due to overheating of 13V regulator
- Cured by
  - Reduce input voltage to 13.8V
  - Improve heatsinking of regulator IC to chassis

Remote Control

connected to shack server via RS232
shack server running Python netradio server.py to give TCP/IP network control

laptop PC running Python netradio client.py to give user access

Available controls:

gm4slv@laptop:~/Python/PythonProjects/netradio $ python2 client.py
There are currently 1 radios connected.
=================================
Status of Radio 1 (IC-R75)

Frequency : 391.000 kHz
Mode: CW
S-Meter: -113.0dBm
1 : 0
=================================

Please choose a radio

There are currently 1 radios connected.
Radio 1 is IC-R75
Choose a radio number from the list : 1

The available commands are:
lr   : List Radios
sr   : Select the Radio to control
gr   : Get currently selected Radio name
gm   : Get Mode
sm   : Set Mode
gf   : Get Freq
sf   : Set Freq
gs   : Get S-meter
gp   : Get Pre-amp
pon  : Set Pre-amp On
poff : Set Pre-amp Off
gatt : Get Attn
aton : Set Attn On
atoff: Set Attn Off
ga   : Get All (status of all radios)
sync : Sync freq/mode on two radios
log  : Setup background logging to file
h    : Help (show this command list)
q    : quit

IC-R75 >

audio via network using PicoPhone
- running on shack laptop via Wine
- running on Windows laptop natively

Remote control is achieved via a SSH connection to shack laptop to run the netradio client.py and the RX audio can be heard via PicoPhone.

Documentation

Kenwood TH-D72

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Kenwood TH-D72

Remote Control

The TH-D72 can be used to remotely control a TM-D710. This allows remote control of VHF Frequency/Memory Channel, TX power, CTCSS/DCS tones and to enable/disable cross-band repeat.

The remote control function uses specific DTMF sequences to instruct the TM-D710.

To enable “Remote Ctrl” mode :

Select the correct UHF uplink frequency to match the TM-D710
Turn off the TH-D72
Hold MR and PTT
Turn on the TH-D72

The display will show “Mobile Ctrl”

The TM-D710 must also be put in Remote Control mode.

On the TM-D710

select VHF mode on both sides
turn off the APRS TNC if it's on
set the left side to the wanted VHF Frequency
set the right side to the UHF Uplink/control frequency to match the TH-D72
- the first steps are done by selecting PM5 on my TM-D710
- make sure the left side/VHF is the “active” side by clicking the left volume knob
turn off
hold Rev button
turn on

The TM-D710 should now be in remote mode.

To restore normal operation repeat the same sequence of

Turn off
Hold Rev
Turn on

Successful commands sent to the TM-D710 will receive a “pip pip pip” revertive.

The commands are send using the TH-D72 keypad, remapped as:

1 = DCS On	2 = Tone On	3 = CTCSS On	A = Enter
4 = DCS Off	5 = Tone Off	6 = CTCSS Off	B = CTCSS/DCS Tone
7 = Call Ch. Mode	8 = VFO Mode	9 = Memory Mode	C = Repeater On
* = Down	0 = Power	# = Up	D = Repeater Off

to change VHF Frequency to 145.500
- 8 (VFO Mode)
- A (Enter) 145500 A (Enter)
to change to memory channel 2
- 9 (Memory Mode)
- A (Enter) 002 A (enter)
To turn on Cross-Band Repeat
- C
To turn off Cross-Band Repeat
- D

Once the TM-D710 is in the correct condition - VHF Frequency, tone, power, cross-band repeat - it's possible to restore the TH-D72 to normal operation and use it to access the cross-band repeater and use DTMF tones as normal (eg. to control another system via the repeater). Just exit “Mobile Ctrl” mode on the TH-D72

Turn off
hold MR and PTT
Turn on

You should be back in normal operation mode.

Obviously, to control the TM-D710 again (eg to disable cross-band repeat) simply go back to Mobile Ctrl mode in the same way, and send the required commands.

Documentation

Page Info

Page created Wed May 25 00:01:26 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

tags

radio, thd72

Kenwood TM-D710

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Kenwood TM-D710

Service Mode to adjust TX Powers

To access Service Mode
- Make 6-pin data plug with pins 3 & 6 connected
- Plug into Data Socket on Main Unit
- Power up while holding Left 2 Function buttons
To set powers, rotate main knob to find “HPWR V” etc.
- Note current settings of all 6 parameters
  - HPWR V 216
  - MPWR V 148
  - LPWR V 137
  - HPWR U 225
  - MPWR U 106
  - LPWR U 83
- Adjust each to achieve required power (Press PTT, Look at Power meter, rotate Main Knob with relevant figure selected…..)
  - New settings (high power set to keep current below 10A)
    - HPWR V 172 → 25W (current 6.5A)
    - MPWR V 148 → 10W
    - LPWR V 137 = 5W
    - HPWR U 133 → 20W
    - MPWR U 102 → 10W
    - LPWR U 83 = 5W
- Power off
- Remove plug
- Power on

Remote Control and Cross-Band Repeat

See TH-D72

Documentation

tm-d710g_all_en.pdf

Page Info

Page created Wed May 25 00:01:05 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

tags

radio, tmd710

Vibroplex Presentation Bug

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 20:49:09 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Vibroplex Presentation Bug

1957 Presentation Model

Bought : ? , eBay
Cost : ?
Serial Number : 198474
Date : 1957
Plate : D6

Features the “La Hiff” adjustable mainspring, which was only used on the original “genuine” Presentation models.

Photos

Details

This was my first bug key and has had to have some work to repair damage to the frame. The tapped holes for the screws that hold the frame to the base were stripped, and the frame couldn't be tightened sufficiently to the base. I found the easiest (although not invisible) way to fix it was to drill through the original holes, all the way, and then tap a new thread (M6) and use longer screws to secure the frame to the base. This has spoiled the key's “original” appearance, but made it actually useable as a bug key, which to my mind is much more important. I'm sure old-time professional bug users would make whatever repairs were necessary to keep their favourite keys in operation, caring little of maintaining “originality”. You can see one of the protruding bolts here:

— John Pumford-Green 20/06/23 05:43

Further Information

radio, bug, cw

Repair and Service 2022

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Damasko DA36

Repair and Service 2022

A mishap leading to having it repaired and a full service at Damasko

The Accident 9/11/22

I dropped my watch!

I dropped it face down, “flat on the crystal” on a tiled floor! I was initially relieved to see, when I picked it up from its landing place, that the crystal had survived. I initially thought I'd been lucky, and it had escaped unscathed.

However the shock of landing had dislodged the layer of luminous paint from the minute-hand. It came off in one single piece, and was free inside the watch, looking like another hand just rattling around inside.

The watch was now 6 years old and was probably due a service, the timekeeping had slowly drifted to around -2 seconds per day and appeared to be getting gradually worse month by month.

I emailed Isabella at Damasko to ask about the possibility of a service and the any repairs necessary, including a new hour-hand. She replied very quickly to say that a Full Service would be €260 and new hands were €25 each. The hand replacement would be done as part of the service (no additional costs beyond the part(s) themselves.

Sending it to Barbing 9/11/22

We aren't in the EU any more. What idiots thought that BREXIT was a good idea??

In the past it was simple, and quick, to send something back to Germany for repair. Not this time.

I used Royal Mail, but this time needed to declare the contents on a Customs form, and hope that the German Customs assessor didn't apply import duty on the way IN to Damasko (and then hope that the UK Customs don't charge me on the way back).

The watch was posted on November 9th 2022 and arrived, after a long delay in German Customs, on December 1st 2022.

Repair go-ahead 5/12/22

I received a full estimate, including return carriage of €100 (Brexit again!), of €385 on 5th December, after the watch had been examined by the Damasko watchmaker. This was for full strip-down, clean, inspect, lubricate, rebuild, test/regulate, water-proof check etc. as well as replacement of the hour-hand. I gave the go-ahead by return email.

Invoice received 19/12/22

The repair was done, some additional parts were needed (second wheel, intermediate wheel and third wheel).

The invoice was received and I arranged payment via PayPal the next morning.

The watch is on its way back via FedEx, on 20th December. Now I have to wait to see what happens on the return trip. What will UK Customs do? How long will it take.

And how will it run?

— John Pumford-Green 22/12/22 06:58

Watch returns... 30/12/22

Against all expectation my DA36 came back before the end of the year. It was delivered on Friday 30th December.

It came in a nice parcel with a Damasko Baseball Cap, Damasko pen, catalogue, Christmas Card and the old parts that were replaced in the service.

It's such a pleasure to have my watch back on my wrist again after over 2 months.

I'll keep track of its timekeeping now. Before the accident it was gradually slowing, and had reached the point of losing 4 seconds/day. It will be interesting to see what the rate is now, following a full service, in which 3 train wheels were replaced. I'll put it on the Timegrapher tomorrow afternoon once it's had 24 hours of normal wear to get fully wound. I'll also start a new “WatchCheck” measurement period to observe the overall daily rate each morning, as usual.

Timegrapher Data

First check on the Timegrapher after 2 days on the wrist.
Initial indications are that it's power and positional variance is improved, rate is a little faster than expected

Pos	Amp	Rate
Dial Up	297	+9
Dial Down	297	+7
6H	294	+6
3H	290	+6
9H	285	+9
12H	293	+6
Ave	(293)	+7.2
D		-2

Further Information

Explorations

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

Explorations

Digging Deeper into Allstar

I've seen a few examples of small networks and am interested in building up a mixed protocol system too.

Some examples that interested me:

Milnet http://milnet.io/ with Allstar connected nodes and a DMR bridge
- Allstar node status http://stats.allstarlink.org/nodeinfo.cgi?node=424611
W2YMM https://w2ymm.home.blog/allstar-howto/ with a group of connected gateways, repeaters and a bridge to DMR etc.
- This one was discovered by accident on Allstar's Portal I mistyped my own original base node ID (pre-NNX) 48148 as 48418 and found his system with lots of information on his blog

Adding more nodes

It's possible to have up to 10 individual Node IDs with a single Allstar node number, by using NNX to add a 6th digit to the base node number…

My Base Number is 48148 and I activated the NNX feature and created 3 nodes

481480
481481
481482

Since they are all behind a NAT firewall, sharing one public IP address the nodes must use different UDP ports. To make this possible I created 2 new Server instances on the Allstar Portal, one per node, and chose the UDP ports :

https://www.allstarlink.org/portal/servers.php

node481480 ⇒ UDP 4569
node481481 ⇒ UDP 4570
node481482 ⇒ UDP 4571

The choice of which server is used per node is chosen on the Node configuration page for each node, on the Allstar Portal

https://www.allstarlink.org/portal/nodes.php

Then I flashed new SD cards for the new nodes using the ASL 2.0.0 Beta 6 image I've used for the initial VHF Gateway node.

https://github.com/AllStarLink/ASL-Live-Build/releases/download/2.0.0-beta.6/asl-2.0.0-beta.6-kc1kcc-20210324-raspberrypi-armhf.img.zip

The config. for the original node had to be changed, to reflect the new node number 481480 versus 48148 which means editing (at least)

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf
/etc/asterisk/iax.conf
/etc/asterisk.extensions.conf

To ensure each internal LAN node can find each other (can't rely on Allstar's DNS) it's necessary to add each one to the [nodes] stanza in each node's config file /etc/asterisk/rpt.conf using the appropriate IP and UDP port depending on which node is being configured.

; from the VHF Gateway node 481480
[nodes]
481480 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/481480,NONE      

481481 = radio@192.168.21.241:4570/481481,NONE  

481482 = radio@192.168.21.242:4571/481482,NONE

I added the DVSwitch bridging to the hub node 481481 which is configured as radioless, I made a local/private node on that machine 1399 for this purpose.

All 3 nodes have supermon and this needed some configuration to make sure the Asterisk Manager ports were available on their external interfaces bindaddr = 0.0.0.0 and not just on the loopback bindaddr = 127.0.0.1

/etc/asterisk/manager.conf ⇒

;
; Asterisk Call Management support
;

; By default asterisk will listen on localhost only.
[general]
enabled = yes
port = 5038
bindaddr = 0.0.0.0

[admin]
secret = YOUR_MANAGER_PASSWORD
read = all,system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config
write = all,system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config

Port Forwarding

My ADSL router has the following port forwards to allow external incoming connections to be set up

UDP 4569 ⇒ 192.168.21.240 for the VHF Gateway / Echolink node
UDP 4570 ⇒ 192.168.21.241 for the DMR Bridge node
UDP 4571 ⇒ 192.168.21.242 for the Test Node
UDP 5198-5199 ⇒ 192.168.21.240 for Echolink client connections
TCP 42110 ⇒ 192.168.21.240 for the VHF Gateway/Echolink node's Dashboard
- http://gm4slv.plus.com:42110
TCP 42111 ⇒ 192.168.21.241 for the DMR Bridge node's Dashboard
- http://gm4slv.plus.com:42111
TCP 42112 ⇒ 192.168.21.242 for the Test node's Dashboard
- http://gm4slv.plus.com:42112

To allow the node numbers to be resolved to useful names tp display on the dashboards the script astdb.php should run nightly to maintain a lookup table.

The image came with several copies of astdb.php in different places, all updating a central data file /var/log/asterisk/astdb.txt. Which was confusing, as they all looked in different places for the file detailing private nodes.

Private Node Names

To allow private node numbers to appear as useful information, rather than not in database you first put the information in a file privatenodes.txt

1399|GM4SLV|Bridge to DMR|TGIF TG2354429
1398|GM4SLV|Bridge to DMR|TGIF TG2354435

and then the astdb.php script pulls it in, with all the other nodes downloaded from the web, but astdb.php must know where to find the privatenodes.txt file.

The easiest way is to run the astdb.php from the directory containing privatenodes.txt

and therefore it's the copy in /var/www/html/supermon/ that is used, since privatenodes.txt resides here too.

To automate the process the update is done nightly via /etc/cron.daily/allstar_helpers which was modified to point to the correct version of astdb.php

#!/bin/bash
 
 
# Get new allmon data daily
/var/www/html/supermon/astdb.php

Semi-automated Private Node descriptions

I've written a small bash script on the gateway node481480.local to make it easier to re-name the internal “private nodes” as they appear listed in Supermon
for this to work it's necessary to arrange public-key authentication on the nodes, with passwordless logins. But that's normal, anyway, no?

#!/bin/bash
 
NODE1=node481480.local
NODE2=node481481.local
NODE3=node481482.local
WEB=/var/www/html/supermon/
 
PRIVATE_NODES=/home/gm4slv/privatenodes.txt
 
 
sudo cp $PRIVATE_NODES $WEB
sudo $WEB/astdb.php
 
 
scp $PRIVATE_NODES gm4slv@$NODE2:
ssh $NODE2 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/privatenodes.txt /var/www/html/supermon/ && /var/www/html/supermon/astdb.php'
 
 
scp $PRIVATE_NODES gm4slv@$NODE3:
ssh $NODE3 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/privatenodes.txt /var/www/html/supermon/ && /var/www/html/supermon/astdb.php'

Just make changes to the privatenodes.txt file in my local directory on the gateway node481480 and then run

gm4slv@node481480:~$ ./update_private.sh
Success: astdb.txt 1422647 bytes
privatenodes.txt                              100%   79    39.0KB/s   00:00
Success: astdb.txt 1422647 bytes
privatenodes.txt                              100%   79    24.9KB/s   00:00
Success: astdb.txt 1422647 bytes

Favourites

to keep the favorites.ini file consistent on all nodes I've written a script that distributes a copy to all nodes
I edit the copy in my home directory on node481480 and run

./update_favorites.sh

#!/bin/bash
# update_favorites.sh
# a script to keep the supermon favorites.ini file synchronized on all nodes
 
NODE1=node481480.local
NODE2=node481481.local
NODE3=node481482.local
WEB=/var/www/html/supermon/
 
FAVORITES=/home/gm4slv/favorites.ini
 
sudo cp $FAVORITES $WEB
 
scp $FAVORITES gm4slv@$NODE2:
ssh $NODE2 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/favorites.ini /var/www/html/supermon/'
 
scp $FAVORITES gm4slv@$NODE3:
ssh $NODE3 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/favorites.ini /var/www/html/supermon/'

Supermon : allmon.ini

The nodes monitored, and the menu to select them, and external websites, on each node's Supermon Dashboard is configured by allmon.ini

Here's the current version:

Generic /var/www/html/supermon/allmon.ini

[All Nodes]
nodes = 481480,481481,481482,1399,1398
menu = yes
system = Nodes
 
[481480]
host = 192.168.21.240:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
system = Nodes
 
[481481]
host = 192.168.21.241:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
system = Nodes
 
[481482]
host = 192.168.21.242:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
system = Nodes
 
[1399]
host = 192.168.21.241:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = yes
system = Nodes
 
[1398]
host = 192.168.21.242:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = yes
system = Nodes
 
[lsNodes 481480]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42110/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=481480"
menu = yes
system = LsNodes
 
[lsNodes 481481]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42111/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=481481"
menu = yes
system = LsNodes
 
[lsNodes 481482]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42112/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=481482"
menu = yes
system = LsNodes
 
[Node 481840]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42110/"
menu = yes
system = Dashboards
 
[Node 481841]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42111/"
menu = yes
system = Dashboards
 
[Node 481842]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42112/"
menu = yes
system = Dashboards
 
[GM4SLV Wiki]
url = "https://gm4slv.org.uk/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=start"
menu = yes
system = External Sites
 
[Echolink Link Status]
url = "https://echolink.org/links.jsp?d=1&gs=IP90gg&sel=gridsq"
menu = yes
system = External Sites
 
[TGIF]
url = "https://tgif.network/"
menu = yes
system = External Sites
 
[AllStarLink]
url = "http://www.allstarlink.org"
menu = yes
system = External Sites

I've also made it easy to distribute the same allmon.ini file to all nodes

#!/bin/bash
# update_allmon.sh
# a script to distribute a common supermon config to all nodes
 
NODE1=node481480.local
NODE2=node481481.local
NODE3=node481482.local
WEB=/var/www/html/supermon/
 
ALLMON=/home/gm4slv/allmon.ini
 
sudo cp $ALLMON $WEB
 
scp $ALLMON gm4slv@$NODE2:
ssh $NODE2 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/allmon.ini /var/www/html/supermon/'
 
scp $ALLMON gm4slv@$NODE3:
ssh $NODE3 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/allmon.ini /var/www/html/supermon/'

Node Callsigns instead of Numbers

To have the telemetry say the callsign of a connected node, instead of its node number, install the script write_node_callsigns_ulaw.sh

I put it in /usr/local/bin/ and run it via root's crontab each day - but via a wrapper script /usr/local/bin/update_names.sh that then deletes the ulaw sound file for my own nodes, as I don't want all of them to be announced as GM4SLV - I'd rather hear the actual node numbers:

#!/bin/bash
 
/usr/local/bin/write_node_callsigns_ulaw.sh
 
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/481480.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/481481.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/1399.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/1398.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/48148.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/481482.ulaw

I forget where I found it, so here's the write_node script itself

write_node_callsigns_ulaw.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
#  Created by Marshall Dias
#  Modified by Doug, WA3DSP 8/18/2015
#
# using ULAW format
#
# Script to write Calls to /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# which will then be used in place of node numbers. This script
# will NOT overwrite exisitng files unless you use the -o option.
# If you want to start clean and delete all nodename files do
#    rm -rf /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/*
# or delete just the files you want to replace.
#
# A single node number can be specified on the command line with
# the -n node -ex. -n 40000
#
# A -v option gives a little more info
 
# See all comments below
 
# Set the source directory to the Allstar database on your system.
# 'locate astdb.php'  This file will exist if you are running any of the
# images from hamvoip.org or you have installed allmon or lsnodes on
# your system. For the BBB and RPi2 it will generally be /var/log/asterisk
 
SRCDIR=/var/log/asterisk
#SRCDIR=/var/www/html/allmon
 
# Set the destination directory.
# Use a tmp directory for testing
# The final destination for Allstar would be
# /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# Use the -d path option to overide
 
DESTDIR=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# Test destination directory - must exist
#DESTDIR=/tmp/nodes
 
# Definitions of sound file directories
 
NODENAMES=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
LETTERS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/letters
NUMBERS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/digits
STRING=""
 
usage()
{
cat << EOF
 
Usage: $0 options
 
Writes voice files of call signs from node numbers
 
OPTIONS:
   -h        Show this message
   -o        Overwrite existings file(s)
   -n node   Specify node number - single write
   -d path   Specify path to output files
             Default: /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
   -v        Verbose
 
Write callsign for node 40000, no overwrite -
 
  $0 -n 40000
 
Write callsign for node 40000, overwrite -
 
  $0 -on 40000
 
Write all callsigns, no overwrite -
 
  $0
 
Write all callsigns, overwrite
 
  $0 -o
 
Write single node to specific directory -
 
  $0 -n 40000 -d /etc/asterisk/local
 
 
EOF
}
 
OVERWRITE=""
VERBOSE=""
 
while getopts "hovn:d:" OPTION
do
     case $OPTION in
         h)
             usage
             exit 1
             ;;
         d)
             DESTDIR=$OPTARG
             ;;
         o)
             OVERWRITE=1
             ;;
         n)
             node=$OPTARG
             ;;
         v)
             VERBOSE=1
             ;;
         ?)
             usage
             exit
             ;;
     esac
done
 
# Form filenames from callsign
make_call ()
{
 STRING=""
 foo=${f2,,}
 for (( i=0; i<${#foo}; i++ )); do
  char=${foo:$i:1}
 
                case ${foo:$i:1} in
                [0-9]*) FILENAME=$NUMBERS/$char.ulaw ;;
                "/") FILENAME=$LETTERS/slash.ulaw ;;
                "-") FILENAME=$LETTERS/dash.ulaw ;;
                [a-z]*|[A-Z]*) FILENAME=$LETTERS/$char.ulaw ;;
                esac
STRING="$STRING $FILENAME"
done
}
 
# Concatenate filenames into final audio file
write_call ()
{
if [ ! $OVERWRITE ]
 then
   if [ -f "$DESTDIR/$f1.ulaw" ]
     then
        echo "$DESTDIR/$f1.ulaw exists - not overwriting"
        return
   fi
fi
echo "Writing $DESTDIR/$f1.ulaw"
cat $STRING > "$DESTDIR/$f1.ulaw"
}
 
# If no node given process all nodes
if [ -z "$node" ]
then
  while IFS='|' read f1 f2 f3 f4
  do
    if [ $VERBOSE ]; then echo "Processing Node Number: $f1 - Callsign: $f2" ; fi
    make_call
    write_call
  done < $SRCDIR/astdb.txt
else
# process just given node
  CALL=`grep -m 1 $node $SRCDIR/astdb.txt`
  if [ -z "$CALL" ]
    then
      echo "No Call found for node - $1"
      exit
    else
      f2=`echo $CALL | awk -F"|" '{print $2}'`
  fi
  f1=$node
  if [ $VERBOSE ]; then echo "Processing Node Number: $node - Callsign: $f2" ; fi
  make_call
  write_call
fi

There's a version that uses GSM coded files which didn't work on my system, as all the numbers and letters are in ulaw format, but for completeness here's the gsm version

write_node_callsigns.sh

# !/bin/bash
#
#  write_node_callsigns.sh v0.8
#
#  Doug, WA3DSP 8/18/2015
#  Portions by Marshall Dias
#
# Script to write Calls to /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# which will then be used in place of node numbers. This script
# will NOT overwrite exisitng files unless you use the -o option.
# If you want to start clean and delete all nodename files do
#    rm -rf /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/*
# or delete just the files you want to replace.
#
# A single node number can be specified on the command line with
# the -n node -ex. -n 40000
#
# A -v option gives a little more info   
#
# v 0.7 - removed level changing as this is accomplished in 
#         global telemetry level parameters. Files should
#         stay at nominal levels.
 
# V 0.8 - added code to ignore semicolon comments.  6/5/2020, WA3DSP
 
# See all comments below
 
# Set the source directory to the Allstar database on your system.
# 'locate astdb.php'  This file will exist if you are running any of the
# images from hamvoip.org or you have installed allmon or lsnodes on
# your system. For the BBB and RPi2 it will generally be /var/log/asterisk
 
SRCDIR=/var/log/asterisk
 
# Set the destination directory. 
# Use a tmp directory for testing
# The final destination for Allstar would be 
# /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# Use the -d path option to overide
 
DESTDIR=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames 
# Test destination directory - must exist
#DESTDIR=/tmp/nodes
 
# Definitions of sound file directories
 
RPTSOUNDS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt
NODENAMES=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
LETTERS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/letters
NUMBERS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/digits
STRING=""
 
 
usage()
{
cat << EOF
 
write_node_callsigns.sh v0.8
Usage: write_node_callsigns.sh options
 
Writes Asterisk Allstar voice files of call signs from node numbers
 
OPTIONS:
 
   -h        Show this message
   -a        Process all nodes
   -i        Include node number with call
   -o        Overwrite existing file(s)
   -n node   Process single node (overrides -a)
   -d path   Specify path to output files
             Default: /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
   -v        Verbose
 
Write callsign for node 40000, no overwrite, all nodes -
    $0 -n 40000
Write callsign for node 40000, overwrite, all nodes -
    $0 -on 40000
Write all callsigns, no overwrite -
    $0 -a
Write all callsigns, overwrite
    $0 -ao
Write single node to specific directory -
    $0 -n 40000 -d /etc/asterisk/local
Write single node including both call and node number, overwrite
    $0 -ion 40000
 
EOF
}
 
OVERWRITE=""
VERBOSE=""
INCNODE=""
VOLUME=""
 
if [ $# -eq 0 ];
then
    usage
    exit 0
fi
 
if [ ! -e $SRCDIR/astdb.txt ]
then
  echo "$SRCDIR/astdb.txt not found - Be sure to point SRCDIR in script to file location."
  exit
fi
 
while getopts "hail:ovn:d:" OPTION
do
     case $OPTION in
         h)
             usage
             exit 1
             ;;
	 a)  ;;
	 d)
	     DESTDIR=$OPTARG
	     ;;
	 i)
	     INCNODE=1
	     ;;
         o)  
	     OVERWRITE=1
             ;;
         n)
             node=$OPTARG
             ;;
         v)
             VERBOSE=1
             ;;
         ?)
             usage
             exit
             ;;
     esac
done
 
# Form filenames from callsign
make_call ()
{
 foo=${1,,}
 for (( i=0; i<${#foo}; i++ )); do
  char=${foo:$i:1}
 
                case ${foo:$i:1} in
                [0-9]*) FILENAME=$NUMBERS/$char.gsm ;;
                "/") FILENAME=$LETTERS/slash.gsm ;;
                "-") FILENAME=$LETTERS/dash.gsm ;;
                [a-z]*|[A-Z]*) FILENAME=$LETTERS/$char.gsm ;;
                esac
STRING="$STRING $FILENAME"
done
}
 
# Concatenate filenames into final audio file
write_call ()
{
if [ ! $OVERWRITE ]
 then
   if [ -f "$DESTDIR/$f1.gsm" ]
     then
        echo "$DESTDIR/$f1.gsm exists - not overwriting"
	return
   fi
fi
 
echo "Writing $DESTDIR/$f1.gsm"
    cat $STRING > $DESTDIR/$f1.gsm
}
 
# If no node given process all nodes
if [ -z "$node" ]
then
  Total=0
  while IFS='|' read f1 f2 f3 f4
  do      
    if [[ $f1 =~ ^\; ]]; then continue ; fi
    if [ -z $f1 ]; then continue ; fi
    if [ $VERBOSE ]; then echo "Processing Node Number: $f1 - Callsign: $f2" ; fi
    ((Total=Total+1))
    STRING=""
    make_call $f2
# Test for including node number 
   if [ $INCNODE ]
    then
     STRING=$STRING" $RPTSOUNDS/node.gsm "
     make_call $f1
    fi
    write_call
  done < $SRCDIR/astdb.txt
  echo -e "\nProcessed $Total Nodes\n"
else
# process just given node (-n node)
  CALL=`grep -m 1 $node $SRCDIR/astdb.txt`
  if [ -z "$CALL" ]
    then
      echo "No Call found for node - $1"
      exit
    else
      f2=`echo $CALL | awk -F"|" '{print $2}'`
  fi
  f1=$node
  if [ $VERBOSE ]; then echo "Processing Node Number: $node - Callsign: $f2" ; fi
  STRING=""
  make_call $f2
# Test for including node number  
  if [ $INCNODE ]
  then
    STRING=$STRING" $RPTSOUNDS/node.gsm "
    make_call $f1
  fi
  write_call
fi

I only have this on the node that's my VHF Gateway 481480

Nodes Created

See : The Nodes

Accessing remotely via IAX

See IAX Remote Access

Morse / Speech IDs

See Over the air ID

Bridges

DMR : DMR Bridging
NXDN : NXDN Bridging

Configs

— John Pumford-Green 05/06/25 22:30 BST

Further Information

radio, allstar, dvswitch, dmr, echolink

IAX Remote Access

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

IAX Remote Access

Experimenting with remote access via IAX

From HamVOIP

iaxrpt-config.pdf

IAX_RPT

Edit /etc/asterisk/iax.conf
- make new stanza for a named remote user and set an obscure password
- looks like:

[NEW_USER_NAME]                           
type = user                           
context = iaxrpt    ; Context to jump to in extensions.conf
auth = md5
secret = NEW_TOP_SECRET_PASSWORD
host = dynamic
disallow = all
allow = ulaw
allow = adpcm
allow = gsm
transfer = no

disable/remove default [iaxrpt] stanza
Edit /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
ensure there's an extension that's pointed to by the context entry in the iax.conf stanza above
- looks like:

; CONTEXT Pointed to from iax.conf
[iaxrpt]                         
exten => ${NODE},1,rpt(${NODE}|X)

Client Applications

Windows

Legacy iaxRpt
- https://hamvoip.org/downloads/setup_iaxrpt_xipar_010146.exe
  - setup_iaxrpt_xipar_010146.zip
configure like this
- port is the node's normal iax UDP port, as set up in Allstar Portal and in iax.conf

also set your callsign as Name and 0 (zero) as Number in Options → Preferences → CallerID

Android

DVSwitch Mobile app

iax.conf

[USERNAME FOR DVSWITCH] ;;; The stanza is the "Username" from IAXRpt
type=friend
context=android-iaxrpt
host=dynamic
auth=md5
secret=SUPER_SECRET_PASSWORD ;;; The "Password" from IAXRpt
disallow=all
allow=ulaw
transfer=no
calltokenoptional=0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
requirecalltoken=no

extensions.conf

[android-iaxrpt] ;;; Stanza is the context from iax.conf
exten => 481480,1,Answer ;;; The "Node" from IAXRpt is 1998
exten => 481480,n,Playback,rpt/node
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/4
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/8
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/1
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/4
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/8
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/0
exten => 481480,n,Set(CALLERID(num)=0)
exten => 481480,n,Rpt,481480|P|${CALLERID(name)} ;;; The "CallerID" from IAXRpt

— John Pumford-Green 07/06/25 17:07 BST

Further Information

radio, allstar, iax rpt

Antenna Changes

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 09:04:47 +0000

Antenna Changes

Now that I'm turning my attention back to QRP I decided that the antenna I've used for many years - an Inverted-L held up by (over the years) different supports, and currently a 10m SOTA-pole with the top few sections removed - tuned against a mess of radials and ground rods by a CG-3000 Auto-ATU - was due for a change.

The Auto-ATU needs “a few watts” to trigger a re-tune on a new frequency. Occasionally it'll work with 5W but not consistently, and certainly won't re-tune at anything lower than 5W. This means occasionally having to give it a carrier from a QRO radio to re-tune before switching to a QRP radio.

Not cool!

I'd considered a trapped inverted-L configuration, with traps for each band at the 1/4 wave points. But in a rare 60m SSB QSO with Stuart GM4WMM he told me he's using a multiband trapped End-Fed-Half-Wave. Fed via a 49:1 transformer, with the traps at the 1/2 wave points.

This removes the need for a good, low impedance ground connection and simplifies things. It also means “more wire” in the air for each band.

First Step - EFHW for 30m

I removed the Auto-ATU and put my nanoVNA on the current antenna/ground feed point to see what I've got now (a totally random length). The first resonance/low SWR is around 3.2MHz. That means a 1/4 wave at 3.2MHz or around 23m. I can perhaps squeeze a little more wire into the space but I'll accept that the new antenna overall length will be limited to “around 23m”.

Next I wound a 49:1 transformer on a FT50-43 toroid (the largest type-43 toroid I could find), and added the usual 100pF capacitor across the 50 ohm input.

Connecting this to the antenna - and also adding a connection to the existing ground system, mostly for consistency, and some static drain etc, I found a very good resonant return loss dip at around 6MHz. And another at 12MHz and another at 18MHz. As it stands I could use it as a 3 x 1/2 wave on 17m….

My main band is 30m. So the next step, to allow me to use 30m while I build the traps, was to shorten it to 1/2 wave resonance on 10.1MHz.

I now have a resonant “End Fed Half Wave” for 30m.

No need for an ATU (auto or manual).

Next step - trapped EFHW for 2 bands - 30m & 40m

I made a trap for 10.1MHz and added it to the end of the current antenna, then added wire to make a dual-band 30m / 40m antenna. That should cover my normal CW operations for a while.

I found that adding the trap and additional 40m section caused the the 30m resonance to move up about 200kHz, so I had to add about 12“ of wire to the first part of the antenna to bring it back down into band. Otherwise it was a simple to add the trap, add the extra wire, trim the far end to bring the 40m resonance into band.

I'm thinking of also trying to get 60m, but a 1/2 wave on 60m is around 30m and won't fit in the space - UNLESS the loading effect of the 30m and 40m traps, below their resonance, will add enough inductance shorten the required wire length sufficiently.

I need to re-make the 49:1 transformer with a larger toroid. Some calculations would imply that a 50-size core isn't suitable for 5W. So far I've not seen any evidence of problems (I'm assuming overheating would lead to a loss of correct transformer action, and loss of the impedance transformation - and hence high SWR. This hasn't been seen yet on CW at 5W or on WSPR at 1W, so perhaps it'll survive long enough for me to replace it with a 140-size toroid, once I buy a few….

radio, antenna, qrp

QRSS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 08 Jul 2026 16:22:31 +0000

QRSS

I've been running my QMX on WSPR, using its DigiMode and the USB interface to a laptop running WSJT-X, when I'm not using for real QSOs.

But I got to thinking “is that all there is?”

I've seen almost continuous QRSS signals on the WSJT-X waterfall on 30m while running WPSR, and I remembered running a grabber on 600m/500kHz back in the early days of access to that band, and I wondered what activity there still was using QRSS. So I looked around the 'net and found that the “QRSS Knights” group are still going and I wondered about joining it. It would give a more human interaction and more human use of the “down time” - I could still monitor propagation, but not using the computer to do everything… you still need to actively look at the waterfall and read the morse code from the noisy trace on the screen.

I've joined the Knights QRSS on groups.io https://groups.io/g/qrssknights and last night I set about getting a grabber up and running.

I settled on good old Spectrum Lab which I know has always worked well under Wine on Linux. After a bit of fiddling I got a working setup to display the “QRSS Watering Hole” on 30m, my band of interest, and then fiddled with some bash scripts to automate the “grab and upload” function to send images to my website. https://g4slv.info/

On this image from 10:20UTC today there are several QRSS signals….

From the top:

S52AB
G0PKT
M0BMN
G0MBA
G4JQT
IK2JET

I tried sending some QRSS at 1W this morning for an hour or so, but only saw the faintest of traces on the grabber of Fabian (DJ5CW) on his Polish-sited Grabber SO5CW which might have been me.

Once again, it seems that my quiet location is better for receive than transmit.

My grabber is now included on the grabber list at https://swharden.com/qrss/plus/ so let's see what appears on my screen.

I'll put some details of the simple bash scripts that do the uploads on the main wiki Radio pages, and add more info about QRSS there, when I get a chance.

Update

I ran on TX again in the afternoon and Fabian DJ5CW/ SO5CW confirmed reception in Poland!

The “L” really pops out at one point!

radio, qrss, qrp, qmx, knightsqrss

DM15L Startup Keys & Serial Console

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 24 Jan 2026 08:10:32 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM15L Startup Keys & Serial Console

Start Keys

The DM15L has a few options which are set by holding certain keys at power on
In the Update from V33 onwards these settings can also be modified directly via the “Setup Menu”
- press fON then the key for the function as below….

Key	Function description
A	Display time/date for 5 minutes
B	Benchmark. Evaluate speed compared to original calculator
C	Switch to serial console
D	Start Bootloader
E	System info. Firmware version, battery voltage, CPU frequency, etc.
CHS	Change LCD contrast.¹⁾
EEX	Reset LCD contrast to default values.
STO	Adjust RTC: decrement -1h
RCL	Adjust RTC: increment +1h
7	Cycle through available fonts
1	One Line Display
2	Two Line Display
9	Configure CPU speed. Toggle between 12MHz and 48MHz
÷	Keyboard self test
⨯	Self test
−	Power reset
+	Endless test
.	Toggle decimal delimiter
SST	Time/date adjustment.²⁾
GTO	Toggle annunciator position

Serial Console

Settings

Speed : 38400
Data bits : 8
Stop bits : 1
Parity : None
Flow control : XON/XOFF (or none)

Commands

 
VOYAGER >> ?
Firmware DM15_M80_V32

?          Help
p          Key press
s          Dump memory
l          Load memory
ct         Console timeout
bootloader Invoke Bootloader
t          Get time
ts         Set time
td         Update time
kb         Toggle keyboard output to console
d          Toggle display output to console
b          Read battery voltage

Type '<command> ?' for params
VOYAGER >>

The calculator can be programmed using the dumps, via the Serial Console, by copy & paste of the text of dump using the Serial Console command l

An example session

Memory dump captured by Copy & Paste from the console session above.

DM15_M1B
00  03000007146000  03999994641000  03999994641000  00000000000000
04  49828382834000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002005999eae
08  00000000000000  39fa0ffffaea8f  dba083fce4bf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  05000000000000
14  f0000000000089  20323232323232  000000000001f2  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  05313010235001
1c  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  01844692622004
f0  00000000000000  00000000000000  000000000000b2  fdfbf132faf142
f4  ccfdf0f20cb2c3  fcf0f2bcfdfaf1  32fbf1420bb233  44fcc3f0f2bcfd
f8  faf133fbf143fd  a2cff182cff142  cafd0ab21282df  f1cafdf5c0f3fc
fc  31fd30fb31fc30  310241f5f4f3c0  f240f6c6f4f3f2  f1f0c0f142f00e
A: 49828382834000  B: 49828382834eae  C: 00002005999eae
S: 00000000001000
M: 01844692622004  N: 99828382834004  G: 06

This dump pasted into the Swiss Micro decoder

The decoded dump, showing the actual program commands

001  LBL E        | 42,21,15
002  0            |        0
003  STO 2        |    44  2
004  1            |        1
005  .            |       48
006  0            |        0
007  1            |        1
008  2            |        2
009  3            |        3
010  4            |        4
011  EEX          |       26
012  6            |        6
013  STO 0        |    44  0
014  2            |        2
015  .            |       48
016  3            |        3
017  4            |        4
018  5            |        5
019  STO 1        |    44  1
020  LBL 2        | 42,21, 2
021  RCL 1        |    45  1
022  RCL 0        |    45  0
023  *            |       20
024  RCL 1        |    45  1
025  -            |       30
026  RCL 0        |    45  0
027  /            |       10
028  RCL 1        |    45  1
029  *            |       20
030  3            |        3
031  .            |       48
032  5            |        5
033  /            |       10
034  sqrt         |       11
035  1            |        1
036  STO+2        | 44,40, 2
037  GTO 2        |    22  2
038  RTN          |   43  32
039  LBL A        | 42,21,11
040  /            |       10
041  sqrt         |       11
042  STO 2        |    44  2
043  1            |        1
044  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
045  1            |        1
046  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
047  /            |       10
048  STO 3        |    44  3
049  1            |        1
050  -            |       30
051  RCL 3        |    45  3
052  1            |        1
053  +            |       40
054  /            |       10
055  LOG          |   43  13
056  2            |        2
057  0            |        0
058  CHS          |       16
059  *            |       20
060  STO 4        |    44  4
061  RCL 3        |    45  3
062  RTN          |   43  32
063  LBL B        | 42,21,12
064  STO 2        |    44  2
065  1            |        1
066  -            |       30
067  RCL 2        |    45  2
068  1            |        1
069  +            |       40
070  /            |       10
071  LOG          |   43  13
072  2            |        2
073  0            |        0
074  *            |       20
075  CHS          |       16
076  RTN          |   43  32
077  LBL C        | 42,21,13
078  2            |        2
079  0            |        0
080  /            |       10
081  10^x         |       13
082  STO 2        |    44  2
083  1            |        1
084  +            |       40
085  RCL 2        |    45  2
086  1            |        1
087  -            |       30
088  /            |       10
089  RTN          |   43  32

Page created Thu May 26 17:41:19 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 24/01/26 08:10 GMT

calculator, dm15l

¹⁾

LCD Setting : Param1: up +, down −, Param2: up Σ+, down 3

²⁾

Date Adjustment Usage: Up +, Down −, Next ⨯, Prev ÷, ENTER to Set, ON to Cancel

DM41X Ladybug Module

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 14:35:58 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X Ladybug Module

Another HP16 emulation

Ladybug Key Overlay

Details

Ladybug is a more user-friendly, if less versatile, “HP16C programmer's calculator” module than the fully-featured HP16 module by Angel Martin. Both have their uses, but for a simple calculator for bit-banging while writing 6502 assembly code Ladybug does everything, with a less convoluted User Interface.

Although I also have a DM16L, the Swiss Micros modern clone of the original HP16C, I am finding that having Ladybug on the DM41X allows me to quickly switch between “normal” floating point calculations and integer “programming” calculations, and have access to the best of both worlds.

The DM16L/HP16C has very limited (basically unusable) floating point support.

The Ladybug module is more intuitive and usable than the Angel Martin HP16 emulator module and having Ladybug for INTEGER and the rest of the DM41X/HP41CX functionality for other tasks makes the DM41X my go-to calculator. The DM16L is fantastic as a single-minded programmer's calculator, and is used extensively when I'm engrossed in writing assembly code, but the DM41X is much more versatile and is carried with me at all times when I'm away from the workbench.

Launching

modules needed:
- Ladybug
- Boost
- OS/4

To switch to “Ladybug Integer” mode : XEQALPHAINTEGERALPHA

To leave (and return to normal mode) : XEQALPHAEXITAPPALPHA

Using the DM41X CST menu simplifies this, set 2 Custom menu entries for INTEGER and EXITAPP

Nice features

A “CMP” function akin to 6502 - sets flags in the same way but doesn't change the register(s)
Status Flags : C, Z, N and V equivalent to 6502 flags and set in the same way after various operations.
- Flag 0 = Zero Z
- Flag 1 = Sign N
- Flag 3 = Carry C
- Flag 4 = Overflow V
2's-complement mode is set with Flag 2
Leading Zeros display is set with Flag 5

Word Size is set with Shift+R/S
Windowing is selected with .
Bits can be set Shift+4, reset Shift+5 and tested Shift+6

Boolean Operations on values in X and Y registers
- AND Shift+1
- OR Shift+2
- XOR Shift+3

NOT Shift+CHS (invert each bit, on the value in the X register)

Shift and Rotate functions are conveniently accessible - see Overlay picture above - without delving into menus or launchers

— John Pumford-Green 23/09/22 13:40

Further Information

See DM41X Hits & Tips for idea on Module Switching

calculator, dm41x

HP-35s Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 16:28:57 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

HP-35s Info

Purchase Information

HP35s #1

Date : December 2020
From : Amazon
Price : £46
Serial : PHA9150B2C
New Batteries
- Jan 2022
- Mar 2024

HP35s #2

Date : December 2020
From : Calculators Direct
Price : £46
Serial : PHA9150KFF
New Batteries
- Jan 2022
- Feb 2024
- Jan 2026

The HP35s

I have two of these - one for the workshop/shed and one for general use. I try to keep them programmed with the same functions mostly.

The HP35s is a useful RPN programmable scientific calculator, with a few annoyances, but I'm glad I've got a couple lying around to play with. Of course it's not possible to interface a computer with the HP35s, so I have no electronic records of my programs. I write everything down in a notebook, in case I need to re-enter it later, but sharing it online isn't quite as straightforward as with the SwissMicros calculators.

HP35S Program Listings

See HP35s Progs

HP-35s User's Guide

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org

HP-35s User's Guide : https://literature.hpcalc.org/official/hp35s-ug-en.pdf

calculator, hp35s

Code & Command Snippets

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 20:03:26 +0000

←Archive

Code & Command Snippets

Windows WiFi Disconnect

Windows will disconnect a WIFI connection when it discovers there's no WAN internet - presumably Windows thinks ALL networks are connected to the Internet and this prevents using WIFI for an isolated LAN, and also throws you off the WLAN whenever the ADSL connection fails, even when you're busy using only internal LAN sessions.

THIS IS WRONG BEHAVIOUR.

I found a solution, and typically it's a REGEDIT task:

From : https://superuser.com/questions/1650052/how-to-keep-windows-10-connected-to-wifi-without-internet

Add a Registry DWORD “NoActiveProbe” value “1” at Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\NetworkConnectivityStatusIndicator

Job Done. You stay on your LAN even when the interwebs is down.

Chrome redirects

To remove a “permanent redirect” - e.g. from an http to an https URL - I found the answer here:

https://www.neilwithdata.com/chrome-redirect-forget

Open the Chrome Developer Tools (F12)
Go to the Network tab and make sure Disable cache is ticked
Reload (or navigate to) the page you no longer want to be redirected while keeping the dev tools open.

— John Pumford-Green 27/04/23 06:12

Vim Pasting

I recently had problems pasting text into Vim by the traditional RIGHT click method. Vim would enter Insert(VISUAL) mode instead.

One solution when using Putty is to use its own mechanism :

SHIFT+INS

I prefer to use RIGHT click, as it's more natural so I found the solution is to add

set mouse-=a

to ~/.vimrc

This solves the problem, and I don't need to use nano when editing text files on my remote server via SSH using Putty.

Raspberry Pi Stuff

find Raspberry Pi Model : cat /sys/firmware/devicetree/base/model
mount a raspberry pi image

gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo losetup -Pf igate.img
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ lsblk
NAME      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0       7:0    0   4.3G  0 loop
├─loop0p1 259:0    0   256M  0 part
└─loop0p2 259:1    0     4G  0 part
sda         8:0    0 298.1G  0 disk
├─sda1      8:1    0 235.1G  0 part /
├─sda2      8:2    0     1K  0 part
├─sda3      8:3    0  50.9G  0 part
└─sda5      8:5    0  12.1G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0        11:0    1  1024M  0 rom
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo mount /dev/loop0p2 /mnt

remove mounted image

gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo umount /mnt
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo losetup -D

Git

Basic Workflow

do all changes to code
git add . to add changed files to staging
git commit -m “commit message” to do the commit
git push to push new commits to github

Windows Host File

Start → Windows Accessories → Notepad → <right click> … more…Run as Administrator
edit C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts (set All files rather than txt to be able to see the hosts file in the file chooser)
Save

Auto SSH Tunnels

Used on remote installations to create persistent SSH reverse tunnels.

An example

svxlink hotspot

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 14:00:21 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 21:03 BST

linux, pi

Make It Tea

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

Overview of LF15C

Installing LF15C

DM15L running V32 or earlier (Linux)

DM15L running V33 or later (Linux)

For installation using Windows

Files

Download from here

Download from HP Forum & Swiss Micros

LF15C General Info

HP15C functions

HP15C features not supported

DM15L features not supported

Speed tests

n-Queens

Savage

Using LF15C

Complex Numbers

Making & manipulating a complex number

Rectangular and Polar modes for complex numbers

Arithmetic can be done in Rectangular or Polar mode.

Other features

Indirect addressing

Indirect Register pair I & (i)

Indirect Program Label addressing

Indirect Program Line Number Addressing

And the rest

LF15C Serial Port Info

LF15C Firmware Files

Further Information

Bloods

Bloods

Further Information

DM41X Info

DM41X Info

Purchase Information

Firmware

RTC Correction

Update 28/5/22

Update January 2026

Notes

Complex Numbers

HP16C Emulator module

Guides

Swiss Micros Info

Issues

41Z Deluxe Module

Module files that work (for me)

Update September 2024

DM41X Program Listings

HP-41CX Owner's Manuals

Diaries

Diaries

I keep a diary

My general process

Things I track

My motivation?

Indexing

Influences

Alan Bennet

Simon Garfield

The Great Diary Project

The American Diary Project

Anne Lister

John Gadd

My Diaries

Some pics:

More Pics

Further Reading

On Indexing

General

DM42 Info

DM42 Info

Purchase Information

Firmware

3rd party Firmware

RTC Correction

2022