Make It Tea

MB7AZE SvxLink Config

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←SVXLink

MB7AZE is now QRT and the NoV has expired.

The following is for historical interest only….

MB7AZE SvxLink Config

Main config file

svxlink.conf

svxlink.conf

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
#                Configuration file for the SvxLink server                    #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
[GLOBAL]
#MODULE_PATH=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/svxlink
LOGICS=SimplexLogic,ReflectorLogic
CFG_DIR=svxlink.d
TIMESTAMP_FORMAT="%c"
CARD_SAMPLE_RATE=48000
#CARD_CHANNELS=1
LOCATION_INFO=LocationInfo
LINKS=LinkToReflector
 
[SimplexLogic]
TYPE=Simplex
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleParrot
CALLSIGN=MB7AZE
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=15
SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE=1
SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE=0
LONG_VOICE_ID_ENABLE=1
CW_AMP=-20
CW_PITCH=1000
CW_WPM=20
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
#REPORT_CTCSS=77.0
TX_CTCSS=ALWAYS
MACROS=Macros
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
ONLINE_CMD=998877
#MUTE_RX_ON_TX=1
#MUTE_TX_ON_RX=1
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/simplex_dtmf_ctrl
TIME_FORMAT=24
RGR_SOUND_ALWAYS=1
 
[RepeaterLogic]
TYPE=Repeater
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleParrot,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleTclVoiceMail
CALLSIGN=MYCALL
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=10
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
REPORT_CTCSS=136.5
#TX_CTCSS=SQL_OPEN
MACROS=Macros
#SEL5_MACRO_RANGE=03400,03499
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
#NO_REPEAT=1
IDLE_TIMEOUT=30
OPEN_ON_1750=1000
#OPEN_ON_CTCSS=136:2000
#OPEN_ON_DTMF=*
#OPEN_ON_SQL=5000
#OPEN_ON_SEL5=01234
#OPEN_SQL_FLANK=OPEN
#OPEN_ON_SQL_AFTER_RPT_CLOSE=10
IDLE_SOUND_INTERVAL=3000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MIN_TIME=1000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MAX_COUNT=10
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#IDENT_NAG_TIMEOUT=15
#IDENT_NAG_MIN_TIME=2000
#ONLINE_CMD=998877
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/repeater_dtmf_ctrl
 
[ReflectorLogic]
TYPE=Reflector
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
HOSTS="put the right server address in here"
HOST_PORT=5300
CALLSIGN=MB7AZE
AUTH_KEY="put the right password in here"
JITTER_BUFFER_DELAY=0
DEFAULT_TG=0
MONITOR_TGS=8,91,235,2350,2351,23520,23590,23561
TG_SELECT_TIMEOUT=60
ANNOUNCE_REMOTE_MIN_INTERVAL=300
MUTE_FIRST_TX_LOC=0
MUTE_FIRST_TX_REM=0
TMP_MONITOR_TIMEOUT=3600
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
NODE_INFO_FILE=/usr/local/etc/svxlink/node_info.json
 
[LinkToReflector]
CONNECT_LOGICS=SimplexLogic:9:,ReflectorLogic
DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
#TIMEOUT=300
#AUTOACTIVATE_ON_SQL=RepeaterLogic
OPTIONS=DEFAULT_CONNECT,NO_DISCONNECT
 
[QsoRecorder]
REC_DIR=/var/spool/svxlink/qso_recorder
#MIN_TIME=1000
MAX_TIME=3600
SOFT_TIME=300
MAX_DIRSIZE=1024
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
#TIMEOUT=300
#QSO_TIMEOUT=300
#ENCODER_CMD=/usr/bin/oggenc -Q \"%f\" && rm \"%f\"
 
[Voter]
TYPE=Voter
RECEIVERS=Rx1,Rx2,Rx3
VOTING_DELAY=200
BUFFER_LENGTH=0
#REVOTE_INTERVAL=1000
#HYSTERESIS=50
#SQL_CLOSE_REVOTE_DELAY=500
#RX_SWITCH_DELAY=500
#COMMAND_PTY=/dev/shm/voter_ctrl
 
[MultiTx]
TYPE=Multi
TRANSMITTERS=Tx1,Tx2,Tx3
 
[NetRx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.rx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[NetTx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.tx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[Rx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
SQL_DET=CTCSS
SQL_START_DELAY=0
SQL_DELAY=0
SQL_HANGTIME=200
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME=1000
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME_THRESH=15
#SQL_TIMEOUT=600
VOX_FILTER_DEPTH=20
VOX_THRESH=1000
#CTCSS_MODE=2
CTCSS_FQ=77.0
#CTCSS_SNR_OFFSET=0
#CTCSS_OPEN_THRESH=15
#CTCSS_CLOSE_THRESH=9
#CTCSS_BPF_LOW=60
#CTCSS_BPF_HIGH=270
#SERIAL_PORT=/dev/ttyUSB0
#SERIAL_PIN=CTS
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=
#EVDEV_DEVNAME=/dev/input/by-id/usb-SYNIC_SYNIC_Wireless_Audio-event-if03
#EVDEV_OPEN=1,163,1
#EVDEV_CLOSE=1,163,0
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#GPIO_SQL_PIN=gpio25
#PTY_PATH=/tmp/rx1_sql
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_SQL_PIN=!VOL_DN
#SIGLEV_DET=NOISE
SIGLEV_SLOPE=1
SIGLEV_OFFSET=0
#SIGLEV_BOGUS_THRESH=120
#TONE_SIGLEV_MAP=100,84,60,50,37,32,28,23,19,8
SIGLEV_OPEN_THRESH=30
SIGLEV_CLOSE_THRESH=10
DEEMPHASIS=1
#SQL_TAIL_ELIM=300
PREAMP=-0.5
#PEAK_METER=1
DTMF_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
DTMF_MUTING=1
DTMF_HANGTIME=40
DTMF_SERIAL=/dev/ttyS0
#DTMF_PTY=/tmp/rx1_dtmf
#DTMF_MAX_FWD_TWIST=8
#DTMF_MAX_REV_TWIST=4
#1750_MUTING=1
#SEL5_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
#SEL5_TYPE=ZVEI1
#FQ=433475000
#MODULATION=FM
#WBRX=WbRx1
 
[WbRx1]
#TYPE=RtlUsb
#DEV_MATCH=0
#HOST=localhost
#PORT=1234
#CENTER_FQ=435075000
#FQ_CORR=0
#GAIN=0
#PEAK_METER=1
#SAMPLE_RATE=960000
 
[Tx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
PTT_TYPE=Hidraw
#PTT_PORT=/dev/ttyS0
#PTT_PIN=HIDRAW
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_PTT_PIN=GPIO3
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=DTR!RTS
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#PTT_HANGTIME=1000
TIMEOUT=300
TX_DELAY=500
CTCSS_FQ=77.0
CTCSS_LEVEL=20
PREEMPHASIS=1
DTMF_TONE_LENGTH=100
DTMF_TONE_SPACING=50
DTMF_DIGIT_PWR=-15
MASTER_GAIN=-3.5
 
[LocationInfo]
APRS_SERVER_LIST=euro.aprs2.net:14580
STATUS_SERVER_LIST=aprs.echolink.org:5199
LON_POSITION=1.25.30W
LAT_POSITION=60.17.18N
CALLSIGN=EL-MB7AZE
FREQUENCY=430.050
TX_POWER=1
ANTENNA_GAIN=0
ANTENNA_HEIGHT=1m
ANTENNA_DIR=-1
#PATH=WIDE1-1
BEACON_INTERVAL=60
TONE=77
COMMENT=Connected to UK Svx Reflector
 
[Macros]
1=EchoLink:9999#
2=EchoLink:973498#
3=EchoLink:662666#
4=:91235#
5=:9123561#
9=:910#

Audio levels

Devcal

Use the devcal program to set RX and TX audio levels.

This allows adjustment of alsamixer settings and then for fine tuning adjustment of PRE-AMP (for RX) and MASTER GAIN (for TX) config options to set the correct audio level INPUT on RX and deviation on TX.

Once the correct PRE-AMP or MASTER GAIN values have been determined in DEVCAL they are added to the relevant sections in svxlink.conf

To use DEVCAL first sudo killall svxlink

For Receive audio input:

sudo devcal -r -m=3000 -d=3000 /usr/local/etc/svxlink/svxlink.conf Rx1

Inject a signal to the radio @ ±3kHz deviation Adjust audio input level via

radio volume control
alsamixer Mic Capture level
devcal +/- to adjust PRE-AMP setting

until the displayed deviation agrees with the input signal's deviation.

Quit devcal

Transfer the displayed PRE-AMP value to the conf file.

For Transmit audio output

Monitor TX deviation

sudo devcal -t -m=3000 -d=3000 /usr/local/etc/svxlink/svxlink.conf Tx1

Toggle TX with T

Adjust

Alsamixer output
devcal +/-

to achieve ±3kHz TX deviation.

Turn off TX with T

Quit devcal

Copy the displayed MASTER GAIN value to the conf file.

sudo alsactl store

to save current mixer levels.

To prevent Echolink incoming connections while a Talkgroup is active

Uncomment :

proc tg_selected {new_tg old_tg} {
  puts "### tg_selected #$new_tg (old #$old_tg)"
  # Reject incoming Echolink connections while a talkgroup is active
  if {$new_tg != 0} {
    setConfigValue "ModuleEchoLink" "REJECT_INCOMING" "^.*$"
  } else {
    setConfigValue "ModuleEchoLink" "REJECT_INCOMING" "^$"
  }
}

in /usr/local/share/svxlink/events.d/local/ReflectorLogic.tcl

<svxinstall>/events.d/local/

Here are the 3 files containing tweaks to the standard behaviour.

Editing the original files (in events.d/) would work, but would get overwritten if the software is upgraded/re-installed. Putting local copies in events.d/local means the changes survive upgrades etc.

The actual path is:

/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.d/local/

I'll try to document what is different once I refresh my memory.

ReflectorLogic.tcl

###############################################################################
#
# ReflectorLogic event handlers
#
###############################################################################

#
# This is the namespace in which all functions below will exist. The name
# must match the corresponding section "[ReflectorLogic]" in the configuration
# file. The name may be changed but it must be changed in both places.
#
namespace eval ReflectorLogic {
 
# The currently selected TG. Variable set from application.
variable selected_tg 0

# The previously selected TG. Variable set from application.
variable previous_tg 0

# Timestamp for previous TG announcement
variable prev_announce_time 0

# The previously announced TG
variable prev_announce_tg 0

# The minimum time between announcements of the same TG.
# Change through ANNOUNCE_REMOTE_MIN_INTERVAL config variable.
variable announce_remote_min_interval 0

# This variable will be set to 1 if the QSY pending feature ("QSY on squelch
# activity") is active. See configuration variable QSY_PENDING_TIMEOUT.
variable qsy_pending_active 0

#
# Checking to see if this is the correct logic core
#
if {$logic_name != [namespace tail [namespace current]]} {
  return;
}

 
#
# Executed when an unknown command is received
#   cmd - The command string
#
proc unknown_command {cmd} {
  Logic::unknown_command $cmd;
}

 
#
# Executed when a received command fails
#
proc command_failed {cmd} {
  Logic::command_failed $cmd;
}

 
#
# Executed when manual TG announcement is triggered
#
proc report_tg_status {} {
  variable selected_tg
  variable previous_tg
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
  playSilence 100
  if {$selected_tg > 0} {
    set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
    set prev_announce_tg $selected_tg
    playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
    spellNumber $selected_tg
  } else {
    playMsg "Core" "previous"
    playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
    spellNumber $previous_tg
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected
# This function is called immediately when a change in talkgroup selection
# occurs. In constrast, the other more specific talkgroup selection event
# functions below is called with a delay in order to make announcement ordering
# more logical.
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_selected {new_tg old_tg} {
  puts "### tg_selected #$new_tg (old #$old_tg)"
  # Reject incoming Echolink connections while a talkgroup is active
  if {$new_tg != 0} {
    setConfigValue "ModuleEchoLink" "REJECT_INCOMING" "^.*$"
  } else {
    setConfigValue "ModuleEchoLink" "REJECT_INCOMING" "^$"
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected due to local activity
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_local_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
  variable selected_tg
 
  puts "### tg_local_activation"
  if {$new_tg != $old_tg} {
    set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
    set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
    playSilence 100
    playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
    spellNumber $new_tg
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected due to remote activity
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_remote_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
  variable announce_remote_min_interval
 
  puts "### tg_remote_activation"
  set now [clock seconds];
  if {($new_tg == $prev_announce_tg) && \
      ($now - $prev_announce_time < $announce_remote_min_interval)} {
    return;
  }
  if {$new_tg != $old_tg} {
    set prev_announce_time $now
    set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
    playSilence 100
    playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
    spellNumber $new_tg
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected due to remote activity on a prioritized
# monitored talk group while a lower prio talk group is selected
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_remote_prio_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  tg_remote_activation $new_tg $old_tg
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected by DTMF command
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_command_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
 
  puts "### tg_command_activation"
  set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
  set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
  spellNumber $new_tg
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected due to DEFAULT_TG configuration
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_default_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  #variable prev_announce_time
  #variable prev_announce_tg
  #variable selected_tg
  puts "### tg_default_activation"
  #if {$new_tg != $old_tg} {
  #  set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
  #  set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
  #  playSilence 100
  #  playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
  # spellNumber $new_tg
  #}
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG QSY request have been acted upon
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_qsy {new_tg old_tg} {
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
 
  puts "### tg_qsy"
  set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
  set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "qsy"
  #playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
  spellNumber $new_tg
}

 
#
# Executed when a QSY is followed due to squelch open (see QSY_PENDING_TIMEOUT)
#
#   tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#
proc tg_qsy_on_sql {tg} {
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "qsy"
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG QSY request fails
#
# A TG QSY may fail for primarily two reasons, either no talk group is
# currently active or there is no connection to the reflector server.
#
proc tg_qsy_failed {} {
  puts "### tg_qsy_failed"
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "qsy"
  playSilence 200
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed"
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG QSY request is pending
#
# tg -- The talk group requested in the QSY
#
proc tg_qsy_pending {tg} {
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "qsy"
  spellNumber $tg
  playMsg "Core" "pending"
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG QSY request is ignored
#
# tg -- The talk group requested in the QSY
#
proc tg_qsy_ignored {tg} {
  variable qsy_pending_active
  playSilence 100
  if {!$qsy_pending_active} {
    playMsg "Core" "qsy"
    spellNumber $tg
  }
  playMsg "Core" "ignored"
  playSilence 500
  playTone 880 200 50
  playTone 659 200 50
  playTone 440 200 50
  playSilence 100
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG selection has timed out
#
#   new_tg -- Always 0
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_selection_timeout {new_tg old_tg} {
  puts "### tg_selection_timeout"
  if {$old_tg != 0} {
    playSilence 50
    playTone 880 200 50
    playTone 659 200 50
    playTone 440 200 50
    playSilence 50
#  } else {
#    playSilence 50
#    playTone 440 200 150
#    playSilence 50
 
}
}

#
# Executed on talker start
#
#   tg        -- The talk group
#   callsign  -- The callsign of the talker node
#
proc talker_start {tg callsign} {
  #puts "### Talker DID start on TG #$tg: $callsign"
}

 
#
# Executed on talker stop
#
#   tg        -- The talk group
#   callsign  -- The callsign of the talker node
#
proc talker_stop {tg callsign} {
  variable selected_tg
  variable ::Logic::CFG_CALLSIGN
  #puts "### Talker DID stop on TG #$tg: $callsign"
  if {($tg == $selected_tg) && ($callsign != $::Logic::CFG_CALLSIGN)} {
    playSilence 100
    playTone 440 200 50
    playTone 659 200 50
    playTone 880 200 50
    playSilence 100
  }
}

 
#
# A talk group was added for temporary monitoring
#
#   tg -- The added talk group
#
proc tmp_monitor_add {tg} {
  puts "### tmp_monitor_add: $tg"
  playSilence 50
  playMsg "Default" "activating"
  playMsg "Core" "monitor"
  spellNumber $tg
}

 
#
# A talk group was removed from temporary monitoring
#
#   tg -- The removed talk group
#
proc tmp_monitor_remove {tg} {
  puts "### tmp_monitor_remove: $tg"
  playSilence 50
  playMsg "Default" "deactivating"
  playMsg "Core" "monitor"
  spellNumber $tg
}
 
 
if [info exists ::Logic::CFG_ANNOUNCE_REMOTE_MIN_INTERVAL] {
  set announce_remote_min_interval $::Logic::CFG_ANNOUNCE_REMOTE_MIN_INTERVAL
}
 
if [info exists ::Logic::CFG_QSY_PENDING_TIMEOUT] {
  if {$::Logic::CFG_QSY_PENDING_TIMEOUT > 0} {
    set qsy_pending_active 1
  }
}

 
# end of namespace
}

 
#
# This file has not been truncated
#

Logic.tcl

###############################################################################
#
# Generic Logic event handlers
#
###############################################################################

#
# This is the namespace in which all functions and variables below will exist.
#
namespace eval Logic {
 
 
#
# A variable used to store a timestamp for the last identification.
#
variable prev_ident 0;
 
#
# A constant that indicates the minimum time in seconds to wait between two
# identifications. Manual and long identifications is not affected.
#
variable min_time_between_ident 120;
 
#
# Short and long identification intervals. They are setup from config
# variables below.
#
variable short_ident_interval 0;
variable long_ident_interval 0;
 
variable short_voice_id_enable  1
variable short_cw_id_enable     0
variable short_announce_enable  0
variable short_announce_file    ""
 
variable long_voice_id_enable   1
variable long_cw_id_enable      0
variable long_announce_enable   0
variable long_announce_file     ""

#
# The ident_only_after_tx variable indicates if identification is only to
# occur after the node has transmitted. The variable is setup below from the
# configuration variable with the same name.
# The need_ident variable indicates if identification is needed.
#
variable ident_only_after_tx 0;
variable need_ident 0;
 
#
# List of functions that should be called periodically. Use the
# addMinuteTickSubscriber and addSecondTickSubscriber functions to
# add subscribers.
#
variable minute_tick_subscribers [list];
variable second_tick_subscribers [list];
 
#
# Contains the ID of the last receiver that indicated squelch activity
#
variable sql_rx_id "?";
 
#
# Executed when the SvxLink software is started
#
proc startup {} {
  #playMsg "Core" "online"
  #send_short_ident
}

 
#
# Executed when a specified module could not be found
#   module_id - The numeric ID of the module
#
proc no_such_module {module_id} {
  playMsg "Core" "no_such_module";
  playNumber $module_id;
}

 
#
# Executed when a manual identification is initiated with the * DTMF code
#
proc manual_identification {} {
  global mycall;
  global report_ctcss;
  global active_module;
  global loaded_modules;
  variable CFG_TYPE;
  variable prev_ident;
 
  set epoch [clock seconds];
  set hour [clock format $epoch -format "%k"];
  regexp {([1-5]?\d)$} [clock format $epoch -format "%M"] -> minute;
  set prev_ident $epoch;
 
  playMsg "Core" "online";
  spellWord $mycall;
  if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
    playMsg "Core" "repeater";
  }
  playSilence 250;
  playMsg "Core" "the_time_is";
  playTime $hour $minute;
  playSilence 250;
  if {$report_ctcss > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "pl_is";
    playFrequency $report_ctcss
    playSilence 300;
  }
  if {$active_module != ""} {
    playMsg "Core" "active_module";
    playMsg $active_module "name";
    playSilence 250;
    set func "::";
    append func $active_module "::status_report";
    if {"[info procs $func]" ne ""} {
      $func;
    }
  } else {
    foreach module [split $loaded_modules " "] {
      set func "::";
      append func $module "::status_report";
      if {"[info procs $func]" ne ""} {
	$func;
      }
    }
  }
  #playMsg "Default" "press_0_for_help"
  #playSilence 250;
}

 
#
# Executed when a short identification should be sent
#   hour    - The hour on which this identification occur
#   minute  - The minute on which this identification occur
#
proc send_short_ident {{hour -1} {minute -1}} {
  global mycall;
  variable CFG_TYPE;
  variable short_announce_file
  variable short_announce_enable
  variable short_voice_id_enable
  variable short_cw_id_enable

  # Play voice id if enabled
  if {$short_voice_id_enable} {
    puts "Playing short voice ID"
    spellWord $mycall;
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      playMsg "Core" "repeater";
    }
    playSilence 500;
  }

  # Play announcement file if enabled
  if {$short_announce_enable} {
    puts "Playing short announce"
    if [file exist "$short_announce_file"] {
      playFile "$short_announce_file"
      playSilence 500
    }
  }

  # Play CW id if enabled
  if {$short_cw_id_enable} {
    puts "Playing short CW ID"
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      set call "$mycall/R"
      CW::play $call
    } else {
      CW::play $mycall
    }
    playSilence 500;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a long identification (e.g. hourly) should be sent
#   hour    - The hour on which this identification occur
#   minute  - The minute on which this identification occur
#
proc send_long_ident {hour minute} {
  global mycall;
  global loaded_modules;
  global active_module;
  variable CFG_TYPE;
  variable long_announce_file
  variable long_announce_enable
  variable long_voice_id_enable
  variable long_cw_id_enable

  # Play the voice ID if enabled
  if {$long_voice_id_enable} {
    puts "Playing Long voice ID"
    spellWord $mycall;
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      playMsg "Core" "repeater";
    }
    playSilence 500;
    playMsg "Core" "the_time_is";
    playSilence 100;
    playTime $hour $minute;
    playSilence 500;
 
    # Call the "status_report" function in all modules if no module is active
    if {$active_module == ""} {
      foreach module [split $loaded_modules " "] {
        set func "::";
        append func $module "::status_report";
        if {"[info procs $func]" ne ""} {
          $func;
        }
      }
    }
 
    playSilence 500;
  }

  # Play announcement file if enabled
  if {$long_announce_enable} {
    puts "Playing long announce"
    if [file exist "$long_announce_file"] {
      playFile "$long_announce_file"
      playSilence 500
    }
  }

  # Play CW id if enabled
  if {$long_cw_id_enable} {
    puts "Playing long CW ID"
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      set call "$mycall/R"
      CW::play $call
    } else {
      CW::play $mycall
    }
    playSilence 100
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when the squelch have just closed and the RGR_SOUND_DELAY timer has
# expired.
#
proc send_rgr_sound {} {
  variable sql_rx_id
 
  if {$sql_rx_id != "?"} {
    # 150 CPM, 1000 Hz, -4 dBFS
    CW::play $sql_rx_id 150 1000 -4
    set sql_rx_id "?"
  } else {
    playTone 440 500 100
  }
  playSilence 100
}

 
#
# Executed when an empty macro command (i.e. D#) has been entered.
#
proc macro_empty {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when an entered macro command could not be found
#
proc macro_not_found {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a macro syntax error occurs (configuration error).
#
proc macro_syntax_error {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when the specified module in a macro command is not found
# (configuration error).
#
proc macro_module_not_found {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when the activation of the module specified in the macro command
# failed.
#
proc macro_module_activation_failed {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a macro command is executed that requires a module to
# be activated but another module is already active.
#
proc macro_another_active_module {} {
  global active_module;
 
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
  playMsg "Core" "active_module";
  playMsg $active_module "name";
}

 
#
# Executed when an unknown DTMF command is entered
#   cmd - The command string
#
proc unknown_command {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playMsg "Core" "unknown_command";
}

 
#
# Executed when an entered DTMF command failed
#   cmd - The command string
#
proc command_failed {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a link to another logic core is activated.
#   name  - The name of the link
#
proc activating_link {name} {
  if {[string length $name] > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "activating_link_to";
    spellWord $name;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a link to another logic core is deactivated.
#   name  - The name of the link
#
proc deactivating_link {name} {
  if {[string length $name] > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "deactivating_link_to";
    spellWord $name;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when trying to deactivate a link to another logic core but the
# link is not currently active.
#   name  - The name of the link
#
proc link_not_active {name} {
  if {[string length $name] > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "link_not_active_to";
    spellWord $name;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when trying to activate a link to another logic core but the
# link is already active.
#   name  - The name of the link
#
proc link_already_active {name} {
  if {[string length $name] > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "link_already_active_to";
    spellWord $name;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed each time the transmitter is turned on or off
#   is_on - Set to 1 if the transmitter is on or 0 if it's off
#
proc transmit {is_on} {
  #puts "Turning the transmitter $is_on";
  variable prev_ident;
  variable need_ident;
  if {$is_on && ([clock seconds] - $prev_ident > 5)} {
    set need_ident 1;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed each time the squelch is opened or closed
#   rx_id   - The ID of the RX that the squelch opened/closed on
#   is_open - Set to 1 if the squelch is open or 0 if it's closed
#
proc squelch_open {rx_id is_open} {
  variable sql_rx_id;
  #puts "The squelch is $is_open on RX $rx_id";
  set sql_rx_id $rx_id;
}

 
#
# Executed when a DTMF digit has been received
#   digit     - The detected DTMF digit
#   duration  - The duration, in milliseconds, of the digit
#
# Return 1 to hide the digit from further processing in SvxLink or
# return 0 to make SvxLink continue processing as normal.
#
proc dtmf_digit_received {digit duration} {
  #puts "DTMF digit \"$digit\" detected with duration $duration ms";
  return 0;
}

 
#
# Executed when a DTMF command has been received
#   cmd - The command
#
# Return 1 to hide the command from further processing is SvxLink or
# return 0 to make SvxLink continue processing as normal.
#
# This function can be used to implement your own custom commands or to disable
# DTMF commands that you do not want users to execute.
proc dtmf_cmd_received {cmd} {
  #global active_module

  # Example: Ignore all commands starting with 3 in the EchoLink module.
  #          Allow commands that have four or more digits.
  #if {$active_module == "EchoLink"} {
  #  if {[string length $cmd] < 4 && [string index $cmd 0] == "3"} {
  #    puts "Ignoring random connect command for module EchoLink: $cmd"
  #    return 1
  #  }
  #}

  # Handle the "force core command" mode where a command is forced to be
  # executed by the core command processor instead of by an active module.
  # The "force core command" mode is entered by prefixing a command by a star.
  #if {$active_module != "" && [string index $cmd 0] != "*"} {
  #  return 0
  #}
  #if {[string index $cmd 0] == "*"} {
  #  set cmd [string range $cmd 1 end]
  #}

  # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 99 is received
  #if {$cmd == "99"} {
  #  puts "Executing external command"
  #  playMsg "Core" "online"
  #  exec ls &
  #  return 1
  #}
 
  return 0
}

 
#
# Executed once every whole minute. Don't put any code here directly
# Create a new function and add it to the timer tick subscriber list
# by using the function addMinuteTickSubscriber.
#
proc every_minute {} {
  variable minute_tick_subscribers;
  #puts [clock format [clock seconds] -format "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"];
  foreach subscriber $minute_tick_subscribers {
    $subscriber;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed once every whole minute. Don't put any code here directly
# Create a new function and add it to the timer tick subscriber list
# by using the function addSecondTickSubscriber.
#
proc every_second {} {
  variable second_tick_subscribers;
  #puts [clock format [clock seconds] -format "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"];
  foreach subscriber $second_tick_subscribers {
    $subscriber;
  }
}

 
#
# Deprecated: Use the addMinuteTickSubscriber function instead
#
proc addTimerTickSubscriber {func} {
  puts "*** WARNING: Calling deprecated TCL event handler addTimerTickSubcriber."
  puts "             Use addMinuteTickSubscriber instead"
  addMinuteTickSubscriber $func;
}

 
#
# Use this function to add a function to the list of functions that
# should be executed once every whole minute. This is not an event
# function but rather a management function.
#
proc addMinuteTickSubscriber {func} {
  variable minute_tick_subscribers;
  lappend minute_tick_subscribers $func;
}

 
#
# Use this function to add a function to the list of functions that
# should be executed once every second. This is not an event
# function but rather a management function.
#
proc addSecondTickSubscriber {func} {
  variable second_tick_subscribers;
  lappend second_tick_subscribers $func;
}

 
#
# Should be executed once every whole minute to check if it is time to
# identify. Not exactly an event function. This function handle the
# identification logic and call the send_short_ident or send_long_ident
# functions when it is time to identify.
#
proc checkPeriodicIdentify {} {
  variable prev_ident;
  variable short_ident_interval;
  variable long_ident_interval;
  variable min_time_between_ident;
  variable ident_only_after_tx;
  variable need_ident;
  global logic_name;
 
  if {$short_ident_interval == 0} {
    return;
  }
 
  set now [clock seconds];
  set hour [clock format $now -format "%k"];
  regexp {([1-5]?\d)$} [clock format $now -format "%M"] -> minute;
 
  set short_ident_now \
      	    [expr {($hour * 60 + $minute) % $short_ident_interval == 0}];
  set long_ident_now 0;
  if {$long_ident_interval != 0} {
    set long_ident_now \
      	    [expr {($hour * 60 + $minute) % $long_ident_interval == 0}];
  }
 
  if {$long_ident_now} {
    puts "$logic_name: Sending long identification...";
    send_long_ident $hour $minute;
    set prev_ident $now;
    set need_ident 0;
  } else {
    if {$now - $prev_ident < $min_time_between_ident} {
      return;
    }
    if {$ident_only_after_tx && !$need_ident} {
      return;
    }
 
    if {$short_ident_now} {
      puts "$logic_name: Sending short identification...";
      send_short_ident $hour $minute;
      set prev_ident $now;
      set need_ident 0;
    }
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when the QSO recorder is being activated
#
proc activating_qso_recorder {} {
  playMsg "Core" "activating";
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
}

 
#
# Executed when the QSO recorder is being deactivated
#
proc deactivating_qso_recorder {} {
  playMsg "Core" "deactivating";
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
}

 
#
# Executed when trying to deactivate the QSO recorder even though it's
# not active
#
proc qso_recorder_not_active {} {
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
  playMsg "Core" "not_active";
}

 
#
# Executed when trying to activate the QSO recorder even though it's
# already active
#
proc qso_recorder_already_active {} {
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
  playMsg "Core" "already_active";
}

 
#
# Executed when the timeout kicks in to activate the QSO recorder
#
proc qso_recorder_timeout_activate {} {
  playMsg "Core" "timeout"
  playMsg "Core" "activating";
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
}

 
#
# Executed when the timeout kicks in to deactivate the QSO recorder
#
proc qso_recorder_timeout_deactivate {} {
  playMsg "Core" "timeout"
  playMsg "Core" "deactivating";
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
}

 
#
# Executed when the user is requesting a language change
#
proc set_language {lang_code} {
  global logic_name;
  puts "$logic_name: Setting language $lang_code (NOT IMPLEMENTED)";
 
}

 
#
# Executed when the user requests a list of available languages
#
proc list_languages {} {
  global logic_name;
  puts "$logic_name: Available languages: (NOT IMPLEMENTED)";
 
}

 
#
# Executed when the node is being brought online or offline
#
proc logic_online {online} {
  global mycall
  variable CFG_TYPE
 
  if {$online} {
    playMsg "Core" "online";
    spellWord $mycall;
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      playMsg "Core" "repeater";
    }
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a configuration variable is updated at runtime in the logic
# core
#
proc config_updated {tag value} {
  #puts "Configuration variable updated: $tag=$value"
}

 
#
# Executed when a DTMF command is received from another linked logic core
#
#   logic -- The name of the logic core
#   cmd   -- The received command
#
proc remote_cmd_received {logic cmd} {
  #puts "Remote command received from logic $logic: $cmd"
  #playDtmf "$cmd" "500" "50"
}

 
#
# Executed when a talkgroup is received from another linked logic core
#
#   logic -- The name of the logic core
#   tg    -- The received talkgroup
#
proc remote_received_tg_updated {logic tg} {
  #puts "Remote TG received from logic $logic: $tg"
  #if {$tg > 0} {
  #  playDtmf "1$tg" "500" "50"
  #}
}

 
##############################################################################
#
# Main program
#
##############################################################################
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL] {
  if {$CFG_SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL > 0} {
    set short_ident_interval $CFG_SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL;
  }
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL] {
  if {$CFG_LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL > 0} {
    set long_ident_interval $CFG_LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL;
    if {$short_ident_interval == 0} {
      set short_ident_interval $long_ident_interval;
    }
  }
}
 
if [info exists CFG_IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX] {
  if {$CFG_IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX > 0} {
    set ident_only_after_tx $CFG_IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX;
  }
}
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_ANNOUNCE_ENABLE] {
  set short_announce_enable $CFG_SHORT_ANNOUNCE_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_ANNOUNCE_FILE] {
  set short_announce_file $CFG_SHORT_ANNOUNCE_FILE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE] {
  set short_voice_id_enable $CFG_SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE] {
  set short_cw_id_enable $CFG_SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_ANNOUNCE_ENABLE] {
  set long_announce_enable $CFG_LONG_ANNOUNCE_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_ANNOUNCE_FILE] {
  set long_announce_file $CFG_LONG_ANNOUNCE_FILE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_VOICE_ID_ENABLE] {
  set long_voice_id_enable $CFG_LONG_VOICE_ID_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_CW_ID_ENABLE] {
  set long_cw_id_enable $CFG_LONG_CW_ID_ENABLE
}

 
# end of namespace
}

#
# This file has not been truncated
#

EchoLink.tcl

###############################################################################
#
# EchoLink module event handlers
#
###############################################################################

#
# This is the namespace in which all functions and variables below will exist.
# The name must match the configuration variable "NAME" in the
# [ModuleEchoLink] section in the configuration file. The name may be changed
# but it must be changed in both places.
#
namespace eval EchoLink {
 
#
# Check if this module is loaded in the current logic core
#
if {![info exists CFG_ID]} {
  return;
}

#
# Extract the module name from the current namespace
#
set module_name [namespace tail [namespace current]];
 
#
# An "overloaded" playMsg that eliminates the need to write the module name
# as the first argument.
#
proc playMsg {msg} {
  variable module_name;
  ::playMsg $module_name $msg;
}

 
#
# A convenience function for printing out information prefixed by the
# module name
#
proc printInfo {msg} {
  variable module_name;
  puts "$module_name: $msg";
}

 
#
# This variable is updated by the EchoLink module when a station connects or
# disconnects. It contains the number of currently connected stations.
#
variable num_connected_stations 0;
 
 
#
# Executed when this module is being activated
#
proc activating_module {} {
  variable module_name;
  Module::activating_module $module_name;
}

 
#
# Executed when this module is being deactivated.
#
proc deactivating_module {} {
  variable module_name;
  Module::deactivating_module $module_name;
}

 
#
# Executed when the inactivity timeout for this module has expired.
#
proc timeout {} {
  variable module_name;
  Module::timeout $module_name;
}

 
#
# Executed when playing of the help message for this module has been requested.
#
proc play_help {} {
  variable module_name;
  Module::play_help $module_name;
}

 
#
# Spell an EchoLink callsign
#
proc spellEchoLinkCallsign {call} {
  global langdir
  if [regexp {^(\w+)-L$} $call ignored callsign] {
    spellWord $callsign
    playSilence 50
    playMsg "link"
  } elseif [regexp {^(\w+)-R$} $call ignored callsign] {
    spellWord $callsign
    playSilence 50
    playMsg "repeater"
  } elseif [regexp {^\*(.+)\*$} $call ignored name] {
    playMsg "conference"
    playSilence 50
    set lc_name [string tolower $name]
    if [file exists "$langdir/EchoLink/conf-$lc_name.wav"] {
      playFile "$langdir/EchoLink/conf-$lc_name.wav"
    } else {
      spellEchoLinkCallsign $name
    }
  } else {
    spellWord $call
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a request to list all connected stations is received.
# That is, someone press DTMF "1#" when the EchoLink module is active.
#
proc list_connected_stations {connected_stations} {
  playNumber [llength $connected_stations];
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "connected_stations";
  foreach {call} "$connected_stations" {
    spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
    playSilence 250;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when someone tries to setup an outgoing EchoLink connection but
# the directory server is offline due to communications failure.
#
proc directory_server_offline {} {
  playMsg "directory_server_offline";
}

 
#
# Executed when the limit for maximum number of QSOs has been reached and
# an outgoing connection request is received.
#
proc no_more_connections_allowed {} {
  # FIXME: Change the message to something that makes more sense...
  playMsg "link_busy";
}

 
#
# Executed when a status report is requested. This usually happens at
# manual identification when the user press DTMF "*".
#
proc status_report {} {
  variable num_connected_stations;
  variable module_name;
  global active_module;
 
  if {$active_module == $module_name} {
    playNumber $num_connected_stations;
    playMsg "connected_stations";
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when an EchoLink id cannot be found in an outgoing connect request.
#
proc station_id_not_found {station_id} {
  playNumber $station_id;
  playMsg "not_found";
}

 
#
# Executed when the lookup of an EchoLink callsign fail in an outgoing connect
# request.
#
proc lookup_failed {station_id} {
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a local user tries to connect to the local node.
#
proc self_connect {} {
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a local user tries to connect to a node that is already
# connected.
#
proc already_connected_to {call} {
  playMsg "already_connected_to";
  playSilence 50;
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
}

 
#
# Executed when an internal error occurs.
#
proc internal_error {} {
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when an outgoing connection has been requested.
#
proc connecting_to {call} {
  playMsg "connecting_to";
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  playSilence 500;
}

 
#
# Executed when an EchoLink connection has been terminated
#
proc disconnected {call} {
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  playMsg "disconnected";
  playSilence 500;
}

 
#
# Executed when an incoming EchoLink connection has been accepted.
#
proc remote_connected {call} {
  playMsg "connected";
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  playSilence 500;
}

 
#
# Executed when an outgoing connection has been established.
#   call - The callsign of the remote station
#
proc connected {call} {
  #puts "Outgoing Echolink connection to $call established"
  playMsg "connected";
  playSilence 500;
}

 
#
# Executed when the list of connected remote EchoLink clients changes
#   client_list - List of connected clients
#
proc client_list_changed {client_list} {
  #foreach {call} $client_list {
  #  puts $call
  #}
}

 
#
# Executed when the EchoLink connection has been idle for too long. The
# connection will be terminated.
#
proc link_inactivity_timeout {} {
  playMsg "timeout";
}

 
#
# Executed when a too short connect by callsign command is received
#
proc cbc_too_short_cmd {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when the connect by callsign function cannot find a match
#
proc cbc_no_match {code} {
  playNumber $code;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "no_match";
}

 
#
# Executed when the connect by callsign list has been retrieved
#
proc cbc_list {call_list} {
  playMsg "choose_station";
  set idx 0;
  foreach {call} $call_list {
    incr idx;
    playSilence 500;
    playNumber $idx;
    playSilence 200;
    spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when the connect by callsign function is manually aborted
#
proc cbc_aborted {} {
  playMsg "aborted";
}

 
#
# Executed when an out of range index is entered in the connect by callsign
# list
#
proc cbc_index_out_of_range {idx} {
  playNumber $idx;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "idx_out_of_range";
}

 
#
# Executed when there are more than nine matches in the connect by
# callsign function
#
proc cbc_too_many_matches {} {
  playMsg "too_many_matches";
}

 
#
# Executed when no station have been chosen in 60 seconds in the connect
# by callsign function
#
proc cbc_timeout {} {
  playMsg "aborted";
}

 
#
# Executed when the disconnect by callsign list has been retrieved
#
proc dbc_list {call_list} {
  playMsg "disconnect_by_callsign";
  playSilence 200
  playMsg "choose_station";
  set idx 0;
  foreach {call} $call_list {
    incr idx;
    playSilence 500;
    playNumber $idx;
    playSilence 200;
    spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when the disconnect by callsign function is manually aborted
#
proc dbc_aborted {} {
  playMsg "disconnect_by_callsign";
  playMsg "aborted";
}

 
#
# Executed when an out of range index is entered in the disconnect by callsign
# list
#
proc dbc_index_out_of_range {idx} {
  playNumber $idx;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "idx_out_of_range";
}

 
#
# Executed when no station have been chosen in 60 seconds in the disconnect
# by callsign function
#
proc dbc_timeout {} {
  playMsg "disconnect_by_callsign";
  playMsg "timeout";
}

 
#
# Executed when a local user enter the DTMF code for playing back the
# local node ID.
#
proc play_node_id {my_node_id} {
  playMsg "node_id_is";
  playSilence 200;
  if { $my_node_id != 0} {
    playNumber $my_node_id;
  } else {
    playMsg "unknown";
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when an entered command failed or have bad syntax.
#
proc command_failed {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when an unrecognized command has been received.
#
proc unknown_command {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playMsg "unknown_command";
}

 
#
# Executed when the listen only feature is activated or deactivated
#   status    - The current status of the feature (0=deactivated, 1=activated)
#   activate  - The requested new status of the feature
#               (0=deactivate, 1=activate)
#
proc listen_only {status activate} {
  variable module_name;
 
  if {$status == $activate} {
    playMsg "listen_only";
    playMsg [expr {$status ? "already_active" : "not_active"}];
  } else {
    puts "$module_name: [expr {$activate ? "Activating" : "Deactivating"}]\
          listen only mode.";
    playMsg [expr {$activate ? "activating" : "deactivating"}];
    playMsg "listen_only";
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when an outgoing connection is rejected. This can happen if
# REJECT_OUTGOING and/or ACCEPT_OUTGOING has been setup.
#
proc reject_outgoing_connection {call} {
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "reject_connection";
}

 
#
# Executed when a transmission from an EchoLink station is starting
# or stopping
#   rx   - 1 if receiving or 0 if not
#   call - The callsign of the remote station
#
#
proc is_receiving {rx call} {
  if {$rx == 0} {
    playTone 1000 100 100;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a chat message is received from a remote station
#
#   msg -- The message text
#
# WARNING: This is a slightly dangerous function since unexepected input
# may open up a security flaw. Make sure that the message string is handled
# as unknown data that can contain anything. Check it thoroughly before
# using it. Do not run SvxLink as user root.
proc chat_received {msg} {
  #puts $msg
}

 
#
# Executed when an info message is received from a remote station
#
#   call -- The callsign of the sending station
#   msg  -- The message text
#
# WARNING: This is a slightly dangerous function since unexepected input
# may open up a security flaw. Make sure that the message string is handled
# as unknown data that can contain anything. Check it thoroughly before
# using it. Do not run SvxLink as user root.
proc info_received {call msg} {
  #puts "$call: $msg"
}

 
#
# Executed when a configuration variable is updated at runtime
#
proc config_updated {tag value} {
  #puts "Configuration variable updated: $tag=$value"
}

 
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The events below are for remote EchoLink announcements. Sounds are not
# played over the local transmitter but are sent to the remote station.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
# Executed when an incoming connection is accepted
#
proc remote_greeting {call} {
#  playSilence 1000;
#  playMsg "greeting";
}

 
#
# Executed when an incoming connection is rejected
#
proc reject_remote_connection {perm} {
  playSilence 1000;
  if {$perm} {
    playMsg "reject_connection";
  } else {
    playMsg "reject_connection";
    playMsg "please_try_again_later"
  }
  playSilence 1000;
}

 
#
# Executed when the inactivity timer times out
#
proc remote_timeout {} {
  playMsg "timeout";
  playSilence 1000;
}

 
#
# Executed when the squelch state changes
#
proc squelch_open {is_open} {
  # The listen_only_active and CFG_REMOTE_RGR_SOUND global variables are set by
  # the C++ code
  variable listen_only_active
  variable CFG_REMOTE_RGR_SOUND
  if {$CFG_REMOTE_RGR_SOUND && !$is_open && !$listen_only_active} {
    playSilence 200
    playTone 1000 100 100
  }
}

 
# end of namespace
}

#
# This file has not been truncated
#

John Pumford-Green Tue May 3 20:58:10 2022

Page Updated : 04/06/26 07:39 BST

svxlink, mb7aze, radio

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:20:12 +0000

←3rd Party Firmware

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

A 3rd Party Firmware for the DM15 family of calculators

Overview of LF15C

Full development history in HP Forum thread New firmware for the Swissmicros DM15L

LF15C is written by HP Museum Forum member jebedeo
It is a replacement firmware for the Swiss Micros DM15C & DM15L calculators.
- also runs on the original DM15 credit card version no longer in production
It is not an emulation or an exact simulation of the HP15C
It runs directly on the hardware without an emulation layer.
It is very much faster than the stock firmware
It has full-time complex number support
- including display of the full real & imaginary parts on the LCD together 3.345 +22.356 i
It has a 4-level stack with full-time 2-level display of X and Y
All the main HP15C functions are included with the exception of Matrix support

Installing LF15C

DM15L running V32 or earlier (Linux)

sudo lpc21isp LF15C_250408.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
Press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start new firmware

DM15L running V33 or later (Linux)

This behaviour isn't consistent!

I've seen it be possible to flash and run LF15C directly after DM15 V34 with no problems.

I've also seen the problems described below, requiring downgrade to V32.

Just bear it in mind if you have problems starting LF15C after flashing it on top of V33-onwards

The new Swiss Micros firmware V33 changes the behaviour of the bootloader, and it appears to be impossible to flash 3rd party firmware when the calculator is running V33 or later.

The firmware appears to flash correctly, but on reset it will not start

The solution is to downgrade to V32 first, and then install LF15C

sudo lpc21isp DM15_M1B_32.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start V32 firmware
sudo lpc21isp LF15C_250408.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start new LF15C firmware

For installation using Windows

The Swiss Micros Voyager Update Tool will work to install LF15C
- Do not use the new Web Update tool
The same caveats regarding installation after using the Swiss Micros V33 apply
- First downgrade to V32
- Then flash with LF15C
You need to use the hidden reset button in all cases.

Files

Download from here

Latest LF15C firmware	lf15c_250408.hex
V32 firmware	dm15_m1b_32.hex
Swiss Micros Voyager Windows Update Tool	voyage_firmware_tool.zip

Download from HP Forum & Swiss Micros

The Firmware files are available from the HP Forum Thread for this firmware - at the foot of Post #1
- the version attached to Post #1 is always the latest available.
At present (Jan '26) there is also a beta version which is being used to test various compiler optimizations, and is buggy and best avoided.

Swiss Micros
- V32 Firmware DM15_M1B_32.hex
- Voyager Update Tool Voyager Firmware Update Tool

LF15C General Info

Full time complex stack shows real & imaginary parts together as e.g. Rectangular: 3.45 +4.34 i or Polar: 5.5442 ∠51.5177
maximum number range approx. ±1.797 x 10³⁰⁸
- largest integer factorial 170fx! = 7.2574 E306
smallest positive number approx. 1.00 10^-323 before 0 is returned
Precision 15 decimal places

π displays as 3.14159265358979
e displays as 2.71828182845905

Fingerprinting - see Fingerprinting

9SINCOSTANATANACOSASIN9-

-1.6584 x10 ^-10

User Programs can be saved/loaded via USB Serial port using a terminal emulator such as Putty

LF15C uses binary floating point representation, rather than the more common BCD.
- This improves the speed but introduces occasional small rounding errors

Example (Click to view)

HP15C functions

Fix / Sci / Eng display formats
√x / x²
e^x / Ln
10^x / Log
y^x / %
1/x / Δ%
Sin / ASin
Cos / ACos
Tan / ATan
Hyperbolics of Sin/Cos/Tan
CHS / ABS
EEX / π
Deg / Rad / Grad Angle Mode
→H.ms / →H Conversions
→Rad / →Deg Conversions
X!
- integer, non-integer, negative and complex support
Statistics
- Σ+ two variable accumulation
- mean
- standard deviation
- Linear Regression
  - slope / intercept
  - ŷ estimation / r correlation coefficient
Combinations / Permutations
Usual 4 level stack manipulations
- Last x
- Roll Down ↓
- Roll Up ↑
- Swap x ↔ y
- Swap x ↔ any Storage Register
100 storage registers (numbered 00-99)
- capable of saving Complex Numbers
Indirect Register pair I / (i)
Indirect Program Label / Line number addressing via Register I
Random Number Generator
Rounding
Fractional / Integer
Usual Keystroke Programming features
- SST/BST
- LBL
  - LBL A - E
  - LBL 00 - 99
- DSE / ISG
  - including usual loop control indexing
- Logical tests
- Branching
  - GTO
  - GSB
  - RTN
- PSE
- R/S
SF / CF / FS?
- 10 user flags for program control
Solver
- can be used via a program
Numerical Integration
- variable precision via display digit format
- can be used via a program
quick clear of
- Statistical data
- Individual Program
- All stored Programs
- Storage Registers (0-99, I and (i))
Full digit mantissa preview

HP15C features not supported

Matrix functions
User Mode
Memory management
- partitioning between Storage Registers and Program Space is not required or supported

DM15L features not supported

Real Time clock
Switchable 1-line display option (V33 feature)
CPU speed switching
Display Font options
Adjustable LCD contrast
Various self-tests
Conversions & Constants (V33 feature)

Speed tests

Very much faster than stock DM15L firmware … see Benchmarking

n-Queens

Calculator	Firmware	Time
DM15L	V34	202 seconds
DM42	3.23	7.30 seconds
DM15L*	LF15C 250408	0.992 seconds

Savage

Calculator	Firmware	Time
DM15L	V34	247 seconds
DM42	3.23	14.9 seconds
DM15L*	LF15C 250408	4.008 seconds

Using LF15C

Complex Numbers

The stack is permanently in complex mode and operates slightly differently to the stock HP15C

Making & manipulating a complex number

Press f I in normal mode to create & destroy a complex number from ⇔ to y and x on the stack.

Example (click to view)

Make a pure imaginary number by using fRe<>Im

Example (Click to view)

Rectangular and Polar modes for complex numbers

f →R and g→P do NOT to convert x and y stack levels between Rect and Polar values as in the HP15C
→R and →P are Mode Switching commands for the whole complex stack.
When in Polar mode ALL Complex numbers on the stack are in Magnitude / Angle format.
- The angle format can be Deg or Rad as appropriate

Example (click to view)

Arithmetic can be done in Rectangular or Polar mode.

Mode can be switched at any time - perhaps switching to Rectangular to enter a Rectangular format number, when working in Polar, and then switching back to Polar once it's been entered on the stack..
Intermediate calculations can be done whatever mode is current.
- this is unlike the HP15C, where complex arithmetic has to be done in Rectangular format - and Polar format numbers must be converted → R first.
To confirm the mode in use an annunciator P is always present when in Polar.
- No P means Rectangular mode is active.

Example (click to view)

Other features

Indirect addressing

Similar features to the standard HP15C, with differences due to increased Program Label numbers

Indirect Register pair I & (i)

Indirect Register pair I and (i) work in the usual way

Example (click to view)

Indirect Program Label addressing

As in the HP15C you can also indirectly address Program Labels using the contents of the I register to point to the label required.

The HP15C allowed 20 numerical Program Labels 0 - .9 which meant indirect addressing for Labels A - E was done by reference to 20 - 24 in Register I

LF15C has 100 numerical Program Labels so….

Store 00 - 99 in I to address numerical Program Labels 00 - 99

Store 100 - 104 I to address Program Labels A - E

Using GTO I or GSB I in a program will lead to a jump to the Program Label referred to by contents of Register I.

Changing Register I's contents (e.g. within a program) can then cause the execution of program to branch in different ways - this can be a very powerful mechanism!

Example (click to view)

Store 100 (for LBL A) in the indirect Register I

100STOI

Use the value stored in I as a Label indirectly by calling it from within a program.

LBL A is a small program to do a simple calculation (area of circle from radius held in x)

LBL B, which has the single command GTO I

Running LBL B fB actually runs the program in LBL A : GTO I is interpreted as GTO A.

LBL A
X^2
PI
*
RTN

LBL B
GTO I
RTN

Changing the contents of Register I will change where LBL B points to.

This allows you to make decisions and branches to different code communicated via the indirect register.

Storing 101 in Reg I and then running LBL B has the effect of an endless loop….. LBL B calls itself (indirectly via I=101)

Use R/S to interrupt the endless loop!

Using GTO I in LBL B means execution passes to LBL A and does not return to LBL B on completion.

Using GSB I in LBL B instead of GTO means that after running LBL A (via indirection) execution returns to LBL B and continues….

Indirect Program Line Number Addressing

Similar to the above, if the Indirect Register I contains a NEGATIVE number then a call to GTO I or GSB I will cause a branch to the absoloute Line Number referred to in I.

Example (Click to view)

0 Empty
1 LBL A
2 GTO I
5 RTN
6 LBL 88
8 X^2
9 PI
10 *
11 RTN
12 Empty

Storing 88 in Register I would make Program A branch to the Label 88 (line 6)

Storing -9 in Register I (9 CHS STO I) would make Program A branch to PI (at line 9) and bypass the X² instruction.

Line numbering isn't straightforward, as each instruction may use one or two line numbers depending on the instruction itself, so you have to be careful about which line you need to address.

And the rest

100 Storage Registers 00 - 99 are capable of storing Complex Numbers

Factorial / Gamma x! works on integer (positive), non-integer (positive and negative) and complex numbers

Program Mode shows human-readable text rather than HP15C op-codes
- 2-line display of Program being edited

Selection of logical tests can be done in usual HP15C fashion with TEST 0 - TEST 9
- Test can also be selected from a scrolling list of options after initially pressing gTEST with the choice being made via soft-keys & LCD Prompts

To run a program with a numeric label (i.e. other than LBL A → LBL E) press f LBL ##
- e.g. f LBL 88
- this is different than on the original HP15C where to run a label you used GSB##

In program mode, f CLEAR PREFIX places the runTime opCode in the program. runTime writes to x the program execution time once it's executed.

Deleting User Programs
- Delete a single program : f CLEAR PRGM followed by a label
- Delete ALL programs : f and long press CLEAR PRGM

FIX/SCI/ENG don't round numbers unless gRND is pressed.

fENGnn sets the number of significant digits as requested, UNLIKE the original HP15C where fENGn sets the significant digits to n + 1

There are 10 user flags, from 0 to 9.
- There are no LCD annunciators to show state, but flags can be set, cleared and tested for decision making in program branching

Long press GTO in program mode to access go to label feature (single press in run mode)
Long press GSB in program mode to access go to line number feature (single press in run mode)

When running a program step by step, a long press on SST doesn’t execute the current step.

Unused Keys
- f USER, gMEM, fDIM, fMATRIX and fRESULT are not implemented and don't do anything at the moment.

LF15C Serial Port Info

Serial Port dump info : https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046-post-194697.html#pid194697
Serial Port settings
- Rate : 57600
- Data : 8 bit
- Stop : 1 bit
- Parity : None
- Flow Control : None

ALWAYS INCLUDE AT LEAST ONE TRAILING ZERO FROM THE STRING OF DIGITS REPRESENTING THE MEMORY DUMP

To extract a dump from calculator press and hold STO
- the string of digits can be copy/pasted into a text file for storage
- it is only necessary to keep one final zero - the rest of the zeros can be ignored
To upload a previously saved dump
- copy it to clipboard and then
- press and hold RCL until the terminal shows Paste PrgMemory:
- in Putty ShiftInsert to paste clipboard text into terminal

LF15C Firmware Files

Tabulated List of LF15C firmware versions

Date	Firmware	Version	Firmware File	Comments
12/09/24	LF15C	beta240911	lf15c_beta240911.zip	initial public beta
15/09/24	LF15C	beta240914	lf15c_beta240914.zip
17/09/24	LF15C	beta240916	lf15c_beta240916.zip
17/09/24	LF15C	beta240916_2	lf15c_beta240916_2.zip
21/09/24	LF15C	beta240920	lf15c_beta240920.zip	very fast Benchmarking, roots of -ve numbers bug
21/09/24	LF15C	beta240921	lf15c_beta240921.zip	Fix of “powers of negative numbers” bug, new 10^x bug
23/09/24	LF15C	beta240923	lf15c_beta240923.zip	10^x fix, other bug fixes
25/09/24	LF15C	beta240925	lf15c_beta240925.zip	Bug fixes More new bugs
28/09/24	LF15C	beta240928	lf15c_beta240928.zip	bug fixes
30/09/24	LF15C	beta240929	lf15c_beta240929.zip	Bug Fixes etc.
30/09/24	LF15C	beta240929_2	lf15c_beta240929_2.zip	RCL I Bug fix
01/10/24	LF15C	beta240930	lf15c_beta240930.zip	Bug Fixes
02/10/24	LF15C	debug241001	lf15c_debug_for_john241001.zip	version pre-loaded with my B.Fil prog for debug purposes
02/10/24	LF15C	beta241002	lf15c_beta241002.zip	Bug Fix my B.Fil runs correctly. No known showstoppers left?
03/10/24	LF15C	beta241003	lf15c_beta241003.zip	fPREFIX fix. Discovered inverse HYP SIN bug
06/10/24	LF15C	beta241005	lf15c_beta241005.zip	fixes ,HYP ASIN bug still present
07/10/24	LF15C	beta241006	lf15c_beta241006.zip	Bug fix and new runTime function
08/10/24	LF15C	beta241007	lf15c_beta241007.zip	Bug Fixes
10/10/24	LF15C	beta241009	lf15c_beta241009.zip	Bug Fixes
12/10/24	LF15C	beta241011	lf15c_beta241011.zip	RND bug fix
14/10/24	LF15C	beta241014	lf15c_beta241014.zip
20/10/24	LF15C	beta241020	lf15c_beta241020.zip
21/10/24	LF15C	beta241021	lf15c_beta241021.zip
22/10/24	LF15C	beta241022	lf15c_beta241022.zip
24/10/24	LF15C	beta241024	lf15c_beta241024.zip
31/10/24	LF15C	beta241031	lf15c_beta241031.zip
02/11/24	LF15C	beta241102	lf15c_beta241102.zip
10/12/24	LF15C	beta241210_2	lf15c_beta241210_2.zip	Integrate feature
17/12/24	LF15C	beta241217	lf15c_beta241217.zip	Integrate improvements
21/12/24	LF15C	beta241221	lf15c_beta241221.zip	Bug Fixes
22/12/24	LF15C	beta241222	lf15c_beta241222.zip	Sin(180)=0 Fixed
14/02/25	LF15C	beta250123	lf15c_beta250123.zip	Enter Key bug fixes
15/02/25	LF15C	beta250215	lf15c_beta250215.zip	Better integration routine and bug fixes
16/02/25	LF15C	beta250216	lf15c_beta250216.zip	Y↑X and TEST bug fixes
17/02/25	LF15C	beta250217b	lf15c_beta250217b.zip	Integration bug fix
19/02/25	LF15C	beta250218	lf15c_beta250218.zip	Integration programability
20/02/25	LF15C	beta250220	lf15c_beta250220.zip	Linear Regression bug fix
21/02/25	LF15C	beta250221	lf15c_beta250221.zip	Complex/non-integer factorial
25/02/25	LF15C	beta250225	lf15c_beta250225.zip	improved precision in x! function
26/02/25	LF15C	beta250226	lf15c_beta250226.hex	f-PREFIX bug fix
12/01/26	LF15C	250408	lf15c_250408.hex	no longer BETA. Stable version - mature??
31/03/26	LF15C	260331	lf15c_260331.hex	Differences unknown - various changes since last stable version 250408. Has Solver issues?
04/04/26	LF15C	260404	lf15c_260404.hex	Differences unknown… performs well on all tests, solver issues resolved
12/04/26	LF15C	260412	lf15c_260412.hex	SOLVE adjustments

Further Information

LF15C program dumps Program dumps for LF15C

Page created : 17/02/26 17:51 GMT

Page updated : 19/04/26 21:20 BST

calculator, dm15l, lf15c

Privacy ?

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:45:35 +0000

Privacy ?

Private versus Public

I recently got totally fed-up with the state of *the internet*. Mobile phones so tightly tied to *Google* or *Apple* that they track your every move and communicate every action you make online with databrokers that use this to profile you and target ads (and worse?) at you….

Why isn't it possible just to use a phone to make phone calls, send text messages, and to innocently and privately look at websites?

De-Googling etc.

I started *de-googling*[^1] as far as I could. And this included my *desktop* interaction with the web too. I'd already been using adblockers for years, but this time I went further.

And I found it's *impossible to fully de-google*.

Of course I *knew* this - after all, Android *is* Google. And the web *is* Google.

But I made tiny first steps. Why do I need accounts with Google and other major enshitifiers to do the things I still enjoy online? This feeling also tied in with a desire to cut-back on online shopping (I'll do a post on my *no-buy* aspirations another time) so I got rid of other accounts too.

I got rid of my accounts with (at least these, probably others that I've forgotten about):

Google
- My You Tube Channel was deleted too
Microsoft
Amazon
Paypal
eBay
Reddit

I didn't have *Facebook* or *Twitter/X* or *Mastodon* or *Instagram* or *Tik-Tok* or any other *social media* accounts, so there was no FOFOMO[^2] to worry about.

#### A quiet online life?

This still means I can use the internet but reduces the level of *integration* which happens - where everything talks to everything else *via Google*.

#### To properly de-Google?

After doing as much as I could with my stock Android phone I ran into the usual problem of how tightly integrated even the simplest of apps is with the Google eco-system and that it didn't seem possible to use a *normal* Android phone and at the same time to be invisible to Google & to escape its spying.

A fully de-googled-at-source-android was the answer. There are a few options. I won't go into them in detail, I just took the easiest route.

I bought a Fairphone6 pre-installed with /e/OS.

I tried it first *without* running *micro-G* (which spoofs some of the functionality of *Google Play Services* etc. and which gives access to certain Google services anonymously so that the apps that rely on some Google functionality can still be installed and will run).

But that limited my options for apps.

So I enabled *micro-G* and installed a *very small number* of non-FOSS Android apps:

2 Banking apps for my personal and business bank accounts
BBC Sounds - but only because *I can't abide adverts* even in podcasts - and the BBC is the only source I can trust not to shove commercial adverts at me during podcasts
Canon Print - to access my little Canon Selphy printer (yes, it is possible without the Canon Print app, but it's fiddly and error-prone)

And that's all.

Everything else is either the pre-installed version from /e/OS or it's a FOSS version from *f-Droid*

/e/OS has a built in system-level tracking blocker which circumvents the many (many) *phone-home* tracking messages that these non-FOSS apps send to various analytic/tracking providers. It's quite scary to see just how chatty these apps are, and how many external 3++rd++ party tracking services are fed data - quite separately from the actual application's useful and necessary network traffic (this still flows and allows the app to function normally).

#### Privacy - hiding from real people on the internet

I took things a step further - and tried to extract myself from *any online activity* which would involve showing anything of mine to *strangers on the internet*.

I made my [Commonplace Wiki](https://g4slv.info/dokuwiki/) private - nothing was readable by passing strangers.

I'd deleted my You Tube stuff already, as a part of *de-googling* so that had already been taken care of.

I started to delete various accounts that I had on web-forums, and thus my old posts disappeared too (I don't contribute much, and my words are unlikely to be missed by anyone).

I wanted to *disappear* from the online world.

I know it's not possible to remove all traces of your past online life - but I wanted my future involvement with the web to be invisible.

#### The Hypocrisy of this

But I was still reading *other* people's websites and blogs. Watching other people's You Tube videos - but *not-logged-in* and via a browser with an *adblocker* (or more often via `NewPipe` or by downloading the video to my laptop 1++st++ by using `yt-dlp`)

I was *consuming* but not *contributing*

This seems selfish and petty.

So I un-hid my dokuwiki site, and it's now readable by anyone. I don't know if anyone finds any of it useful, it exists mainly for me to have a place to store *useful-to-me* information.

I figure though that it's *good* to share stuff online (even when there are probably very few people that'll ever read it). But, because *I* find other peoples' stuff useful, interesting etc. then should I not let other people make up their own minds about my stuff? By at least making it accessible.

The important thing to me now is that this sharing *must be done without involving the enshitifying platforms* like *Google*, *Meta* etc. etc.

I *can* share my thoughts, experiments, notes etc. with real people on the internet - but only by hosting it myself.

This can be done with a blog (like this one) or a wiki like [this one](https://g4slv.info/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=start) and even with an old hand-built plain html website from more than 20 years ago, like [this one](https://g4slv.info/website/index.html) which I used to have back in the early 2000's and which has been languishing in a zip file for many years.

#### Blogging in 2026

After deciding that I don't want to hide from *real* people, that the internet is (still) a good thing when used for good reasons. It allows us to share with other *real* people. Enshitification has largely spoiled the *mainstream* web, but there are still lots of personal web sites, blogs, wikis etc.

Let's keep them going.

This is why I'm blogging now. It's been a few years since I last did any blogging, but I think I can enjoy it again (regardless of the number of readers) and create a small corner of the internet out of my own head. It might be self-indulgent twaddle, it might be pointless and meaningless and if *I* get some happiness out of making it, that's enough. But it *has* to be online and *has* to feel like it's a small fight against the enshitification that the major platforms have wrought on the once wonderful web.

[^1]: I use this as a generic term for *cutting out as much surveillance and tracking as possible* [^2]: Is this a new coining? Fear of FOMO The fear that I'll suffer *“Fear of Missing Out”*

CA65 Setup

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←6502 Project

CA65 Setup

Using CA65 in place of VASM

Support Files

firmware.cfg

MEMORY
{
# Zero page
  ZP: start = $00, size = $100, type = rw, define = yes;
  RAM: start = $200, size = $3dff define=yes;
  ROM:       start=$8000, size=$8000, type=ro, define=yes, fill=yes,   fillval=$00, file=%O;
}

SEGMENTS
{
  ZEROPAGE: load = ZP,             type = zp;
  BSS:        load=RAM,       type=bss, define=yes;
  
  CODE:      load=ROM,       type=ro,  define=yes;
  VECTORS:   load=ROM,       type=ro,  define=yes,   offset=$7ffa, optional=yes;
}

cc65.rules.mk

include /home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/tools.mk
 
BUILD_FOLDER=../build
TEMP_FOLDER=$(BUILD_FOLDER)/$(ROM_NAME)
ROM_FILE=$(BUILD_FOLDER)/$(ROM_NAME).bin
MAP_FILE=$(TEMP_FOLDER)/$(ROM_NAME).map
 
ASM_OBJECTS=$(ASM_SOURCES:%.s=$(TEMP_FOLDER)/%.o)
 
# Compile assembler sources
$(TEMP_FOLDER)/%.o: %.s
	@$(MKDIR_BINARY) $(MKDIR_FLAGS) $(TEMP_FOLDER)
	$(CA65_BINARY) $(CA65_FLAGS) -o $@ -l $(@:.o=.lst) $<
 
# Link ROM image
$(ROM_FILE): $(ASM_OBJECTS) $(FIRMWARE_CFG)
	@$(MKDIR_BINARY) $(MKDIR_FLAGS) $(BUILD_FOLDER)
	$(LD65_BINARY) $(LD65_FLAGS) -C $(FIRMWARE_CFG) -o $@ -m $(MAP_FILE) $(ASM_OBJECTS)
 
# Default target
all: $(ROM_FILE)
 
# Build and dump output
test: $(ROM_FILE)
	$(HEXDUMP_BINARY) $(HEXDUMP_FLAGS) $<
	$(MD5_BINARY) $<
 
# Clean build artifacts
clean:
	$(RM_BINARY) -f $(ROM_FILE) \
	$(MAP_FILE) \
	$(ASM_OBJECTS) \
	$(ASM_OBJECTS:%.o=%.lst)

tools.mk

# cc65 utilities used in this example
CA65_BINARY=ca65
CC65_BINARY=cc65
LD65_BINARY=ld65
AR65_BINARY=ar65

VASM_BINARY=vasm6502_oldstyle

CPU_FLAG=--cpu 65C02
ARCH_FLAG=-t none

CC65_FLAGS=$(CPU_FLAG) $(ARCH_FLAG) $(EXTRA_FLAGS) -O
CA65_FLAGS=$(CPU_FLAG) $(EXTRA_FLAGS)
LD65_FLAGS=
AR65_FLAGS=r

VASM_FLAGS=-Fbin -dotdir

# Hexdump is used for "testing" the ROM
HEXDUMP_BINARY=hexdump
HEXDUMP_FLAGS=-C

# Checksum generator
MD5_BINARY=md5sum

# Standard utilities (rm/mkdir)
RM_BINARY=rm
RM_FLAGS=-f
MKDIR_BINARY=mkdir
MKDIR_FLAGS=-p
CP_BINARY=cp
CP_FLAGS=-f

project makefile

CONF_DIR=/home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src

ROM_NAME=monitor_dev

ASM_SOURCES=monitor_dev.s

FIRMWARE_CFG=$(CONF_DIR)/firmware.cfg

include $(CONF_DIR)/cc65.rules.mk

A typical project

monitor_dev.s setup

Put the asm source for the project in a folder (/home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/src/monitor/monitor_dev.s)
Put the makefile in the same folder
put any source files to be included in the assembly process in the includes folder
- /home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/src/includes/rtc.inc
- /home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/src/includes/ioports.inc
make a build main folder /home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/build/

The general tree:

/home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/ = base folder for ca65 projects aka $CA65SRC

config files : firmware.cfg, cc65.rules.mk, tools.mk are in $(CA65SRC)
sources directory : src is in $(CA65SRC) → $(CA65SRC)/src
inside sources directory are build, includes and the individual project source directories. $(CA65SRC)/src/build/, $(CA65SRC)/src/includes/ and (eg) $(CA65SRC)/src/monitor/
inside each project source directory are the asm source file eg monitor_dev.s and a specific makefile

To include sources from the includes directory first define the variables, then the includes :

Variables

define zeropage variables:

.zeropage
 
DUMP_POINTER:     .res 2
FLAGS:            .res 1
TOGGLE_TIME:      .res 1
CLOCK_LAST:       .res 1
MESSAGE_POINTER:  .res 2
TICKS:            .res 4
CENTISEC:         .res 1
HUNDRED_HRS:      .res 1
TEN_HRS:          .res 1
HRS:              .res 1
TEN_MINUTES:      .res 1
MINUTES:          .res 1
TEN_SECONDS:      .res 1
SECONDS:          .res 1
MEM_POINTER:      .res 2

and define the other .bss variables:

.bss
 
INKEY:            .res 1
ASCII:            .res 4
BYTE:             .res 2
TENS:             .res 1
HUNDREDS:         .res 1
HEX:              .res 2
HEXB:             .res 2
TEMP:             .res 1
TEMP2:            .res 1

Then the includes

  .include "../includes/ioports.inc"
  .include "../includes/lcd.inc"
  .include "../includes/getkey.inc"
  .include "../includes/functions.inc"
  .include "../includes/rtc.inc"

make sure the include files have appropriate .code directive to put it in the right place when its all assembled together:

e.g. in functions.inc:

 .code
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;          convert a binary number from Accumulator, in range 00000000 -> 11111111 ($00 to $FF)
;;          to its HEX number encode as ASCII -  using a simple lookup table and print it on LCD
;;
bintohex:
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  tax
  lda hexascii,x
  jsr print_char
  pla
  and #$0f
  tax
  lda hexascii,x
  jsr print_char
  rts
 
hexascii: .byte "0123456789ABCDEF"

monitor_dev.s source code

monitor_dev.s

 
.localchar '@'
 
;.SEGMENT "ZEROPAGE"
.zeropage
 
DUMP_POINTER:     .res 2
FLAGS:            .res 1
TOGGLE_TIME:      .res 1
CLOCK_LAST:       .res 1
MESSAGE_POINTER:  .res 2
TICKS:            .res 4
CENTISEC:         .res 1
HUNDRED_HRS:      .res 1
TEN_HRS:          .res 1
HRS:              .res 1
TEN_MINUTES:      .res 1
MINUTES:          .res 1
TEN_SECONDS:      .res 1
SECONDS:          .res 1
MEM_POINTER:      .res 2
 
 
;.SEGMENT "BSS"
.bss
 
INKEY:            .res 1
ASCII:            .res 4
BYTE:             .res 2
TENS:             .res 1
HUNDREDS:         .res 1
HEX:              .res 2
HEXB:             .res 2
TEMP:             .res 1
TEMP2:            .res 1
 
.include "../includes/ioports.inc"
.include "../includes/lcd.inc"
.include "../includes/getkey.inc"
.include "../includes/functions.inc"
.include "../includes/rtc.inc"
 
 
.code
 
 
reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs
 
  cli      ; interrupts ON
 
  jsr via_1_init ; set-up VIA_1 for LCD/Keypad 
  jsr lcd_init ; set-up 4-bit mode 
  jsr lcd_start ; set-up various features of lcd 
 
init_variables:
  stz TICKS
  stz TICKS + 1
  stz TICKS + 2
  stz TICKS + 3
  stz DUMP_POINTER
  stz DUMP_POINTER + 1
  stz MESSAGE_POINTER
  stz MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  stz TOGGLE_TIME
  stz CLOCK_LAST
  stz CENTISEC
  stz FLAGS
  stz SECONDS
  stz TEN_SECONDS
  stz MINUTES
  stz HRS
  stz TEN_HRS
  stz TEN_MINUTES
  stz HUNDRED_HRS
  stz TEMP
  stz TEMP2
  stz TENS  
  stz MEM_POINTER
  stz MEM_POINTER + 1
 
 
 
;; test then clear RAM between 
;; $0200 - $3FFF - avoids the ZP and STACK areas
 
ram_clear:
  lda #$02            ; start at $0200
  sta MEM_POINTER + 1
  ldy #$00
loop_ram:
  lda #$AA
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  lda #$FF
  lda (MEM_POINTER),y
  cmp #$AA
  bne mem_fail_1
  lda #$55
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  lda #$FF
  lda (MEM_POINTER),y
  cmp #$55
  bne mem_fail_2
  lda #$00
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  iny
  beq next_page
  jmp loop_ram
next_page:
  lda MEM_POINTER + 1
  inc
  cmp #$40
  beq done_ram
  sta MEM_POINTER + 1
  jmp loop_ram
 
 
done_ram:
 
  lda #<mem_pass_msg
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_pass_msg
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print 
  smb5 FLAGS
  jmp loop
 
mem_fail_1:
  lda #<mem_fail_msg_1
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_fail_msg_1
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  jmp loop
 
mem_fail_2:
  lda #<mem_fail_msg_2
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_fail_msg_2
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  jmp loop
 
 
 
; go straight to MONITOR at startup
;  lda #<splash
;  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
;  lda #>splash
;  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
;  jsr new_address
 
; main loop
loop:
  wai
  jsr check_flags
  jmp loop
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;; FUNCTIONS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;
 
check_flags:
  bbs0 FLAGS, update_block_address
  bbs5 FLAGS, clock_time
  ; check other flags... other actions....
  rts
 
update_block_address:
  sec
  lda TICKS
  sbc TOGGLE_TIME
  cmp #$32
  bcc exit_update_block
  jsr block_address
  lda TICKS
  sta TOGGLE_TIME
 
exit_update_block:
  rts
 
 
clock_time:
 
  sec
  lda TICKS
  sbc CLOCK_LAST
  cmp #$32
  bcc exit_clock
 
  jsr lcd_cursor_off
 
  jsr lcd_home
 
  lda HUNDRED_HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda TEN_HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #':'
  jsr print_char
  lda TEN_MINUTES
  jsr bintoascii
  lda MINUTES
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #':'
  jsr print_char
  lda TEN_SECONDS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda SECONDS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
  lda TICKS
  sta CLOCK_LAST
exit_clock:
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      update screen when new memory location is selected
;;
;;
new_address:
 
  jsr lcd_clear
 
  jsr lcd_cursor_on
 
 
print_address:
  lda #'$'
  jsr print_char
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr bintohex
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  jsr bintohex
 
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
 
print_data:
 
  ldy #$00
 
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr bintohex
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr print_char
 
message_end:
  jsr print   ; add second line (cursor) after re-writing the top line
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; display 8 bytes of data for a "block" of memory
;;
;;
block_address:
 
  jsr lcd_clear
 
  ldy #$00
 
print_block_address:
  lda #'$'
  jsr print_char
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr bintohex
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  jsr bintohex
 
  jsr lcd_line_2
 
print_block:
 
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr bintohex
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  iny
  cpy #$08
  bne print_block
 
 
block_message_end:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; re-draw line 2 cursor
;;
;;
print:
 
  jsr lcd_line_2
 
  ldy #0
line1:
  lda (MESSAGE_POINTER),y
  beq end_print
  jsr print_char
  iny
  jmp line1
 
end_print:
 
  rts
 
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - decrement the selected address 
;;
;;
decrement_address:
 
  sec
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  sbc #$01
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sbc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
dec_ok:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - increment the selected address 
;;
;;
 
increment_address:
 
  clc
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  adc #$01
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  bcc inc_ok
  inc DUMP_POINTER + 1
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
inc_ok:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - increment the selected block of  addresses by 8 
;;
;;
 
increment_block:
  clc
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  adc #$08
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  adc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - decrement the selected block of  addresses by 8 
;;
;;
 
decrement_block:
 
  sec
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  sbc #$08
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sbc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;          use last 4 entered ASCII characters from the keypad and convert 
;;          them to TWO 8-bit binary bytes in RAM
;;
;;
ascii_byte:
 
  lda ASCII + 1
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  clc
  asl
  asl
  asl
  asl
  sta BYTE
 
  lda ASCII
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  ora BYTE
  sta BYTE
 
  lda ASCII + 3
  jsr ascii_bin
  clc
  asl
  asl
  asl
  asl
  sta BYTE + 1
 
  lda ASCII + 2
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  ora BYTE + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    toggle the display/update of Clock on each appropriate keypress
;;
show_clock:
 
  bbs5 FLAGS, reset_bit5
  smb5 FLAGS
  jmp exit_show_clock
 
reset_bit5:
 
  rmb5 FLAGS
 
exit_show_clock:
 
  rts
  ;jmp debounce
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    toggle the automatic update view of the "8-byte memory block"
;;
show_block:
 
  bbs0 FLAGS, reset_bit0
  smb0 FLAGS
  jmp exit_show_block
 
reset_bit0:
 
  rmb0 FLAGS
 
exit_show_block:
 
  rts
  ;jmp debounce
 
;debounce:
;  ldx #$ff
;  ldy #$ff
;delay:
;  nop
;  dex
;  bne delay
;  dey
;  bne delay
;  rts  
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; INTERRUPT HANDLERS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      CB1 : reset & restart timer
;;
 
cb1_handler:
  stz HUNDRED_HRS
  stz TEN_HRS
  stz TEN_MINUTES
  stz TEN_SECONDS
  stz HRS
  stz MINUTES
  stz SECONDS
 
  smb5 FLAGS
 
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;     CB2 : lap-time pause timer
;;
 
cb2_handler:
  jsr show_clock
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;                    MONITOR / KEYPAD 
;;
;;
 
keypad_handler:
 
  jsr get_key     ; READs from PORTA which also re-sets VIA's Interrupt flag
  sta INKEY       ; put the ASCII value of input into RAM ( $00 ) 
 
  lda PORTB_1       ; check for SHIFT/INSTRUCTION button
  and #%10000000
  beq check_keypress ; done this way to get around the limit in size of branch jumps....
  jmp handle_new_char
 
check_keypress:
  lda INKEY       
 
; choose action of "SHIFTed" key-press
check_a:
  cmp #'A'
  ; move up one memory address and display contents
  bne check_b     
  jsr increment_address
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_b:
  cmp #'B'
  ; move down one memory address and display contents
  bne check_c
  jsr decrement_address
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_c:
  cmp #'C'
  ; return to MONITOR
  bne check_d
  rmb5 FLAGS
  jsr lcd_clear
  lda #<splash
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>splash
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
 
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_d:
  cmp #'D'
  ; move monitor to entered 4-digit memory address
  bne check_e
  lda BYTE
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr new_address
  jsr print
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_e:
  cmp #'E'
  ; insert (POKE) byte of data in to current memory address, then increment to next address
  bne check_f
  lda BYTE
  ldy #$00
  sta (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr increment_address
  jsr new_address
  jsr print
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_f:
  cmp #'F'
  ; show 8-byte wide block of memory
  bne check_1
  ldy #$00
  lda BYTE
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_1:
  cmp #'1'
  ; show/auto-update clock
  bne check_3
  jsr lcd_clear
  lda #<emt
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>emt
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  smb5 FLAGS
 
  ;jsr show_clock
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_3:
  cmp #'3'
  bne check_6
  ldy #$00
  jsr increment_block
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_6:
  cmp #'6'
  bne check_9
  ldy #$00
  jsr decrement_block
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_9:
  cmp #'9'
  bne check_4
  jsr show_block
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_4:
  cmp #'4'
  bne check_5
  lda BYTE
  sta HEXB
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta HEXB + 1
  jsr byte_to_hex
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_5:
  cmp #'5'
  bne exit_key_irq
  jsr $3F00
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
 
handle_new_char:
  lda ASCII + 2
  sta ASCII + 3
  lda ASCII + 1
  sta ASCII + 2
  lda ASCII
  sta ASCII + 1
  lda INKEY       ; get the new ASCII keypress value and... 
  sta ASCII
  jsr print_char  ; and print it on LCD
 
  jsr ascii_byte  ; convert the rolling 4-byte ASCII character data into two binary bytes
 
exit_key_irq:
 
 
  jsr scan  ; re-enable keypad
 
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
nmi:
  rti
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    interrupt is triggered by HIGH edge on VIA CA1 pin
;;     PORTA low nibble (keypad columns) inputs are diode ORed to CA1
;;
 
irq:
; put registers on the stack while handling the IRQ
  pha
  phx
  phy
 
;  find responsible hardware
 
;  Is it VIA_1?
 
  lda IFR_1   ; if IFR_1 has Bit7 set (ie sign=NEGATIVE) then it IS the source of the interrupt
  bpl next_device ; if it's not set (ie sign=POSITIVE) then branch to test the next possible device
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; IFR Flags
;; B7  B6  B5  B4  B3  B2  B1  B0
;; IRQ TI1 TI2 CB1 CB2 SR CA1 CA2
;;
;; Interrupt source is found by sequentially shifting IFR bit left to put bit-of-interest into the CARRY place
;; and then branching based on whether CARRY is SET or not
;;
;; Only add tests for IRQ sources in use, and adjust the ASLs in each test as necessary
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
test_timer1:
  asl           ; shift IFR left twice puts the TI1 bit into CARRY....
  asl
  bcc test_cb1  ; carry clear = next test
  bit T1CL_1      ; clear not clear = handle the TIMER interrupt
  jsr rtc
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_cb1:
  asl
  asl
  bcc test_cb2
  bit PORTB_1
  jsr cb1_handler
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_cb2:
  asl
  bcc test_ca1
  bit PORTB_1
  jsr cb2_handler
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_ca1:
  asl           ; shift CA1 bit into the CARRY bit & test
  asl
  bcc exit_irq        ; carry clear = leave
  jsr keypad_handler  ; carry not clear = handle the CA1 interrupt (keypad)
  jmp exit_irq
 
 
next_device:
 
exit_irq:
  ply
  plx
  pla
 
 
  rti
 
emt: .asciiz "hhh mm ss  MET"
splash: .asciiz "cmon> "
error_message: .asciiz "Not Decimal"
mem_pass_msg: .asciiz "RAM Test Pass"
mem_fail_msg_1: .asciiz "RAM Test 1 Fail"
mem_fail_msg_2: .asciiz "RAM Test 2 Fail"
 
; Reset/IRQ vectors
 
.segment "VECTORS"
 
 
  .word nmi
  .word reset
  .word irq

ioports.inc

  .code
 
; VIA_1 Port addresses
VIA_1     = $6000
PORTB_1   = VIA_1
PORTA_1   = VIA_1 + 1
DDRB_1    = VIA_1 + 2
DDRA_1    = VIA_1 + 3
T1CL_1    = VIA_1 + 4
T1CH_1    = VIA_1 + 5
T1LL_1    = VIA_1 + 6
T1LH_1    = VIA_1 + 7
T2CL_1    = VIA_1 + 8
T2CH_1    = VIA_1 + 9
SR_1      = VIA_1 + 10
ACR_1     = VIA_1 + 11
PCR_1     = VIA_1 + 12
IFR_1     = VIA_1 + 13
IER_1     = VIA_1 + 14
PORTA_NO_HS_1 = VIA_1 + 15
 
; VIA_2 Port addresses
VIA_2     = $5000
PORTB_2   = VIA_2
PORTA_2   = VIA_2 + 1
DDRB_2    = VIA_2 + 2
DDRA_2    = VIA_2 + 3
T1CL_2    = VIA_2 + 4
T1CH_2    = VIA_2 + 5
T1LL_2    = VIA_2 + 6
T1LH_2    = VIA_2 + 7
T2CL_2    = VIA_2 + 8
T2CH_2    = VIA_2 + 9
SR_2      = VIA_2 + 10
ACR_2     = VIA_2 + 11
PCR_2     = VIA_2 + 12
IFR_2     = VIA_2 + 13
IER_2     = VIA_2 + 14
PORTA_NO_HS_2 = VIA_2 + 15
 
; VIA_3 Port addresses
VIA_3     = $4800
PORTB_3   = VIA_3
PORTA_3   = VIA_3 + 1
DDRB_3    = VIA_3 + 2
DDRA_3    = VIA_3 + 3
T1CL_3    = VIA_3 + 4
T1CH_3    = VIA_3 + 5
T1LL_3    = VIA_3 + 6
T1LH_3    = VIA_3 + 7
T2CL_3    = VIA_3 + 8
T2CH_3    = VIA_3 + 9
SR_3      = VIA_3 + 10
ACR_3     = VIA_3 + 11
PCR_3     = VIA_3 + 12
IFR_3     = VIA_3 + 13
IER_3     = VIA_3 + 14
PORTA_NO_HS_3 = VIA_3 + 15
 
; ACIA_1 Port Addresses
ACIA_1    = $4400
S_TXRX_1  = ACIA_1      ; TXD / RXD
S_STA_1   = ACIA_1 + 1  ; Status
S_COM_1   = ACIA_1 + 2  ; Command
S_CON_1   = ACIA_1 + 3  ; Control
 
 
via_1_init:
 
  lda #%01000000
  sta ACR_1
  lda #$0E
  sta T1CL_1
  lda #$27
  sta T1CH_1
 
  lda #%11011010  ; T1, CA1 active
  sta IER_1
 
  lda #$01  ;  CA1 active high-transition 
  sta PCR_1
 
  lda #%01111111 ; Set all pins on port B to output except BIT 7 which is used for "SHIFT/INSTRUCTION"  button
  sta DDRB_1
  lda #%11110000 ; Set low-nibble pins on port A to input and high-nibble pins to output, for keypad
  sta DDRA_1
 
  rts

lcd.inc

 
 
  .code
 
; LCD Command masks
E  = %01000000
RW = %00100000
RS = %00010000
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;
;;                              LCD Functions 
;;
;;
;;
 
lcd_start:
  lda #%00101000 ; Set 4-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font
  jsr lcd_instruction
  jsr lcd_entry_mode
  jsr lcd_cursor_off
  jsr lcd_clear
  rts
 
lcd_entry_mode:
  lda #%00000110 ; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_home:
  lda #%00000010 ; cursor HOME
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_clear:
  lda #%00000001 ; Clear display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_cursor_off:
  lda #%00001100 ; Display on; cursor off; blink off
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_cursor_on:
  lda #%00001111 ; Display on; cursor on; blink on
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_line_2:
  lda #%10101001
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_wait:
  pha
  lda #%01110000  ; LCD data is input (don't change MSB BIT7, it has to stay ZERO for SHIFT Button input)
  sta DDRB_1
lcdbusy:
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB_1
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTB_1
  lda PORTB_1     ; Read high nibble
  pha             ; and put on stack since it has the busy flag
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB_1
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTB_1
  lda PORTB_1       ; Read low nibble
  pla             ; Get high nibble off stack
  and #%00001000
  bne lcdbusy
 
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB_1
  lda #%01111111  ; LCD data is output (don't change MSB BIT7, it has to stay ZERO for SHIFT Buttion input)
  sta DDRB_1
  pla
  rts
 
lcd_init:
  lda #%00000010 ; Set 4-bit mode : DO ONCE AT POWER UP
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E
  sta PORTB_1
  and #%00001111
  sta PORTB_1
  rts
 
lcd_instruction:
  jsr lcd_wait
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr            ; Send high 4 bits
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB_1
  eor #E         ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB_1
  pla
  and #%00001111 ; Send low 4 bits
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB_1
  eor #E         ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB_1
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;   
;;        PRINT Characters on LCD - an ASCII value in Accumulator 
;;        is printed on the display
;;
 
print_char:
  jsr lcd_wait
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr             ; Send high 4 bits
  ora #RS         ; Set RS
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E          ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB_1
  eor #E          ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB_1
  pla
  and #%00001111  ; Send low 4 bits
  ora #RS         ; Set RS
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E          ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB_1
  eor #E          ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB_1
  rts

getkey.inc

 
  .code
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;
;;      READ THE 4x4 keypad using  VIA_1 PORTA 
;;
;;      Accumulator holds the ASCII value of the pressed key when it returns
;;
 
get_key:
readKeypad:
  ldx #$04        ; Row 4 - counting down
  ldy #%10000000  ;
ScanRow:
  sty PORTA_1
  lda PORTA_1
  and #%00001111  ; mask off keypad input - only low 4 (keypad column) bits are read
  cmp #$00
  bne Row_Found   ; non-zero means a row output has been connected via a switch to a column input
  dex             ; zero means it hasn't been found, so check next row down
  tya
  lsr
  tay
  cmp #%00001000
  bne ScanRow
  lda #$ff
  rts
Row_Found:
  stx TEMP ; store row
  ldy #$ff
FindCol:
  iny
  lsr
  bcc FindCol
  tya
  asl
  asl  ; col * 4
  clc
  adc TEMP ; add row 
  tax
  lda keypad_array,x
  rts
 
 
keypad_array: .byte "?DCBAF9630852E741"
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;  set ROW keypad outputs high as a source for triggering interrupt when a key is pressed
;;
;;
scan:
  ldy #%11110000
  sty PORTA_1
  rts

functions.inc

 
;.zeropage
;MESSAGE_POINTER = $20
;
;  .org $8000
  .code
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;          convert a binary number from Accumulator, in range 00000000 -> 11111111 ($00 to $FF)
;;          to its HEX number encode as ASCII -  using a simple lookup table and print it on LCD
;;
bintohex:
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  tax
  lda hexascii,x
  jsr print_char
  pla
  and #$0f
  tax
  lda hexascii,x
  jsr print_char
  rts
 
hexascii: .byte "0123456789ABCDEF"
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    convert a binary (hex) value in Accumulator into
;;    its ASCII equivalent character in decimal 0-99 and print it
;;    this converts hex/binary numbers from the RTC into human readable
;;    decimal for display on clock
 
 
bintoascii:
 
  cmp #10
  bmi single_figure
  asl
  tax
  lda binascii,x
  jsr print_char
 
  inx
 
  lda binascii,x
  jsr print_char
  rts
 
single_figure:
  asl
  tax
  inx
  lda binascii,x
  jsr print_char
  rts
 
 
binascii: .byte "00010203040506070809"
          .byte "10111213141516171819"
          .byte "20212223242526272829"
          .byte "30313233343536373839"
          .byte "40414243444546474849"
          .byte "50515253545556575859"
          .byte "60616263646566676869"
          .byte "70717273747576777879"
          .byte "80818283848586878889"
          .byte "90919293949596979899"
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Convert a decimal number entered at keypad into its
;;      HEX equivalent and display
;;
 
byte_to_hex:
 
  jsr lcd_clear
  lda HEXB + 1
  and #$0f
  jsr bintohex
  lda HEXB
  jsr bintohex
  lda #'d'
  jsr print_char
  lda #'='
  jsr print_char
  lda #'$'
  jsr print_char
 
  lda HEXB ; lo byte
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  cmp #10
  bpl error
  jsr mult10
  sta TENS
  pla
  and #%00001111 ; UNITS
  cmp #10
  bpl print_error
;  jsr mult10
  clc
  adc TENS
  sta HEX
 
  lda HEXB + 1 ; hi byte
  and #%00001111
  cmp #10
  bpl print_error
  jsr mult10
  jsr mult10 ; hundreds
  adc HEX
 
  jsr bintohex
  jmp exit_byte_to_hex
 
error:
  pla
print_error:
  lda #<error_message
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>error_message
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  ;jsr lcd_cursor_off
  rts
 
exit_byte_to_hex:
  jsr lcd_line_2
 
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;  (A * 8) + (A * 2) = A * 10 
 
mult10:
  pha
  asl
  asl
  asl
  sta TEMP2 ; A*8
  pla
  asl      ; A*2
  adc TEMP2 ; A*10
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; Convert the encoded ASCII character representing a hex digit to its actual binary value.
;;
;; e.g. Letter "A" in ASCII is $41 (0100001) but its "numerical" value as a hex digit is 
;; 10 ($0A = 10d = %00001010). 
;; 
;; We convert "A" in ASCII ($41) to a byte of numerical value 10 by subtracting $37
;; $41 - $37 = $0A (in decimal 65 - 55 = 10) and the result is a byte 00001010
;; The same is done for all characters representing upper case letters.
;;
;; Numbers are handled differently according to their place on the ASCII table.
;;
;; The ASCII representation of "9" is $39 (00111001) and to get a byte with a value of 9 we can simply
;; AND it with a mask of 00001111 to save only the lower 4 bits.
;;
 
ascii_bin:
  clc
  cmp #$41
  bmi ascii_bin_num   ; a CMP with $41, from a number character ($30 - $39), will set the negative flag
                      ; and the conversion is done by ANDing with $0F
 
ascii_bin_letter:    ; otherwise treat as a letter (A -> F) and the conversion is done by
  clc                ; subtracting $37
  sec
  sbc #$37
  jmp end_ascii_bin
 
ascii_bin_num:
  and #%00001111
 
end_ascii_bin:      ; Accumulator holds the numerical version of the ASCII character supplied
  rts

rtc.inc

 
 
 
 
  .code
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;                          RTC / Jiffy Tick
;;
 
 
 
rtc:
 
 
;;  RTC stores ticks at 10ms intervals into a 4-byte (32 bit) value
;;
;;  as each byte rolls over the next one is incremented
;;  on a tick that doesn't roll over the TIME OF DAY 
;;  is updated
 
  inc TICKS
  bne inc_MET
  inc TICKS + 1
  bne inc_MET
  inc TICKS + 2
  bne inc_MET
  inc TICKS + 3
 
;;
;;  Every time it's called we increment the "hundredths of a second" byte
;;
;;  When there's been 100 x 10ms (i.e. 1 second) we increment the seconds
;;
;;  When SECONDS reaches 60 we increment MINUTES and reset SECONDS to zero...
;;  etc... for HOURS, DAYS etc.
;;
;;  days/months years are handled too - although probably moot
;;
;;  this routine comes from http://wilsonminesco.com/6502interrupts/#2.1
;;
inc_MET:
  inc CENTISEC
  lda CENTISEC
  cmp #100
  bmi end_MET
  stz CENTISEC
 
  inc SECONDS
  lda SECONDS
  cmp #10
  bmi end_MET
  stz SECONDS
  inc TEN_SECONDS
 
  lda TEN_SECONDS
  cmp #6
  bmi end_MET
  stz TEN_SECONDS
 
  inc MINUTES
  lda MINUTES
  cmp #10
  bmi end_MET
  stz MINUTES
 
  inc TEN_MINUTES
  lda TEN_MINUTES
  cmp #6
  bmi end_MET
  stz TEN_MINUTES
 
  inc HRS
  lda HRS
  cmp #10
  bmi end_MET
  stz HRS
 
  inc TEN_HRS
  lda TEN_HRS
  cmp #10
  bmi end_MET
  stz TEN_HRS
 
  inc HUNDRED_HRS
 
end_MET:
  rts

— John Pumford-Green 05/09/22 14:23

Further Information

Damasko DA36

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Watches

Damasko DA36

Bought Date	25/10/2016
Bought From	Damasko, Germany
Price	€1796
Movement	ETA2836-2 : 25 Jewels, Automatic, Day/Date, 28,800vph
Serial Number	DA36-1981
Anti-magnetic	80,000A/m,1000 Gauss
Water Resistance	100m
Strap	Damasko Steel Bracelet

The DA36

I see this watch as a modern version of Rolex's Milgauss - tough with the same level of Magnetic Resistance as the original Milgauss (1000 Gauss). The original anti-magnetic engineer's watch from Rolex wasn't the multi-thousands-of-pounds bauble they sell today.

Originally Rolex produced relatively expensive, but still affordable, tool-watches.

Unlike the Veblen Goods they churn out today.

Damasko's original and iconic watch, the DA36, is something akin to an early Rolex. Not cheap, but also not ridiculously over-priced. It has no obvious external frills, but has plenty of technology inside to justify the price and to add functional value.

I often ponder whether I'd buy a Milgauss if I could afford the £7000+ price tag. And now I've lived with the DA36 for almost 6 years I don't know that I would. My watch is now my watch. Why swap for another expensive toy?

Damasko have recently re-configured their range of watches and dropped the DA36, and most of the others from their early years of production, as they move upwards, into making higher price watches with in-house movements, rather than using off-the-shelf ETA units.

I'd love a DA36 to appear with the in-house movement, but I don't know that this is going to happen.

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 17:45

The DA36 has now reappeared - as the DK36 with the new in-house A26-3 movement.

DK36 at Damasko

My watch developed a fault after a couple of years but this was easily repaired by Damasko. I might have introduced the fault myself after opening it up a few times to regulate it - perhaps I let in some dirt that found its way to the escapement and caused some abrasion?

I don't know.

It's now working perfectly well after 2½ years of continuous daily wear. I only take it off to have a bath/shower and (usually) to sleep, and very rarely if I need to squeeze my left hand into a tight space when working on cars, Land Rovers or transmitters. I don't think I've let it run down since the repair in December 2019.

The Milgauss

A modern Milgauss for comparison. There's not a lot of aesthetic similarity, the modern Milgauss is quite gaudy, with its green sapphire crystal and shiny dial.

The 1960's version ref. 1019 (not the original submariner style with a timing bezel) looks more workmanlike and is the one I'd go for if I had the money. When I last looked a birth year 1966 Milgauss fetches around £22,000…. so I'll stick with my DA36 and let it age with me.

The Damasko Steel Bracelet

The DA36 was bought with the Damasko steel bracelet and initially I was happy with it.

It is super-engineered. Each link, of ice hardened bead-blasted steel to match the watch's case, is fixed with strong torx secured pivot pins. The whole bracelet can be dismantled for cleaning. It's very strong, very well designed and very well made.

After time though the lack of adjustment (even with the two supplied “long” links) meant it became difficult to find a good comfortable fit.

The DA36 was then worn mostly on the Damasko leather strap or a variety of NATO straps, including some elastic MN types, which are certainly very comfortable.

The steel bracelet was sold in 2017, to someone in the USA, after I decided I couldn't get on with it.

Following the appearance of the rate-error fault in 2018, I switched to my Seiko SKX007 on a Strapcode Oyster steel bracelet, and liked it so much I decided to buy another Damasko steel bracelet for the DA36, and to request a set of additional adjustment links to allow more variation in size. The longer links can be bought in sets of 2 pairs, which along with the 2 pairs that come with the bracelet, allow a smooth adjustment in tiny steps, almost matching the difference made by adding or removing a normal link.

The new bracelet and links were bought in November 2019.

This allowed the use of up to 5 ¹⁾ adjustment links to step smoothly between the jump in one normal link. A good fit was obtained with 3 or 4 added long links. After some time I found I could wear the bracelet with no adjustment links, my wrist settled to a size that suited a whole number of normal links, but I have the option of a good range of adjustment, if things should change in future.

I occasionally put a NATO strap on, but it rarely stays for more than a day or two before the pull of the super-strong super-engineered bracelet wins out.

[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2025-03-09] ~~add some photos of the DA36~~

Watch-u-seek threads

A Year On the Wrist

Damasko Pics.....

History

Bought : 25/10/16 Arrived : 2/11/16

Initial Rate Tests

First 20 Days : Δ +11.4s -> +0.6s/d

Watchcheck data etc ....

Month	Δ / s	Average Rate s/d
Nov 2016	+19.2	+0.7
Dec 2016	+28.0	+1.2
Jan 2017	+50.2	+1.4
Feb 2017	+7.4	+0.2
Mar 2017	+6.9	+0.3
Apr 2017	-1.3	0.0
May 2017	-47.4	-1.4
Jun 2017	-43.4	-1.6
Jul 2017	-79.4	-2.6
Aug 2017	-84.3	-2.7
Sep 2017	-67.5	-3.9

First Regulation after 12 months

18/12/17	+22.0	-2.3
19/12/17	+20.9	-1.1		__1st attempt to regulate → __
20/12/17	+22.1	+4.0		after regulation and dial-down overnight
21/12/17	+22.5	+0.4		dial-up overnight (usual position)
22/12/17	+22.7	+0.1		regulation seems to have corrected rate error
23/12/17	+22.3	-0.4		time reset to -0.3 s

Second Regulation

19/01/18	-11.0	-2.2
20/01/18	-16.1	-5.1		???
21/01/18	-19.2	-3.0		??
22/01/18	-22.2	-3.7		regulated later in day to attempt to correct recent -ve rate
23/01/18	-22.1	+0.8		timegrapher showed odd spells of low amplitude.
24/01/18	-20.5	+1.5

Third Regulation

05/03/18	+24.1	+5.8
06/03/18	+31.9	+8.1
07/03/18	+37.2	+5.4
08/03/18	+44.6	+6.9		__Regulated for 3rd time__ to reduce rate.
09/03/18	+44.4	-0.1
10/03/18	+42.8	-1.6		too far?

Fourth Regulation

21/03/18	+18.4	-0.9
22/03/18	+17.7	-0.7
23/03/18	+13.8	-4.1		__regulated for 4th time__ to increase rate
24/03/18	+13.2	-0.5
25/03/18	+12.6	-0.6		reset to DST. -0.7s
26/03/18	+0.3	+1.2
27/03/18	+0.5	+0.2

Fault apparent

29/08/18	-5.7	-2.1
30/08/18	-36.3	-31.4		????? Massive loss in one day!!!

Rate and amplitude errors v. bad on Timegrapher.

Watch put aside and not worn, until October 2019!!

Worn again after 12 months

10/11/19	-11.9	-2.4		dial down overnight
11/11/19	-14.1	-2.3		dial up overnight. Low amp. observed during the previous day?
12/11/19	-16.2	-2.2		Overnight on winder. Low amp. observed during the previous day
13/11/19	-18.6	-2.3		overnight on winder. being consistent day → day despite amplitude concerns.
14/11/19	-21.0	-2.3		overnight on winder.

Fault Re-appears

New period - fault re-appearing

14/11/19	-32.6	-44.9 		(21:04:32) on winder for previous hour. 2 seconds lost.    	      
15/11/19	-45.2	-19.5  		(17:36:45) on TG since 06:30.... variable amp. & poor rate

2019 Repair Details

Sent to Damasko for inspection and repair : 18/11/19

Damasko confirm fault as

After checking it our watchmaker told us that there is many abrasion in the movement.

Repair details

Cleaning, and oiling the escapement

Regulate DA36.1981 €120

Shipping costs UK €50

Total amount €170

Returned from Damasko : 14/12/19

Fault now absent

Performance after repair

Timegrapher Check 20/11/20

After 11 months of daily wear

Pos	Amp	Rate
Dial Up	321	+8
Dial Down	290	+6
6H	278	+2
3H	283	+2
9H	295	+5
12H	302	+4
Ave	(294)	+4
D		-6

Timegrapher Check 19/12/21

2 Years after repair. Worn Daily

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	321	+5
D dn	308	+3
6H	305	+2
3H	306	+1
9H	291	+1
12H	303	0
Ave	(305)	+2
D		-3

Timegrapher Check 18/1/22

Still wearing daily

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	313	+2
D dn	316	+1
6H	296	+1
3H	292	0
9H	278	0
12H	286	0
Ave	(297)	+1
D		-1

Watchcheck 2022

Start	Stop	Average
1/1/22	1/2/22	+0.9
1/2/22	1/3/22	+1.2
1/3/22	27/3/22	+0.3
27/3/22	17/5/22	-1.0
17/5/22	22/5/22	-2.1

Rate is now dropping after 2½ years of daily wear. Will monitor and wait for rate to exceed manufacturer's specification before sending for service/regulation.

See dedicated page Repair and Service 2022

Timegrapher Check 22/5/22

A morning and afternoon test to compare readings of different levels of power.

Time : 10:15
- After overnight Dial Up

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	299	-3
D dn	300	-1
6H	277	-4
3H	272	-4
9H	269	-3
12H	277	-4
Ave	(282)	-3.3
D		-1

Time : 15:45
- worn for 7 hours

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	317	+1
D dn	307	+3
6H	289	-1
3H	302	0
9H	301	0
12H	299	-1
Ave	(303)	+0.3
D		-2

Update May 2022

I've owned the DA36 now for over 5 years. After the repair, and getting the 2^nd bracelet, it's rarely off my wrist. I'll occasionally wear another watch (typically a Casio GW-M5610) on my right wrist.

The DA36 stays on the left.

The ice-hardened steel is very resistant to scratching or other marks. After 5 years I can see some slight blemishes - just signs of an active life. The bracelet has more marks than the watch case itself - links rub against each other and the bracelet is more likely to be rubbed against hard surfaces than the watch - and as time goes by it slowly (very slowly) starts to look less like a new watch and more like a tool watch.

There are marks on the bezel, and on the bracelet end-link, at the 12 o'clock position, I guess I caught it on something abrasive at some time…. more wabi-sabi

The hardened steel, and matte bead-blasted finish, mean that there is no slow development of a general swirly patina. A scratch shows up, in the right light, as a shiny area of un-bead-blasted reflective steel. It's just the characteristic of the material. I wonder what it'll look like in another 10 years?

Time Keeping performance

Still well within COSC standards ( -4 / +6 ) at around -2s/d as of May 2022. Rolex now guarantee their watches to run better than COSC, at ±2 s/d. My DA36 has been within this range for the last few years, and is only now starting to fall outside that range. It may wander back towards zero over time. Who knows how all the different variables inter-react to make up the overall rate error, and how they vary with time?

Time Grapher 23/5/22

Pos	Amp	Rate
Dial Up	316	+2
Dial Down	315	+4
6H	283	-2
3H	288	-1
9H	288	0
12H	288	0
Ave	(299)	+0.5
D		-4

Quick shot on the TimeGrapher…

Photos

On a Marine-Nationale Green/Yellow NATO

— John Pumford-Green 31/05/22 12:54

A change from the super-tough steel bracelet.

New WatchGecko NATO

— John Pumford-Green 05/06/22 17:25

https://www.watchgecko.com/watchgecko-signature-nato-strap-olive-green

Page created Sun May 22 00:25:30 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

watch, damasko

¹⁾

yes, I've actually got 5 pairs in total, can't remember the details of how this happened!

DM41X Matrix

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 08 Feb 2026 08:26:58 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X Matrix

Matrix functions in the Advantage Pac

Background

The matrix functionality isn't a standalone program, with a menu, like CFIT and PLY.

It's a collection of individual programs that can be used for many matrix tasks. Each one has to be called individually as needed.

There are many commands, the most used are those for

Dimensioning a new matrix MATDIM
Editing a matrix to enter values - there are 2 versions
- Real Matrix MEDIT
- Complex Matrix CMEDIT
Inverting a matrix MINV
Transposing a matrix TRNPS
Finding the determinant MDET
Multiplying two matrices together M*M
Solving a system of equations defined by 2 matrices MSYS

Shortcuts to Matrix Commands

To make things easier it's best to use the DM41X CST custom command shortcut mechanism.

Start with a blank CST and add the commands you need. Then save this CST so that it's easy to switch to other CST setups, and then return to the Matrix setup later.

I have the following

A	`MATDIM`	I
B	`MEDIT`	J
C	`CMEDIT`	K
D	`MINV`	L
E	`M*M`	M	`ZK?YN`
F	`MDET`	N	`EMDIR`
G	`TRNPS`	O	`EMDIRX`
H	`MSYS`	P	`PURFL`

Matrices are saved in Extended Memory, and I put commands in CST to find and remove them once I'm finished: EMDIR, EMDIRX and PURFL and I have ZK?YN to quickly access DM41X 41z Module complex number functions (assuming the module is plugged-in).

Basic Workflow

All matrix addressing is done via the ALPHA register

Dimension a new Matrix

Put the name of the matrix in the ALPHA register.
- Use single letters A, B, C etc. - these will create the matrix in Extended Memory
- ALPHA A ALPHA
Put the dimensions in the X register
- this is in the form r.ccc with 3 decimal places for the column
- for a 3×3 : 3.003 (3 rows, 3 columns)
- for a 4×2 : 4.002 (4 rows, 2 columns)
- 3.003
  - puts the dimensions in the X register ready for MATDIM to assign to the matrix named in ALPHA
Execute the MATDIM command from the CST menu A
- CST A
- This creates matrix A in extended memory

Populate a new Matrix

Populate the matrix with values using MEDIT from the CST menu B

For a 3×3 matrix

| 1 1 -1 | | 4 6 6 | | 1 8 9 |

CST B
1:1= 1R/S
1:2= 1R/S
1:3= 1CHSR/S
2:1= 4R/S
2:2= 6R/S
2:3= 6R/S
3:1= 1R/S
3:2= 8R/S
3:3= 9R/S

Determinant

With A still in the ALPHA register use the MDET command from the CST menu F

CST F
-50.000

Matrix A will now be in LU Decomposition form.
It can be used in this form for some other functions, but it's possible to get it back to normal form by Inverting twice using MINV from CST menu D
- CST D
- CST D
- You can check the element values by using MEDIT again, but just cycling through each with R/S and not changing any values
  - it's possible to set flag 08 which prevents any changes to values

Multiplication

Using M*M

For matrix multiplication you need 3 matrix definitions:

Matrix A and Matrix B are the two matrices to be multiplied
- Matrix A and Matrix B are dimensioned with MATDIM and populated with MEDIT
Matrix C is the matrix to hold the result
- Matrix C is simply dimensioned with MATDIM and will be filled automatically by the function M*M

To multiply two matrices together they must have the correct dimensions

Columns in A must equal Rows in B
Results matrix C will have the dimensions Rows of A x Columns of B

Create Matrix A

Follow the same procedure as above.

Make sure ALPHA has only the letter A

A different numerical example

A will be a 3×2 matrix

use MATDIM via CST menu
- 3.002 CSTA

| 2 3 | | 4 5 | | 7 6 |

Use MEDIT via CST menu
- CST B
- 1:1= 2R/S
- 1:2= 3R/S
- 2:1= 4R/S
- 2:2= 5R/S
- 3:1= 7R/S
- 3:2= 6R/S

Create Matrix B

B will be a 2×2 matrix

Make sure ALPHA only has B and then dimension B with MATDIM from CST menu A

ALPHA B ALPHA
2.002 CSTA

| 2 3 | | 4 5 |

* Use MEDIT via CST menu

CST B
1:1= 2R/S
1:2= 3R/S
2:1= 4R/S
2:2= 5R/S

We now have defined the matrices to be multiplied together.

Create Matrix C

We need a results matrix C

The dimensions of C will be rows of A and columns of B which is 3 rows and 2 columns : 3.002

Make sure ALPHA only has C and dimension C with MATDIM from CST menu A

ALPHA C ALPHA
3.002 CSTA

That's enough to create the results matrix

Multiply the matrices

Put the matrix names in ALPHA in the form Matrix 1,Matrix2,Results Matrix
- ALPHA = A,B,C
ALPHA A , B , CALPHA
Execute M*M from the CST menu
- CST E
C will now hold the answer

View the result

Put C in the ALPHA register
ALPHA C ALPHA
Use MEDIT from the CST menu and cycle through the elements (it's a 3×2 matrix)
CST B
- 1:1= 16.000? R/S
- 1:2= 21.000? R/S
- 2:1= 28.000? R/S
- 2:2= 37.000? R/S
- 3:1= 38.000? R/S
- 3:2= 51.000? R/S

The result in C is

| 16 21 | | 28 37 | | 38 51 |

System of Equations

A simple example first

Set of Equations

3 unknowns

3x + 4y + 6z = 39.7 2x - 4y - 3z = -7.0 y + 8z = 63.4

Matrix representation

Matrix A

| 3 4 6 | | 2 -4 -3 | | 0 1 8 |

Dimensions 3.003

Matrix B

| 39.7 | | -7.0 | | 63.4 |

Dimensions 3.001

Simultaneous Equations represented in Matrix Form

|A| x |C| = |B| | 3 4 6 | | x | | 39.7 | | 2 -4 -3 | x | y | = | -7.0 | | 0 1 8 | | z | | 63.4 |

Create Matrix A

ALPHA A ALPHA
3.003 CST A (MATDIM)
CST B (MEDIT)
- 1:1= 3 R/S
- 1:2= 4 R/S
- 1:3= 6 R/S
- 2:1= 2 R/S
- 2:2= 4 CHS R/S
- 2:3= 3 CHS R/S
- 3:1= 0R/S
- 3:2= 1R/S
- 3:3= 8R/S

Create Matrix B

ALPHA B ALPHA
3.001 CST A (MATDIM)
CST B (MEDIT)
- 1:1= 39.7 R/S
- 2:1= 7 CHS R/S
- 3:1= 63.4 R/S

Run MSYS

Put A,B in ALPHA
- ALPHA A , B ALPHA
Run MSYS - the solution matrix for x, y and z will be placed in Matrix B
- CST H

Examine Matrix B

Put B in ALPHA
- ALPHA B ALPHA
Run MEDIT from CST menu
- CST B (MEDIT)
  - 1:1= 1.500 'R/S/
  - 2:1= -3.800 R/S
  - 3:1= 8.400 'R/S

The solution

x = 1.5 y = -3.8 z = 8.4

Matrix A

A is now in LU-decomposed format
It can be restored to normal by Inverting Twice
Put A in ALPHA
Run MINV via CST menu twice
- CST D CST D
A is now back to normal and can be inspected and edited by MEDIT via the CST menu

Another way to solve a system

Instead of the MSYS function you could do it manually by entering Matrix A and Matrix B, and define Matrix C such that

A X C = B

C = B / A

C = A* X B where A* is Inverse A

Create Matrix C with dimensions 3.001 in the usual way then and do:

Put A in ALPHA
Invert A using MINV from CST menu (A is replaced by its inverse)
Put A,B,C in ALPHA
Multiply using M*M
- this multiplies B by the inverse of A which is effectively dividing B by the original A
C now contains the solutions for x, y and z
Put C in ALPHA
Examine C with MEDIT
- 1:1= 1.500 R/S
- 2:1= -3.800 R/S
- 3:1= 8.400 R/s
This preserves B unlike the MSYS method.
The Inverse of A can be reversed by repeating MINV with A in ALPHA
We can even run M*M on A and C to re-create B
- Put A,C,B in ALPHA
- Run M*M from CST menu
- B will be re-created

The Complex Matrix

It is possible to define, edit and carry out operations with matrices containing Complex Numbers.

The matrix is defined with twice as many rows and columns as appears necessary, and edited with the function CMEDIT, in CST menu C

Example Definition

| 1+j2 5+j6 | | 3+j4 7+j8 |

Two rows and two columns 2×2 containing complex numbers, so the definition/dimension is 4.004

The numbers are actually saved as if in a larger real matrix as

| 1 -2 5 -6 | | 2 1 6 5 | | 3 -4 7 -8 | | 4 3 8 7 |

The entry is via CMEDIT via CST menu C, which asks for each Real and Imaginary part in turn

ALPHA A ALPHA
4.004 CST A
CST C
- RE. 1:1= 1 R/S
- IM. 1:1= 2 R/S
- RE. 1:2= 5 R/S
- IM. 1:2= 6 R/S
- RE. 2:1= 3 R/S
- IM. 2:1= 4 R/S
- RE. 2:2= 7 R/S
- IM. 2:2= 8 R/S

Multiplication of Complex Matrices

Create a second matrix

Matrix B of size 2×1 which can be multiplied by A as A x B

| 3+j4 | | 2+j6 |

Dimension second matrix

This is dimensioned as double the basic size of 2×1 : 4.002 and then populated with CMEDIT

ALPHA B ALPHA
4.002 CST A
CST C
- RE. 1:1= 3 R/S
- IM. 1:1= 4 R/S
- RE. 2:1= 2 R/S
- IM. 2:1= 6 R/S

Create a result matrix

Matrix 'C' which will be also be a 2×1 complex with dimension :4.002

ALPHA C ALPHA
4.002 CST A

Multiply A X B = C

ALPHA A , B , C ALPHA
CST E

Inspect Result Matrix C

ALPHA C
CST C
- RE. 1:1= -31.000 R/S
- IM. 1:1= 52.000 R/S
- RE. 2:1= -41.000 R/S
- IM. 2:1= 82.000 R/S

The result matrix is therefore

| -31+j52 | | -41+j82 |

Which agrees with my long-hand calculation (thanks to DM41X 41z Module )

|(1+j2).(3+j4) + (5+j6).(2+j6)| |(3+J4).(3+J4) + (7+J8).(2+J6)|

| (-5+j10) + (-26+j42) | | (-7+j24) + (-34+j58) |

| -31+j52 | | -41+j82 |

Systems of Complex Equations....

Once you can enter and manipulate Complex Matrices you can also use MSYS to solve systems with complex matrices in the same way as usual - the only difference is entering the matrices as Complex.

Clearing Up Extended Memory

After creating and manipulating (and some finger trouble) there will be a bunch of files in Extended Memory.

Most will be simple matrix definitions with obvious names A, B, C etc. but occasionally you'll accidentally have run MATDIM with some nonsense in the ALPHA register and created a nonsensical filename in extended memory, which it's tricky to spell out correctly in ALPHA in order to run PURLF - this is where EMDIRX comes in.

To simplify clearing up I include EMDIR, EMDIRX and PURFL in the CST menu.

Assuming you have other files in Extended Memory, the quickest way is to find the number of files in EM with EMDIR.

Run EMDIR from CST menu
- CST N
Count the files to find the number of the first file you've created using MATDIM - i.e. the first one after your other EM files
Put this number in x
Run EMDIRX from CST menu
- CST O
- this puts the name of the specified-numbered file in ALPHA and means you don't have to type it in yourself
Run PURFL from CST menu to delete this filename
- CST P
Run EMDIRX again (with the same number in X)
- If X returns as non-zero we've found another junk-matrix file in EM and ALPHA will have its name
- Run PURFL again
Keep doing this until EMDIRX returns 0.00 in X which means there are no more files to delete
- all your original files are still safe, as they are numbered below the number we were searching for

Further Information

calculator, dm41x

QSO Logging

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:15:51 +0000

←Radio Topics

QSO Logging

2023 Logging setup

Paper Logbook

I've always (when I remember) used a Paper Logbook for CW and SSB contacts. I'm on the third book after starting the 1st one in March 1983.

I usually don't (but sometimes do) log Digimode QSOs on paper, as fldigi has its own ADIF logbook. However I've moved/installed/upgraded/deleted various fldigi installations on so many different PCs that I've actually lost all the logs anyway. I've recently started logging all QSOs in the paper logbook. There's no chance of “accidentally deleting” a real, paper logbook, after all.

Update July 2023

I initially started to make notes of each day's activity and QSOs here, in the wiki
This became a chore, too many separate things to do during/after a QSO
I ditched the wiki-diary idea but want to have more of a record of QSOs, and other notes on condx etc. than a simple one line entry in the logbook
I started keeping a paper “journal” - basically a more carefully created scratch-pad - with entries being done during the QSO - my notes done at the time.
The left hand page of the spread is a scribble/rough notes area and the right hand page of the spread has notes of activity, CQs made, CQs replied to, QSOs, callsigns, propagation data (SFI, A, K etc), beacons heard, anything really.
I still add an entry to both paper logbook and Xlog, but they don't need too much additional detail, as it's all in the “journal”

Electronic Logs

I've tried various PC based log systems over the years. A few years ago I had a major project to add all the old data from my paper logs into an electronic log - I think I used “logger32” on a windows PC. I started from August 2003, the date I re-activated my dormant interest in amateur radio, and I built my Elecraft K1.

I count this as “day zero” of my current radio incarnation.

I could then export the ADIF file and could use it to “pre-populate” any new log system I fancied trying.

I now use xlog on my shack's old Linux laptop. It has all the QSO data from August 2003 to the present (except most Digimode QSOs) and I continue to use xlog in parallel with a good old fashioned paper logbook.

I have also discovered that fldigi will automatically add each logged QSO to Xlog, if they are running on the same machine, which means I can now ensure my digimode QSOs are recorded alongside my CW and SSB QSOs.

As of August 26th 2023 I no longer keep an electronic log.

I have ceased LOTW uploads. QSLs are now direct only if anyone wants/needs confirmation of a QSO

LOTW

While I was adding all my historical QSO data to an electronic log I decided to “join” the ARRL Logbook Of The World and add my QSO data. I did it in various stages, but I think I've now got all my QSO records uploaded to LOTW. This is mainly to assist others in their paper chasing goals, as I'm not generally interested in getting QSLs in order to claim awards (I've only got 84 DXCC “confirmed” on LOTW for “Mixed”, with 65 in Phone and 65 in CW). If my uploads allow other people to reach targets, without me needing to write and post physical QSL cards, then it's easy enough to oblige with LOTW. I had to download the sourcecode and compile the latest version of TQSL from the ARRL website to run on Linux. I forget how I got the necessary certificates from ARRL….

Club Log

~~I created a ClubLog account and I also upload my ADIF exports at regular intervals. I embed the “last 30” QSOs on my qrz.com page.~~

Update July 2023

I decided it's too cumbersome, and with no obvious benefit, to upload ADIF files to ClubLog as well as to LOTW
- ClubLog has no purpose, really, for me at the moment

Update August 28 2023

I have decided to drop ALL computer logging
- this means no LOTW either
I want a simpler radio shack, without reliance on computer for logging or any other purpose.
Logging : paper log book
Notes : on paper in separate “diary” made during QSO - these can be dated and kept as a reference
- Notes on radio setup, antennas, beacons etc., solar conditions etc. are in the same “diary” - as a record of day to day activity alongside any QSOs etc.
No RBN checking, no QRZ.COM checking.
Re-start card-index of stations worked, if not too time-consuming?

Workflow

~~start flrig & ensure correct communication with IC-7200~~
~~start fldigi & ensure it controls the IC-7200 via flrig~~
~~start xlog & ensure it shows the correct radio frequency (when the freq. log button is pressed)~~
have QSOs in ~~fldigi or~~ CW and log in paper logbook ~~as appropriate~~
~~export log ADIF file from xlog - selecting the latest QSO numbers, rather than the whole log~~
~~use TQSL to sign and upload this latest ADIF export to my LOTW account<?del> * <del>use the ClubLog website to upload this latest ADIF export to my CLubLog account~~

— John Pumford-Green 19/06/23 12:55

Further Information

Radio Update - QRP etc

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 09:05:14 +0000

Radio Update - QRP etc

After setting up a basic station in the small “office” - just one rig and my keys - I decided to make a “real” hamshack with more radios, some tools, test equipment etc.

I added two shelves above the desk to hold radios, PSUs, 'scope, tools etc. I've now got a “one-desk shack” that can be used for operating on air and building & repairing equipment (on a small scale)

I found that the stock mic for my FT891 was faulty - the mic element is open-circuit - so I bought a Heil HMM fist mic and spent some time setting up the EQ for a reasonable “communications” quality audio. I'm not naturally a 'phone operator, so I'll not be having lots of “ragchew” QSOs, and “communications quality” is all I'm aiming for - to be audible - not quite as extreme as a Clansman but with enough HF emphasis, and enough compression to cut through the noise.

I though briefly about limiting myself to SSB for a few months, to get used to talking on the radio, but that's NEVER going to happen.

The QMX

Then I found a box with an unbuilt QRPLabs "QMX" kit! I'd bought it in August 2023, and hadn't built it. I have a QCX-mini for 40m and it's a great little radio, and I thought the QMX would be the next obvious step. Then I forgot about it.

So, on Saturday I got the box, opened it. Printed out the Assembly Manual. Watched Hans's You Tube video highlighting the pitfalls. And got started.

The first thing was to check if my early (Rev 1) board has the “Power Board Short” issue - and it did - so I got out my hot-air station and moved the MOSFET a mm or two to remove the short.

Then down to business…. building.

I did it all in one day, with the occasional break for food, dog walk, etc….. The most challenging thing was winding the 2 binocular ferrite transformers - the PA output transformer and the SWR brigge transformer. The “normal” toroid cores were all straightforward.

I built it for 9V operation (this determines the form of the PA output transformer).

I worked first time. Which is amazing given the small size and relatively dense component layout.

On a PSU set for 9V I get at least 5W on all bands. I made a string of 4 x 1N4001 diodes to drop ~2.4V and powered it from the normal shack supply. And used the handy config option “Limit PA Volts” to set a limit of 9.5V. This gives a comfortable 5W on all bands without any risk of overheating the finals etc.

I've used it on WSPR - both via WSJT-X and using the internal standalone WSPR Beacon mode.

I upgraded to the current beta firmware 1_04_002 and the main change seems to be the removal of the Beacon mode and its replacement with “Virtual U3S” - a mimic of the functionality of the U3S multi-function beacon TX. Currently only WSPR is supported - but the other modes will follow. This works well - and allows a “schedule” to change frequency / Mode etc on sequential TX periods.

Back to QRP CW

Then I had to try it on CW.

My first CW QSO was on 30m with Rob, OK7SX, on Wednesday 29th.

Last night I had 3 x CW QSOs : F/FK8IK (Mic nr Vichy), IK3/UY7LA (Alex, nr Venice) on 30m and the icing on the cake was a chat with Will GM0HKS on 40m.

Will was using a K2 at 5W, but did mention that he still has the “wee K1” - that's my old K1 that I built back in 2003. I sold it (and deeply regret doing so) and it ended up in Will's care. We've had a few QSOs over the years and he never fails to mention the “wee K1”.

The next step

I've been thinking about where I want to go with radio recently.

What actually gives me pleasure?

What can I do to avoid the aspects of the hobby that spoil it for me?

Building and using the QMX reminded me of the fun I got with I first built the “wee K1” in 2003.

I hadn't been active in the hobby for many years, my log book shows a couple of FM contacts in 2002 with locals on the repeater, and prior to that I was using Packet Radio in 1994, while still living in Huddersfield and working at Holme Moss. The last time I'd actually been on HF CW was while I was at UMIST, in 1985 using the club station.

I built the K1 in 2003 and went CW crazy!

The basic chronology :

pre-2003
- 1983 - first licensed as G4SLV, still at school. Used 10mFM and 2m CW before going away to University in 1984
- 1984 - 1988 - at UMIST, and active in the Radio Society. Used club station for HF CW, as well as 70cm ATV and “other” things
- 1988 - 1995 - not much radio - some Packet on 2m
- 1995 - moved to Wick. Some HF SWL using my old AR88D. No “ham” radio
- 1999 - moved to Shetland. Some 2m activity on local repeater. Some HF SWL with AR88D and AR7030.
August 2003 - K1 - 2 bands - 40m / 20m - lots of QSOs. A very active phase on the hobby on-the-air.
Some time in 2004 - K1 - added 4 band board & concentrated on 40/30/20
Some time in 2004 - IC706MK2G - all bands - 100W - K1 use still frequent - but the lure of 100W was strong for a while - plus digimodes (PSK31 etc)
November 2004 - 60m use began - mostly SSB - K1 still in use for QRP CW
2007 - K2 added to the shack
July 2007 - Start of 500kHz “experiment”. All HF working stopped and lots of time spent with MF - Sold K1 & K2 and IC706. Bought IC718
Jan 2009 - Back to HF, mix of QRO and QRP. Mostly CW, Some SSB and digimodes
Nov 2010 - Back to 500kHz, with some HF mixed in.
Jan 2011 - Back to HF

At some point during the MF phase I sold the K1 and K2.

From 2012 I spent most of my time on 60m using digimodes, mostly Olivia. I still dabbled on HF CW. Mostly QRO. Bought IC7200 to add to the Shack.

The three main phases were

QRP CW on 40m/20m with K1
500kHz CW (and some WSPR etc)
60m Digimodes

Looking at my logbooks I can tell that I really delved deeply into QRP CW with the K1. I worked many, many people in many, many places and had a lot of fun with such a simple little radio.

The K2 was fun to build, but it got little use - I remember preferring the “wee K1” to its big brother. The 500kHz experiment in 2007 intervened and pushed the QRP HF rigs to the side and they were sold to fund “more important” items.

On 60m I had a lot of fun, learning a lot about the propagation on the band, and about the different behaviour of the various digimodes.

I came back to HF CW a few times - but nothing sparked joy like those early times with the K1.

The future?

Building the QMX has shown me that it's possible to have fun building and then have more fun using simple QRP radios. And this might be the push I need to get back into QRP.

It's more challenging these days - as most people in urban environments have raised noise levels and struggle to hear “normal weak signals” - but there are still people actively using QRP, and only QRP, to fully enjoy the hobby.

If I can't work someone due to my weak signal, then so be it… move on… there'll always be someone else to work.

One area I've never tried is QRP SSB. So I've turned the power on my FT891 (the “SSB rig”) down to 10 watts. I'll give it a try some time. But once more my focus is back to CW. And now with an additional slant - QRP, and only QRP.

I'll write more as I explore.

My G-QRP Club membership number is 2377, dating back to around 1984…. so I've been at it a long time, in fits and starts.

radio, cw, qrp, qmx

DM41X Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 14 Feb 2026 11:19:28 +0000

←Programs

DM41X Progs

DM41x RAW

HP Maths Benchmark	bm.raw
HP Trig Benchmark	bmt.raw
8-Queens Benchmark	nqu.raw
Savage Benchmark	svg.raw
Memo - as below - uses ascii file name “SITES” instead of “MEMO”	memo.raw
TR - from HP41cx User guide vol. 2	tr.raw
Sigma - from HP41cx User guide vol.2	sigma.raw

Using Solve and Integrate together

from HP343C handbook
DM41X version uses SOLVE and INTEG from Advantage Pac

Create a MYSOLVE wrapper that handles putting the correct SOLVE program name in ALPHA etc
Create the program that is to be solved and which has as it's function an integral
Create the program that defines the integral

MYSOLVE

LBL ¬MYSOLVE
¬MOD                    // the label of the program to be solved is put in ALPHA
SOLVE                   // we XEQ SOLVE (the Advantage Pac solver)
RTN

Solve : MOD

The program to be solved

LBL ¬MOD
¬BESSEL           // We put the name of the program with the integral in ALPHA
STO 00            // We store our current guess for X in R 00 to be accessible by the integral finction
0                 // put upper and lower limits for the integration in Y and X
PI
INTEG             // xeq INTEG from Advantage Pac
ABS               // our current guess, make it positive
X<=Y?             // Y has the Integration's estimate of accuracy - we use this to limit our search
ClX               // if our guess has returned a value from the integral that's less than the inherent accuracy then that's GOOD ENOUGH, we set X to zero and SOLVE completes     
X≠0?              // if we still don't have zero we put back the last guess and SOLVE continues
LastX
RTN

Integral : BESSEL

LBL ¬BESSEL
SIN
RCL 00
*
COS
PI
/
RTN

Running it

MYSOLVE sets up the ALPHA register with the name of the prog to be solved, so nothing needed in ALPHA at this time
put initial guesses in X and Y
- 1 ENTER 2
try FIX 4
Run MYSOLVE - via XEQ or set up a CST menu item for it

After a few minutes of Goose-flying we get the answer 2.4048

Useful Memo prog

MEMO

By Gary Goodman from HP document collection. Dated 24/3/85

65c22 Timer values

for VIA Tone generator

Needs Ladybug module

The required count is calculated from Φ₂ and the audio frequency required.

Count (decimal)

{ Φ₂ / ( 2 x F ) } - 2

for 1000Hz and a 1MHz Φ₂ :

Count = { 1,000,000 / ( 2 X 1000 ) } - 2 = 498

498d → $01F2

Run as XEQALPHATIALPHA

Prompt F for required audio tone frequency.

Enter freq

R/S

Result is the 2-byte value for T1CL & T1CH

e.g.

XEQALPHATIALPHA

R/S

Result:

$001F2

The Counter should be set to

T1CH = $01
T1CL = $F2

Entered as follows (make sure you're in DECS mode in Ladybug while entering the program - otherwise the 1000000 won't be interpreted correctly). When viewing/editing the program later it will look different!

LBL ¬TI
DECS
WSIZE 20
¬ F
PROMPT
STI 01
1000000
ENTERI
LDI 01
2
x
/
2
-
HEXS
RTN

BFil

Butterworth HPF/LPF Filter designer

LBL ¬BFIL
SF 00
¬MHZ ?
PROMPT
1 E6
*
STO 11
¬N
PROMPT
x<0?
CF 00
STO 10
XEQ 06
LBL 01
RCL 12
INT
XEQ 00
FS? 00
1/x
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 01
¬COEFFICIENTS
FIX 3
STOP
ENG 3
XEQ 06
LBL 02
RCL 12
INT
RCL IND 12
RCL 11
2
*
PI
*
/
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 02
XEQ 06
LBL 03
RCL 12
INT
2
/
FRC
FS? 00
GTO 09
GTO 10
LBL 09
¬HPF
x=0?
GTO 05
GTO 04
RTN
LBL 10
¬LPF
x=0?
GTO 04
GTO 05
RTN
LBL 04
RCL IND 12
50
*
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 03
RTN
LBL 05
RCL IND 12
50
/
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 03
RTN
LBL 06
RCL 10
ABS
1000
/
1
+
STO 12
RTN
LBL 00
2
*
1
-
180
*
RCL 10
ABS
2
*
/
SIN
2
*
RTN
END

Examples

5MHz 5-pole LPF

XEQALPHABFILALPHA

MHZ ?

5 R/S

Order/poles = N

Positive for HPF

Negative for LPF

5 pole LPF = -5

5CHSR/S

COEFFICIENTS
0.618

(at this point you can RCL 01 etc. up to RCL 05 to see the calculated Butterworth Coefficients)

R01 : 0.618
R02 : 1.618
R03 : 2.000
R04 : 1.618
R05 : 0.618

R/S

LPF
393.5 -12

The calculated component values are now in Reg 01 - Reg 05

R01 : 393.5pf
R02 : 2.575uH
R03 : 1.273nF
R04 : 2.575uH
R05 : 393.5pF

1MHz 7 pole HPF

XEQALPHABFILALPHA

MHZ ?

1 R/S

Order/poles = N

Positive for HPF

Negative for LPF

7 pole HPF = 7

7R/S

COEFFICIENTS
2.247

(at this point you can RCL 01 etc. up to RCL 07 to see the calculated Butterworth Coefficients)

R01 : 2.247
R02 : 0.802
R03 : 0.555
R04 : 0.500
R05 : 0.555
R06 : 0.802
R07 : 2.247

R/S

HPF
17.88 -06

The calculated component values are now in Reg 01 - Reg 07

R01 : 17.88uH
R02 : 2.553nF
R03 : 4.416uH
R04 : 1.592nF
R05 : 4.416uH
R06 : 2.553nF
R07 : 17.88uH

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 18:35:00 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 14/02/26 11:19 GMT

— John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 16:07

Further Information

calculator, dm41x

MediaWiki VPS Install

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

MediaWiki VPS Install

— John Pumford-Green 27/04/23 06:21

I have recenlty rebuilt the VPS install during a hardware upgrade, and the Mediawiki install is no longer in place.

The following guide would allow it to be re-installed should I decide to.

To compare mediawiki with dokuwiki I installed mediawiki on my little shack server.

I followed the instructions here

https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Running_MediaWiki_on_Debian_or_Ubuntu

and did a few tweaks etc. to get things running.

I forgot to document the tweaks!

So I thought there would be no harm in installing it on my VPS to run alongside the main dokuwiki site, with a view to deciding whether to switch to mediawiki later.

Here are my steps to install mediawiki on the VPS machine, which already has a fully configured and working webserver & PHP. The main addition will be setting up a SQL server (probably MariaDB).

Installing pre-requisites

sudo apt-get install apache2 mariadb-server php php-mysql libapache2-mod-php php-xml php-mbstring

wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.38/mediawiki-1.38.1.tar.gz

tar zxvf mediawiki-1.38.1.tar.gz

sudo mkdir /var/www/html/mediawiki

sudo mv mediawiki-1.38.1/* /var/www/html/mediawiki

That has installed a SQL server and the mediawiki files into the webserver root. Next is to configure the SQL database to hold the wiki.

SQL Configuration

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ sudo service mysql START
gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome TO the MariaDB monitor.  Commands END WITH ; OR \g.
Your MariaDB connection id IS 36
Server version: 10.3.34-MariaDB-0+deb10u1 Debian 10
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab AND others.
 
TYPE 'help;' OR '\h' FOR help. TYPE '\c' TO clear the CURRENT INPUT statement.
 
MariaDB [(NONE)]> CREATE USER 'new_mysql_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mwPass';
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.018 sec)
 
MariaDB [(NONE)]> quit;
Bye

Create the database and grant the user access

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome TO the MariaDB monitor.  Commands END WITH ; OR \g.
Your MariaDB connection id IS 37
Server version: 10.3.34-MariaDB-0+deb10u1 Debian 10
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab AND others.
 
TYPE 'help;' OR '\h' FOR help. TYPE '\c' TO clear the CURRENT INPUT statement.
 
MariaDB [(NONE)]> CREATE DATABASE my_wiki;
Query OK, 1 ROW affected (0.003 sec)
 
MariaDB [(NONE)]> USE my_wiki;
DATABASE changed
MariaDB [my_wiki]> GRANT ALL ON my_wiki.* TO 'new_mysql_user'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.001 sec)
 
MariaDB [my_wiki]> quit;
Bye

Browse to https://gm4slv.org.uk/mediawiki and got an error message that there was a PHP component missing intl

sudo apt-get install php-intl

sudo service apache2 restart

Browse to mediawiki again and all seems well. The message now is that LocalSettings.php is missing, which is created at the next step, following the on screen link.

Configure the SQL access:

Database Username : new_mysql_user
Database Password : mwPass

Complete the questions, select the required extensions etc. and download the LocalSettings.php file. Then upload the file to the VPS and put it in /var/www/html/mediawiki

Tweaks

File uploads

Make sure images directory has ugo+rwx permissions

Logo

Somehow upload a logo.png into images and edit LocalSetting.php to point at the log:

$wgLogos = [
        '1x' => "$wgResourceBasePath/images/logo.png",
 
 
        'icon' => "$wgResourceBasePath/images/logo.png",
];

Image thumbnails & pdf

to be continued

sudo apt install ghostscript imagemagick xpdf-utils

add to LocalSettings.php:

$wgPdfProcessor = '/usr/bin/gs';
$wgPdfPostProcessor = $wgImageMagickConvertCommand; // if defined via ImageMagick
// $wgPdfPostProcessor = '/usr/bin/convert';  // if not defined via ImageMagick
$wgPdfInfo = '/usr/bin/pdfinfo';
$wgPdftoText = '/usr/bin/pdftotext';
 
 
$wgFileExtensions[] = 'pdf';

Now upload a pdf file and it should appear in the file brower.

Try putting it in a page with the <gallery> funtion

<gallery>
File:Blog.pdf|page=1
</gallery>

Page Info

— John Pumford-Green 29/06/22 15:15

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

mediawiki

Unison

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Unison

I used unison previously to maintain sync/backup of files between machines on my own LAN.

This has been used to keep files on a PC synchronized to the Dropbox folders on another PC, and thereby with the Dropbox cloud.

Now that I have access to a remote Debian Linux VPS machine I thought I'd revisit the use of Unison to keep folders synchronised - perhaps to keep a remote backup of certain files.

You can never have too many backups

I installed the Debian package of unison on the new VPS machine and made a matching pair of configurations - one on the VPS and one on the Shack Laptop (which already has unison installed).

The configurations:

Laptop

root = /home/gm4slv/test_dir
root = ssh://gm4slv.org.uk/test_dir
sshargs = -C

VPS

root = /home/gm4slv/test_dir
root = ssh://gm4slv.plus.com:27659/test_dir
sshargs = -C

Unison version

I put some files in one “test_dir” and ran

unison vps

from the Shack Laptop and got this:

Unison 2.51.3 (ocaml 4.11.1): Contacting server...
Fatal error: Received unexpected header from the server:
 expected "Unison 2.51 with OCaml >= 4.01.2\n" but received "Unison 2.48\n\000\000\000\000\017",
which differs at "Unison 2.4".
This can happen because you have different versions of Unison
installed on the client and server machines, or because
your connection is failing and somebody is printing an error
message, or because your remote login shell is printing
something itself before starting Unison.

Incompatible versions. Laptop is running Debian 11 “Bullseye” and the packaged version of Unison is 2.51.3, whereas the VPS machine is running Debian 10 “Buster” and that has Unison version 2.48.

I've had this happen before, Unison is very touchy about having the same version at both sides.

I removed the older 2.48 from the VPS and downloaded a matching V2.51.3(ocaml 4.11.1) from github:

https://github.com/bcpierce00/unison/releases/tag/v2.51.3

Unpacked and moved unison to /usr/local/bin on the VPS.

Success

Now I was able to sync between the machines.

Adding the SSH public keys from both machines to the '~/.ssh/authorized_keys2'' of its peer meant it all went ahead without password prompting.

Now I have two “mirrored” directories on two separate machines I can use the VPS as a low-key remote file store.

Page Updated : 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

John Pumford-Green Tue May 3 22:29:31 2022

unison, vps, linux

Cadet Radio Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←SWL Pages

Cadet Radio Info

Cadet Radio in general

ACP44 has channels listed, but the public version has the frequencies blank.

acp44.pdf

Internet source https://www.wirelesswaffle.com/index.php?m=09&y=09&entry=entry090924-071250 has these frequencies listed

Air Cadet Frequencies

Channel	Frequency	Power
Lima 1	2368	100W
Lima 2	2490	100W
Lima 3	2848.5	100W
Lima 4	3236	350W
Lima 5	3306	100W
Lima 6	3343	100W
Lima 7	3678	350W
Lima 8	3715	350W
Lima 9	3752	350W

2368, 2490, 2848.5, 3236*, 3306, 3343, 3678, 3715 and 3752 kHz (Channel designations Lima 1 through Lima 9 respectively)

Channel	Frequency	Power	Comment
November 1	5245	350W	National Network Channel
November 2	4925	350W	National Network Channel
November 3	5088	350W	National Network Channel

5245, 4925 and 5088 kHz (Channel designations November 1 through November 3)

Channel	Frequency	Power
Hotel 1	5770	350W
Hotel 2	5795	350W
Hotel 3		100W
Hotel 4		100W
Hotel 5	7740	350W
Hotel 6	6775	100W
Hotel 7	7721	100W

5770*, 5795, 7740, 6775 and 7721 kHz (Channel designations Hotel 1 and 2, and 5 through 7)

Channel	Frequency	Power
Oscar 1	8120	350W
Oscar 2	13545	100W
Oscar 3	10843.5	100W
Oscar 4	14500	100W
Oscar 5	134445	100W
Oscar 6	13965	100W

8120, 13545, 10843.5, 14500, 13445 and 13965 kHz (Channel designations Oscar 1 through 6)

Sea Cadet Frequencies

2122.5, 2695, 3660, 6805, 6875, 6992.5* and 8187.5 kHz (Channel designations SCO01, 02 and 11 to 15)

Army Cadet Frequencies

2275*, 2415*, 2770*, 3850*, 3865*, 4920, 4922.5*, 4955, 5330, 5345, 6915, 7710 and 7753 kHz

— John Pumford-Green 01/04/24 17:22

Further Information

You Tube Channel with lots of NRN clips (mostly audio only) going back several years https://www.youtube.com/@mashu97/playlists
- There used to be a blog too http://mashoo.org.uk/, but it seems to have disappeared, sadly. I used to follow/read it from time to time a few years ago. don't know when it vanished from the interwebs. G(W)0VBC
https://www.radio-workshop.co.uk/g4nsj-ccf-pirate-radio-memories-ws-19-set/
https://www.radio-workshop.co.uk/g4nsj-pirate-and-ccf-radio-recollections/
https://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/hall/8701/ham/ccf11.htm

radio, cadet, nrn

Netradio Control

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Radio Topics

Netradio Control

Python code for TCP/IP control of multiple radios

Server

This provides TCP/IP access to one or more radios, allowing control of Frequency, Mode, Pre-amp and Attenuator. It also gives remote access to S-meter readings.

There are separate rig-dependant command modules that then provide a standard interface for commands sent by a client, regardless of the particular radio connected.

There are modules for

Icom C-IV radios such as IC-R75, IC-718, IC-7200 etc.
AOR AR7030
Icom IC-M710 marine

Server

server.py

server.py

from aor import *
from icom import *
from conf import *
from m710 import *
import SocketServer
import time
 
try:
    import readline
except:
    pass
 
lock = threading.Lock()
 
radios = []
 
 
 
r1 = Icom(n1, a1, cal1)
radios.append(n1)
 
r2 = m710(n4)
radios.append(n4)
 
#r2 = Icom(n2, a2, cal2)
#radios.append(n2)
 
r3 = Ar7030(n3)
radios.append(n3)
 
print radios
#print r1.digi_off()
 
#print r2.remote_on()
 
def count_radios():
    count = len(radios)
    return count
 
 
def list_radios():
    radiolist = ""
    for n in range(0, len(radios)):
        r = radios[n]
        radiolist += (r + " ")
    return radiolist
 
 
def write_file(text):
    filename = 'commandlog.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text))  # make an entry for the log by joining the timestamp with the text passed in
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
def write_con(text):
    filename = 'conlog.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text))  # make an entry for the log by joining the timestamp with the text passed in
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
# The Server
class ThreadedRequestHandler(SocketServer.StreamRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        # we find the current thread for the client connection just set up, to
        # use in the log file
        cur_thread = threading.currentThread()
        # log the new connection details
        write_con("Connect from %s using %s \n" % ((self.client_address[0]), cur_thread.getName()))
        # print to the server's console the new connection IP address/port
        print self.client_address
        # loop to handle client requests....
        while True:
            # using StreamRequestHandler means our input from the client
            # is  "file-like" and can be read with "file-like" commands
            # we read a line at a time, using readline()
            cmd = self.rfile.readline().lower()
            # to keep things clean, we remove any characters that aren't
            # "printable" simple ASCII
            # these are between 32 and 127 in the ASCII table
            # we look at each character, and then make a new word by
            # .join()ing each accepted character with no space in between
            asccmd = "".join(x for x in cmd if ord(x) < 128 and ord(x) > 31)
            # we make a list called "words" holding the received words which
            # will be inspected by various functions
            words = asccmd.split()
            # If a client uses sock.close() itself, to disconnect, it appears that
            # we read a continuous stream of "" on the dead
            # socket, which puts CPU to 100%.
            #
            # The "While" loop is probably responsible, but I can't see another
            # way to keep the connection up for multiple commands.
            #
            # Further connection are accepted due to the Threaded nature of the server.
            # The CPU load is unacceptable though
            # HACK ?>>>>>
            # Looking for "" and then breaking
            # the connection from the server end (even though the client has
            # gone) cures this.
            if cmd == "":
                break
            else:
                pass
            # if the words list is empty, go back and get more input
            if not words:
                continue
            # we have input....
            # filter based on the first word - these are the
            # pre-set commands the server will accept
            # the client wants to know the currently available
            # radio names - held in the variable "rnames"
            elif words[0] == "getnames":
                self.wfile.write(rnames)
            # words[-1] (the last word in the list) will always be the
            # radio name. We give the variable "my_radio" this value, for
            # identifying which radio object to apply the method to
            elif words[0] == "count":
                count = count_radios()
                self.wfile.write(count)
            elif words[0] == "ident":
                ident_text = "GM4SLV Radio Server"
                radio_list = list_radios()
                self.wfile.write(ident_text + "\rAvailable : \n" + radio_list + "\r\n")
 
            elif words[0] == "getmode":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                mode = my_radio.get_mode()
                self.wfile.write(mode)
            elif words[0] == "getfreq":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                freq = words[1]
                freq = my_radio.get_freq()
                self.wfile.write(freq)
            elif words[0] == "setmode":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                mode = words[1]
                newmode = my_radio.set_mode(mode)
                self.wfile.write(newmode)
            elif words[0] == "setfreq":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                try:
                    freq = float(words[1])
                    newfreq = my_radio.set_freq(freq)
                    self.wfile.write(newfreq)
                except ValueError:
                    #freq = float(my_radio.get_freq())
                    self.wfile.write("Error in freq. %s No change\r\n" % words[1])
 
            elif words[0] == "getsmeter":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                smeter = round(float(my_radio.get_smeter()), 1)
                self.wfile.write(smeter)
            elif words[0] == "gets":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                s = my_radio.get_s()
                self.wfile.write(s)
            elif words[0] == "listradios":
                radios = list_radios()
                self.wfile.write(radios)
            elif words[0] == "getpreamp":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.get_pre()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preampon":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_on()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preamp2on":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_2_on()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preampoff":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_off()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "getatt":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.get_att()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "atton":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.att_on()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "attoff":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.att_off()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "tune":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                tune = my_radio.tune()
                self.wfile.write(tune)
            elif words[0] == "getpwr":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                pwr = my_radio.get_pwr()
                self.wfile.write(pwr)
            elif words[0] == "setpwr":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                spwr = words[1]
                pwr = my_radio.set_pwr(spwr)
                self.wfile.write(pwr)
            elif words[0] == "quit":
                write_con("Got quit from {}\n".format(self.client_address[0]))  # log it
                self.wfile.write("Goodbye! \r\n")  # say Goodbye
                break
            else:  # nothing in words[0] matches a pre-set command....
                write_file("Received %s\n" % words)  # log it, it's unusual
                self.wfile.write("Command not recognized\r\n")  # inform the client
 
 
class ThreadedIcomServer(SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn, SocketServer.TCPServer):
    pass
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # define the lock to be used on the serial port access
    lock = threading.Lock()
 
    # address ('' = all available interfaces) to listen on, and port number
    address = ('', 9999)
    server = ThreadedIcomServer(address, ThreadedRequestHandler)
    server.allow_reuse_address = True
 
    # define that the server will be threaded, and will serve "forever" ie. not quit after the client disconnects
    t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
    # start the server thread
    t.start()
 
    write_con(
        "Server loop running in thread: %s\n" % "".join(t.getName()))

Configurtion Module

conf.py

Icom C-IV module

icom.py

icom.py

import serial
import threading
from conf import *
import time
#sport = "COM1"
sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sbaud = 9600
 
lock = threading.Lock()
 
 
class Icom(object):
    def __init__(self, model, radio_address, cal):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=0.1)
        self.model = model
        self.radio_address = radio_address
        self.cal = cal
 
    def digi_off(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + digi_off_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def get_pre(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_pre_cmd + eom
 
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        if result[6] == "\x00":
            return 0
        elif result[6] == "\x01":
            return 1
        elif result[6] == "\x02":
            return 2
 
    def get_pwr(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + pwr_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        p1 = ord(result[7]) / 16
        p2 = ord(result[7]) % 16
        p3 = ord(result[6]) / 16
        p4 = ord(result[6]) % 16
        pwr = float(100 * (10 * p3 + p4) + (10 * p1 + p2))
        return int(pwr*100/255)
 
    def set_pwr(self, pwr):
        #if pwr == "25":
        #    spwr = "\x00" + "\x63"
        #elif pwr == "50":
        #    spwr = "\x01" + "\x27"
        #elif pwr == "75":
        #    spwr = "\x01" + "\x91"
        #elif pwr == "100":
        #    spwr = "\x02" + "\x55"
        rigpwr = int(pwr) * 255 / 100
        print "rigpwr ", rigpwr
        pwr1 = rigpwr / 100
        pwr2 = rigpwr % 100
        spwr1 = (pwr1 / 10 * 16)
        spwr2 = (pwr1 % 10)
        spwr3 =  (pwr2 / 10 * 16)
        spwr4 =  (pwr2 % 10)
        spwr = chr(spwr1+spwr2) + chr(spwr3+spwr4)
        #print "spwr ", spwr
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + pwr_cmd + spwr + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return self.get_pwr()
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def pre_on(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_pre_cmd + set_pre_on + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def pre_2_on(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_pre_cmd + set_pre_2_on + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
 
    def pre_off(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_pre_cmd + set_pre_off + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def ptt_on(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + ptt_on_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        #print result[5]
        if not result[4] == ack:
            return "ptt on"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "Error"
 
    def ptt_off(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + ptt_off_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        #print result[5]
        if not result[4] == ack:
            return "ptt off"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "Error"
 
    def get_att(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_att_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        if result[5] == "\x00":
            return 0
        elif result[5] == "\x20":
            return 1
 
    def att_on(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_att_cmd + set_att_on + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def att_off(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_att_cmd + set_att_off + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received"
 
    def set_freq(self, freq):
        fdig = "%010d" % int(freq * 1000)
        bcd = ()
        for i in (8, 6, 4, 2, 0):
            bcd += self.freq_bcd(int(fdig[i]), int(fdig[i + 1]))
        set_freq_val = ""
        for byte in bcd:
            set_freq_val += chr(byte)
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_freq_cmd + set_freq_val + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Set Freq success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received / Freq not supported"
 
    def get_freq(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + get_freq_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        if len(result) > 0:
            f = 0
        for k in [18, 19, 16, 17, 14, 15, 12, 13, 10, 11]:
            f = 10 * f + self.nib(result, k)
        self.freq = (float(f) / 1000)
        return "%.3f" % self.freq
 
    def set_mode(self, mode):
        print "in set_mode() with ", mode
        if mode == "data":
            mode = "rtty"
 
        if mode == "lsb":
            set_mode_val = "\x00"
        elif mode == "usb":
            set_mode_val = "\x01"
        elif mode == "am":
            set_mode_val = "\x02"
        elif mode == "cw":
            set_mode_val = "\x03"
        elif mode == "rtty":
            set_mode_val = "\x04"
        elif mode == "fm":
            set_mode_val = "\x05"
        elif mode == "cw-r":
            set_mode_val = "\x07"
        elif mode == "rtty-r":
            set_mode_val = "\x08"
        elif mode == "s-am":
            set_mode_val = "\x11"
        else:
            return "Mode not recognized"
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + set_mode_cmd + set_mode_val + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result[4] == ack:
            return "Set Mode Success"
        elif result[4] == nak:
            return "NAK received / Mode not supported"
 
    def get_mode(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + get_mode_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        mode = ""
        if result[5] == "\x00":
            mode = "lsb"
        elif result[5] == "\x01":
            mode = "usb"
        elif result[5] == "\x02":
            mode = "am"
        elif result[5] == "\x03":
            mode = "cw"
        elif result[5] == "\x04":
            mode = "rtty"
        elif result[5] == "\x05":
            mode = "fm"
        elif result[5] == "\x08":
            mode = "rtty-r"
        elif result[5] == "\x07":
            mode = "cw-r"
        elif result[5] == "\x11":
            mode = "s-am"
 
        if mode == "rtty":
            mode = "data"
 
        self.mode = mode
        return self.mode.upper()
 
    def get_s(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + get_smeter_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        sm1 = ord(result[7]) / 16
        sm2 = ord(result[7]) % 16
        sm3 = ord(result[6]) / 16
        sm4 = ord(result[6]) % 16
        s = float(100 * (10 * sm3 + sm4) + (10 * sm1 + sm2))
        return s
 
    def get_swr(self):
        sendStr = preamble + preamble + self.radio_address + controller + get_swr_cmd + eom
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if not result:
            return "0"
        sm1 = ord(result[7]) / 16
        sm2 = ord(result[7]) % 16
        sm3 = ord(result[6]) / 16
        sm4 = ord(result[6]) % 16
        swr = float(100 * (10 * sm3 + sm4) + (10 * sm1 + sm2))
        return swr
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        s = float(self.get_s())
        cal = self.cal
        s1 = s - cal[0]
        s2 = s1 - cal[1]
        s3 = s2 - cal[2]
        s4 = s3 - cal[3]
        s5 = s4 - cal[4]
        s6 = s5 - cal[5]
        s7 = s6 - cal[6]
        if s1 <= 0:
            dbm = -123
            adj = s / cal[0] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s2 <= 0:
            dbm = -113
            adj = s1 / cal[1] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s3 <= 0:
            dbm = -103
            adj = s2 / cal[2] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s4 <= 0:
            dbm = -93
            adj = s3 / cal[3] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s5 <= 0:
            dbm = -83
            adj = s4 / cal[4] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s6 <= 0:
            dbm = -73
            adj = s5 / cal[5] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
        elif s7 <= 0:
            dbm = -63
            adj = s6 / cal[6] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
        else:
            dbm = -43
            adj = s7 / cal[7] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
    def get_name(self):
        return self.model
 
    def tune(self):
        print "tuning"
        curmode = self.get_mode().lower()
        #print "Current Mode ",curmode
 
        curpwr = self.get_pwr()
        if curpwr < 98:
            curpwr = curpwr + 1
 
        #print "Current Power ", curpwr
 
        #print "Current percent power ", curpwr
        self.set_mode("rtty")
        self.set_pwr(25)
        #print "Tuning power ", self.get_pwr()
        #print "PTT On"
        self.ptt_on()
        time.sleep(2)
        swr =  self.get_swr()
        #print "SWR :", swr
        time.sleep(1)
        self.ptt_off()
        #print "PTT Off"
        self.set_mode(curmode)
        #print "Mode reset ",self.get_mode()
        self.set_pwr(curpwr)
        print "Tuned : (ref pwr : %s)" % swr
        return "Tuned : (ref pwr : %s)" % swr
 
    def tx_rx(self, sendStr):
        lock.acquire()
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
        echo = self.ser.read(len(sendStr))
        if len(echo) != len(sendStr):
            return "0"
        byte = "0"
        result = ""
        count = 0
        while byte != eom:
            byte = self.ser.read()
            #print "%#02x" % ord(byte)
            result += byte
            count += 1
            if count > 10:
                break
        lock.release()
        #print ""
        return result
 
 
    def nib(self, s, i):
        k = ord(s[i / 2])
        if i % 2 == 0:
            k = k >> 4
        return k & 0xf
 
 
    def freq_bcd(self, d1, d2):
        return (16 * d1 + d2),

AOR AR7030 module

aor.py

aor.py

import serial
import threading
 
 
#sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sport = "/dev/ttyUSB1"
sbaud = 1200
 
lock = threading.Lock()
fract = float(2 ** 24) / 44545
 
 
class Ar7030(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=10)
        self.model = model
 
 
    def check_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        if result:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
    def set_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = ord(byte) | mask
        return result
 
    def clear_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = ~(1 << bit)
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        return result
 
    def get_ident(self):
        sendStr = '\x5f' + '\x40'
        ident = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
        return ident
 
    def get_pre(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
        p = self.check_bit(byte, 4)
        if p:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
        return
 
 
    def pre_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte :
        # bit0 = filter FS3
        # bit1 = filter FS2
        # bit2 = filter FS1
        # bit3 = filter FS4
        # bit4 = preamp enabled
        # bit5 = atten 0 = 20dB / 1 = 40dB
        # bit6 = input filter 0 = HF / 1 = LF
        # bit7 = attenuator enabled
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 ON = preamp ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 4)
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def pre_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 OFF = preamp OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 4)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def get_att(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        a = self.check_bit(byte, 7)
 
        if a:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
 
    def att_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 ON = ATT ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def att_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 OFF = att OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def set_freq(self, freq):
        fval = freq * fract
        #print fval
        b1 = 48 + int(fval / 1048576)
        fval = fval % 1048576
        b2 = 96 + int(fval / 65536)
        fval = fval % 65536
        b3 = 48 + int(fval / 4096)
        fval = fval % 4096
        b4 = 96 + int(fval / 256)
        fval = fval % 256
        b5 = 48 + int(fval / 16)
        b6 = 96 + int(fval % 16)
 
        f_tuple = ( b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6 )
 
        freqStr = ""
        for byte in f_tuple:
            freqStr += chr(byte)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a' + freqStr + '\x24' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Freq Set"
 
    def get_freq(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a'
 
        freqStr = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 3)
 
        f_val = 0
        for k in freqStr:
            f_val = f_val * 256 + ord(k)
 
        return "%.3f" % round(float(f_val / fract),2 )
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self, mode):
 
        if mode == "lsb":
            set_mode_val = "\x66"
        elif mode == "usb":
            set_mode_val = "\x67"
        elif mode == "am":
            set_mode_val = "\x61"
        elif mode == "cw":
            set_mode_val = "\x65"
        elif mode == "data":
            set_mode_val = "\x64"
        elif mode == "fm":
            set_mode_val = "\x63"
        elif mode == "s-am":
            set_mode_val = "\x62"
        else:
            return "Mode not recognized"
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4d' + set_mode_val + '\x22' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Mode sent"
 
    def get_mode(self):
 
        sendStr = "\x50" + "\x31" + "\x4d"
        m = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        mode = ""
        if m == "\x01":
            mode = "am"
        elif m == "\x02":
            mode = "s-am"
        elif m == "\x03":
            mode = "fm"
        elif m == "\x04":
            mode = "data"
        elif m == "\x05":
            mode = "cw"
        elif m == "\x06":
            mode = "lsb"
        elif m == "\x07":
            mode = "usb"
 
        return mode.upper()
 
 
    def get_s(self):
        sendStr = '\x2e'
        sraw = self.tx_rx(sendStr, True, 0)
 
        return ord(sraw)
 
    def get_cal(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x52' + '\x3f' + '\x44' + '\x11'
        #print "sending getcal"
        cbytes = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
 
        cal = []
 
        for c in cbytes:
            cal.append(ord(c))
 
        return cal
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        s = float(self.get_s())
        cal = self.get_cal()
 
        s1 = s - cal[0]
        s2 = s1 - cal[1]
        s3 = s2 - cal[2]
        s4 = s3 - cal[3]
        s5 = s4 - cal[4]
        s6 = s5 - cal[5]
        s7 = s6 - cal[6]
 
        if s1 <= 0:
            dbm = -123
            adj = s / cal[0] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s2 <= 0:
            dbm = -113
            adj = s1 / cal[1] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s3 <= 0:
            dbm = -103
            adj = s2 / cal[2] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s4 <= 0:
            dbm = -93
            adj = s3 / cal[3] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s5 <= 0:
            dbm = -83
            adj = s4 / cal[4] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s6 <= 0:
            dbm = -73
            adj = s5 / cal[5] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s7 <= 0:
            dbm = -63
            adj = s6 / cal[6] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        else:
            dbm = -43
            adj = s7 / cal[7] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
 
    def tx_rx(self, sendStr, reply, n):
        # apply thread lock
        lock.acquire()
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
 
        if reply:  # for reading S-meter
            result = ""
            while not result:
                result = self.ser.read(1)
            lock.release()
            return result
        else:
 
            result = ""
            byte = ""
            while n != 0:
                self.ser.write('\x71')
                #byte = ""
 
                while not byte:
                    byte = self.ser.read(1)
 
                result += byte
 
                byte = ""
                n -= 1
            lock.release()
            return result

Icom IC-M710 module

m710.py

m710.0y

'''
Python NMEA Radio Functions module for Icom IC-M710 Marine HF SSB Transceiver
 
    Copyright (C) 2015  John Pumford-Green
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
 
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
'''
 
# serial port for Icom IC-M710 Rig Control
 
import serial
import threading
import time
version = "v0.1"
 
sport = '/dev/ttyUSB0'
sbaud = 4800
 
#ser = serial.Serial(sport, 4800, timeout=1)
lock = threading.Lock()
 
# NMEA Codes
preamble = "$PICOA,"
controller = "90"
radio = "01" 
cr = "\x0d"
lf = "\x0a"
 
 
# Commands are sent as NMEA private sentences:
#
# $PICOA,controller_id,radio_id,command,<parameter>,*HH<CR><LF>
#
# where HH is the 2 digit ECC value below:
#
# The protocol document states that for messages FROM the controller TO the radio
# the ECC bytes are optional, and may be omitted. This appears to be false information, and
# the ECC bytes seem to be necessary.
#
# The ECC checksum, is a two-digit hex value found by XORing the hex values of the characters 
# between "$" and "*" (but not including the $ or *)
#
# The first part of the message is always:
# "PICOA,90,01," and this has an XOR value of (decimal) 112
# we then XOR this with each character's decimal ASCII value, in the required command
# and convert the result to a 2-digit hex value
#
 
class m710(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=0.1)
        self.model = model
 
 
    def get_ecc(self,command):
        ecc = 112
        for c in command:
            ecc = ord(c) ^ ecc
        hecc = '{0:02x}'.format(int(ecc))
 
        return hecc
 
# we must force the radio into "Remote" mode before sending any other commands.    
    def remote_on(self):
        command = "REMOTE,ON"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return self.remote_on()
 
 
 
# we can leave the radio in "Remote" mode for as long as we want to control it remotely
# but we must close the "Remote" mode when finished. The previous radio settings (channel/power etc) are
# restored after Remote mode is closed.
    def remote_off(self):
        command = "REMOTE,OFF"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr) 
        if result:
            #ser.close()
            return
        else:
            return self.remote_off()
 
 
    def ptt_on():
        command = "TRX,TX"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return ptt_on()
 
    def ptt_off():
        command = "TRX,RX"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return ptt_off()
 
 
 
    def get_freq(self):
        fkhz = self.get_rxfreq()
        #fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
        return fkhz
 
    def set_freq(self,freq):
 
        self.set_rxfreq(freq)
        self.set_txfreq(freq)
        return "Set freq success"
 
    def get_rxfreq(self):
        command = "RXF"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            f = list[4].split("*")[0]
            fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
            return fkhz
        else:
            return self.get_rxfreq()
 
 
    def get_txfreq(self):
        command = "TXF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            f = list[4].split("*")[0]
            fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
            return fkhz
        else:
            return self.get_txfreq()
 
 
    def get_mode(self):
        command = "MODE"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            mode = list[4].split("*")[0]
            if mode == "J2B":
                mode = "DATA"
            return mode
        else:
            return self.get_mode()
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self,mode):
        mode = mode.upper()
        if mode == "DATA":
            mode = "J2B"
 
        command = "MODE,"+mode
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
 
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        #print "in set_mode with ", sendStr
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_mode(mode)
 
 
    def set_rxfreq(self,freq):
 
        fmhz = float(freq) / 1000
        f = str(fmhz)
 
        command = "RXF,"+f
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_rxfreq(freq)
 
 
    def set_txfreq(self,freq):
 
        fmhz = float(freq) / 1000
        f = str(fmhz)
 
        command = "TXF,"+f
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_txfreq(freq)
 
    def get_txpower():
        command = "TXP"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            power = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return power
        else:
            return get_txpower()
 
    def set_txpower(p):
        command = "TXP,"+p
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_txpower(p)
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        command = "SIGM"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            smeter = (float(list[4].split("*")[0]) * 20) - 120 
            return smeter
        else:
            return self.get_smeter()
 
    def speaker_on():
        command = "SP,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return speaker_on()
 
 
    def speaker_off():
        command = "SP,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return speaker_off()
 
    def sql_on():
        command = "SQLC,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return sql_on()
 
    def sql_off():
        command = "SQLC,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return sql_off()
 
    def nb_on():
        command = "NB,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return nb_on()
 
    def nb_off():
        command = "NB,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return nb_off()
 
    def dim_on():
        command = "DIM,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return dim_on()
 
    def dim_off():
        command = "DIM,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return dim_off()
 
    def agc_on():
        command = "AGC,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return agc_on()
 
    def agc_off():
        command = "AGC,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return agc_off()
 
    def get_vol():
        command = "AFG"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            vol = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return vol
        else:
            return get_vol()
 
 
 
    def set_vol(v):
        command = "AFG,"+v
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_vol(v)
 
    def get_rfg():
        command = "RFG"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            rf = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return rf
        else:
            return get_rfg()
 
    def get_att(self):
        return
    def att_on(self):
        return
    def att_off(self):
        return
 
    def pre_on(self):
        return
    def pre_off(self):
        return
 
    def get_pre(self):
        return
 
    def set_rfg(v):
        command = "RFG,"+v
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_rfg(v)
 
    # The message FROM the radio may be corrupted so we do a check on the received ECC versus our calculated cECC
    # from the received characters - which are everything AFTER the "$" and BEFORE the "*"
    #
    # starting the ECC calculation at message[1] ignores the "$" and we iterate through the message XORing each 
    # character's ASCII (decimal) value until we have the final cECC which is converted by formatting it
    # into a two-digit hex value. This is then compared to the received (rECC) value from the radio's message. 
    # If they match the message is acceptable and check_ecc() returns True to tx_rx(), 
    # otherwise check_ecc() function returns "False" to tx_rx()
    # the True/False value is tested in tx_rx(). 
    # If True then tx_rx() returns the incoming string to the calling function
    # otherwise it returns "False". 
    # The calling function then checkS the boolean state of the returned value. 
    # If True (ie it has the radio's message and the ECC was good) the message 
    # is sent back to the client. 
    # If False the function calls itself again, and attempts to get an error-free reply from the radio, via tx_rx()
 
    def check_ecc(self,message, recc):
        i = 1
        cecc = 0
 
        while i < len(message):
            cecc = ord(message[i]) ^ cecc
            i += 1  
 
        cecc = '{0:02x}'.format(int(cecc))  
 
        if cecc == recc:   
            return True
        else: 
            return False
 
    def tx_rx(self,sendStr):
        #print "in tx_rx, sendStr =  " , sendStr
        lock.acquire()
 
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
        time.sleep(0.1)
        result = self.ser.readline()
 
        #print result
        reply = result.split("*")
        ecc = reply[1][0:2].lower()
        message = reply[0]
        lock.release()
 
        if self.check_ecc(message, ecc):
            return result
        else:
            return False
 
 
 
 
 
#

Text-mode client

client.py

client.py

__author__ = 'gm4slv'
# client to work with server_oo.py
# 
 
# # v0.1
 
import socket
 
try:
    import readline
except ImportError:
    pass
 
import threading
import time
 
 
HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9999
 
smlog = "pymon.txt"
log_active = []
 
 
def make_con():
    global sock
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.connect((HOST, PORT))
 
 
def get_rnum():
    global num
    global radios
 
    names = connect("listradios")
 
    radios = names.split()
    num = len(radios)
    return num
 
 
def get_rname(i):
    r = radios[i]
    return r
 
 
def list_radios():
    num = get_rnum()
    global radio
    print "\r\nThere are currently %d radios connected." % num
    for i in range(0, num):
        r = get_rname(i)
        print "Radio %d is %s" % (i + 1, r)
 
 
def get_lradio():
    num = get_rnum()
 
    lradio = raw_input("Select radio to log: ").strip()
 
    if not lradio:
        print "Please select a radio"
        return False
    elif int(lradio) > num:
        print "Selected radio not recognized"
        return False
 
    else:
 
        return lradio
 
 
def set_radio():
    num = get_rnum()
    # global radio
    global radio_num
    global rname
    print "There are currently %d radios connected." % num
    for i in range(0, num):
        r = get_rname(i)
        print "Radio %d is %s" % (i + 1, r)
 
    radio = raw_input("Choose a radio number from the list : ").strip()
    try:
        if not radio:
            print "Please select a radio"
            return False, False
 
        elif int(radio) > num:
            print "Selected radio not recognized"
            return False, False
    except ValueError:
        print "Please enter a number"
        return False, False
 
    else:
        radio_num = "".join(("r", radio))
        rname = get_rname(int(radio) - 1)
        return radio_num, rname
 
 
def prompt():
    print ""
    print "The available commands are:"
    print "lr   : List Radios"
    print "sr   : Select the Radio to control"
    print "gr   : Get currently selected Radio name"
    print "gm   : Get Mode"
    print "sm   : Set Mode"
    print "gf   : Get Freq"
    print "sf   : Set Freq"
    print "gs   : Get S-meter"
    print "gp   : Get Pre-amp"
    print "pon  : Set Pre-amp On"
    print "p2on : Set Pre-amp 2 On"
    print "poff : Set Pre-amp Off"
    print "gatt : Get Attn"
    print "aton : Set Attn On"
    print "atoff: Set Attn Off"
    print "ga   : Get All (status of all radios)"
    print "sync : Sync freq/mode on two radios"
    print "log  : Setup background logging to file"
    print "h    : Help (show this command list)"
    print "q    : quit"
    print ""
 
 
def start():
    global radio_num
    global rname
    global sock
    pfreq = connect("getfreq" + " " + radio_num)
    pmode = connect("getmode" + " " + radio_num)
 
    data = raw_input(rname + " (" + pfreq + " " + pmode + ") " + " > ").lower().strip()
    if len(data.split()) > 1:
        if (data.split())[0] == "sf":
            sfreq = (data.split())[1]
            freq = connect("setfreq" + " " + sfreq + " " + radio_num)
            print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, freq)
            start()
        elif (data.split())[0] == "sm":
            smode = (data.split())[1]
            mode = connect("setmode" + " " + smode + " " + radio_num)
            print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, mode)
            start()
        else:
 
            print "only one command at a time please"
            start()
    elif data == "u":
        oldf = connect("getfreq" + " " + radio_num)
        newf = str(float(oldf) + 1)
        freq = connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, freq)
        start()
 
    elif data == "d":
        oldf = connect("getfreq" + " " + radio_num)
        newf = str(float(oldf) - 1)
        freq = connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, freq)
        start()
 
    elif data == "lr":
        list_radios()
        start()
    elif data == "sr":
 
        radio_num, rname = set_radio()
 
        while not radio_num:
            radio_num, rname = set_radio()
 
        start()
 
    elif data == "gr":
        print "Radio selected is %s" % rname
        start()
 
    elif data == "gm":
        mode = connect("getmode" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, mode)
        start()
 
    elif data == "sm":
        smode = raw_input("Enter mode: ")
        mode = connect("setmode" + " " + smode + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, mode)
        start()
 
    elif data == "gf":
        freq = connect("getfreq" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s kHz" % (rname, freq)
        start()
 
    elif data == "sf":
        sfreq = raw_input("Enter freq (kHz): ")
        freq = connect("setfreq" + " " + sfreq + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, freq)
        start()
 
    elif data == "gs":
        smeter = connect("getsmeter" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %sdBm" % (rname, smeter)
        start()
 
    elif data == "gp":
        preamp = connect("getpreamp" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "pon":
        preamp = connect("preampon" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "p2on":
        preamp = connect("preamp2on" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "poff":
        preamp = connect("preampoff" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "gatt":
        preamp = connect("getatt" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, preamp)
        start()
 
    elif data == "aton":
        att = connect("atton" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, att)
        start()
 
    elif data == "atoff":
        att = connect("attoff" + " " + radio_num)
        print "%s replied: %s" % (rname, att)
        start()
 
    elif data == "ga":
        get_all()
        start()
 
 
    elif data == "log":
        fname = raw_input("Enter a filename (or \"Return\" for default) :")
        if fname == "":
            fname = smlog
        # check file is valid
        try:
            f = open(fname, 'a+')
            f.close()
        except IOError:
            print "File/path not valid"
            start()
 
        list_radios()
 
        lradio = get_lradio()
 
        while not lradio:
            lradio = get_lradio()
 
        rname = get_rname(int(lradio) - 1)
        if lradio in log_active:
            print "Logging already active on " + rname
        else:
            tlog = int(raw_input("Enter a polling interval (seconds) :"))
            p = threading.Thread(target=log, args=(lradio, tlog, fname))
            p.setDaemon(True)
            p.start()
            log_active.append(lradio)
        start()
 
    elif data == "sync":
        sync_result = sync()
        print sync_result
        start()
 
 
    elif data == "h" or data == "help":
        prompt()
        start()
 
 
    elif data == "q" or data == "quit":
        rx = connect("quit")
        print "Server says: %s " % rx
 
    else:
        #prompt()
        start()
 
 
def get_all():
    num = get_rnum()
    global radio
    print "There are currently %d radios connected." % num
    print "=" * 33
    for i in range(0, num):
        r = get_rname(i)
        n = "".join(("r", str(i + 1)))
        freq = connect("getfreq" + " " + n)
        mode = connect("getmode" + " " + str(n))
        smeter = connect("getsmeter" + " " + str(n))
        preamp = connect("getpreamp" + " " + str(n))
        att = connect("getatt" + " " + str(n))
 
        print "Status of Radio %d (%s) \r\n" % (i + 1, r)
        print "Frequency : %s kHz" % freq
        print "Mode: %s" % mode
        print "S-Meter: %sdBm" % smeter
        print "Preamp = %s" % preamp
        print "Attenuator = %s " % att
        print "=" * 33
 
    print ""
 
 
def log(p, t, f):
    print "\n\n"
    tlog = t
    sradio = get_rname(int(p) - 1)
 
    sr = "".join(("r", str(p)))
    while True:
        try:
            frequency = connect("getfreq" + " " + sr + "\n")
            smeter = connect("getsmeter" + " " + sr + "\n")
            mode = connect("getmode" + " " + sr + "\n")
            write_file(f, sradio, mode, frequency, smeter)
            time.sleep(tlog)
        finally:
            pass
 
 
def get_mradio():
    num = get_rnum()
 
    mradio = raw_input("Choose Master radio number from the list: ").strip()
 
    if not mradio:
        print "Please select a radio"
        return False
    elif int(mradio) > num:
        print "Selected radio not recognized"
        return False
 
    else:
 
        return mradio
 
 
def get_sradio():
    num = get_rnum()
    sradio = raw_input("Choose Slave radio number from the list: ").strip()
 
    if not sradio:
        print "Please select a radio"
        return False
    elif int(sradio) > num:
        print "Selected radio not recognized"
        return False
 
    else:
 
        return sradio
 
 
def sync():
    num = get_rnum()
    print ""
    print "Set SLAVE to the same Frequency and Mode as MASTER.\r\n"
    print "Currently connected radios are:"
    for i in range(0, num):
        r = get_rname(i)
        print "%d is %s" % (i + 1, r)
 
    mradio = get_mradio()
    while not mradio:
        mradio = get_mradio()
 
    sradio = get_sradio()
    while not sradio:
        sradio = get_sradio()
    sr = "".join(("r", sradio))
    mr = "".join(("r", mradio))
    mfreq = connect("getfreq" + " " + mr)
    mmode = connect("getmode" + " " + mr)
 
    sfreq = connect("setfreq" + " " + mfreq + " " + sr)
    smode = connect("setmode" + " " + mmode + " " + sr)
 
    return (sfreq + "\r\n" + smode + "\r\n")
 
 
# Try to send and receive in one-go, to prevent the logging thread and the main prog
# getting the wrong receive data
 
def connect(data):
    try:
        lock.acquire()
        global sock
        sock.sendall(data + "\n")
        received = sock.recv(2048)
    finally:
        lock.release()
 
    return received
 
 
def write_file(fname, rname, mode, freq, smeter):
    filename = fname
    f = open(filename, 'a+')
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, rname, mode, freq, smeter, "\r\n"))
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
make_con()
 
lock = threading.Lock()
get_all()
print "Please choose a radio\r\n"
radio_num, rname = set_radio()
while not radio_num:
    radio_num, rname = set_radio()
 
prompt()
start()

Example session

There are currently 3 radios connected.
=================================
Status of Radio 1 (IC-R75) 
 
Frequency : 2187.500 kHz
Mode: DATA
S-Meter: -114.2dBm
Preamp = 0
Attenuator = 0 
=================================
Status of Radio 2 (IC-M710) 
 
Frequency : 16804.500 kHz
Mode: DATA
S-Meter: -120.0dBm
Preamp = None
Attenuator = None 
=================================
Status of Radio 3 (AR7030) 
 
Frequency : 2182.000 kHz
Mode: USB
S-Meter: -110.3dBm
Preamp = 0
Attenuator = 0 
=================================
 
Please choose a radio
 
There are currently 3 radios connected.
Radio 1 is IC-R75
Radio 2 is IC-M710
Radio 3 is AR7030
Choose a radio number from the list : 3
 
The available commands are:
lr   : List Radios
sr   : Select the Radio to control
gr   : Get currently selected Radio name
gm   : Get Mode
sm   : Set Mode
gf   : Get Freq
sf   : Set Freq
gs   : Get S-meter
gp   : Get Pre-amp
pon  : Set Pre-amp On
p2on : Set Pre-amp 2 On
poff : Set Pre-amp Off
gatt : Get Attn
aton : Set Attn On
atoff: Set Attn Off
ga   : Get All (status of all radios)
sync : Sync freq/mode on two radios
log  : Setup background logging to file
h    : Help (show this command list)
q    : quit
 
AR7030 (2182.000 USB)  > sf 5680
AR7030 replied: Freq Set
AR7030 (5680.000 USB)  >

GUI Client

No S-meter version

gui_nosmeter.py

gui_nosmeter.py

# # new class-based gui
 
from Tkinter import *
import socket
import threading
import time
 
 
 
class Network(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.sock = self.make_con()
 
    def make_con(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.connect(("192.168.21.107", 9999))
        return self.sock
 
    def connect(self, data):
        try:
            lock.acquire()
            self.sock.sendall(data + "\n")
            self.received = self.sock.recv(2048)
        finally:
            lock.release()
            return self.received
 
class Dash(object):
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
 
        self.s = (n1.sock.getsockname())
        self.p = (n1.sock.getpeername())
 
 
 
        dash_frame = Toplevel(master, borderwidth = 2, relief = GROOVE, bg = 'black')
        dash_frame.title("Server")
        dash_frame.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.handler)
        dash_frame.resizable(0, 0)
        dash_frame.geometry("300x150+10-10")
        dash_frame.grid()
 
        #self.utc_time = StringVar()
        #Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.utc_time, fg = 'green', bg = 'black').grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.s, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = " < --- > ", bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 1)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.p, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 2, sticky = E)
 
        self.server_msg_l = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.server_msg_l, fg = 'yellow', bg = 'black').grid(row = 2, column = 0, columnspan = 3, sticky = W)
 
        q_button = Button(dash_frame, text = "Quit", command = lambda: close())
        q_button.grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
    def handler(self):
        pass
 
    def up_dash(self):
        self.server_msg = n1.connect("ident")
        self.server_msg_l.set(self.server_msg)
        #self.utc_time.set(time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M", time.gmtime(time.time())))
        return
 
class nRadio(object):
    def __init__(self, master, radio):
        self.master = master
 
        self.radio = radio
        self.num = "".join(("r", self.radio))
 
 
        radio_frame = Frame(master, borderwidth=2, relief=GROOVE)
 
        radio_frame.grid()
        self.smeter_list = []
 
        Label(radio_frame, text="Name", width=10).grid(row=0, column=0)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Freq/kHz", width=10).grid(row=0, column=1)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Mode", width=10).grid(row=0, column=2)
        #Label(radio_frame, text="Signal/dBm", width=10).grid(row=0, column=3)
        #Label(radio_frame, text="Max/dBm", width=10, fg='red').grid(row=0, column=4)
        #Label(radio_frame, text="Ave/dBm", width=10, fg='green').grid(row=0, column=5)
        #Label(radio_frame, text="Min/dBm", width=10, fg='blue').grid(row=0, column=6)
 
        self.name_l = StringVar()
        self.l_name = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.name_l, width=10)
        self.l_name.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
 
        self.freq_l = StringVar()
        self.l_freq = Label(radio_frame, fg='red', textvariable=self.freq_l, width=10)
        self.l_freq.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
 
        self.mode_l = StringVar()
        self.l_mode = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.mode_l, width=10)
        self.l_mode.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=E)
        '''
        self.e_mode = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_mode.grid(row=2, column=2)
        self.e_mode.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_mode(self.num)))
        '''
        #self.e_mode = StringVar()
        self.b_mode_usb = Button(radio_frame, text = "USB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("usb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_usb.grid(row = 3, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_lsb = Button(radio_frame, text = "LSB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("lsb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_lsb.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_cw = Button(radio_frame, text = "CW", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("cw", self.num))
        self.b_mode_cw.grid(row = 4, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_am = Button(radio_frame, text = "AM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("am", self.num))
        self.b_mode_am.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_data = Button(radio_frame, text = "Data", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("data", self.num))
        self.b_mode_data.grid(row = 3, column = 2)
 
        self.b_qsy_up = Button(radio_frame, text = "+1kHz", width = 6, command = lambda: self.qsy_up( self.num))
        self.b_qsy_up.grid(row = 3, column = 3)
 
        self.b_qsy_down = Button(radio_frame, text = "-1kHz", width = 6, command = lambda: self.qsy_down( self.num))
        self.b_qsy_down.grid(row = 4, column = 3)
 
        self.b_update = Button(radio_frame, text = "Get", width = 6, command = lambda:self.get_all())
        self.b_update.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
 
 
        self.smeter_l = StringVar()
        self.l_smeter = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.smeter_l, width=10)
        #self.l_smeter.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.max_var = StringVar()
        self.l_max = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.max_var, width=10)
        #self.l_max.grid(row=1, column=4)
 
        self.ave_var = StringVar()
        self.l_average = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.ave_var, width=10)
        #self.l_average.grid(row=1, column=5)
 
        self.min_var = StringVar()
        self.l_min = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.min_var, width=10)
        #self.l_min.grid(row=1, column=6)
 
        self.e_freq = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_freq.grid(row=2, column=1)
        self.e_freq.focus()
        self.e_freq.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_freq(self.num)))
 
 
 
        self.pre = IntVar()
        self.cb_pre = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable=self.pre, command=lambda: self.preamp_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_pre.grid(row=5, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.l_pre = Label(radio_frame, width=10, text="Preamp")
        self.l_pre.grid(row=5, column=2, sticky=W)
 
        self.att = IntVar()
        self.cb_att = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable=self.att, command=lambda: self.att_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_att.grid(row=6, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.l_att = Label(radio_frame, width=10, text="Att")
        self.l_att.grid(row=6, column=2, sticky=W)
 
        self.set_log = IntVar()
        self.cb_log = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable = self.set_log)
        #self.cb_log.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
 
        self.l_log = Label(radio_frame, width = 10, text = "Log to file...")
        #self.l_log.grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = E)
 
        self.c1 = Canvas(radio_frame, width=260, height=100, bg='black')
        #self.c1.grid(row=2, column=3, columnspan=4, rowspan=3)
 
        name = self.get_name(radio)
 
 
    def get_all(self):
 
        self.get_freq(self.num)
        self.get_mode(self.num)
        #self.get_smeter(self.num)
        self.get_preamp(self.num)
        self.get_atten(self.num)
        #self.graph_points()       
        #self.avg()
        #self.max()
        #self.min()
 
        if self.set_log.get() == 1:
            if int(time.time()) % 10.0 == 0:
                self.write_file()
        return
 
    def get_freq(self, radio):
 
        self.freq = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        self.freq_l.set(self.freq)
        return
 
    def set_freq(self, radio):
        self.freq = str(self.e_freq.get())
        self.newfreq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + self.freq + " " + radio)
        self.e_freq.delete(0, END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def qsy_up(self,radio):
 
        oldf = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        newf = str(float(oldf) + 1)
        freq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def qsy_down(self,radio):
        oldf = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        newf = str(float(oldf) - 1)
        freq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def get_mode(self, radio):
        self.mode = n1.connect("getmode" + " " + radio)
        self.mode_l.set(self.mode)
        return
 
    def set_mode(self, mode, radio):
        #self.mode = str(self.e_mode.get())
        self.newmode = n1.connect("setmode" + " " + mode + " " + radio)
        #self.e_mode.delete(0, END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def get_smeter(self, radio):
        self.smeter = n1.connect("getsmeter" + " " + radio)
        self.smeter_l.set(self.smeter)
        self.smeter_list.append(float(self.smeter))
        if len(self.smeter_list) > 120:
            self.smeter_list.pop(0)
        return
 
    def avg(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        total = 0
        for i in s:
            total += i
        self.av = round((total / len(s)), 1)
        self.ave_var.set(str(self.av))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), fill="green")
        return self.av
 
    def min(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mn = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i < self.mn:
                self.mn = i
        self.min_var.set(str(self.mn))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), fill="blue")
        return self.mn
 
    def max(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mx = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i > self.mx:
                self.mx = i
        self.max_var.set(str(self.mx))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), fill="red")
        return self.mx
 
    def get_preamp(self, radio):
        self.preamp = n1.connect("getpreamp" + " " + radio)
        if self.preamp == "1":
            self.cb_pre.select()
        elif self.preamp == "0":
            self.cb_pre.deselect()
        return
 
    def preamp_onoff(self, radio):
        self.prestate = self.pre.get()
        if self.prestate:
            n1.connect("preampon" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("preampoff" + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def att_onoff(self, radio):
        self.attstate = self.att.get()
        if self.attstate:
            n1.connect("atton" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("attoff" + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
 
    def get_atten(self, radio):
        self.atten = n1.connect("getatt" + " " + radio)
        if self.atten == "1":
            self.cb_att.select()
        elif self.atten == "0":
            self.cb_att.deselect()
        return
 
    def get_name(self, radio):
        print radio
        self.all_names = n1.connect("listradios")
        self.radios = self.all_names.split()
        print self.radios
        self.name = self.radios[int(radio) - 1]
        self.name_l.set(self.name)
        return
 
    def graph_points(self):
        seq = self.smeter_list
        y_stretch = 1
        y_gap = 5
        x_stretch = 0
        x_width = 2
        x_gap = 2
        height = 100
        self.c1.delete(ALL)
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), fill='white')
        for x, y in enumerate(seq):
            yd = y + 123
            x0 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_gap
            y0 = height - (yd * y_stretch + y_gap)
            x1 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_width + x_gap
            y1 = height - y_gap
            self.c1.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill="yellow")
 
    def write_file(self):
        self.filename = self.name+".txt"
        self.f = open(self.filename, 'a+')
        timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
        log = " ".join((timenow, self.name, self.mode, self.freq, self.smeter, self.preamp, self.atten, "\r\n"))
        self.f.write(log)
        self.f.close()
 
def update():
    #loops = 0
 
    try:
        nRadio1.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio2.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio3.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio4.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    d1.up_dash()
    return
 
def main():
    #loops = 0
    while True:
        try:
            nRadio1.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio2.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio3.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio4.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        d1.up_dash()
        #loops += 1
        #print threading.currentThread().name, loops
        time.sleep(5)
 
def close():
    n1.connect("quit")
    root.destroy()
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    version = "v0.4"
    lock = threading.Lock()
    root = Tk()
    #w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    #root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h))
    #root.geometry("300x520+0+0")
    root.title("Netradio " + version)
    #root.withdraw()
    n1 = Network()
    #radio_count = (n1.connect("count"))
    #radio_count = 3
 
    radio_count = int(n1.connect("count"))
    if radio_count > 0:
        nRadio1 = nRadio(root, "1")
    if radio_count > 1:
        nRadio2 = nRadio(root, "2")
    if radio_count > 2:
        nRadio3 = nRadio(root, "3")
    if radio_count > 3:
        nRadio4 = nRadio(root, "4")
 
    d1 = Dash(root)
 
    #print threading.currentThread().name
    #m1 = threading.Thread(target = main)
    #m1.setDaemon(True)
    #m1.start()
 
    update()
 
    root.mainloop()

S-meter display version

gui.py

gui.py

# # new class-based gui
 
from Tkinter import *
import socket
import threading
import time
 
 
 
class Network(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.sock = self.make_con()
 
    def make_con(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.connect(("192.168.21.107", 9999))
        return self.sock
 
    def connect(self, data):
        try:
            lock.acquire()
            self.sock.sendall(data + "\n")
            self.received = self.sock.recv(2048)
        finally:
            lock.release()
            return self.received
 
class Dash(object):
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
 
        self.s = (n1.sock.getsockname())
        self.p = (n1.sock.getpeername())
 
 
 
        dash_frame = Toplevel(master, borderwidth = 2, relief = GROOVE, bg = 'black')
        dash_frame.title("Server")
        dash_frame.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.handler)
        dash_frame.resizable(0, 0)
        dash_frame.geometry("300x150-10+10")
        dash_frame.grid()
 
        self.utc_time = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.utc_time, fg = 'green', bg = 'black').grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.s, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = " < --- > ", bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 1)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.p, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 2, sticky = E)
 
        self.server_msg_l = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.server_msg_l, fg = 'yellow', bg = 'black').grid(row = 2, column = 0, columnspan = 3, sticky = W)
 
        q_button = Button(dash_frame, text = "Quit", command = lambda: close())
        q_button.grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
    def handler(self):
        pass
 
    def up_dash(self):
        self.server_msg = n1.connect("ident")
        self.server_msg_l.set(self.server_msg)
        self.utc_time.set(time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M", time.gmtime(time.time())))
        return
 
class nRadio(object):
    def __init__(self, master, radio):
        self.master = master
 
        self.radio = radio
        self.num = "".join(("r", self.radio))
 
 
        radio_frame = Frame(master, borderwidth=2, relief=GROOVE)
 
        radio_frame.grid()
        self.smeter_list = []
 
        Label(radio_frame, text="Name", width=10).grid(row=0, column=0)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Freq/kHz", width=10).grid(row=0, column=1)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Mode", width=10).grid(row=0, column=2)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Signal/dBm", width=10).grid(row=0, column=3)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Max/dBm", width=10, fg='red').grid(row=0, column=4)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Ave/dBm", width=10, fg='green').grid(row=0, column=5)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Min/dBm", width=10, fg='blue').grid(row=0, column=6)
 
        self.name_l = StringVar()
        self.l_name = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.name_l, width=10)
        self.l_name.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
 
        self.freq_l = StringVar()
        self.l_freq = Label(radio_frame, fg='red', textvariable=self.freq_l, width=10)
        self.l_freq.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
 
        self.mode_l = StringVar()
        self.l_mode = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.mode_l, width=10)
        self.l_mode.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=E)
        '''
        self.e_mode = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_mode.grid(row=2, column=2)
        self.e_mode.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_mode(self.num)))
        '''
        #self.e_mode = StringVar()
        self.b_mode_usb = Button(radio_frame, text = "USB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("usb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_usb.grid(row = 3, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_lsb = Button(radio_frame, text = "LSB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("lsb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_lsb.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_cw = Button(radio_frame, text = "CW", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("cw", self.num))
        self.b_mode_cw.grid(row = 4, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_am = Button(radio_frame, text = "AM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("am", self.num))
        self.b_mode_am.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_data = Button(radio_frame, text = "Data", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("data", self.num))
        self.b_mode_data.grid(row = 3, column = 2)
 
        self.smeter_l = StringVar()
        self.l_smeter = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.smeter_l, width=10)
        self.l_smeter.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.max_var = StringVar()
        self.l_max = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.max_var, width=10)
        self.l_max.grid(row=1, column=4)
 
        self.ave_var = StringVar()
        self.l_average = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.ave_var, width=10)
        self.l_average.grid(row=1, column=5)
 
        self.min_var = StringVar()
        self.l_min = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.min_var, width=10)
        self.l_min.grid(row=1, column=6)
 
        self.e_freq = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_freq.grid(row=2, column=1)
        self.e_freq.focus()
        self.e_freq.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_freq(self.num)))
 
 
 
        self.pre = IntVar()
        self.cb_pre = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable=self.pre, command=lambda: self.preamp_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_pre.grid(row=5, column=4, sticky=E)
 
        self.l_pre = Label(radio_frame, width=10, text="Preamp")
        self.l_pre.grid(row=5, column=3, sticky=W)
 
        self.att = IntVar()
        self.cb_att = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable=self.att, command=lambda: self.att_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_att.grid(row=6, column=4, sticky=E)
 
        self.l_att = Label(radio_frame, width=10, text="Att")
        self.l_att.grid(row=6, column=3, sticky=W)
 
        self.set_log = IntVar()
        self.cb_log = Checkbutton(radio_frame, variable = self.set_log)
        self.cb_log.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
 
        self.l_log = Label(radio_frame, width = 10, text = "Log to file...")
        self.l_log.grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = E)
 
        self.c1 = Canvas(radio_frame, width=260, height=100, bg='black')
        self.c1.grid(row=2, column=3, columnspan=4, rowspan=3)
 
        name = self.get_name(radio)
 
 
    def get_all(self):
 
        self.get_freq(self.num)
        self.get_mode(self.num)
        self.get_smeter(self.num)
        self.get_preamp(self.num)
        self.get_atten(self.num)
        self.graph_points()       
        self.avg()
        self.max()
        self.min()
 
        if self.set_log.get() == 1:
            if int(time.time()) % 10.0 == 0:
                self.write_file()
        return
 
    def get_freq(self, radio):
 
        self.freq = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        self.freq_l.set(self.freq)
        return
 
    def set_freq(self, radio):
        self.freq = str(self.e_freq.get())
        self.newfreq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + self.freq + " " + radio)
        self.e_freq.delete(0, END)
 
        return
 
    def get_mode(self, radio):
        self.mode = n1.connect("getmode" + " " + radio)
        self.mode_l.set(self.mode)
        return
 
    def set_mode(self, mode, radio):
        #self.mode = str(self.e_mode.get())
        self.newmode = n1.connect("setmode" + " " + mode + " " + radio)
        #self.e_mode.delete(0, END)
        return
 
    def get_smeter(self, radio):
        self.smeter = n1.connect("getsmeter" + " " + radio)
        self.smeter_l.set(self.smeter)
        self.smeter_list.append(float(self.smeter))
        if len(self.smeter_list) > 120:
            self.smeter_list.pop(0)
        return
 
    def avg(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        total = 0
        for i in s:
            total += i
        self.av = round((total / len(s)), 1)
        self.ave_var.set(str(self.av))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), fill="green")
        return self.av
 
    def min(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mn = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i < self.mn:
                self.mn = i
        self.min_var.set(str(self.mn))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), fill="blue")
        return self.mn
 
    def max(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mx = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i > self.mx:
                self.mx = i
        self.max_var.set(str(self.mx))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), fill="red")
        return self.mx
 
    def get_preamp(self, radio):
        self.preamp = n1.connect("getpreamp" + " " + radio)
        if self.preamp == "1":
            self.cb_pre.select()
        elif self.preamp == "0":
            self.cb_pre.deselect()
        return
 
    def preamp_onoff(self, radio):
        self.prestate = self.pre.get()
        if self.prestate:
            n1.connect("preampon" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("preampoff" + " " + radio)
        return
 
    def att_onoff(self, radio):
        self.attstate = self.att.get()
        if self.attstate:
            n1.connect("atton" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("attoff" + " " + radio)
        return
 
 
    def get_atten(self, radio):
        self.atten = n1.connect("getatt" + " " + radio)
        if self.atten == "1":
            self.cb_att.select()
        elif self.atten == "0":
            self.cb_att.deselect()
        return
 
    def get_name(self, radio):
        print radio
        self.all_names = n1.connect("listradios")
        self.radios = self.all_names.split()
        print self.radios
        self.name = self.radios[int(radio) - 1]
        self.name_l.set(self.name)
        return
 
    def graph_points(self):
        seq = self.smeter_list
        y_stretch = 1
        y_gap = 5
        x_stretch = 0
        x_width = 2
        x_gap = 2
        height = 100
        self.c1.delete(ALL)
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), fill='white')
        for x, y in enumerate(seq):
            yd = y + 123
            x0 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_gap
            y0 = height - (yd * y_stretch + y_gap)
            x1 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_width + x_gap
            y1 = height - y_gap
            self.c1.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill="yellow")
 
    def write_file(self):
        self.filename = self.name+".txt"
        self.f = open(self.filename, 'a+')
        timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
        log = " ".join((timenow, self.name, self.mode, self.freq, self.smeter, self.preamp, self.atten, "\r\n"))
        self.f.write(log)
        self.f.close()
 
 
 
def main():
    #loops = 0
    while True:
        try:
            nRadio1.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio2.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio3.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio4.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        d1.up_dash()
        #loops += 1
        #print threading.currentThread().name, loops
        time.sleep(1)
 
def close():
    n1.connect("quit")
    root.destroy()
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    version = "v0.3"
    lock = threading.Lock()
    root = Tk()
    #w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    #root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h))
    root.geometry("550x600+0+0")
    root.title("GM4SLV Radio Controller " + version)
    #root.withdraw()
    n1 = Network()
    #radio_count = (n1.connect("count"))
    #radio_count = 3
 
    radio_count = int(n1.connect("count"))
    if radio_count > 0:
        nRadio1 = nRadio(root, "1")
    if radio_count > 1:
        nRadio2 = nRadio(root, "2")
    if radio_count > 2:
        nRadio3 = nRadio(root, "3")
    if radio_count > 3:
        nRadio4 = nRadio(root, "4")
 
    d1 = Dash(root)
 
    #print threading.currentThread().name
    m1 = threading.Thread(target = main)
    m1.setDaemon(True)
    m1.start()
 
 
 
    root.mainloop()

Further Information

60m Transceiver

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 09:44:34 +0000

←Arduino Projects

60m Transceiver

The 60m transceiver has the following features, which vary according to the loaded firmware

Channelized operation
LCD display
- Frequency
- Mode (SSB / CW)
- Modulation Source (Mic/Key/Data)
- RX / TX status
9MHz IF with Xtal filter
SSB & CW set via mode switch
Approx 3W PEP
Digital mode input/output and PTT via 9-pin D
SSB Mic input via 8-pin round “Icom” connector
Modulation Source (Mic or Data) can chosen via select switch
Scan start switch - scan a preset group of channels - cycles continuously, no “squelch”
- Use of Jenal SC2 CCIR493 Selcal microphone can be supported - including scanning

Arduino Versions

There are several different firmware versions….this is just a sample…

RX Only, with SSB, CW & scan

gm4slv_60m_channels_cwscan_noptt_new_calibration_130523.ino

Firmware (Click to view)

#include <rgb_lcd.h>
#include <si5351.h>
 
char version[] = "v0.1";
 
const long channel_array[] = 
{
5258500,5260000,5261000,5262000,5263000, 5276000,
5278500,5279000,5287200,5290000,5298000,
5301000,5304000,5317000,5320000,5333000,
5334000,5335000,5354000,5355000,5362000,
5363000,5364700,5366500,5371500,5378000,
5379000,5395000,5398500,5403500,
5345000,5245000,5450000,5505000,5680000,
5195000,5616000,5649000
} ;
 
const long scan_array[] = 
{
 5260000,5261000,
 5262000,5263000,
 5366500,5354000,
 5355000,
} ;
 
 
const int mems = sizeof(channel_array)/sizeof(long);
 
const int scan_mems = sizeof(scan_array)/sizeof(long);
 
// the last "no_scan" number channels of
// channel_array are not to be scanned. 
// Put the channels not to be scanned last 
// in the array and update no_scan to reflect. 
 
const int no_scan = 0; 
 
const long bandStart = 5000000;    
const long bandEnd = 6000000;
const long txcio = 9001200;
 
const long cwoffset = 600;
const long filteroffset = 500;
 
volatile int channel = 01;
 
volatile long freq = channel_array[channel];  //      
volatile long oldfreq = 0;
 
 
 
 
 
volatile long currentfreq = 0;
volatile int updatedisplay = 0;
 
// Rotary encoder pins and other inputs
static const int rotAPin = 2;
static const int rotBPin = 3;
static const int pushSwPin = 4;
static const int mictxrxPin = 5;
static const int txRLA1Pin = 7;
static const int txRLA2Pin = 6;
static const int datatxrxPin = 8;
static const int modRLAPin = 9;
static const int modeSWPin = 11;
static const int scanSWPin = 10;
 
volatile int scanning = 0;
volatile int old_scanning = 0;
 
volatile int tx = 0;
volatile int oldtxrx = 0;
 
volatile int mod = 0;
volatile int oldmod = 0;
 
volatile int channel_freq = 0; // push-button to toggle tune method
volatile int old_channel_freq = 0;
 
volatile long scan_freq = scan_array[channel];
volatile long old_scan_freq = 0;
 
volatile int mode = 1; // 1 = USB/LSB, 0 = CW 
volatile int oldmode = 0;
 
// Rotary encoder variables, used by interrupt routines
volatile int rotState = 0;
volatile int rotAval = 1;
volatile int rotBval = 1;
 
 
int digit1 = 0;
int digit2 = 0;
int digit3 = 0;
int digit4 = 0;   
int digit5 = 0;
int digit6 = 0;
int digit7 = 0;
 
// Instantiate the Objects
rgb_lcd lcd;
Si5351 si5351;
 
 
 
byte customChar[8] = {
  0b11111,
  0b11011,
  0b11001,
  0b00000,
  0b11001,
  0b11011,
  0b11111,
  0b11111
};
 
 
 
void setup()
{
 
 
  // Set up frequency and radix switches
  pinMode(rotAPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(rotBPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(pushSwPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
  pinMode(mictxrxPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(datatxrxPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
  pinMode(modeSWPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(scanSWPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(txRLA1Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(txRLA2Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(modRLAPin, OUTPUT);
 
  digitalWrite(txRLA1Pin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(txRLA2Pin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(modRLAPin, LOW);
 
  // Set up interrupt pins
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(rotAPin), ISRrotAChange, CHANGE);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(rotBPin), ISRrotBChange, CHANGE);
 
  // Initialize the display
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
 
lcd.createChar(0, customChar); // create a new custom character
 
  lcd.cursor();
 
  // Initialize the Si5351
 
  //si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, -31200);         // 
  //si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);   // 2 mA for HB mixers
  //si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK2, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);   // 2 mA for HB mixers
 
  si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, 0);
  si5351.set_correction(-34976, SI5351_PLL_INPUT_XO);
  si5351.set_pll(SI5351_PLL_FIXED, SI5351_PLLA);
  si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
  si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK2, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
 
 
  // Update display and send start frequency
  UpdateDisplay();
  SendFrequency();
}
 
 
void loop()
{
 
  CheckScanSwitch();
 
  //CheckTXSwitch();
 
  //CheckModSwitch();
 
  CheckModeSwitch();
 
  // Check to see if the freq has changed
  currentfreq = getfreq();                      // Interrupt safe method to get the current frequency
 
  if (currentfreq != oldfreq)
  {
 
    oldfreq = currentfreq;
 
    UpdateDisplay();
    SendFrequency();
 
  }
 
  // Check the rotary encoder (radix) swith
  if (digitalRead(pushSwPin) == LOW)           // Read the rotary encoder switch
  {
    delay(500);
    if (digitalRead(pushSwPin) == LOW)
    {
 
    if (channel_freq == 1)
    {
      channel_freq = 0;
    }
    else if (channel_freq == 0)
    {
      channel_freq = 1;
    }
    //delay(50);
 
    UpdateDisplay();
 
    }
  }
 
} // end of main loop
 
 
long getfreq()
{
  long temp_freq;
  cli();
  temp_freq = freq;
  sei();
  return temp_freq;
}
 
void CheckScanSwitch()
{
 if (digitalRead(scanSWPin) == 0)
 
    {
 
      scanning  = 1;
      scan_freq = 0;
      channel = channel + 1;
 
      if (channel > scan_mems - (no_scan + 1))
            {
              channel = 0;
            }
 
      freq = scan_array[channel];
 
      UpdateDisplay();
      SendFrequency();
      delay(500);
    }
    else
    {
 
 
      if (scanning != old_scanning)
      {
        scanning = 0;
        UpdateDisplay();
      }
      old_scanning = scanning;
    }
 
}
 
//void CheckModSwitch()
//{
//  if (digitalRead(modSWPin) == 0)
//      mod = 0;                             // 0 = Phone
//  else if (digitalRead(modSWPin) == 1)
//      mod = 1;                                 // 1=Data
 
 
//  if (mod != oldmod)
//  {
//    if ( mod == 0)
//      {
//        digitalWrite(modRLAPin,LOW);
//      }
//    else
//      {
//        digitalWrite(modRLAPin,HIGH);
//      } 
//    UpdateDisplay();
//    SendFrequency();
//    oldmod = mod;
//  }
//}
 
 
void CheckModeSwitch()
{
  if (digitalRead(modeSWPin) == 0)
      mode = 0;                             // 0 = CW
  else if (digitalRead(modeSWPin) == 1)
      mode = 1;                                 // 1=SSB
 
 
  if (mode != oldmode)
  {
    if ( mode == 0)
      {
 
      }
    else
      {
 
      } 
    UpdateDisplay();
    SendFrequency();
    oldmode = mode;
  }
}
 
 
 
void CheckTXSwitch()
{
  if (scanning == 0)
  {
  if (digitalRead(mictxrxPin) == 0)
 
  {
    tx = 1;                             // 1=TX
    mod = 0;
 
   }  else if (digitalRead(datatxrxPin) == 0)
 
  {  tx = 1;
     mod = 1;
 
  }  else if (digitalRead(mictxrxPin) == 1)
 
  {  tx = 0;                                 // 0=Phone
 
  } else if (digitalRead(datatxrxPin) == 1)
 
 {   tx = 0;
 
 }
 
  if (tx != oldtxrx)
  {
    if ( tx == 1)
      {
        if ( mod == 0 )
        {
          digitalWrite(modRLAPin,LOW);
        }
        else if ( mod == 1 )
        {
          digitalWrite(modRLAPin,HIGH);
        }
        digitalWrite(txRLA1Pin,HIGH);
        digitalWrite(txRLA2Pin,HIGH);
      }
    else
      {
        digitalWrite(txRLA1Pin,LOW);
        digitalWrite(txRLA2Pin,LOW);   
      }
    UpdateDisplay();
    SendFrequency();
    oldtxrx = tx;
  }
}
}
 
// Interrupt routines
void ISRrotAChange()
{
  if (digitalRead(rotAPin))
  {
    rotAval = 1;
    UpdateRot();
  }
  else
  {
    rotAval = 0;
    UpdateRot();
  }
}
 
 
void ISRrotBChange()
{
  if (digitalRead(rotBPin))
  {
    rotBval = 1;
    UpdateRot();
  }
  else
  {
    rotBval = 0;
    UpdateRot();
  }
}
 
 
// Determine which way the rotary encoder is rotating and action as required
void UpdateRot()
{
  switch (rotState)
  {
    case 0:                                         // Idle state, look for direction
      if (!rotBval)
        rotState = 1;                               // CW 1
      if (!rotAval)
        rotState = 11;                              // CCW 1
      break;
 
    case 1:                                         // CW, wait for A low while B is low
      if (!rotBval)
      {
        if (!rotAval)
        {
          // either increment the radix or freq
          if (channel_freq == 1)
          {
            updatedisplay = 1;
            if (mode == 1)
            {
            freq = freq + 500;
            }
            else
            {
              freq = freq + 100;
            }
            if (freq > bandEnd)
            {
              freq = bandEnd;
            }
 
          }
          else
          {
            channel = channel + 1;
 
            if (channel > mems -1)
            {
              channel = 0;
            }
            freq = channel_array[channel]; 
          }
          rotState = 2;                             // CW 2
        }
      }
      else if (rotAval)
        rotState = 0;                               // It was just a glitch on B, go back to start
      break;
 
    case 2:                                         // CW, wait for B high
      if (rotBval)
        rotState = 3;                               // CW 3
      break;
 
    case 3:                                         // CW, wait for A high
      if (rotAval)
        rotState = 0;                               // back to idle (detent) state
      break;
 
    case 11:                                        // CCW, wait for B low while A is low
      if (!rotAval)
      {
        if (!rotBval)
        {
          if ( channel_freq == 1 )
          {
            updatedisplay = 1;
 
            if (mode == 1)
            {
            freq = freq - 500;
            }
            else
            {
              freq = freq - 100;
            }
 
            if (freq < bandStart)
            {
              freq = bandStart;
            }
          }
          else
          {
            channel = channel - 1;
 
            if (channel < 0)
             {
              channel = mems - 1;
             }
            freq = channel_array[channel];
 
          }
          rotState = 12;                            // CCW 2
        }
      }
      else if (rotBval)
        rotState = 0;                               // It was just a glitch on A, go back to start
      break;
 
    case 12:                                        // CCW, wait for A high
      if (rotAval)
        rotState = 13;                              // CCW 3
      break;
 
    case 13:                                        // CCW, wait for B high
      if (rotBval)
        rotState = 0;                               // back to idle (detent) state
      break;
  }
}
 
 
void UpdateDisplay()
{
 
 
    digit1 = (freq%10);
    digit2 = ((freq/10)%10);
    digit3 = ((freq/100)%10);
    digit4 = ((freq/1000)%10);   
    digit5 = ((freq/10000)%10);
    digit6 = ((freq/100000)%10);
    digit7 = ((freq/1000000)%10);
 
 
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print(digit7);
  lcd.setCursor(1,0);
  lcd.print(",");
  lcd.setCursor(2,0);
  lcd.print(digit6);
  lcd.setCursor(3,0);
  lcd.print(digit5);
  lcd.setCursor(4,0);
  lcd.print(digit4);
  lcd.setCursor(5,0);
  lcd.print(".");
  lcd.setCursor(6,0);
  lcd.print(digit3);
  lcd.setCursor(7,0);
  lcd.print(digit2);
 
  lcd.setCursor(8,0);
  lcd.print("kHz");
 
 
 
 
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.print("        ");
 
 
 
  lcd.setCursor(channel,1); 
 
 
if (scanning == 1)
{
   // lcd.print("|");
 
  lcd.write((byte)0);  // print the custom char at (2, 0)
}
 
 /*
  //if (channel < 10)
  //{
  //lcd.print("0");
  //}
  //lcd.print(channel);
 
 lcd.setCursor(0,1);
 if (freq == 5287200 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("WSPR1");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5290000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("ORK");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5364700 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("WSPR2");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5450000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("RAF");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5505000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("EIP");
 }
 
if (freq == 5317000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("VMARS");
 }
 
if (freq == 5366500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FK");
 }
 
if (freq == 5258500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FA");
 }
 
if (freq == 5278500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FB");
 }
 
if (freq == 5288500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FC");
 }
 
if (freq == 5371500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FL");
 }
 
if (freq == 5398500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FE");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5403500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FM");
 }
 
if (freq == 5195000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("DRA5");
 }
 
if (freq == 5262000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("QRP CW");
 }
 
 
if ((freq >= 5259000) && (freq < 5262000) )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("CW");
 }
 
 
 
*/
 
 
 
 
 lcd.setCursor(14,0);
 
if (tx == 0)
   { lcd.print("RX");
 
   } else if (tx == 1)
   {
    lcd.print("TX");
  }
 
  lcd.setCursor(8,1);
  if (mode == 1)
  {
    lcd.print("SSB");
  }
  if (mode == 0)
  {
    lcd.print(" CW");
  }
 
  lcd.setCursor(12,1);
  if ( mode == 0 )
  {
    lcd.print(" Key");
    //lcd.print(version);
  }
  else
 
  {
    if (mod == 0)
  {
    lcd.print(" Mic");
    //lcd.print(version);
  }
  else
  {
   lcd.print("Data");
   //lcd.print(version);
  }
}
if (channel_freq == 1)
{
  if (mode == 1)
  {
    lcd.setCursor(6,0);
  }
  else if ( mode == 0 )
  {
    lcd.setCursor(7,0);
  }
  lcd.blink();
}
else
{
  lcd.noBlink();
}
} // end of updatedisplay()
 
 
void SendFrequency()
 
 
 
 
{
 
if (mode == 1 ) // SSB
 
  {
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio + freq) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);     // VFO
    si5351.set_freq((txcio * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2);              // BFO
 
  }
 
else if (mode == 0) // CW
 
  if ( tx == 0 )
 
  {
 
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio + freq - cwoffset - filteroffset) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);    // VFO
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio  - filteroffset) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2);                     // BFO
 
  }
 
  else if (tx == 1 )
 
  {
 
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio + freq - cwoffset - filteroffset) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);    // VFO
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio - cwoffset - filteroffset) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2);           // BFO
 
  }
 
} // end of sendfrequency()

Full TX/RX - with SSB, CW & Scan

gm4slv_60m_channels_cwscan_ptt_new_calibration_230823.ino

Firmware (Click to view)

#include <rgb_lcd.h>
#include <si5351.h>
 
char version[] = "v0.1";
 
const long channel_array[] = 
{
5258500,5260000,5261000,5262000,5263000, 5276000,
5278500,5279000,5287200,5290000,5298000,
5301000,5304000,5317000,5320000,5333000,
5334000,5335000,5354000,5355000,5362000,
5363000,5364700,5366500,5371500,5378000,
5379000,5395000,5398500,5403500,
5345000,5245000,5450000,5505000,5680000,
5195000,5616000,5649000
} ;
 
const long scan_array[] = 
{
 5260000,5261000,
 5262000,5263000,
 5366500,5354000,
 5355000,
} ;
 
 
const int mems = sizeof(channel_array)/sizeof(long);
 
const int scan_mems = sizeof(scan_array)/sizeof(long);
 
// the last "no_scan" number channels of
// channel_array are not to be scanned. 
// Put the channels not to be scanned last 
// in the array and update no_scan to reflect. 
 
const int no_scan = 0; 
 
const long bandStart = 5000000;    
const long bandEnd = 6000000;
const long txcio = 9001200;
 
const long cwoffset = 600;
const long filteroffset = 500;
 
volatile int channel = 01;
 
volatile long freq = channel_array[channel];  //      
volatile long oldfreq = 0;
 
 
 
 
 
volatile long currentfreq = 0;
volatile int updatedisplay = 0;
 
// Rotary encoder pins and other inputs
static const int rotAPin = 2;
static const int rotBPin = 3;
static const int pushSwPin = 4;
static const int mictxrxPin = 5;
static const int txRLA1Pin = 7;
static const int txRLA2Pin = 6;
static const int datatxrxPin = 8;
static const int modRLAPin = 9;
static const int modeSWPin = 11;
static const int scanSWPin = 10;
 
volatile int scanning = 0;
volatile int old_scanning = 0;
 
volatile int tx = 0;
volatile int oldtxrx = 0;
 
volatile int mod = 0;
volatile int oldmod = 0;
 
volatile int channel_freq = 0; // push-button to toggle tune method
volatile int old_channel_freq = 0;
 
volatile long scan_freq = scan_array[channel];
volatile long old_scan_freq = 0;
 
volatile int mode = 1; // 1 = USB/LSB, 0 = CW 
volatile int oldmode = 0;
 
// Rotary encoder variables, used by interrupt routines
volatile int rotState = 0;
volatile int rotAval = 1;
volatile int rotBval = 1;
 
 
int digit1 = 0;
int digit2 = 0;
int digit3 = 0;
int digit4 = 0;   
int digit5 = 0;
int digit6 = 0;
int digit7 = 0;
 
// Instantiate the Objects
rgb_lcd lcd;
Si5351 si5351;
 
 
 
byte customChar[8] = {
  0b11111,
  0b11011,
  0b11001,
  0b00000,
  0b11001,
  0b11011,
  0b11111,
  0b11111
};
 
 
 
void setup()
{
 
 
  // Set up frequency and radix switches
  pinMode(rotAPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(rotBPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(pushSwPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
  pinMode(mictxrxPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(datatxrxPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
  pinMode(modeSWPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(scanSWPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(txRLA1Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(txRLA2Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(modRLAPin, OUTPUT);
 
  digitalWrite(txRLA1Pin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(txRLA2Pin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(modRLAPin, LOW);
 
  // Set up interrupt pins
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(rotAPin), ISRrotAChange, CHANGE);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(rotBPin), ISRrotBChange, CHANGE);
 
  // Initialize the display
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
 
lcd.createChar(0, customChar); // create a new custom character
 
  lcd.cursor();
 
  // Initialize the Si5351
 
  //si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, -31200);         // 
  //si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);   // 2 mA for HB mixers
  //si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK2, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);   // 2 mA for HB mixers
 
  si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, 0);
  si5351.set_correction(-34976, SI5351_PLL_INPUT_XO);
  si5351.set_pll(SI5351_PLL_FIXED, SI5351_PLLA);
  si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
  si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK2, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
 
 
  // Update display and send start frequency
  UpdateDisplay();
  SendFrequency();
}
 
 
void loop()
{
 
  CheckScanSwitch();
 
  CheckTXSwitch();
 
  //CheckModSwitch();
 
  CheckModeSwitch();
 
  // Check to see if the freq has changed
  currentfreq = getfreq();                      // Interrupt safe method to get the current frequency
 
  if (currentfreq != oldfreq)
  {
 
    oldfreq = currentfreq;
 
    UpdateDisplay();
    SendFrequency();
 
  }
 
  // Check the rotary encoder (radix) swith
  if (digitalRead(pushSwPin) == LOW)           // Read the rotary encoder switch
  {
    delay(500);
    if (digitalRead(pushSwPin) == LOW)
    {
 
    if (channel_freq == 1)
    {
      channel_freq = 0;
    }
    else if (channel_freq == 0)
    {
      channel_freq = 1;
    }
    //delay(50);
 
    UpdateDisplay();
 
    }
  }
 
} // end of main loop
 
 
long getfreq()
{
  long temp_freq;
  cli();
  temp_freq = freq;
  sei();
  return temp_freq;
}
 
void CheckScanSwitch()
{
 if (digitalRead(scanSWPin) == 0)
 
    {
 
      scanning  = 1;
      scan_freq = 0;
      channel = channel + 1;
 
      if (channel > scan_mems - (no_scan + 1))
            {
              channel = 0;
            }
 
      freq = scan_array[channel];
 
      UpdateDisplay();
      SendFrequency();
      delay(500);
    }
    else
    {
 
 
      if (scanning != old_scanning)
      {
        scanning = 0;
        UpdateDisplay();
      }
      old_scanning = scanning;
    }
 
}
 
//void CheckModSwitch()
//{
//  if (digitalRead(modSWPin) == 0)
//      mod = 0;                             // 0 = Phone
//  else if (digitalRead(modSWPin) == 1)
//      mod = 1;                                 // 1=Data
 
 
//  if (mod != oldmod)
//  {
//    if ( mod == 0)
//      {
//        digitalWrite(modRLAPin,LOW);
//      }
//    else
//      {
//        digitalWrite(modRLAPin,HIGH);
//      } 
//    UpdateDisplay();
//    SendFrequency();
//    oldmod = mod;
//  }
//}
 
 
void CheckModeSwitch()
{
  if (digitalRead(modeSWPin) == 0)
      mode = 0;                             // 0 = CW
  else if (digitalRead(modeSWPin) == 1)
      mode = 1;                                 // 1=SSB
 
 
  if (mode != oldmode)
  {
    if ( mode == 0)
      {
 
      }
    else
      {
 
      } 
    UpdateDisplay();
    SendFrequency();
    oldmode = mode;
  }
}
 
 
 
void CheckTXSwitch()
{
  if (scanning == 0)
  {
  if (digitalRead(mictxrxPin) == 0)
 
  {
    tx = 1;                             // 1=TX
    mod = 0;
 
   }  else if (digitalRead(datatxrxPin) == 0)
 
  {  tx = 1;
     mod = 1;
 
  }  else if (digitalRead(mictxrxPin) == 1)
 
  {  tx = 0;                                 // 0=Phone
 
  } else if (digitalRead(datatxrxPin) == 1)
 
 {   tx = 0;
 
 }
 
  if (tx != oldtxrx)
  {
    if ( tx == 1)
      {
        if ( mod == 0 )
        {
          digitalWrite(modRLAPin,LOW);
        }
        else if ( mod == 1 )
        {
          digitalWrite(modRLAPin,HIGH);
        }
        digitalWrite(txRLA1Pin,HIGH);
        digitalWrite(txRLA2Pin,HIGH);
      }
    else
      {
        digitalWrite(txRLA1Pin,LOW);
        digitalWrite(txRLA2Pin,LOW);   
      }
    UpdateDisplay();
    SendFrequency();
    oldtxrx = tx;
  }
}
}
 
// Interrupt routines
void ISRrotAChange()
{
  if (digitalRead(rotAPin))
  {
    rotAval = 1;
    UpdateRot();
  }
  else
  {
    rotAval = 0;
    UpdateRot();
  }
}
 
 
void ISRrotBChange()
{
  if (digitalRead(rotBPin))
  {
    rotBval = 1;
    UpdateRot();
  }
  else
  {
    rotBval = 0;
    UpdateRot();
  }
}
 
 
// Determine which way the rotary encoder is rotating and action as required
void UpdateRot()
{
  switch (rotState)
  {
    case 0:                                         // Idle state, look for direction
      if (!rotBval)
        rotState = 1;                               // CW 1
      if (!rotAval)
        rotState = 11;                              // CCW 1
      break;
 
    case 1:                                         // CW, wait for A low while B is low
      if (!rotBval)
      {
        if (!rotAval)
        {
          // either increment the radix or freq
          if (channel_freq == 1)
          {
            updatedisplay = 1;
            if (mode == 1)
            {
            freq = freq + 500;
            }
            else
            {
              freq = freq + 100;
            }
            if (freq > bandEnd)
            {
              freq = bandEnd;
            }
 
          }
          else
          {
            channel = channel + 1;
 
            if (channel > mems -1)
            {
              channel = 0;
            }
            freq = channel_array[channel]; 
          }
          rotState = 2;                             // CW 2
        }
      }
      else if (rotAval)
        rotState = 0;                               // It was just a glitch on B, go back to start
      break;
 
    case 2:                                         // CW, wait for B high
      if (rotBval)
        rotState = 3;                               // CW 3
      break;
 
    case 3:                                         // CW, wait for A high
      if (rotAval)
        rotState = 0;                               // back to idle (detent) state
      break;
 
    case 11:                                        // CCW, wait for B low while A is low
      if (!rotAval)
      {
        if (!rotBval)
        {
          if ( channel_freq == 1 )
          {
            updatedisplay = 1;
 
            if (mode == 1)
            {
            freq = freq - 500;
            }
            else
            {
              freq = freq - 100;
            }
 
            if (freq < bandStart)
            {
              freq = bandStart;
            }
          }
          else
          {
            channel = channel - 1;
 
            if (channel < 0)
             {
              channel = mems - 1;
             }
            freq = channel_array[channel];
 
          }
          rotState = 12;                            // CCW 2
        }
      }
      else if (rotBval)
        rotState = 0;                               // It was just a glitch on A, go back to start
      break;
 
    case 12:                                        // CCW, wait for A high
      if (rotAval)
        rotState = 13;                              // CCW 3
      break;
 
    case 13:                                        // CCW, wait for B high
      if (rotBval)
        rotState = 0;                               // back to idle (detent) state
      break;
  }
}
 
 
void UpdateDisplay()
{
 
 
    digit1 = (freq%10);
    digit2 = ((freq/10)%10);
    digit3 = ((freq/100)%10);
    digit4 = ((freq/1000)%10);   
    digit5 = ((freq/10000)%10);
    digit6 = ((freq/100000)%10);
    digit7 = ((freq/1000000)%10);
 
 
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print(digit7);
  lcd.setCursor(1,0);
  lcd.print(",");
  lcd.setCursor(2,0);
  lcd.print(digit6);
  lcd.setCursor(3,0);
  lcd.print(digit5);
  lcd.setCursor(4,0);
  lcd.print(digit4);
  lcd.setCursor(5,0);
  lcd.print(".");
  lcd.setCursor(6,0);
  lcd.print(digit3);
  lcd.setCursor(7,0);
  lcd.print(digit2);
 
  lcd.setCursor(8,0);
  lcd.print("kHz");
 
 
 
 
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.print("        ");
 
 
 
  lcd.setCursor(channel,1); 
 
 
if (scanning == 1)
{
   // lcd.print("|");
 
  lcd.write((byte)0);  // print the custom char at (2, 0)
}
 
 /*
  //if (channel < 10)
  //{
  //lcd.print("0");
  //}
  //lcd.print(channel);
 
 lcd.setCursor(0,1);
 if (freq == 5287200 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("WSPR1");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5290000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("ORK");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5364700 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("WSPR2");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5450000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("RAF");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5505000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("EIP");
 }
 
if (freq == 5317000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("VMARS");
 }
 
if (freq == 5366500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FK");
 }
 
if (freq == 5258500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FA");
 }
 
if (freq == 5278500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FB");
 }
 
if (freq == 5288500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FC");
 }
 
if (freq == 5371500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FL");
 }
 
if (freq == 5398500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FE");
 }
 
 if (freq == 5403500 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("FM");
 }
 
if (freq == 5195000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("DRA5");
 }
 
if (freq == 5262000 )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("QRP CW");
 }
 
 
if ((freq >= 5259000) && (freq < 5262000) )
 {
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  //lcd.print("    ");
  //lcd.setCursor(3,1);
  lcd.print("CW");
 }
 
 
 
*/
 
 
 
 
 lcd.setCursor(14,0);
 
if (tx == 0)
   { lcd.print("RX");
 
   } else if (tx == 1)
   {
    lcd.print("TX");
  }
 
  lcd.setCursor(8,1);
  if (mode == 1)
  {
    lcd.print("SSB");
  }
  if (mode == 0)
  {
    lcd.print(" CW");
  }
 
  lcd.setCursor(12,1);
  if ( mode == 0 )
  {
    lcd.print(" Key");
    //lcd.print(version);
  }
  else
 
  {
    if (mod == 0)
  {
    lcd.print(" Mic");
    //lcd.print(version);
  }
  else
  {
   lcd.print("Data");
   //lcd.print(version);
  }
}
if (channel_freq == 1)
{
  if (mode == 1)
  {
    lcd.setCursor(6,0);
  }
  else if ( mode == 0 )
  {
    lcd.setCursor(7,0);
  }
  lcd.blink();
}
else
{
  lcd.noBlink();
}
} // end of updatedisplay()
 
 
void SendFrequency()
 
 
 
 
{
 
if (mode == 1 ) // SSB
 
  {
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio + freq) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);     // VFO
    si5351.set_freq((txcio * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2);              // BFO
 
  }
 
else if (mode == 0) // CW
 
  if ( tx == 0 )
 
  {
 
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio + freq - cwoffset - filteroffset) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);    // VFO
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio  - filteroffset) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2);                     // BFO
 
  }
 
  else if (tx == 1 )
 
  {
 
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio + freq - cwoffset - filteroffset) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);    // VFO
    si5351.set_freq(((txcio - cwoffset - filteroffset) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK2);           // BFO
 
  }
 
} // end of sendfrequency()

Further Information

Page created : 11/07/26 10:09 BST

Page updated : 01/01/70 01:00 BST

radio, arduino

Comparison - The Thief Of Joy

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 18 Apr 2026 18:04:20 +0000

Comparison - The Thief Of Joy

As I mentioned in another post, I've rekindled my interest in playing musical instruments….

I'm learning the Alto recorder and I've got my mandolin down off of its hanger.

I haven't (yet) exhumed my D/G melodeon from its case, hiding on top of the bookshelf, but that's only a matter of time, surely?

I've dipped in and out of playing music all my life and never got to the stage where I feel I'm any good at it.

This isn't false modesty. I just haven't ever got past the “advanced-beginner-early-intermediate” stage, got to the point where I'm comfortable playing (in public/with an audience etc), to where I make few mistakes, where I can get through a tune if not artistically, then at least competently.

I've tried, over the years:

Recorder
Guitar
Piano
Mandolin
Bodhran
Tin Whistle
Melodoen

![mandolin1](/content/images/comparison-the-thief-of-joy/mandolin1.jpg)

I played recorder at primary school, and learned to read music. I had piano lessons at age 12, or so. I never liked it, never practiced, abandoned it as soon as my parents realized it was a waste of their hard-earned money. I've tinkered with other instruments on and off ever since.

Why do I fail to reach “competency” each time?

#### How long is long enough?

How long should I try an instrument before deciding I'm just not going to become acceptably good enough? How many hours of noodling, of targeted exercises, of repetitive tune mangling?

It's never got to the point where I'd be comfortable to say publicly “I play the (Insert instrument of choice here)”.

How many hours….? Is it the mythical 10,000 hours? That seems like, on one hand *an awful long time* and on the other hand *fairly reasonable*. 3 hours a day (if you're serious, you'll spend the time) is 3333 days. Let's call that 10 years. Seems a long time. I've been tinkering with music since I was a child. I'm 60 years old now. That's plenty of 10,000 hour opportunities to get good enough.

Of course it isn't a simple as “spend 10 years at something and you'll be good at it”. The 10,000 hour magic number has largely been debunked now, anyway.

But undeniably *time spent doing the thing* is a major factor in how good you become *at the thing*.

#### Talent or Commitment?

Failed amateur musicians often point at successful amateur musicians and say *“but they've got talent, and I must have none”*.

And the successful amateur musicians reply *“no… I practiced hard, for many hours, many days, weeks and years, to get this good. It's not talent, it's commitment”*

But the failed musician might have started out just as keen, just as motivated, spending just as much time and energy as the successful one. Who can say? Why was one successful and the other a dispirited *failure*? What happened in the first year or two that made the successful player *keep playing*? Were they actually improving more rapidly, and the feedback kept them keen and motivated?

Did the failures (I count myself in this group) improve much more slowly, if at all, and give up because of a pragmatic realization that they can't devote *even more* time and energy than they already are doing, and therefore it looks like they aren't going to improve to any significant degree?

The successful player uses the positive feedback of early progress to fuel their hard work, the failure uses the negative feedback of their lack of early progress to justify giving up.

I spent years at the melodeon.

I played for hours and hours and hours and hours. I took it to work with me. I took it everywhere. I played alone though, with no tuition. I learned tune after tune after tune. None of them done particularly well. I just never made that longed-for breakthrough where I suddenly felt like I *was* a melodeon player. I can't count the hours I've spent at it.

I was in my mid-late 30s and early 40s. I wasn't a kid, I understood that things took time and effort and commitment. Yet still I wasn't good enough. And again, that's not false modesty. I *really wasn't good enough*.

I saw other people take it up, on forums etc. and within months were posting really competent You Tube videos of their progress. Much, much better than anything I could do.

Did they *really* spend so much more time playing and practicing than I did?

*Really?*

I truly think there is such a thing as *talent* which decides whether you're going to become good at an instrument. The *talented* people will spend time getting better, and better. The *un-talented, but keen* people (myself?) will spend the same amount of time initially, muddling along, but getting slowly, inexorably disenchanted at their progress, then the time spent dwindles until they just give it up.

Yes, the *talented* people commit *huge* amounts of time, hours upon hours upon hours of practice.

And they improve.

They attain competency.

They become musicians.

And they put it all down to the time spent.

They tell the failures *“if you'd spent as much time as me practicing you'd be just as good”*. They believe it's all down to their undeniably hard work. They spend more and more time at it as they progress, because the positive feedback makes them feel the investment of time and effort is justified.

Failures gradually spend less and less time at it, for the same reason; the time invested isn't justified.

Go and find something else to spend all those wasted hours on.

#### A new beginning

From this negative-sounding introduction, I'm now feeling positive about playing again.

Yes, I still haven't got the talent, but now I'm comfortable with that.

But I *do* have more talent than a lot of other people. It's a sliding scale. There are some people who, no matter *how many hours* they spend they just aren't going to become musical.

I am at least capable of making some musical noises on my instruments. I *can* play in an *ok* way most of the time.

That's the realization I've had recently. I don't need to get to be a good musician, I just need to enjoy spending the time actually doing it. If I can get to that stage, where my amateur squeaks and plucks and squeezes are enjoyable to me, *and me alone* then that's a worthwhile use of my time.

##### another way of looking at it

I do a bit of sketching - mostly in my diary. A few years ago I forced myself to learn how to do it after a lifetime of being *“unable to draw”*.

![tea1](/content/images/comparison-the-thief-of-joy/tea1.jpg)

And I came to the conclusion that with sketching there is no *right or wrong*. Just whether you like the outcome. I read a quote somewhere which helped me accept my scribblings

They aren't mistakes, they're your style

![eggs1](/content/images/comparison-the-thief-of-joy/eggs1.jpg)

My sketches are sometimes poorly done, nothing like what I was aiming for. But the more time I spend doing it the more I feel the “mark-making” is done with confidence and it's the confidence of the lines that shows, as you do it more and more and more.

It might not look any different to the scribbling of a child, but it *feels* different.

![lft1](/content/images/comparison-the-thief-of-joy/lft1.jpg)

It *feels* right. Good, even, well, good enough anyway.

Another phrase I like

Done is better than perfect

How does this relate to music?

I need to accept that I'll never be note-perfect in my playing, just like my sketches aren't a perfect representation of what I'm trying to draw. My imperfect drawing shows my own particular *style*. In music I'm going to start believing the same thing is possible. As long as I can start to ignore gross mistakes while playing, and just keep going through a tune, I can start accepting that the *“mistakes are my style”* and stop trying to be completely accurate according to the dots on the paper. Especially with folk music. There's no “right or wrong”. There's a basic form for the tune. You have to stick to the skeleton. Listening to different renditions of the same tune on You Tube it's obvious that nobody plays according to the dots. Everybody puts something of themselves into the tune. The dots are just the bare minimum, lowest common denominator representation of a tune that has got many, many different interpretations *in the wild*.

The dots are just a starting point.

![dots1](/content/images/comparison-the-thief-of-joy/dots1.jpg)

This isn't classical music, I'm not playing with an orchestra, I don't need to slavishly follow the score. As long as I interpret the tune in a pleasing way, adding my own variations (sometimes they are done to make a phrase easier to play, sometimes because it sounds better, sometimes to just change it a bit for one-time-around, to add variety).

And ignore mistakes - stop stopping each time there's a wrong note. Push on, get to the end.

Of course you need to spend *some* deliberate time practicing a tune phrase by phrase, working out complicated twiddly bits. And some other time doing drills, scales and exercises. You need to build up muscle memory and mechanical skills.

But stop trying to be perfect.

### Embrace the wonkiness

Don't compare yourself to other people, even those that inspire and motivate you. Find the joy in the act, despite what you see around you.

music, joy

Finding Things In A Diary

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:48:07 +0000

Finding Things In A Diary

I've been keeping a diary now almost daily since 2017. A few days are missing, but to the best of my knowledge the are no missing days since mid-2022….

I don't (generally) write about current affairs, news, politics etc. unless it has particular and direct relevance to my own life. I want to capture the stuff that would be lost to history, stuff that I might want to remember at some point in the future, stuff about my day-to-day life. News and current affairs and politics and world events are already well-recorded by the media and a whole host of bloggers and journal writers. Nobody is documenting the specifics of *my* life, except me. And nobody is generally interested in any of the details, except me.

But what's the point of writing it down if I can't find it again later?

Ideally I'd like to be able to answer any question like “When did we get the new car?” or “When did I start playing the recorder again?”

an example

I was swimming with a friend and his 9 year old daughter on Sunday, something I've been doing on an off for a few years. We started swimming with his two little girls - now 9 and 13 - some years ago. How many years ago….? Can't be sure. The older 13-year old “E” is now a teenager and therefore much too cool to come out on a Sunday morning with her old man. So it's just 3 of us. Me, “T” and his younger daughter “B”

The question was raised by younger sibling *“What age was E when she swam a length underwater first?”*

The younger daughter is now 9 and wants to match her older sibling.

I couldn't remember. Her dad couldn't remember.

In fact between us we couldn't even remember when we'd started this regular Sunday morning swim.

Was is pre-covid? post-covid? Two years, three years…?

“I'm sure that Samuel Pepys here will find it in his dairy”

Hmm… but will I? I've tried to keep an index - in a separate book - just a topic and page-number for reference to allow things to be found. But did I have this particular thing in my index?

In the end it wasn't in my index-book, but I did find it in my dairy itself. It took some searching. I write around 4 diary books per year - each covers roughly 3 months. I had to do a binary search to pin point the date we started the regular swims (Sunday 9th January 2022) and then a slow search forward looking to see if I'd noted down “E swam a length under water”… And I did find that entry, too, on Sunday 1st May 2022.

I can answer the question….. posed by a 9 year old.

It's an example of little consequence - if I'd been unable to find it we'd have just said “she was about your age” and left it at that. But the ability to be certain of something - anything - after any number of years. That's more powerful, when it applies to something more important to you.

My Current Index

My index looks like

It gets more and more complicated and messy as new things are added - you can't always leave enough space when adding entries to be sure there's room for something new later on, so it becomes harder to add new entries, and harder to quickly find them when they aren't in a logical order on the page.

Thoughts on better indexing

I thought about starting again - use the current index as a starting point and get a new blank A5 notebook, and re-create the same layout - but now with so many entries to work with I could make a better stab at laying it out in a better manner - more space between entries to allow new ones to fit. But the same problem will still occur, in time. I'll run out of space to add new topics in the correct places and then they'll get added willy-nilly all over the place.

I'd thought about, and even tried a small experiment, using a 5×3 card index. Each “topic” can have its own card. Space to record many diary entries for each topic on its own card. New topics get a new card that can be slipped into the correct alphabetical position. If a topic needs to be split into sub-topics it's a simple matter to take the existing card, and make new ones that follow any sub-divisions I think are necessary. Then just copy across the existing diary references to the new card(s) and insert them in their proper place(s) in the index box. No worries about squeezing things into a full page in a book, just shuffle a few cards and job's done.

So I'm now rebuilding my index in a 5×3 card index box. I've got everything from my book-form index done on 5×3 card. I'm now able to add any new things wherever they need to go. This includes indexing things I've written about in older diaries, but have so far neglected to add to the index.

I plan on slowly working through the old diaries and indexing anything I feel has been overlooked. And in addition anything I look up in the future will get added to the index (if it's not already there). The swimming examples above are just the sort of thing I mean. If I have to search through the diaries for something once, then I'll index it to make sure I don't have to do it again.

diary

Desk15 - firmware for the DM15

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:14:55 +0000

←3rd Party Firmware

Desk15 - firmware for the DM15

From HP Forum https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-23488.html
You Tube https://youtu.be/ktrKZzN3wJw
Github for firmware and brief README guide https://github.com/zooxo/desk15

Firmware Files

Date	Firmware	Comment
17/02/26	desk15-001.hex	Version 01

README

The developer's README (click to read)

This software is protected by the BSD 3 Clause Licence
and copyright (c) 2025 by deetee. All rights reserved.


DESK15 - Calculator suite (including a Spreadsheet) for the DM-15

____________________

PREAMBLE
____________________

The HP-15c was probably the most simple but versatile scientific calculator.
Similar to DESK42 (for the DM42) DESK15 offers an alternative firmware for the
DM15/DM15L replica of Swissmicros with a suite of some applications like a
complex number calculator, a spreadsheet, a symbolic, a tabletop calculator
and even a sliderule and a simple text editor.

Have fun!
deetee


____________________

INSTALLATION
____________________

To install a new firmware to a DM-15 (Voyager) calculator have a look at
chapter Firmware Update of the Swissmicros Voyager Series User Manual at:
  https://technical.swissmicros.com/voyager/firmware/

On linux computers for example install the package lpc21isp and flash the
desired firmware (hex file) to the calculator with:
  sudo lpc21isp <firmware.hex> /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 12000

After starting this command press the reset button on the backside of the
calculator with a paperclip. After the flashing procedure ends you might need to
reset the calculator again. Every Swissmicros-Calculator has a reset button
on the PCB (even if there is no hole to reach it).


____________________

DESK
____________________

When you start DESK15 the first time you see the application launcher DESK. You
can launch the desired application with the keys 7, 8, 9 and 4, 5, 6:

  7 PLEX ... Complex Number Calculator
  8 FLEX ... Symbolic Calculator
  9 RAX  ... Spreadsheet
  4 TTOP ... Table Top Calculator
  5 RULE ... Slide Rule Simulation
  6 TEX  ... Text Editor

On the right side of the screen you see some extra information like the battery
level, date (day) and time (24 hour format).

Please note that the battery level is a momentarily value that varies due to the
momentarily activity of the calculator. But if you see the empty battery symbol
quite often you might consider changing the battery.

____________________

PLEX
____________________

PLEX is a scientific calculator generically designed to work with complex
numbers. Many routines of PLEX are used by other applications (even if they work
with real numbers only). Beside advanced mathematic functions it even offers an
extensive function analysis (function value, slope, solve, integrate and plot).

PLEX supports the following functions:
  Basic
    0-9.      Number input
    ENTER     Enter number (stack lift) or duplicate TOS
    + - * /   Basic operation
    CHS       Negate TOS (ends number input)
    EEX       Push Y*10^X to the stack
    BSP gBSP  Clear number entry or TOS, clear stack and statistics data
    LASTx     Push last ENTERed number to stack
    SWAP      Swap X and Y
    ROT up/dn Rotate 3 stack elements
    STO RCL   Store TOS or push stored number to stack (store 0 to delete)
  Complex number operations
    fTAN      Convert X and Y (real values) to complex number (and vice versa)
    f1 g1     Display number in rectangular or polar view
    f-        Swap real and imaginary part of complex number
    fCHS      Conjugate complex number
  Advanced mathematics
    SQRT, SQR, EXP, LN, 10^X, LOG, Y^X, %, 1/X, delta%,
    FRAC, INT, ABS, PI, Pxy, Cxy, lnGAMMA (f0),
    SIN, COS, TAN, aSIN, aCOS, aTAN, SINH, COSH, TANH, aSINH, aCOSH, aTANH
    fENTER    NAND ~(X & Y) ... useful in HEX mode
    g-        Calculate 2 roots of quadratic equation xx+px+q=0 (enter p q)
    fCOS      PV (present value) of interest rate (%) and duration (periods)
  Statistics
    SUM+ SUM- Add/remove number to/from statistics registers
    g0 g.     Mean value and standard deviation
    fSUM      Parameters a and b of linear regression (y=a*x+b)
    gBSP      Clears statistics registers (and stack)
  Function analysis
    gR/S      Start key recorder to input f(x) (gR/S R/S to delete)
    R/S       Stop key recorder, calculate y=f(x)
    fg/ fg*   Solve, slope, integrate, plot
    GSB 8/9   SAVE/LOAD a recorded function to/from one of 6 slots
  Conversions
    fg7 8 9   cm<>in, km<>mi, km<>nmi
    fg4 5 6   kg<>lbs, °C<>°F, l<>gal
    fg1 2 3   rect/polar view, h<>h.ms, deg<>rad
  Menu
    GSB       QUIT, SAVE/LOAD, Physical Constant, Size of font, HEX mode
    fGSB      BATTERY, set LCD brightness/voltage, set OFFTIME
    gGSB      Get/set DATE, get/set TIME

    Please note:
    When in HEX mode enter numbers >9 with a dot (ie .1=a, .6=f).
    To set the OFFTIME (default is 60s) enter the desired value (5-300) in
    seconds to the stack and press Toff (fGSB6).
    Be careful when setting the lcd brightness (fGSB4, 0-64) or lcd voltage
    (fGSB5, 0-5-7). The default values are 0 and 5.
    Get/set date and time from/to the real time clock (RTC) with the gGSB menu.
    The format for the date on the stack is YY.MMDDw (where w is the number of
    the weekday (0=Monday). The format for the time is HH.MM.

  Physical constants keys (GSB4):
    ENTER     Select (push) constant
    2 8 3 9   Down, Up, PgDown, PgUp
    GSB       Quit (without selecting)

  Physical constants;
    0  c    299792458         Speed of light
    1  g    9.80665           Acceleration of gravity
    2  G    6.67430e-11       Newton constant of gravity
    3  Vm   0.02271095464     Molar volume of ideal gas
    4  NA   6.02214076e23     Avogadro constant
    5  Rinf 10973731.568160   Rydberg constant
    6  h    6.62607015e-34    Planck constant
    7  Phi0 2.067833848e-15   Magnetic flux quantum
    8  a0   5.29177210903e-11 Bohr radius
    9  k    1.380649e-23      Boltzmann constant
    10 R    8.314462618       Molar gas constant
    11 F    96485.33212       Faraday constant
    12 t    273.15            Celsius temperature
    13 atm  101325            Standard atmosphere
    14 e    1.602176634e-19   Elementary charge
    15 eps0 8.8541878128e-12  Vacuum electric permittivity
    16 mu0  1.25663706212e-6  Vacuum magnetic permeability
    17 Z0   376.730313668     Impedance of vacuum
    18 mU   1.6605390666e-27  Atomic mass constant
    19 re   2.8179403262e-15  Electron radius
    20 me   9.1093837015e-31  Electron mass
    21 mp   1.67262192369e-27 Proton mass
    22 mn   1.67492749804e-27 Neutron mass
    23 mmu  1.883531627e-28   Muon mass
    24 muB  9.2740100783e-24  Bohr magneton
    25 muN  5.0507837461e-27  Nuclear magneton
    26 mue  -9.2847647043e-24 Electron magnetic moment
    27 mup  1.41060679736e-26 Proton magnetic moment
    28 mun  -9.6623651e-27    Neutron magnetic moment
    29 mumu -4.4904483e-26    Muon magnetic moment
    30 alph 7.2973525693e-3   Fine structure constant
    31 sigm 5.670374419e-8    Stefan-Boltzmann constant
    32 G0   7.748091729       Conductance quantum
    33 gamp 2.6752218744e8    Proton gyromagnetic ratio
    34 C1   3.741771852e-16   First radiation constant
    35 C2   1.438776877e-2    Second radiation constant


____________________

RAX
____________________

RAX is the spreadsheet application of DESK15. When starting RAX you are in the
navigation mode, where the number keys work as cursor pad (see below). The
navigation mode is also active when you refer in a formula to a specific cell.

Keys in navigation mode:
  2 4 6 8  Navigation (Down/Left/Right/Up)
  ENTER 5  Edit selected cell, edit new formula cell
  R/S      Define and edit a new text cell
  BSP      Delete cell
  STO RCL  Save/load spreadsheet to/from one of 6 slots
           Please note that a text in the last cell (D8) is used as slot name.
  GSB      Menu: Quit RAX, New sheet, Copy&Glue/Paste, Hex mode (see PLEX)

Keys in edit mode (ENTER to select and quit):
  SST GTO        Cursor left/right
  SUM+           Insert a stack enter command to separate numbers
  BSP            Backspace - delete character
  RCL            Reference (Select reference cell and enter)
  ENTER GSB R/S  Quit edit mode to navigation mode

Keys in text edit mode (R/S):
  2 4 6 8    Navigation (Down/Left/Right/Up)
  7 1 5      Pos1, End, Center
  SST GTO    Cursor left/right
  BSP        Delete character (left of cursor)
  R/S ENTER  Exit text editing mode
  Any other key inserts the selected character.


____________________

FLEX
____________________

The symbolic calculator FLEX has the look and feel of PLEX, but actually
calculates in the first cell of a RAX spreadsheet. Hence you can see and edit
(with R/S) the formula that yields to the result.

Quit FLEX (and go back to the DESK menu) with GSB.

____________________

TTOP
____________________

TTOP is a tabletop calculator that enables (simple) calculations with big
numbers (even in HEX format) with up to 17 digits. If desired two digits are
used for decimals (ie for cent amounts). PLease note that entering decimals
(after pressing ".") always "shifts the pressed number key in".

TTOP supports the following functions:
  + - * / Basic operation
  CHS     Negate TOS (ends number input)
  EEX     Push Y*10^X to the stack (Y*16^X in HEX mode)
  ENTER   Enter number (stack lift) or duplicate TOS
  SWAP    Swap X and Y
  ROT     Rotate 3 stack elements
  BSP     Clear last number
  SQRT    Calculate square root
  SUM+    NAND ~(X & Y) ... useful in HEX mode
  STO RCL Store TOS or push stored number to stack (store 0 to delete)
  GSB     Menu: Quit TTOP, 0/2 decimals, HEX mode


____________________

RULE
____________________

RULE is a simulation of a historic slide rule for reasons of education and
reminiscence.

RULE supports the following functions:
  SQRT /   Slide one pixel left/right
  EXP 9    Slide 5 pixel left/right
  POW10 8  Slide 10 pixel left/right
  POW 7    Slide 20 pixel left/right
  GSB      Quit RULE


____________________

TEX
____________________

TEX is a (very) simple line oriented text editor. But as entering a text with
cursor keys is quite a pain TEX is sufficient to manage a ToDo or shopping list
or some important formulae. Please note that TEX can manage a maximum of 255
characters (with not more than 18 characters per line).

TTOP supports the following functions:
  4 8 3 9  Navigation (Down/Up/PdDown/PgUp)
  ENTER    Edit (top) line
  /        Edit line but split line at cursor position after editing
  *        Join two lines
  - BSP    Delete (top) line
  +        Insert line before top line
  STO RCL  Save/load TEX document to/from one of 6 slots
  GSB      Quit TEX

  To enter a new line after the last line edit with split option (/) and
  leave editor immediately (ENTER).
  To edit a text TEX uses the text editing routines of RAX (see above).

Further Information

Page created : 17/02/26 17:44 GMT

Page updated : 19/04/26 21:14 BST

calculator, dm15l, desk15

DM15L Non-linear Curve Fit

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 06 Apr 2026 12:40:53 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM15L Non-linear Curve Fit

Using DM15L/HP15C built-in L.R function to fit non-linear curves

Background

The idea is that the 3 different non-linear function forms can be expressed as linear expression y = m.x + c if we manipulate the x or y values before adding them to the statistics accumulator.

The different curves require different treatment of the data to linearize, and the resulting coefficients may require treatment too.

Tl;dr

Method for Exponential

y = b.e^ax

Ln(y) = a.x + Ln(b)

Enter Accumulation data	`y_i gLn x_i ∑+`
Calculate coefficients	`fL.R.e^x`
Estimate ŷ & r for a new `x`	`x fŷ.r e^x`

Method for Logarithmic

y=a.ln(x)+b

y = a.Ln(x) + b

Enter Accumulation data	`y_i Enter x_i gLn∑+`
Calculate coefficients	`fL.R.`
Estimate ŷ & r for a new `x`	`xgLn fŷ.r`

Method for Power

y=b.x^a

Ln(y) = a.Ln(x) + Ln(b)

Enter Accumulation data	`y_i gLn x_i gLn∑+`
Calculate coefficients	`fL.R.e^x`
Estimate ŷ & r for a new `x`	`x gLnfŷ.re^x`

Exponential

y = b.e^ax

This can be expressed as Ln(y) = Ln(b) + a.x

Ln(y) = a.x + ln(b)

compare with a linear expression y = m.x + c

Using Ln(y) and x as data points and running the L.R. function will give coefficients equal to a and ln(b)

You can obtain the actual value of b finding its antilog with e^x.

Once the L.R. has run you can find estimates of ŷ by running the fŷ.r to get the estimate of Ln(y) and then finding its antilog with e^x

Mechanism

To enter the data points you convert the y data to its Ln first, then accumulate as normal

y_i gLn x_i ∑+

Once all the data has been entered you get the Linear Regression coefficients a & b fL.R. and e^x to correct the b LR coefficient.

Example Data

y	2.8	3.6	5.8	8.0
x	0.8	1.1	1.7	2.1

fClear ∑

2.8 gLn 0.8 ∑+

3.6 gLn 1.1 ∑+

5.8 gLn 1.7 ∑+

8.0 gLn 2.1 ∑+

All data is in the accumulator, now do the Linear Regression fL.R.

This gives a and Ln b coefficients

Y: 0.805 = a

X: 0.3897 = ln b

so we need to find b so e^x

Y: 0.805 = a

X: 1.476 = b

Equation estimation is therefore y = 1.476 e ^0.805x

I made the data table by using the equation y = 1.5 e ^0.8x and then used approx. y values for the data table…. so the estimate looks pretty good

To do an estimation of y when x = 0.9

0.9 fŷ.r e^x

Y: 0.999962 = r correlation coefficient

X: 3.047425 = ŷ estimation

Method for Exponential

Enter Accumulation data	`y_i gLn x_i ∑+`
Calculate coefficients	`fL.R.e^x`
Estimate ŷ & r for a new `x`	`x fŷ.r e^x`

Logarithmic

y = a.ln(x) + b

Compare to a linear expression y = m.x + c shows the logarithmic curve is linear if we use Ln(x) as we accumulate data points.

The L.R. will provide the actual a and b coefficients.

To estimate ŷ first find the Ln of x then use the fŷ.r

Mechanism

y_i Enter x_i gLn∑+

Calculate LR Coefficients

fL.R.

Calculate estimated ŷ by finding the Ln of your x value first and then using fŷ.r

xgLnfŷ.r

Example Data

y	1.5	1.7	1.8	2.1
x	0.8	1.7	2.6	4.9

fClear ∑

1.5 Enter 0.8 gLn∑+

1.7 Enter 1.7 gLn∑+

1.8 Enter 2.6 gLn∑+

2.1 Enter 4.9 gLn∑+

Linear Regression Coefficients : fL.R.

Y: 0.324 = a

X: 1.544 = b

Equation y = 0.324 . Ln(x) + 1.544

Estimate ŷ for X = 3

3 gLn fŷ.r

Y: 0.985 = r, correlation coefficient

X: 1.900 = ŷ, estimation

Method for Logarithmic

Enter Accumulation data	`y_i Enter x_i gLn∑+`
Calculate coefficients	`fL.R.`
Estimate ŷ & r for a new `x`	`xgLn fŷ.r`

Power

y = b.x^a

This can be rearranged as Ln(y) = Ln(b) + a.Ln(x) or Ln(y) = a.Ln(x) + Ln(b)

Compare to a linear expression y = m.x + c

Our expression will be a straight line if we accumulate Ln(y) and Ln(x)

The coefficients given by the L.R. function will be a and Ln(b) - so to get the real b coefficient we find its antilog e^x

We get the estimate for ŷ we first find the Ln of our chosen x and then use the ŷ.r to get Ln(ŷ) and then e^x to get ŷ

Mechanism

Accumulate using

y_i gLn x_i gLn∑+

Calculate LR Coefficients

fL.R.e^x

Calculate estimated ŷ

xgLnfŷ.re^x

Example Data

y	1.3	2.2	3.3	4.4
x	0.6	1.3	2.4	3.6

fClear ∑

1.3 gLn 0.6 gLn∑+

2.2 gLn 1.3 gLn∑+

3.3 gLn 2.4 gLn∑+

4.4 gLn 3.6 gLn∑+

Linear Regression Coefficients : fL.R.e^x

Y: 0.678 = a

X: 1.837 = b

Equation : y = 1.837x^0.678

Estimate ŷ for X = 3

3 gLnfŷ.re^x

Y: 1.000 = r, correlation coefficient

X: 3.869 = ŷ, estimation

Method for Power

Enter Accumulation data	`y_i gLn x_i gLn∑+`
Calculate coefficients	`fL.R.e^x`
Estimate ŷ & r for a new `x`	`x gLnfŷ.re^x`

— John Pumford-Green 01/02/26 08:42 GMT

Further Information

calculator, dm15l

DM32 Curve Fit

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:09:15 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM32 Curve Fit

CFIT Program from the Owner's Manual

State File

The listing from the Owner's Manual has been entered into the calculator and saved as a State File

cfit.d32

Use

The program provides the usual set of Curve Fitting for Straight Line, Exponential, Logarithmic and Power curves, automating the same techniques as the manual method for DM15 described here DM15L Non-linear Curve Fit .

There is no “best fit” algorithm, which means you need to decide in advance which of the 4 curve types to fit, before entering the data. If you choose a different curve you have to enter the data again.

Choose a Curve

Each curve type has a separate program label

XEQ S : Straight Line
XEQ E : Exponential
XEQ L : Logarithmic
XEQ P : Power

Enter Data

Data is entered the same way whichever of the 4 programs is chosen.

X-value R/S Y-value R/S
X-value R/S Y-value R/S
X-value R/S Y-value R/S
X-value R/S Y-value R/S

Run the Curve Fit

Once all the data is entered you run the fit using XEQ R

This gives the various paramaters

R-value (correlation coefficient) R/S
B-value R/S
M-value R/S
Prompt for an x-value to use to calculate ŷ - enter a number R/S
- ŷ is shown for that x-value
Prompt now for a y-value to use to calculate an estimate of x R/S
- x estimate is shown for that y-value
Prompt for a new x-value to use to calculate ŷ R/S
- this goes on until you want to stop….
- press C to quit

Curve equations

Straight Line y = B + Mx
Exponential y = Be^Mx
Logarithmic y = B + M Ln(x)
Power y = Bx^M

Examples

Logarithmic

x	0.3	1	2	3	4	5
y	-1	2	3.8	5	5.6	6

Enter Data

XEQ L
0.3 R/S 1 +/- R/S
1 R/S 2 R/S
2 R/S 3.8 R/S
3 R/S 5 R/S
4 R/S 5.6 R/S
5 R/S 6 R/S

Run the fit

XEQ R
R=0.99932 R/S
B=2.05210 R/S
M=2.5359 R/S
enter an x-value to calculate an estimate of y
- 2.5 R/S
- y? 4.37571
enter a y-value to calculate an estimate of x
- 0 R/S (what is x-value where the curve crosses the x-axis at y = 0? The solution to the equation)
- X ? 0.44520
finish C

Results

The curve equation is y = 2.05210 + 2.5359Ln(x)
The values for R, B and M are stored in register-variables R, B and M for future use
- e.g. make an EQN
- Y = B + M x Ln(X)
- the equation can be evaluated, solved or integrated using the stored values for B and M
Until a new Curve fit program is run, or anything is done to change the Statistics Registers, you can re-run the fit with XEQ R to allow more y and x estimates to be made

Further Information

Page created : 17/04/26 08:35 BST

Page updated : 19/04/26 21:09 BST

calculator, dm32

DM15L Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 16 Apr 2026 15:01:20 +0000

←Programs

DM15L Progs

Dumps taken from the DM15L using a serial console session in Putty.

DM15L Startup Keys & Serial Console

Stock Swiss Micros Firmware

Dumps are also converted to readable program listings using the Swiss Micros online encode/decode tool at https://technical.swissmicros.com/decoders/nut/

Normal + "Complex Z to....."

LBL E converts Z=R±jX to RL, SWR, |ρ|∠ρ, |Z|∠Z

Data input :

if Z = R + j X, put R in Y-stack and X in X-stack and then run LBL E

R ENTER
X (and CHS as needed)
F
E

Results appear:

Stack X → Return Loss
Stack Y → SWR
Stack Z → (Re) |ρ| (Im) ∠ρ
Stack T → (Re) |Z| (Im) ∠Z

DM15_M1B
04  000000fffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000996010eae
08  00000000000000  2faf8befbe2280  00000000000000  00000000000000
10  91000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  02875000000998
14  f0000000000000  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000002ef  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01900000000001
1c  02232142865997  01800000000002  02232142865997  01004474273000
20  05302556024001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
ec  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  0000000000b237
f0  36a43433a43231  44db43e1a43433  42db41e1a43231  47c3fcf0f2bc35
f4  46fda5cff185cf  f145b3db44db43  fdfaf0f5a43231  fbf0f5a4323141
f8  c5420eb23344fc  c3f0f2bcfdfaf1  33fbf143fda2cf  f182cff142cafd
fc  0ab2c3fcf0f2bc  fdfaf132fbf142  0bb2fdfbf132fa  f142ccfdf0f20c
A: 000000fffff000  B: 000000fffffeae  C: 00000996010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 00000000000000  G: 04

Decoded Dump

001  LBL C        | 42,21,13
002  2            |        2
003  0            |        0
004  /            |       10
005  10^x         |       13
006  STO 2        |    44  2
007  1            |        1
008  +            |       40
009  RCL 2        |    45  2
010  1            |        1
011  -            |       30
012  /            |       10
013  RTN          |   43  32
014  LBL B        | 42,21,12
015  STO 2        |    44  2
016  1            |        1
017  -            |       30
018  RCL 2        |    45  2
019  1            |        1
020  +            |       40
021  /            |       10
022  LOG          |   43  13
023  2            |        2
024  0            |        0
025  *            |       20
026  CHS          |       16
027  RTN          |   43  32
028  LBL A        | 42,21,11
029  /            |       10
030  sqrt         |       11
031  STO 2        |    44  2
032  1            |        1
033  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
034  1            |        1
035  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
036  /            |       10
037  STO 3        |    44  3
038  1            |        1
039  -            |       30
040  RCL 3        |    45  3
041  1            |        1
042  +            |       40
043  /            |       10
044  LOG          |   43  13
045  2            |        2
046  0            |        0
047  CHS          |       16
048  *            |       20
049  STO 4        |    44  4
050  RCL 3        |    45  3
051  RTN          |   43  32
052  LBL E        | 42,21,15
053  STO 2        |    44  2
054  x<>y         |       34
055  STO 1        |    44  1
056  RCL 1        |    45  1
057  RCL 2        |    45  2
058  I            |   42  25
059  5            |        5
060  0            |        0
061  -            |       30
062  RCL 1        |    45  1
063  RCL 2        |    45  2
064  I            |   42  25
065  5            |        5
066  0            |        0
067  +            |       40
068  /            |       10
069  STO 3        |    44  3
070  Re<>Im       |   42  30
071  STO 4        |    44  4
072  Re<>Im       |   42  30
073  ABS          |   43  16
074  STO 5        |    44  5
075  1            |        1
076  RCL+5        | 45,40, 5
077  1            |        1
078  RCL-5        | 45,30, 5
079  /            |       10
080  STO 6        |    44  6
081  RCL 5        |    45  5
082  LOG          |   43  13
083  2            |        2
084  0            |        0
085  *            |       20
086  CHS          |       16
087  STO 7        |    44  7
088  RCL 1        |    45  1
089  RCL 2        |    45  2
090  I            |   42  25
091  ->P          |     43 1
092  STO 1        |    44  1
093  Re<>Im       |   42  30
094  STO 2        |    44  2
095  RCL 3        |    45  3
096  RCL 4        |    45  4
097  I            |   42  25
098  ->P          |     43 1
099  STO 3        |    44  3
100  Re<>Im       |   42  30
101  STO 4        |    44  4
102  RCL 1        |    45  1
103  RCL 2        |    45  2
104  I            |   42  25
105  RCL 3        |    45  3
106  RCL 4        |    45  4
107  I            |   42  25
108  RCL 6        |    45  6
109  RCL 7        |    45  7
110  RTN          |   43  32

"Normal"

### 27/7/22 ####
# This is the usual set of 3 useful tool progs I have in the DM15L for quick calculation/conversion
# of antenna parameters.
#

Ref Power ENTER Fwd Power fA → SWR x<>y RL
SWR fB → Return Loss
Return Loss fC → SWR

DM15_M1B
00  03400000000001  01000000000001  08000000000000  00000000000000
04  155000000ff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002000010eae
08  00000000000000  2faf0bde7aa28f  000080bcbcaf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  01000000000001  00000000000000  03400000000001
14  f7365289440000  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000004f8  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01387265622000
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  05000000000001  02500000000003
20  01800000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f8  000000b23344fc  c3f0f2bcfdfaf1  33fbf143fda2cf  f182cff142cafd
fc  0ab2c3fcf0f2bc  fdfaf132fbf142  0bb2fdfbf132fa  f142ccfdf0f20c
A: 155000000ff000  B: 155000000ffeae  C: 00002000010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 05500000000001  G: 06

Decoded dump

LBL C
20

/
10^x
STO 2
1
+
RCL 2
1
-
/
RTN
LBL B
STO 2
1
-
RCL 2
1
+
/
LOG
20

*
CHS
RTN
LBL A
/
sqrt
STO 2
1
RCL+2
1
RCL-2
/
STO 3
1
-
RCL 3
1
+
/
LOG
20

CHS
*
STO 4
RCL 3
RTN

001  LBL C        | 42,21,13
002  2            |        2
003  0            |        0
004  /            |       10
005  10^x         |       13
006  STO 2        |    44  2
007  1            |        1
008  +            |       40
009  RCL 2        |    45  2
010  1            |        1
011  -            |       30
012  /            |       10
013  RTN          |   43  32
014  LBL B        | 42,21,12
015  STO 2        |    44  2
016  1            |        1
017  -            |       30
018  RCL 2        |    45  2
019  1            |        1
020  +            |       40
021  /            |       10
022  LOG          |   43  13
023  2            |        2
024  0            |        0
025  *            |       20
026  CHS          |       16
027  RTN          |   43  32
028  LBL A        | 42,21,11
029  /            |       10
030  sqrt         |       11
031  STO 2        |    44  2
032  1            |        1
033  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
034  1            |        1
035  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
036  /            |       10
037  STO 3        |    44  3
038  1            |        1
039  -            |       30
040  RCL 3        |    45  3
041  1            |        1
042  +            |       40
043  /            |       10
044  LOG          |   43  13
045  2            |        2
046  0            |        0
047  CHS          |       16
048  *            |       20
049  STO 4        |    44  4
050  RCL 3        |    45  3
051  RTN          |   43  32

N-Queens Benchmark 27/7/22

DM15_M1B
00  08000000000000  08000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
04  065140fffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000000999eae
08  00000000000000  22af8d9e7e0080  00000000000000  00000000000000
10  08000000000000  08000000000000  01000000000000  01000000000000
14  f0000000000537  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000007f7  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  04000000000000
1c  01000000000000  03000000000000  06000000000000  02000000000000
20  07000000000000  05000000000000  00000000000000  08000000000000
24  08760000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f4  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  b25104137030a0
f8  dff1117086bddf  f19730031276fb  3930b313ecfb86  c4973986973010
fc  ec39a9dff10249  3091dff1019650  973080dff11475  50300060f8a50a
A: 065140fffff000  B: 065140fffffeae  C: 00000000999eae
S: 00000000000000
M: aaaaaaaaaaaaaa  N: 06514000000000  G: 04

Decoded Dump

LBL A
CLR_REG
8
STO .0
LBL 0
RCL 0
RCL .0
TEST 5
GTO 4
1
STO+0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL .0
STO (i)
LBL 1
1
STO+.1
RCL 0
STO 9
LBL 2
1
STO-9
RCL 9
x=0
GTO 0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL (i)
RCL 9
STO I
R_down
RCL (i)
-
x=0
GTO 3
ABS
RCL 0
RCL 9
-
TEST 6
GTO 2
LBL 3
RCL 0
STO I
1
STO-(i)
RCL (i)
TEST 0
GTO 1
1
STO-0
RCL 0
TEST 0
GTO 3
LBL 4
RCL .1
RTN

001  LBL A        | 42,21,11
002  CLR_REG      |   42  34
003  8            |        8
004  STO .0       |    44 .0
005  LBL 0        | 42,21, 0
006  RCL 0        |    45  0
007  RCL .0       |    45 .0
008  TEST 5       | 43,30, 5
009  GTO 4        |    22  4
010  1            |        1
011  STO+0        | 44,40, 0
012  RCL 0        |    45  0
013  STO I        |   44  25
014  RCL .0       |    45 .0
015  STO (i)      |   44  24
016  LBL 1        | 42,21, 1
017  1            |        1
018  STO+.1       | 44,40,.1
019  RCL 0        |    45  0
020  STO 9        |    44  9
021  LBL 2        | 42,21, 2
022  1            |        1
023  STO-9        | 44,30, 9
024  RCL 9        |    45  9
025  x=0          |   43  20
026  GTO 0        |    22  0
027  RCL 0        |    45  0
028  STO I        |   44  25
029  RCL (i)      |   45  24
030  RCL 9        |    45  9
031  STO I        |   44  25
032  R_down       |       33
033  RCL (i)      |   45  24
034  -            |       30
035  x=0          |   43  20
036  GTO 3        |    22  3
037  ABS          |   43  16
038  RCL 0        |    45  0
039  RCL 9        |    45  9
040  -            |       30
041  TEST 6       | 43,30, 6
042  GTO 2        |    22  2
043  LBL 3        | 42,21, 3
044  RCL 0        |    45  0
045  STO I        |   44  25
046  1            |        1
047  STO-(i)      | 44,30,24
048  RCL (i)      |   45  24
049  TEST 0       | 43,30, 0
050  GTO 1        |    22  1
051  1            |        1
052  STO-0        | 44,30, 0
053  RCL 0        |    45  0
054  TEST 0       | 43,30, 0
055  GTO 3        |    22  3
056  LBL 4        | 42,21, 4
057  RCL .1       |    45 .1
058  RTN          |   43  32

Savage Benchmark 23/01/26

DM15_M1B
00  01000000000000  01000000000000  01000000000000  00000000000000
04  32499970322000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  40997997010eae
08  00000000000000  3ebeefb6e4228f  e79282e8bc2ac0  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  08000000000000  06000000000000  02498970322003
14  f0000000000504  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000001fc  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  06000000000000
1c  04000000000000  07000000000000  05000000000000  03000000000000
20  00000000000000  00000000000000  04000000000000  08000000000000
24  02100000000001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
fc  000000000000b2  1b82fac9b9cbbb  caba0bc1c1c1f1  40f9f9f4f2e80a
A: 32499970322000  B: 32499970322eae  C: 40997997010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 02499970322003  G: 09

UPDATED "Butterworth" program 12/2/22

############################
#
#  Updated 12/2/22 : change to reduce amount of looping/storing 
#  Sub routine "LBL 8" changed
DM15_M1B
00  05108827280994  05000000000999  05000000000999  00000000000000
04  24547fff912000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00012012012eae
08  00000000000000  b6000a9eda000f  e6220040000000  00000000000000
10  07000000000000  05108827295994  08007000000000  05000000000001
14  f0000000012435  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000006f1  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00300  07293277408990
1c  01261776142994  04547284088990  01261776142994  07293277408990
20  05108827280994  01103787069994  04026420096990  08509227540993
24  02583151782990  04031222906993  05481145266989  07025940305993
28  09506412356989  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
2c  03500000000006  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  00000000000000  00b2fcf2c7fdfc  f230fcf0f8f1fb  f1fcf200171195
f4  96ce50ff20eb87  012640b340ff72  c56930ff83ff0a  17b2139596fdf0
f8  f52805b2139596  fcf0f5280410ff  1950ffa3fdf2eb  87032607b297fa
fc  f1fdf0f0f0f130  06b21514ec00ff  b21415ec09b2fd  fcb6fcf2598608
A: 24547fff912000  B: 24547fff912eae  C: 00012012012eae
S: 00000100000000
M: 05108827280994  N: 04547284088990  G: 23

Dump above decoded at Swiss micros

001  LBL 8        | 42,21, 8
002  RCL (i)      |   45  24
003  RCL .9       |    45 .9
004  2            |        2
005  *            |       20
006  PI           |   43  26
007  *            |       20
008  /            |       10
009  RTN          |   43  32
010  LBL 9        | 42,21, 9
011  x=0          |   43  20
012  GTO 5        |    22  5
013  GTO 4        |    22  4
014  RTN          |   43  32
015  LBL .0       | 42,21,.0
016  x=0          |   43  20
017  GTO 4        |    22  4
018  GTO 5        |    22  5
019  RTN          |   43  32
020  LBL 6        | 42,21, 6
021  RCL 0        |    45  0
022  1            |        1
023  0            |        0
024  0            |        0
025  0            |        0
026  /            |       10
027  1            |        1
028  +            |       40
029  STO I        |   44  25
030  RTN          |   43  32
031  LBL 7        | 42,21, 7
032  GSB 6        |    32  6
033  LBL 3        | 42,21, 3
034  RCL I        |   45  25
035  INT          |   43  44
036  2            |        2
037  /            |       10
038  FRAC         |   42  44
039  F? 0         | 43, 6, 0
040  GTO 9        |    22  9
041  GTO .0       |    22 .0
042  LBL 4        | 42,21, 4
043  GSB 8        |    32  8
044  5            |        5
045  0            |        0
046  *            |       20
047  STO (i)      |   44  24
048  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
049  GTO 3        |    22  3
050  RTN          |   43  32
051  LBL 5        | 42,21, 5
052  GSB 8        |    32  8
053  5            |        5
054  0            |        0
055  /            |       10
056  STO (i)      |   44  24
057  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
058  GTO 3        |    22  3
059  RTN          |   43  32
060  GTO 7        |    22  7
061  LBL A        | 42,21,11
062  ENG 3        | 42, 9, 3
063  SF 0         | 43, 4, 0
064  STO .9       |    44 .9
065  x<>y         |       34
066  TEST 2       | 43,30, 2
067  CF 0         | 43, 5, 0
068  ABS          |   43  16
069  STO 0        |    44  0
070  GSB 6        |    32  6
071  LBL 1        | 42,21, 1
072  RCL I        |   45  25
073  INT          |   43  44
074  GSB 0        |    32  0
075  F? 0         | 43, 6, 0
076  1/x          |       15
077  STO (i)      |   44  24
078  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
079  GTO 1        |    22  1
080  GTO 7        |    22  7
081  LBL 0        | 42,21, 0
082  2            |        2
083  *            |       20
084  1            |        1
085  -            |       30
086  1            |        1
087  8            |        8
088  0            |        0
089  *            |       20
090  RCL 0        |    45  0
091  2            |        2
092  *            |       20
093  /            |       10
094  SIN          |       23
095  2            |        2
096  *            |       20
097  RTN          |   43  32

Dump

################################

DM15_M1B
00  01040000000003  01750000000002  01750000000002  00000000000000
04  08200000910000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002000009eae
08  00000000000000  2faf8bf9fe2280  be220040bcaf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  06283185308000
14  f7365289446075  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000007f2  000000000003ff
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01924950591000
1c  01924950591000  01000000000001  05000000000001  02500000000003
20  01800000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  00000000000000  00000000000000  b23344fcc3f0f2  bcfdfaf133fbf1
f4  43fda2cff182cf  f142cafd0ab2c3  fcf0f2bcfdfaf1  32fbf1420bb2fd
f8  fbf132faf142cc  fdf0f20cb2fcf0  f1bcfdc3f3c6f1  fdf0f5ba0db2ca
fc  fcf0f5fcc3f3c6  f1ccfdf0f10eb2  c3fcf0f2bcfdfa  f1c5fbf1c1c100
A: 08200000910000  B: 08200000910eae  C: 00002000009eae
S: 00000100000000
M: 00000000000990  N: 08200000000990  G: 19

Dump above decoded @ Swiss Micros

# https://technical.swissmicros.com/decoders/nut/
#
001  LBL 0        | 42,21, 0
002  ENTER        |       36
003  ENTER        |       36
004  1            |        1
005  -            |       30
006  x<>y         |       34
007  1            |        1
008  +            |       40
009  /            |       10
010  LOG          |   43  13
011  2            |        2
012  0            |        0
013  *            |       20
014  CHS          |       16
015  RTN          |   43  32
016  LBL E        | 42,21,15
017  1            |        1
018  0            |        0
019  /            |       10
020  10^x         |       13
021  1            |        1
022  EEX          |       26
023  3            |        3
024  CHS          |       16
025  *            |       20
026  5            |        5
027  0            |        0
028  *            |       20
029  sqrt         |       11
030  RTN          |   43  32
031  LBL D        | 42,21,14
032  x^2          |   43  11
033  5            |        5
034  0            |        0
035  /            |       10
036  1            |        1
037  EEX          |       26
038  3            |        3
039  CHS          |       16
040  /            |       10
041  LOG          |   43  13
042  1            |        1
043  0            |        0
044  *            |       20
045  RTN          |   43  32
046  LBL C        | 42,21,13
047  2            |        2
048  0            |        0
049  /            |       10
050  10^x         |       13
051  STO 2        |    44  2
052  1            |        1
053  +            |       40
054  RCL 2        |    45  2
055  1            |        1
056  -            |       30
057  /            |       10
058  RTN          |   43  32
059  LBL B        | 42,21,12
060  STO 2        |    44  2
061  1            |        1
062  -            |       30
063  RCL 2        |    45  2
064  1            |        1
065  +            |       40
066  /            |       10
067  LOG          |   43  13
068  2            |        2
069  0            |        0
070  *            |       20
071  CHS          |       16
072  RTN          |   43  32
073  LBL A        | 42,21,11
074  /            |       10
075  sqrt         |       11
076  STO 2        |    44  2
077  1            |        1
078  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
079  1            |        1
080  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
081  /            |       10
082  STO 3        |    44  3
083  1            |        1
084  -            |       30
085  RCL 3        |    45  3
086  1            |        1
087  +            |       40
088  /            |       10
089  LOG          |   43  13
090  2            |        2
091  0            |        0
092  CHS          |       16
093  *            |       20
094  STO 4        |    44  4
095  RCL 3        |    45  3
096  RTN          |   43  32

Dump

######################################################


DM15
00  01544068044001  01544068044001  01544068044001  00000000000000
04  1154407ffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000000000eae
08  00000000000000  362f0d9e8a808f  00000000002a00  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  02000000000001
14  f0000000000027  c0d2d2d2d2d2d2  000000000004f8  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  00000000000000
c0  01406828223000  01406828223000  01544068044001  00000000000000
f8  000000b23344fc  c3f0f2bcfdfaf1  33fbf143fda2cf  f182cff142cafd
fc  0ab2c3fcf0f2bc  fdfaf132fbf142  0bb2fdfbf132fa  f142ccfdf0f20c
A: 1154407ffff000  B: 1154407ffffeae  C: 00000000000eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 15440680436000  N: 01544068044001  G: 04

Decode of Dump above

#
001  LBL C        | 42,21,13
002  2            |        2
003  0            |        0
004  /            |       10
005  10^x         |       13
006  STO 2        |    44  2
007  1            |        1
008  +            |       40
009  RCL 2        |    45  2
010  1            |        1
011  -            |       30
012  /            |       10
013  RTN          |   43  32
014  LBL B        | 42,21,12
015  STO 2        |    44  2
016  1            |        1
017  -            |       30
018  RCL 2        |    45  2
019  1            |        1
020  +            |       40
021  /            |       10
022  LOG          |   43  13
023  2            |        2
024  0            |        0
025  *            |       20
026  CHS          |       16
027  RTN          |   43  32
028  LBL A        | 42,21,11
029  /            |       10
030  sqrt         |       11
031  STO 2        |    44  2
032  1            |        1
033  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
034  1            |        1
035  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
036  /            |       10
037  STO 3        |    44  3
038  1            |        1
039  -            |       30
040  RCL 3        |    45  3
041  1            |        1
042  +            |       40
043  /            |       10
044  LOG          |   43  13
045  2            |        2
046  0            |        0
047  CHS          |       16
048  *            |       20
049  STO 4        |    44  4
050  RCL 3        |    45  3
051  RTN          |   43  32
########################################################################

Dump 23/12/21

### 23/12/21
# A = Stack Y -> Ref, Stack X ->Fwd -> [f][A] -> Stack Y = RL, Stack X = SWR
# B = SWR -> RL
# C = RL -> SWR
# D = PiAttn : (y = attn, x = Zo) -> [f][D] -> (y = series R, x = shunt Rs)
# E = Fibonacci Number x = n -> f(n)
# 


DM15_M1B
00  03400000000001  01000000000001  08000000000000  00000000000000
04  155000000ff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002000010eae
08  00000000000000  2faf0bde7aa28f  000080bcbcaf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  01000000000001  00000000000000  03400000000001
14  f7365289446057  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000001f1  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01387265622000
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  05000000000001  02500000000003
20  01800000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  00000000000000  000000000000b2  3344fcc3f0f2bc  fdfaf133fbf143
f4  fda2cff182cff1  42cafd0ab2c3fc  f0f2bcfdfaf132  fbf1420bb2fdfb
f8  f132faf142ccfd  f0f20cb2333444  c0cffdc2cff2fb  ba32f143c0cffd
fc  a2cff182cff142  ccfdc3f0f241c5  400db21182c5b1  fa01f0c1f1400e
A: 155000000ff000  B: 155000000ffeae  C: 00002000010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 05500000000001  G: 06

Decode of dump above

# 
#
001  LBL E        | 42,21,15
002  STO 0        |    44  0
003  1            |        1
004  ENTER        |       36
005  0            |        0
006  LBL 1        | 42,21, 1
007  +            |       40
008  LSTx         |   43  36
009  x<>y         |       34
010  DSE 0        | 42, 5, 0
011  GTO 1        |    22  1
012  RTN          |   43  32
013  LBL D        | 42,21,14
014  STO 0        |    44  0
015  x<>y         |       34
016  STO 1        |    44  1
017  2            |        2
018  0            |        0
019  CHS          |       16
020  /            |       10
021  10^x         |       13
022  STO 2        |    44  2
023  1            |        1
024  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
025  1            |        1
026  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
027  /            |       10
028  RCL*0        | 45,20, 0
029  STO 3        |    44  3
030  1            |        1
031  RCL 2        |    45  2
032  x^2          |   43  11
033  -            |       30
034  2            |        2
035  RCL*2        | 45,20, 2
036  /            |       10
037  RCL*0        | 45,20, 0
038  STO 4        |    44  4
039  RCL 4        |    45  4
040  RCL 3        |    45  3
041  RTN          |   43  32
042  LBL C        | 42,21,13
043  2            |        2
044  0            |        0
045  /            |       10
046  10^x         |       13
047  STO 2        |    44  2
048  1            |        1
049  +            |       40
050  RCL 2        |    45  2
051  1            |        1
052  -            |       30
053  /            |       10
054  RTN          |   43  32
055  LBL B        | 42,21,12
056  STO 2        |    44  2
057  1            |        1
058  -            |       30
059  RCL 2        |    45  2
060  1            |        1
061  +            |       40
062  /            |       10
063  LOG          |   43  13
064  2            |        2
065  0            |        0
066  *            |       20
067  CHS          |       16
068  RTN          |   43  32
069  LBL A        | 42,21,11
070  /            |       10
071  sqrt         |       11
072  STO 2        |    44  2
073  1            |        1
074  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
075  1            |        1
076  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
077  /            |       10
078  STO 3        |    44  3
079  1            |        1
080  -            |       30
081  RCL 3        |    45  3
082  1            |        1
083  +            |       40
084  /            |       10
085  LOG          |   43  13
086  2            |        2
087  0            |        0
088  CHS          |       16
089  *            |       20
090  STO 4        |    44  4
091  RCL 3        |    45  3
092  RTN          |   43  32
=======================================================================
#

Dump 10/2/22

#
#    10 Feb 2022
#    Butterworth Filter designer
#    enter filter order (n) into Y register (+ = HPF, - = LPF) , 
#    enter Freq into X register
#    execute program with [f] [A]
#    Values for each component are obtained from registers R1 -> Rn 

DM15_M1B
00  02251666050002  03218976343993  03218976343993  00000000000000
04  16640fff000000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00012012012eae
08  00000000000000  36800bdf7e820f  bef20200000000  00000000000000
10  05000000000000  03218976343993  06005000000000  02000000000000
14  f0000000012377  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000005f0  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00300  04918158214989
1c  09947183945992  04918158214989  03218976343993  01103787069994
20  04547284088990  01103787069994  04026420096990  08509227540993
24  02583151782990  04031222906993  05481145266989  07025940305993
28  09506412356989  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
2c  04000000000007  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  0000b2fcf2c7fd  fcf230fcf0f8f1  fbf1fcf2001811  9596ce50ff20eb
f4  87012640b340ff  72c56930ff83ff  0a17129596fdfc  b6fcf25986eb87
f8  022608b2139596  fdf0f58605b213  9596fcf0f58604  10ff1950ffa3fd
fc  f2eb87032607b2  97faf1fdf0f0f0  f13006b21514ec  00ffb21415ec09
A: 16640fff000000  B: 16640fff000eae  C: 00012012012eae
S: 00000100000000
M: 02000000000001  N: 06639528095001  G: 23

Decode of dump above

=====================================================================
001  LBL 9        | 42,21, 9
002  x=0          |   43  20
003  GTO 5        |    22  5
004  GTO 4        |    22  4
005  RTN          |   43  32
006  LBL .0       | 42,21,.0
007  x=0          |   43  20
008  GTO 4        |    22  4
009  GTO 5        |    22  5
010  RTN          |   43  32
011  LBL 6        | 42,21, 6
012  RCL 0        |    45  0
013  1            |        1
014  0            |        0
015  0            |        0
016  0            |        0
017  /            |       10
018  1            |        1
019  +            |       40
020  STO I        |   44  25
021  RTN          |   43  32
022  LBL 7        | 42,21, 7
023  GSB 6        |    32  6
024  LBL 3        | 42,21, 3
025  RCL I        |   45  25
026  INT          |   43  44
027  2            |        2
028  /            |       10
029  FRAC         |   42  44
030  F? 0         | 43, 6, 0
031  GTO 9        |    22  9
032  GTO .0       |    22 .0
033  LBL 4        | 42,21, 4
034  RCL (i)      |   45  24
035  5            |        5
036  0            |        0
037  *            |       20
038  STO (i)      |   44  24
039  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
040  GTO 3        |    22  3
041  RTN          |   43  32
042  LBL 5        | 42,21, 5
043  RCL (i)      |   45  24
044  5            |        5
045  0            |        0
046  /            |       10
047  STO (i)      |   44  24
048  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
049  GTO 3        |    22  3
050  RTN          |   43  32
051  LBL 8        | 42,21, 8
052  GSB 6        |    32  6
053  LBL 2        | 42,21, 2
054  RCL I        |   45  25
055  INT          |   43  44
056  RCL (i)      |   45  24
057  RCL .9       |    45 .9
058  2            |        2
059  *            |       20
060  PI           |   43  26
061  *            |       20
062  /            |       10
063  STO (i)      |   44  24
064  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
065  GTO 2        |    22  2
066  GTO 7        |    22  7
067  LBL A        | 42,21,11
068  ENG 3        | 42, 9, 3
069  SF 0         | 43, 4, 0
070  STO .9       |    44 .9
071  x<>y         |       34
072  TEST 2       | 43,30, 2
073  CF 0         | 43, 5, 0
074  ABS          |   43  16
075  STO 0        |    44  0
076  GSB 6        |    32  6
077  LBL 1        | 42,21, 1
078  RCL I        |   45  25
079  INT          |   43  44
080  GSB 0        |    32  0
081  F? 0         | 43, 6, 0
082  1/x          |       15
083  STO (i)      |   44  24
084  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
085  GTO 1        |    22  1
086  GTO 8        |    22  8
087  LBL 0        | 42,21, 0
088  2            |        2
089  *            |       20
090  1            |        1
091  -            |       30
092  1            |        1
093  8            |        8
094  0            |        0
095  *            |       20
096  RCL 0        |    45  0
097  2            |        2
098  *            |       20
099  /            |       10
100  SIN          |       23
101  2            |        2
102  *            |       20
103  RTN          |   43  32

Dump 07/02/25

###############
# 7 Feb 2025
# LBL A = y : ref/ x : fwd fA -> y : RL / x : SWR
# LBL B = SWR -> RL
# LBL C = RL -> SWR
# LBL D = Gas calc (tare ENTER gross ENTER cylinder "full gas weight" (i.e. 6/13/19kg) f D -> percentage full
# LBL E = DTT Freq <-> Channel conversion

DM15_M1B
00  09806650000000  02200000000001  03060000000002  00000000000000
04  066261ff934000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000991000eae
08  00000000000000  39a287df7e2200  dba00240000000  00000000000000
10  01579783596001  01579783596001  00000000000000  08000000000000
14  f0000000000014  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000005f0  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01387265619000
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  0000b2fdfbf1c5  faf1c1c1ccfdf0  f20cb2c3fcf0f2  bcfdfaf1c5fbf1
f4  c1c10bb23344c3  fcf0f2bcfdfaf1  33fbf143fda2cf  f182cff142cafd
f8  0ab2fcf0f0f1fd  32fbc531fcf4f5  f4c0fafdf6f1fc  f0f0f1a3c5ebc1
fc  40c441c4420db2  faf6f0f3fcf809  b2fdf8fbf6f0f3  1978c5f6f0f30e
A: 066261ff934000  B: 066261ff934eae  C: 00000991000eae
S: 00000100000000
M: 03060000000002  N: 06626070150966  G: 04

Work Tools 23/01/26

###################################
#
#   Label A = DTT : Freq / Channel conversion
#   Label B = Gas : Tare/Gross/Size to calculate percentage-full
#   Label C = Return Loss to SWR conversion
#   Label D = SWR to Return Loss conversion
#   Label E = Reflected & Forward power to Return Loss and SWR calculation

DM15_M1B
00  03060000000002  04925000000001  04925000000001  00000000000000
04  2698000000f000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002001001eae
08  00000000000000  bfaf0bfe7e228f  02f082bcbcaf80  00000000000000
10  04002000000001  03650000000001  06000000000000  03060000000002
14  f0000000000100  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000005f0  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01622214211999
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  05000000000000  03000000000000
20  00000000000000  00000000000000  04000000000000  08000000000000
24  02100000000001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  0000b2faf6f0f3  fcf809b2fdf8fb  f6f0f31978c5f6  f0f30ab2fcf0f0
f4  f1fd32fbc531fc  f4f5f4c0fafdf6  f1fcf0f0f1a3c5  ebc140c441c442
f8  0bb2c3fcf0f2bc  fdfaf1c5fbf1c1  c10db2fdfbf1c5  faf1c1c1ccfdf0
fc  f20cb23344c3fc  f0f2bcfdfaf133  fbf143fda2cff1  82cff142cafd0e
A: 2698000000f000  B: 2698000000feae  C: 00002001001eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 06980000000000  N: 06980000000002  G: 06

Decoded Dump

001  LBL E        | 42,21,15
002  /            |       10
003  sqrt         |       11
004  STO 2        |    44  2
005  1            |        1
006  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
007  1            |        1
008  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
009  /            |       10
010  STO 3        |    44  3
011  1            |        1
012  -            |       30
013  RCL 3        |    45  3
014  1            |        1
015  +            |       40
016  /            |       10
017  LOG          |   43  13
018  2            |        2
019  0            |        0
020  *            |       20
021  CHS          |       16
022  STO 4        |    44  4
023  RCL 3        |    45  3
024  RTN          |   43  32
025  LBL C        | 42,21,13
026  2            |        2
027  0            |        0
028  /            |       10
029  10^x         |       13
030  ENTER        |       36
031  ENTER        |       36
032  1            |        1
033  +            |       40
034  x<>y         |       34
035  1            |        1
036  -            |       30
037  /            |       10
038  RTN          |   43  32
039  LBL D        | 42,21,14
040  ENTER        |       36
041  ENTER        |       36
042  1            |        1
043  -            |       30
044  x<>y         |       34
045  1            |        1
046  +            |       40
047  /            |       10
048  LOG          |   43  13
049  2            |        2
050  0            |        0
051  *            |       20
052  CHS          |       16
053  RTN          |   43  32
054  LBL B        | 42,21,12
055  STO 2        |    44  2
056  R_down       |       33
057  STO 1        |    44  1
058  R_down       |       33
059  STO 0        |    44  0
060  ENTER        |       36
061  INT          |   43  44
062  x<>y         |       34
063  FRAC         |   42  44
064  1            |        1
065  0            |        0
066  0            |        0
067  *            |       20
068  1            |        1
069  6            |        6
070  /            |       10
071  +            |       40
072  .            |       48
073  4            |        4
074  5            |        5
075  4            |        4
076  *            |       20
077  RCL 1        |    45  1
078  x<>y         |       34
079  -            |       30
080  RCL 2        |    45  2
081  /            |       10
082  1            |        1
083  0            |        0
084  0            |        0
085  *            |       20
086  RTN          |   43  32
087  LBL A        | 42,21,11
088  3            |        3
089  0            |        0
090  6            |        6
091  x<>y         |       34
092  TEST 8       | 43,30, 8
093  GTO 9        |    22  9
094  3            |        3
095  0            |        0
096  6            |        6
097  -            |       30
098  8            |        8
099  /            |       10
100  RTN          |   43  32
101  LBL 9        | 42,21, 9
102  8            |        8
103  *            |       20
104  3            |        3
105  0            |        0
106  6            |        6
107  +            |       40
108  RTN          |   43  32

LBL A = DTT MHz or Channel No f A → Channel No or MHz
LBL B = Gas : tare weight ENTER gross kg ENTER cylinder size kg f B → Fill percentage %
LBL C = Return Loss dBf C → SWR
LBL D = SWR f D → Return Loss dB
LBL E = Reflected Power ENTER Forward Power f E → Return Loss dB (y), SWR (x)

Solve with an Integral

from HP34C manual pp233
Solves Bessel function for Bessel-zero mod. index value

DM15_M1B
00  02404827787000  00000000000000  01570796327996  30001fd33ff996
04  024048fffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  40999997000eae
08  00000000000000  2fbf8db6e42080  00000000000040  00000000000000
10  02404827787000  00000000000000  00000000000000  95139629874993
14  00000000000000  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000006fd  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  00000000000000
fc  00000000000000  00b2fdb6c8fc30  c703b2b170a2ed  b333efb6f0400a
A: 024048fffff000  B: 024048fffffeae  C: 40999997000eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 000000000060fd  N: 02404827787000  G: 04


LBL A
STO 0
0
PI
∫ 3
ABS
         // THIS IS A METHOD OF RESTRICTING SOLVE TO A CERTAIN ACCURACY TO REDUCE THE TIME..
x<=y?    // y has the Integration accuracy estimate. We test if our "zero" is <= this. No point in trying further. Limits search time
CLx      // if our current guess for "zero" is better than the integration accuracy estimate we wipe "x" to an "actual" zero so that the SOLVE will complete
x≠0?     // if it wasn't "zero" we replace the last estimate of the integration and the SOLVE continues
LASTx
RTN

LBL 3
SIN
RCL 0
*
COS
PI
/
RTN

be in RAD angle mode
put initial guesses of 0 ENTER 1 and then f SOLVE A
first bessel zero at mod index 2.405

Program dumps for LF15C

Firmware details

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

Start of thread : https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046.html
- Serial Port dump info : https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046-post-194697.html#pid194697
Serial Port settings
- Rate : 57600
- Data : 8 bit
- Stop : 1 bit
- Parity : None
- Flow Control : None
To extract a dump from calculator press and hold STO
- the non-zero digits can be copy/pasted into a text file for storage
To upload a previously saved dump
- copy it to clipboard and then
- press and hold RCL until the terminal shows Paste PrgMemory:
- in Putty ShiftFnInsert to paste clipboard text into terminal

Butterworth Filter

43 8 17 255 17 19 30 39 103 39 40 86 43 9 118 12 7 5 7 4 86 43 10 118 12 7 4 7 5 86 43 6 17 0 26 25 25 25 40 26 37 13 254 86 43 7 6 6 43 3 17 254 93 30 40 53 115 0 7 9 7 10 43 4 6 8 31 25 39 13 255 75 254 7 3 86 43 5 6 8 31 25 40 13 255 75 254 7 3 86 7 7 43 100 76 3 107 0 13 19 14 118 3 111 0 104 13 0 6 6 43 1 17 254 93 6 0 115 0 20 13 255 75 254 7 1 7 7 43 0 30 39 26 38 26 32 25 39 17 0 30 39 40 11 30 39 86 0

Order n (+ is HPF, - is LPF) → y
Frequency (Hz) → X
fA
Results are in R01 … R0n

Benchmarks

Savage, 8-queens, HP Maths and HP Trig

43 77 31 35 29 30 35 13 0 25 13 2 43 78 17 0 11 91 15 95 19 99 88 8 26 121 2 7 78 86 43 104 25 13 2 26 29 25 26 30 34 27 23 35 13 0 30 29 34 27 31 13 1 43 2 17 1 17 0 39 17 1 38 17 0 40 17 1 39 34 29 31 40 4 26 121 2 7 2 86 43 88 54 32 13 10 43 80 17 0 17 10 118 6 7 84 26 121 0 17 0 13 254 17 10 13 255 43 81 26 121 11 17 0 13 9 43 82 26 122 9 17 9 118 12 7 80 17 0 13 254 17 255 17 9 13 254 10 17 255 38 118 12 7 83 104 17 0 17 9 38 118 7 7 82 43 83 17 0 13 254 26 122 255 17 255 118 1 7 81 26 122 0 17 0 118 1 7 83 43 84 17 11 58 86 43 100 112 30 27 36 36 13 0 26 22 22 22 43 101 84 4 88 8 99 19 37 71 0 7 101 58 86 0

Savage is prog A : fA
8-Queens is prog 88 : f LBL 88
- Both the above use runTime to measure execution time - returns result in y and time in x
HP Museum Maths Benchmark is prog E : fE.
- Run for 60 seconds, press R/S and find result in reg 02 RCL02
HP Museum Trig Benchmark is prog 77 : fLBL 77.
- Run for 60 seconds, press R/S and find result in reg 02 RCL02

Work Tools

43 104 40 4 13 2 26 125 2 26 126 2 40 13 3 26 38 17 3 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 17 3 86 43 103 22 22 26 38 14 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 86 43 102 30 25 40 12 22 22 26 37 14 26 38 40 86 43 101 13 2 10 13 1 10 13 0 22 93 14 53 26 25 25 39 26 35 40 37 29 27 31 27 39 17 1 14 38 17 2 40 26 25 25 39 86 43 100 34 25 31 14 118 8 7 1 32 39 34 25 35 37 86 43 1 34 25 35 38 32 40 86 0

LBL A = DTT (Channel ↔ Freq )
LBL B = Gas
LBL C = Return Loss → SWR
LBL D = SWR → Return Loss
LBL E = Reflected Power & Forward Power → Return Loss & SWR

Work Tools & Benchmarks

43 55 31 35 29 30 35 13 0 25 13 2 43 56 17 0 11 91 15 95 19 99 88 8 26 121 2 7 56 86 43 44 25 13 2 26 29 25 26 30 34 27 23 35 13 0 30 29 34 27 31 13 1 43 45 17 1 17 0 39 17 1 38 17 0 40 17 1 39 34 29 31 40 4 26 121 2 7 45 86 43 88 54 32 13 10 43 80 17 0 17 10 118 6 7 84 26 121 0 17 0 13 254 17 10 13 255 43 81 26 121 11 17 0 13 9 43 82 26 122 9 17 9 118 12 7 80 17 0 13 254 17 255 17 9 13 254 10 17 255 38 118 12 7 83 104 17 0 17 9 38 118 7 7 82 43 83 17 0 13 254 26 122 255 17 255 118 1 7 81 26 122 0 17 0 118 1 7 83 43 84 17 11 58 86 43 66 112 30 27 36 36 13 0 26 22 22 22 43 67 84 4 88 8 99 19 37 71 0 7 67 58 86 43 104 40 4 13 2 26 125 2 26 126 2 40 13 3 26 38 17 3 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 17 3 86 43 103 22 22 26 38 14 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 86 43 102 30 25 40 12 22 22 26 37 14 26 38 40 86 43 101 13 2 10 13 1 10 13 0 22 93 14 53 26 25 25 39 26 35 40 37 29 27 31 27 39 17 1 14 38 17 2 40 26 25 25 39 86 43 100 34 25 31 14 118 8 7 1 32 39 34 25 35 37 86 43 1 34 25 35 38 32 40 86 0 0

LBL A = DTT (Channel ↔ Freq )
LBL B = Gas
LBL C = Return Loss → SWR
LBL D = SWR → Return Loss
LBL E = Reflected Power & Forward Power → Return Loss & SWR

Savage is prog is prog 66 : f LBL 66
8-Queens is prog 88 : f LBL 88
- Both the above use runTime to measure execution time - returns result in y and time in x
HP Museum Maths Benchmark is prog is prog 44 : f LBL 44
- Run for 60 seconds, press R/S and find result in reg 02 RCL02
HP Museum Trig Benchmark is prog 55 : fLBL 55.
- Run for 60 seconds, press R/S and find result in reg 02 RCL02

Dot/Cross/Uvec

43 12 22 104 40 86 43 11 13 99 10 13 98 55 17 99 39 17 98 17 99 55 39 38 30 78 40 86 43 10 13 98 10 13 99 17 98 55 39 17 98 17 99 55 39 37 30 40 86 0 0

* Dot Product of 2 complex numbers in y and x

|Y||X|Cosθ
- Y = Y_re + j Y_im
- X = X_re + j X_im
- Dot Product Y ⋅ X = Y_reX_re + Y_imX_im
Another way without splitting the complex number into its real & imaginary parts
- Dot Product Y ⋅ X = (Y^*.X + Y.X^*) / 2
  - f LBL 10

Cross Product of 2 complex numbers in y and x
- |Y||X|Sinθ
  - Y = Y_re + j Y_im
  - X = X_re + j X_im
  - Cross Product Y ⊗ X = Y_reX_im - Y_imX_re
- Another way without splitting the complex number into its real & imaginary parts
  - Cross Product Y ⊗ X = (Y^*.X - Y.X^*) / 2i
    - f LBL 11

Unit Vector of a complex number in x : f LBL 12

Dot Product

LBL 10
STO 98
R↓
STO 99
RCL 98
f (i)
x
RCL 98
RCL 99
f (i)
x
+
2
/
RTN

Cross Product

LBL 11
STO 99
R↓
STO 98
f (i)
RCL 99
x
RCL 98
RCL 99
f (i)
x
-
2
f Re<>Im
/
RTN

UVEC

LBL 12
ENTER
ABS
/
RTN

Work Tools & Dot/Cross/UVEC

43 104 40 4 13 2 26 125 2 26 126 2 40 13 3 26 38 17 3 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 13 4 17 3 86 43 102 30 25 40 12 22 22 26 37 14 26 38 40 86 43 103 22 22 26 38 14 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 86 43 101 13 2 10 13 1 10 13 0 22 93 14 53 26 25 25 39 26 35 40 37 29 27 31 27 39 17 1 14 38 17 2 40 26 25 25 39 86 43 100 34 25 35 14 118 9 7 9 34 25 35 38 32 40 86 43 9 32 39 34 25 35 37 86 43 12 22 104 40 86 43 11 13 99 10 13 98 55 17 99 39 17 98 17 99 55 39 38 30 78 40 86 43 10 13 98 10 13 99 17 98 55 39 17 98 17 99 55 39 37 30 40 86 0 0

LBL A = DTT MHz or Channel No f A → Channel No or MHz
LBL B = Gas : tare weight ENTER gross kg ENTER cylinder size kg f B → Fill percentage %
LBL C = Return Loss dBf C → SWR
LBL D = SWR f D → Return Loss dB
LBL E = Reflected Power ENTER Forward Power f E → Return Loss dB (y), SWR (x)

LBL 10 = Dot Product
LBL 11 = Cross Product
LBL 12 = Unit Vector

Solve with an Integral

from HP34C manual pp233
Solves Bessel function for Bessel-zero mod. index value

differs from the DM15L (HP15C) version because the Integration Accuracy estimate is very small so the test of x < = y? will never be true
instead we store a required ACC value (much like in the HP42S/DM42) in R001 and test against this instead

Memory Dump

43 100 13 0 25 103 79 3 104 17 1 118 8 98 118 1 102 86 43 3 11 17 0 39 15 103 40 86 0 0

Code


LBL A
STO 0
0
PI
∫ 3
ABS
RCL 1
x>y? // test if current guess (y) is better (lower) than our required accuracy (x)
CLx   // if it is, we're near enough, put a real zero in x
x≠0   // if it isn't zero we need to continue
LASTx // put back the last guess into x and the SOLVE goes on
RTN


LBL 3
SIN
RCL 0
*
COS
PI
/
RTN

be in RAD angle mode
put your ACC value in R001 (e.g. 0.0001 or 0.00001)
put initial guesses of 1 ENTER 2 and then f SOLVE A
first bessel zero at mod index 2.4048

Integrate Tests

The 12 Integration examples from the PPC ROM handbook section IG

43 12 84 24 26 37 14 24 30 37 39 4 86 43 11 28 16 14 84 24 26 37 4 39 14 24 30 37 26 34 22 30 40 16 40 86 43 10 84 24 26 37 4 86 43 9 30 20 24 16 86 43 8 88 15 86 43 7 35 25 25 103 39 37 4 14 4 37 14 11 84 35 25 25 39 14 40 86 43 6 24 27 37 14 39 4 86 43 5 4 14 26 38 40 14 88 20 38 86 43 4 88 86 43 3 103 39 11 86 43 2 4 86 43 1 27 14 84 26 37 40 86 0 0

SCI04 display mode

12 programs. Set limits and then execute f ∫ prog number

For example for program 1

0 ENTER 1 f ∫ 0 1 gives answer 3.1416

Limits 0 → 1 answer 3.1416
Limits 0 → 1 answer 6.6667 E-1
Limits 0 → 1 answer 6.3662 E-1 (rads mode)
Limits 0 → 1 answer -1.000
Limits 0 → 1 answer 3.6490 E-2
Limits 0 → 2 answer 3.1416
Limits 0 → π answer 2.1102 E1
Limits 0 → 1 answer 5.0000 E-1 (rads mode)
Limits 0 → 1 answer 2.0000
Limits 0 → 1 answer 7.8540 E-1
Limits -1 → 1 answer 2.3857 E-2
Limits -1 → 1 answer 2.2033

Using FIX10 still allows the integrations to complete almost instantly except for Program 8 which takes around 8 seconds!

Dropping to FIX08 and program 8 integration completes almost instantaneously too. Strangely Program 8 has some odd behaviour regarding display precision.

FIX04 → FIX07 → instantaneous answer 0.5000….
FIX08 → instantaneous answer 0.50000….
FIX09 → 8 seconds answer 0.499964689
FIX10 → 8 seconds answer 0.4999747623
FIX11 → 10 seconds answer 0.49999489949
FIX12 → 10 seconds answer 0.499999962001
FIX13 → instantaneous answer 0.5000……
FIX14 → instantaneous answer 0.500000……
FIX15 → instantaneous answer 0.5000000……

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 17:35:39 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 16/04/26 16:01 BST

Further Information

calculator, dm15l, lf15c

DM32 Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 07:14:40 +0000

←Programs

DM32 Progs

Description

Return Loss & SWR from Complex Impedance

Input Rs and Xs to calculate |z|, |ρ|, VSWR and R.Loss

Complex numbers in DM32

The DM32/HP31Sii handles complex numbers by treating stack-X as Real, stack-Y and Imaginary for one complex number, and stack-Z as Real and stack-T as Imaginary for a second complex number.

This means the normal 4 level stack can hold 2 complex numbers. This is similar to the HP41 Advantage Pack's method.

To store a complex number in a register actually requires two to be used - one for Real part and one for Imaginary part. This is similar to the HP15C/DM15L.

Once the real and imaginary values are on the stack various “Complex” functions are accessed by SHIFTCMPLXFunction for example to add

Z₁ = (10 + j20)

and

Z₂ = (30 - j25)

gives

Z₃ = Z₁ + Z₂ = ( 10 + j20 ) + ( 30 - j25 )

20 ENTER 10 ENTER
25 CHS ENTER 30

The stack will show

Then carry out the addition

SHIFT CMPLX +

The display will show

X has the real part of Z₃ (40) and Y has the imaginary part of Z₃ (-5)

Z₃ = ( 40 - j5 )

The program

LBL Z
INPUT R
INPUT X
X<>Y       ; swap so Real is R and Imag is X
0
ENTER
50         ; enter Zo as 50 + j 0 
CMPLX +    ; complex addition Z + Zo
STO A      ; store intermediate value Re (Z + Zo)
R↓        
STO B      ; store intermediate value Im (Z + Zo)
R↓         ; X and Y stack now holds input Z real & imag again   
0
ENTER
50         ; enter Zo as 50 + j 0 (again)
CMPLX -    ; complex subtraction Z - Zo
RCL B      ; Im (Z + Zo)  
RCL A      ; Re (Z + Zo)
CMPLX ÷    ; complex divide (STACK z,t holds (Z - Zo) stack x,y holds (Z + Zo) (from reg. A & B) to calculate complex reflection coeff. ρ
STO E      ; save Re ρ
R↓
STO F      ; save Im ρ
RCL E
y,x -> θ, r ; convert complex rectangular ρ to mag/angle - X holds the magnitude |ρ| ( Y holds the angle, but we don't care)
STO P       ; save |ρ|
1
RCL+ P
1
RCL- P
÷
STO S       ; store VSWR ( 1 + |ρ| ) / ( 1 - |ρ| ) 
RCL P       
LOG
20
X
STO Y       ; store Return Loss = 20 LOG |ρ|
RCL X
RCL R
y,x -> θ, r
STO Z       ; store magnitude of impedance |z|
RCL P       ; |ρ|
RCL S       ; VSWR
RCL Y       ; Return Loss
RTN

Example

Z = 65.2 + j 17.7
R = 65.2
X = 17.7

Results on stack:

|Z| = 67.6 ohms
|ρ| = 0.2
SWR = 1.5:1
Return Loss = 13.9dB

— John Pumford-Green 19/07/23 06:08

Further Information

calculator, dm32

Old stuff but good

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Old stuff but good

Alpine

.pinerc

#
# Alpine configuration file
#
# This file sets the configuration options used by Alpine and PC-Alpine. These
# options are usually set from within Alpine or PC-Alpine. There may be a
# system-wide configuration file which sets the defaults for some of the
# variables. On Unix, run alpine -conf to see how system defaults have been set.
# For variables that accept multiple values, list elements are separated by
# commas. A line beginning with a space or tab is considered to be a
# continuation of the previous line. For a variable to be unset its value must
# be blank. To set a variable to the empty string its value should be "".
# You can override system defaults by setting a variable to the empty string.
# Lines beginning with "#" are comments, and ignored by Alpine.

# Over-rides your full name from Unix password file. Required for PC-Alpine.
personal-name=

# Sets domain part of From: and local addresses in outgoing mail.
user-domain=gm4slv.plus.com

# List of SMTP servers for sending mail. If blank: Unix Alpine uses sendmail.
smtp-server=relay.plus.net:587/user=gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com

# NNTP server for posting news. Also sets news-collections for news reading.
nntp-server=""

# Path of (local or remote) INBOX, e.g. ={mail.somewhere.edu}inbox
# Normal Unix default is the local INBOX (usually /var/spool/mail/$USER).
inbox-path={imap.plus.net:993/ssl/user=gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com}inbox

# List of folder pairs; the first indicates a folder to archive, and the
# second indicates the folder read messages in the first should
# be moved to.
incoming-archive-folders=

# List of folders, assumed to be in first folder collection,
# offered for pruning each month.  For example: mumble
pruned-folders=

# Over-rides default path for sent-mail folder, e.g. =old-mail (using first
# folder collection dir) or ={host2}sent-mail or ="" (to suppress saving).
# Default: sent-mail (Unix) or SENTMAIL.MTX (PC) in default folder collection.
default-fcc={imap.plus.net:993/ssl/user=gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com}Inbox.Sent

# Over-rides default path for saved-msg folder, e.g. =saved-messages (using 1st
# folder collection dir) or ={host2}saved-mail or ="" (to suppress saving).
# Default: saved-messages (Unix) or SAVEMAIL.MTX (PC) in default collection.
default-saved-msg-folder=

# Over-rides default path for postponed messages folder, e.g. =pm (which uses
# first folder collection dir) or ={host4}pm (using home dir on host4).
# Default: postponed-msgs (Unix) or POSTPOND.MTX (PC) in default fldr coltn.
postponed-folder=

# If set, specifies where already-read messages will be moved upon quitting.
read-message-folder=

# If set, specifies where form letters should be stored.
form-letter-folder=

# If set, specifies where trash is moved to in Web Alpine.
trash-folder=

# Contains the actual signature contents as opposed to the signature filename.
# If defined, this overrides the signature-file. Default is undefined.
literal-signature=

# Over-rides default path for signature file. Default is ~/.signature
signature-file=

# List of features; see Alpine's Setup/options menu for the current set.
# e.g. feature-list= select-without-confirm, signature-at-bottom
# Default condition for all of the features is no-.
feature-list=combined-folder-display,
	expanded-view-of-folders,
	expose-hidden-config,
	no-force-arrow-cursor,
	enable-incoming-folders,
	combined-subdirectory-display,
	enable-incoming-folders-checking,
	preopen-stayopen-folders,
	no-enable-msg-view-forced-arrows,
	enable-full-header-and-text,
	enable-cruise-mode,
	prefer-plain-text,
	enable-mail-check-cue,
	no-show-cursor,
	quell-empty-directories,
	no-separate-folder-and-directory-entries,
	no-enable-dot-folders,
	vertical-folder-list,
	single-column-folder-list,
	expanded-view-of-distribution-lists,
	disable-take-last-comma-first,
	no-assume-slow-link,
	show-plain-text-internally,
	enable-msg-view-addresses,
	no-enable-arrow-navigation-relaxed,
	no-enable-lame-list-mode

# Alpine executes these keys upon startup (e.g. to view msg 13: i,j,1,3,CR,v)
initial-keystroke-list=

# Only show these headers (by default) when composing messages
default-composer-hdrs=

# Add these customized headers (and possible default values) when composing
customized-hdrs=

# When viewing messages, include this list of headers
viewer-hdrs=

# When viewing messages, number of blank spaces between left display edge and text
viewer-margin-left=

# When viewing messages, number of blank spaces between right display edge and text
viewer-margin-right=

# When viewing messages, number of lines of quote displayed before suppressing
quote-suppression-threshold=

# Determines default folder name for Saves...
# Choices: default-folder, by-sender, by-from, by-recipient, last-folder-used.
# Default: "default-folder", i.e. "saved-messages" (Unix) or "SAVEMAIL" (PC).
saved-msg-name-rule=

# Determines default name for Fcc...
# Choices: default-fcc, by-recipient, last-fcc-used.
# Default: "default-fcc" (see also "default-fcc=" variable.)
fcc-name-rule=

# Sets presentation order of messages in Index. Choices:
# Subject, From, Arrival, Date, Size, To, Cc, OrderedSubj, Score, and Thread.
# Order may be reversed by appending /Reverse. Default: "Arrival".
sort-key=

# Sets presentation order of address book entries. Choices: dont-sort,
# fullname-with-lists-last, fullname, nickname-with-lists-last, nickname
# Default: "fullname-with-lists-last".
addrbook-sort-rule=

# Sets presentation order of folder list entries. Choices: alphabetical,
# alpha-with-dirs-last, alpha-with-dirs-first.
# Default: "alpha-with-directories-last".
folder-sort-rule=

# Sets the default folder and collection offered at the Goto Command's prompt.
goto-default-rule=

# Sets message which cursor begins on. Choices: first-unseen, first-recent,
# first-important, first-important-or-unseen, first-important-or-recent,
# first, last. Default: "first-unseen".
incoming-startup-rule=

# Allows a default answer for the prune folder questions. Choices: yes-ask,
# yes-no, no-ask, no-no, ask-ask, ask-no. Default: "ask-ask".
pruning-rule=

# Controls behavior when reopening an already open folder.
folder-reopen-rule=

# Style that MESSAGE INDEX is displayed in when threading.
threading-display-style=

# Style of THREAD INDEX or default MESSAGE INDEX when threading.
threading-index-style=

# When threading, character used to indicate collapsed messages underneath.
threading-indicator-character=

# When threading, character used to indicate expanded messages underneath.
threading-expanded-character=

# When threading, character used to indicate this is the last reply
# to the parent of this message.
threading-lastreply-character=

# Reflects capabilities of the display you have.
# If unset, the default is taken from your locale. That is usually the right
# thing to use. Typical alternatives include UTF-8, ISO-8859-x, and EUC-JP
# (where x is a number between 1 and 9).
display-character-set=

# Reflects capabilities of the keyboard you have.
# If unset, the default is to use the same value
# used for the display-character-set.
keyboard-character-set=

# Defaults to UTF-8. This is used for outgoing messages.
# It is usually correct to leave this unset.
posting-character-set=

# Defaults to nothing, which is equivalent to US-ASCII. This is used for
# unlabeled incoming messages. It is ok to leave this unset but if you receive
# unlabeled mail that is usually in some known character set, set that here.
unknown-character-set=

# Specifies the program invoked by ^_ in the Composer,
# or the "enable-alternate-editor-implicitly" feature.
editor=

# Specifies the program invoked by ^T in the Composer.
speller=

# Specifies the column of the screen where the composer should wrap.
composer-wrap-column=

# Specifies the string to insert when replying to a message.
reply-indent-string=

# Specifies the introduction to insert when replying to a message.
reply-leadin=

# Specifies the string to replace quotes with when viewing a message.
quote-replace-string=

# When these characters appear in the middle of a word in the composer
# the forward word function will stop at the first text following (as happens
# with SPACE characters by default)
composer-word-separators=

# Specifies the string to use when sending a  message with no to or cc.
empty-header-message=

# Program to view images (e.g. GIF or TIFF attachments).
image-viewer=

# If "user-domain" not set, strips hostname in FROM address. (Unix only)
use-only-domain-name=

# This variable takes a list of programs that message text is piped into
# after MIME decoding, prior to display.
display-filters=

# This defines a program that message text is piped into before MIME
# encoding, prior to sending
sending-filters=

# A list of alternate addresses the user is known by
alt-addresses=

# A list of keywords for use in categorizing messages
keywords=

# Characters which surround keywords in SUBJKEY token.
# Default is "{" "} "
keyword-surrounding-chars=

# Characters between subject and opening text in SUBJECTTEXT token.
# Default is " - "
opening-text-separator-chars=

# This is a list of formats for address books.  Each entry in the list is made
# up of space-delimited tokens telling which fields are displayed and in
# which order.  See help text
addressbook-formats=

# This gives a format for displaying the index.  It is made
# up of space-delimited tokens telling which fields are displayed and in
# which order.  See help text
index-format=

# The number of lines of overlap when scrolling through message text
viewer-overlap=

# Number of lines from top and bottom of screen where single
# line scrolling occurs.
scroll-margin=

# The number of seconds to sleep after writing a status message
status-message-delay=

# Number of times per-second to update busy cue messages
busy-cue-rate=

# The approximate number of seconds between checks for new mail
mail-check-interval=

# The approximate number of seconds between checks for new mail in folders
# other than the current folder and inbox.
# Default is same as mail-check-interval
mail-check-interval-noncurrent=

# The minimum number of seconds between checks for new mail in a Mail Drop.
# This is always effectively at least as large as the mail-check-interval
maildrop-check-minimum=

# For newsgroups accessed using NNTP, only messages numbered in the range
# lastmsg-range+1 to lastmsg will be considered
nntp-range=

# Full path and name of NEWSRC file
newsrc-path=

# Path and filename of news configuration's active file.
# The default is typically "/usr/lib/news/active".
news-active-file-path=

# Directory containing system's news data.
# The default is typically "/var/spool/news"
news-spool-directory=

# Path and filename of the program used to upload text from your terminal
# emulator's into Alpine's composer.
upload-command=

# Text sent to terminal emulator prior to invoking the program defined by
# the upload-command variable.
# Note: _FILE_ will be replaced with the temporary file used in the upload.
upload-command-prefix=

# Path and filename of the program used to download text via your terminal
# emulator from Alpine's export and save commands.
download-command=

# Text sent to terminal emulator prior to invoking the program defined by
# the download-command variable.
# Note: _FILE_ will be replaced with the temporary file used in the download.
download-command-prefix=

# Sets the search path for the mailcap configuration file.
# NOTE: colon delimited under UNIX, semi-colon delimited under DOS/Windows/OS2.
mailcap-search-path=

# Sets the search path for the mimetypes configuration file.
# NOTE: colon delimited under UNIX, semi-colon delimited under DOS/Windows/OS2.
mimetype-search-path=

# Sets the path for the system ssl certificates issued by a trusted
# certificate authority. Note that this could be a list of paths, if the same
# pinerc is used in different systems. Alpine always chooses the first one that
# it finds. Value must be an absolute path.
system-certs-path=

# Sets the path for the system ssl file container of certificates issued by a
# certificate authority. Note that this could be a list of container files,
# if the same pinerc is used in different systems. Alpine always chooses the,
# first one that it finds. Value must be an absolute path.
system-certs-file=

# Sets the path for a file that contains certificates that a user trusts.
Note that this could be a list of container files,
# if the same pinerc is used in different systems. Alpine always chooses the,
# first one that it finds. Value must be an absolute path.
user-certs-path=

# Sets the path for a file that contains certificates that a user trusts.
Note that this could be a list of container files,
# if the same pinerc is used in different systems. Alpine always chooses the,
# first one that it finds. Value must be an absolute path.
user-certs-file=

# List of programs to open Internet URLs (e.g. http or ftp references).
url-viewers=

# List of directories that are preferred locations to save or export attachments.
default-directories=

# The maximum number of non-stayopen remote connections that Alpine will use
max-remote-connections=

# A list of folders that should be left open once opened (INBOX is implicit)
stay-open-folders=""

# Sets the time in seconds that Alpine will attempt to open a network
# connection when checking for new unseen messages in an incoming folder.
#  The default is 5.
incoming-check-timeout=

# Sets the approximate number of seconds between checks for unseen messages
# in incoming folders. The default is 180.
incoming-check-interval=

# Sets the approximate number of seconds between checks for unseen messages
# for other than local or IMAP folders. The default is 180.
incoming-check-interval-secondary=

# List of incoming folders to check for unseen messages. The default if left
# blank is to check all incoming folders.
incoming-check-list=

# Specifies the number of dead letter files to keep when canceling.
dead-letter-files=

# Sets the filename for the newmail fifo (named pipe). Unix only.
newmail-fifo-path=

# Sets the width for the NewMail screen.
newmail-window-width=

# List of incoming msg folders besides INBOX, e.g. ={host2}inbox, {host3}inbox
# Syntax: optnl-label {optnl-imap-host-name}folder-path
incoming-folders=W2W {imap.123-reg.co.uk:993/ssl/user=john@wire2waves.co.uk}INBOX

# List of directories where saved-message folders may be. First one is
# the default for Saves. Example: Main {host1}mail/[], Desktop mail\[]
# Syntax: optnl-label {optnl-imap-hostname}optnl-directory-path[]
folder-collections="W2W Folders" {imap.123-reg.co.uk:993/ssl/user=john@wire2waves.co.uk}[],
	PlusNet {imap.plus.net:993/user=gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com/ssl}INBOX.[]

# List, only needed if nntp-server not set, or news is on a different host
# than used for NNTP posting. Examples: News *[] or News *{host3/nntp}[]
# Syntax: optnl-label *{news-host/protocol}[]
news-collections=

# List of file or path names for personal addressbook(s).
# Default: ~/.addressbook (Unix) or \PINE\ADDRBOOK (PC)
# Syntax: optnl-label path-name
address-book=

# List of file or path names for global/shared addressbook(s).
# Default: none
# Syntax: optnl-label path-name
global-address-book=

# Set by Alpine; controls beginning-of-month sent-mail pruning.
last-time-prune-questioned=122.9

# Set by Alpine; controls display of "new version" message.
last-version-used=6.24

# This names the path to an alternative program, and any necessary arguments,
# to be used in posting mail messages.  Example:
#                    /usr/lib/sendmail -oem -t -oi
# or,
#                    /usr/local/bin/sendit.sh
# The latter a script found in Alpine distribution's contrib/util directory.
# NOTE: The program MUST read the message to be posted on standard input,
#       AND operate in the style of sendmail's "-t" option.
sendmail-path=

# This names the root of the tree to which the user is restricted when reading
# and writing folders and files.  For example, on Unix ~/work confines the
# user to the subtree beginning with their work subdirectory.
# (Note: this alone is not sufficient for preventing access.  You will also
# need to restrict shell access and so on, see Alpine Technical Notes.)
# Default: not set (so no restriction)
operating-dir=

# If no user input for this many hours, Alpine will exit if in an idle loop
# waiting for a new command.  If set to zero (the default), then there will
# be no timeout.
user-input-timeout=

# Sets the time in seconds that Alpine will attempt to open a network
# connection.  The default is 30, the minimum is 5, and the maximum is
# system defined (typically 75).
tcp-open-timeout=

# Network read warning timeout. The default is 15, the minimum is 5, and the
# maximum is 1000.
tcp-read-warning-timeout=

# Network write warning timeout. The default is 0 (unset), the minimum
# is 5 (if not 0), and the maximum is 1000.
tcp-write-warning-timeout=

# If this much time has elapsed at the time of a tcp read or write
# timeout, Alpine will ask if you want to break the connection.
# Default is 60 seconds, minimum is 5, maximum is 1000.
tcp-query-timeout=

# If this much time has elapsed at the time of a tcp read or write timeout,
# Alpine will close the connection automatically without user intervention.
# Setting this value to zero (the default) disables this. Setting this variable
# to a smaller value than tcp-query-timeout will close the connection
# automatically, and you will never be asked if you want to wait.
close-connection-timeout=

# Sets the format of the command used to open a UNIX remote
# shell connection.  The default is "%s %s -l %s exec /etc/r%sd"
# NOTE: the 4 (four) "%s" entries MUST exist in the provided command
# where the first is for the command's path, the second is for the
# host to connect to, the third is for the user to connect as, and the
# fourth is for the connection method (typically "imap")
rsh-command=

# Sets the name of the command used to open a UNIX remote shell connection.
# The default is typically /usr/ucb/rsh.
rsh-path=

# Sets the time in seconds that Alpine will attempt to open a UNIX remote
# shell connection.  The default is 15, min is 5, and max is unlimited.
# Zero disables rsh altogether.
rsh-open-timeout=

# Sets the format of the command used to open a UNIX secure
# shell connection.  The default is "%s %s -l %s exec /etc/r%sd"
# NOTE: the 4 (four) "%s" entries MUST exist in the provided command
# where the first is for the command's path, the second is for the
# host to connect to, the third is for the user to connect as, and the
# fourth is for the connection method (typically "imap")
ssh-command=

# Sets the name of the command used to open a UNIX secure shell connection.
# Typically this is /usr/bin/ssh.
ssh-path=

# Sets the time in seconds that Alpine will attempt to open a UNIX secure
# shell connection.  The default is 15, min is 5, and max is unlimited.
# Zero disables ssh altogether.
ssh-open-timeout=

# Sets the version number Alpine will use as a threshold for offering
# its new version message on startup.
new-version-threshold=

# List of mail drivers to disable.
disable-these-drivers=

# List of SASL authenticators to disable.
disable-these-authenticators=

# A range in the form min,max that sets the minimum amd maximum versions of the
# SSL protocol that Alpine will use when connecting to a secure server.
encryption-protocol-range=

# Set by Alpine; contains data for caching remote address books.
remote-abook-metafile=

# How many extra copies of remote address book should be kept. Default: 3
remote-abook-history=

# Minimum number of minutes between checks for remote address book changes.
# 0 means never check except when opening a remote address book.
# -1 means never check. Default: 5
remote-abook-validity=

# Your default printer selection
printer=

# List of special print commands
personal-print-command=

# Which category default print command is in
personal-print-category=

# Your client-id and client-secret information to authenticate using XOAUTH2
xoauth2-info=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-roles=LIT:pattern="/NICK=Wire2waves/FLDTYPE=SPEC/FOLDER={imap.123-reg.co.uk:993\/ssl\/user=john@wire2waves.co.uk}Personal,W2W" action="/ROLE=1/FROM=John Pumford-Green <john@wire2waves.co.uk>/SMTP=smtp.123-reg.co.uk\/ssl\/user=john@wire2waves.co.uk/RTYPE=NC/FTYPE=NC/CTYPE=NC"

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-filters2=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-scores2=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-indexcolors=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-other=

# Patterns and their actions are stored here.
patterns-search=

# Controls display of color
color-style=use-termdef

# Controls display of color for current index line
current-indexline-style=flip-colors

# Controls display of color for the titlebar at top of screen
titlebar-color-style=default

# Choose: black, blue, green, cyan, red, magenta, yellow, or white.
normal-foreground-color=255,255,255
normal-background-color=000,000,000
reverse-foreground-color=
reverse-background-color=
title-foreground-color=000,255,255
title-background-color=000,000,174
title-closed-foreground-color=
title-closed-background-color=
folder-foreground-color=
folder-background-color=
directory-foreground-color=
directory-background-color=
folder-list-text-foreground-color=
folder-list-text-background-color=
status-foreground-color=
status-background-color=
keylabel-foreground-color=000,255,255
keylabel-background-color=000,000,174
keyname-foreground-color=255,255,000
keyname-background-color=000,000,174
selectable-item-foreground-color=
selectable-item-background-color=
meta-message-foreground-color=
meta-message-background-color=
quote1-foreground-color=
quote1-background-color=
quote2-foreground-color=
quote2-background-color=
quote3-foreground-color=
quote3-background-color=
incoming-unseen-foreground-color=
incoming-unseen-background-color=
signature-foreground-color=
signature-background-color=
prompt-foreground-color=
prompt-background-color=
header-general-foreground-color=
header-general-background-color=
index-to-me-foreground-color=
index-to-me-background-color=
index-important-foreground-color=
index-important-background-color=
index-deleted-foreground-color=
index-deleted-background-color=
index-answered-foreground-color=255,255,255
index-answered-background-color=000,000,174
index-new-foreground-color=
index-new-background-color=
index-recent-foreground-color=
index-recent-background-color=
index-forward-foreground-color=
index-forward-background-color=
index-unseen-foreground-color=
index-unseen-background-color=
index-highpriority-foreground-color=
index-highpriority-background-color=
index-lowpriority-foreground-color=
index-lowpriority-background-color=
index-arrow-foreground-color=
index-arrow-background-color=
index-subject-foreground-color=
index-subject-background-color=
index-from-foreground-color=
index-from-background-color=
index-opening-foreground-color=
index-opening-background-color=

# Colors in which tokens will be displayed in the index screen
index-token-colors=

# When viewing messages, these are the header colors
viewer-hdr-colors=

# Colors used to display keywords in the index
keyword-colors=

# Public certificates are kept in files in this directory. The files should
# contain certificates in PEM format. The name of each file should look
# like <emailaddress>.crt. The default directory is .alpine-smime/public.
smime-public-cert-directory=

# If this option is set then public certificates are kept in a single container
# "file" similar to a remote configuration file instead of in the
# smime-publiccert-directory. The value can be a remote or local folder
# specification like for a non-standard pinerc value. The default
# is that it is not set.
smime-public-cert-container=

# Private keys are kept in files in this directory. The files are in PEM format.
# The name of a file should look like <emailaddress>.key.
# The default directory is .alpine-smime/private.
smime-private-key-directory=

# If this option is set then private keys are kept in a single container
# "file" similar to a remote configuration file instead of in the
# private-key-directory. The value can be a remote or local folder
# specification like for a non-standard pinerc value. The default
# is that it is not set.
smime-private-key-container=

# Certificate Authority certificates (in addition to the normal CACerts for the
# system) are kept in files in this directory. The files are in PEM format.
# Filenames should end with .crt. The default directory is .alpine-smime/ca.
smime-cacert-directory=

# If this option is set then CAcerts are kept in a single container
# "file" similar to a remote configuration file instead of in the
# ca-cert-directory. The value can be a remote or local folder
# specification like for a non-standard pinerc value. The default
# is that it is not set.
smime-cacert-container=

# LDAP servers for looking up addresses.
ldap-servers=

# RSS News feed
rss-news=

# RSS Weather feed
rss-weather=

# Web Alpine index table row height
wp-indexheight=

# Web Alpine number of index lines in table
wp-indexlines=

# Web Alpine aggregate operations tab state
wp-aggstate=

# Web Alpine various aspects of cross-session state
wp-state=

# Web Alpine preferred width for message display in characters
wp-columns=

telnet

I've put telnetd on the shack box and telnet clients on anything that didn't already have it.

SSH is great, but sometimes it's nice to go back to simpler times…..

ftp

And the same for ftp….

Section Two

— John Pumford-Green 30/09/22 18:26

Further Information

Sandbox Server

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Sandbox Server

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 04/03/25 08:02 GMT

The hardware running this little machine has recently become unreliable, the SSD is dying, so I've turned it off. I'll leave any old information about this box for future reference

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 27/04/23 06:16

I have removed the self-signed SSL configuration on the shack sandbox server and reverted it to plain HTTP. I may re-instate it at some point in the future, but I decided I didn't want the hassle of persuading Chrome to accept the self-signed unsafe certificate all the time.

The details below show how it was originally set up, and can be used in future should I decide to repeat the process.

Encryption

The shack webserver has a mirror of my real dokuwiki, to use as a test-bed and after setting it up I discovered that the encryption plugin I was using on the real wiki Encrypted Passwords Plugin didn't work.

After some head scratching, and after trying out another plugin (dokucrypt2 plugin), I figured out the difference between the 2 web servers….

The real server is configured to do proper HTTPS, with a real, signed SSL certificate. The shack server only does plain old HTTP, no encryption.

To test out my theory that this is what was breaking Encrypted Password Plugin I setup self-signed SSL on the shack webserver. It's just for local testing so there's no need for traceable certification, just the ability to handle HTTPS traffic.

It turned out to be quite simple….

I found the information here : https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-self-signed-ssl-certificate-for-apache-in-ubuntu-16-04

gm4slv@shack:~/ssl_setup$ sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/apache-selfsigned.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/apache-selfsigned.crt
Generating a RSA private key
.......................+++++
...........+++++
writing new private key to '/etc/ssl/private/apache-selfsigned.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:GB
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Shetland
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Clousta
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:GM4SLV
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:GM4SLV
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:shack
Email Address []:

The certificates are put in the directories already pointed to in the default SSL site config file so all I had to do was tell apache to enable ssl

sudo a2enmod ssl

and enable the default SSL site

gm4slv@shack:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled$ sudo a2ensite default-ssl.conf
Enabling site default-ssl.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  systemctl reload apache2
gm4slv@shack:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled$ sudo service apache2 restart

SSL enabled

Browse to https://shack/dokuwiki and I got the usual dire Chrome warning

…. but chose to continue anyway…

and it works!

Encrypted Password Plugin

Then I tested the Encrypted Passwords Plugin and it also works

UPDATE— John Pumford-Green 31/05/22 21:13

The plugin page does say that HTTPS is needed:

Please note that the modern encryption mechanisms used within this Plugin require a modern Browser, JavaScript enabled and a wiki served via HTTPS!

Result!

I can now use the sandbox wiki to test everything that's running on the real wiki server.

Redirect to https

(UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 31/05/22 10:08)

edit

/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

to add

ServerName gm4slv.plus.com
Redirect permanent / https://gm4slv.plus.com/

Open & forward router's port TCP/443 to the shack webserver

sudo service apache2 restart

Hey presto - external access to HTTPS

Page Info

— John Pumford-Green 30/05/22 19:05

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

ssl, apache, dokuwiki

Icom IC-M710

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Icom IC-M710

Repairs / Mods

2023 : No Transmit Output Power.

Receive functions normally
trace to - pre-drive TX buffer amp transistor - Q1 Main PCB
- No Drive to PA from Main Board
- TX signal present at base of Q1 but no signal at collector
- Q1 2SC4673 sourced from eBay https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/322993473692
- 07/02/23 : Replaced Q1 and full transmit power restored.

Remote Control

Python module for netradio

Some functions aren't needed for receive only, and should be removed (ptt_on ptt_off etc.). This module originally came from another project (not “object oriented”) and I had to add lots of self statements to the needed functions, ignoring the ones not used for “netradio”. I'll trim it, later, if I remember.

m710.py code

m710.py

'''
Python NMEA Radio Functions module for Icom IC-M710 Marine HF SSB Transceiver
 
    Copyright (C) 2015  John Pumford-Green
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
 
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
'''
 
# serial port for Icom IC-M710 Rig Control
 
import serial
import threading
import time
version = "v0.1"
 
sport = '/dev/ttyUSB0'
sbaud = 4800
 
#ser = serial.Serial(sport, 4800, timeout=1)
lock = threading.Lock()
 
# NMEA Codes
preamble = "$PICOA,"
controller = "90"
radio = "01" 
cr = "\x0d"
lf = "\x0a"
 
 
# Commands are sent as NMEA private sentences:
#
# $PICOA,controller_id,radio_id,command,<parameter>,*HH<CR><LF>
#
# where HH is the 2 digit ECC value below:
#
# The protocol document states that for messages FROM the controller TO the radio
# the ECC bytes are optional, and may be omitted. This appears to be false information, and
# the ECC bytes seem to be necessary.
#
# The ECC checksum, is a two-digit hex value found by XORing the hex values of the characters 
# between "$" and "*" (but not including the $ or *)
#
# The first part of the message is always:
# "PICOA,90,01," and this has an XOR value of (decimal) 112
# we then XOR this with each character's decimal ASCII value, in the required command
# and convert the result to a 2-digit hex value
#
 
class m710(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=0.1)
        self.model = model
        print "model", model
 
 
    def get_ecc(self,command):
        ecc = 112
        for c in command:
            ecc = ord(c) ^ ecc
        hecc = '{0:02x}'.format(int(ecc))
 
        return hecc
 
# we must force the radio into "Remote" mode before sending any other commands.    
    def remote_on(self):
        command = "REMOTE,ON"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return self.remote_on()
 
 
 
# we can leave the radio in "Remote" mode for as long as we want to control it remotely
# but we must close the "Remote" mode when finished. The previous radio settings (channel/power etc) are
# restored after Remote mode is closed.
    def remote_off(self):
        command = "REMOTE,OFF"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr) 
        if result:
            #ser.close()
            return
        else:
            return self.remote_off()
 
 
    def ptt_on():
        command = "TRX,TX"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return ptt_on()
 
    def ptt_off():
        command = "TRX,RX"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return
        else:
            return ptt_off()
 
 
 
    def get_freq(self):
        fkhz = self.get_rxfreq()
        #fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
        return fkhz
 
    def set_freq(self,freq):
 
        self.set_rxfreq(freq)
        self.set_txfreq(freq)
        return "Set freq success"
 
    def get_rxfreq(self):
        command = "RXF"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            f = list[4].split("*")[0]
            fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
            return fkhz
        else:
            return self.get_rxfreq()
 
 
    def get_txfreq(self):
        command = "TXF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            f = list[4].split("*")[0]
            fkhz = "%.3f" % (float(f) * 1000)
            return fkhz
        else:
            return self.get_txfreq()
 
 
    def get_mode(self):
        command = "MODE"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            mode = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return mode
        else:
            return self.get_mode()
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self,mode):
        mode = mode.upper()
        command = "MODE,"+mode
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
 
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        print "in set_mode with ", sendStr
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_mode(mode)
 
 
    def set_rxfreq(self,freq):
 
        fmhz = float(freq) / 1000
        f = str(fmhz)
 
        command = "RXF,"+f
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_rxfreq(freq)
 
 
    def set_txfreq(self,freq):
 
        fmhz = float(freq) / 1000
        f = str(fmhz)
 
        command = "TXF,"+f
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return self.set_txfreq(freq)
 
    def get_txpower():
        command = "TXP"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            power = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return power
        else:
            return get_txpower()
 
    def set_txpower(p):
        command = "TXP,"+p
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_txpower(p)
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        command = "SIGM"
        ecc = self.get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = self.tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            smeter = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return smeter
        else:
            return self.get_smeter()
 
    def speaker_on():
        command = "SP,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return speaker_on()
 
 
    def speaker_off():
        command = "SP,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return speaker_off()
 
    def sql_on():
        command = "SQLC,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return sql_on()
 
    def sql_off():
        command = "SQLC,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return sql_off()
 
    def nb_on():
        command = "NB,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return nb_on()
 
    def nb_off():
        command = "NB,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return nb_off()
 
    def dim_on():
        command = "DIM,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return dim_on()
 
    def dim_off():
        command = "DIM,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return dim_off()
 
    def agc_on():
        command = "AGC,ON"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return agc_on()
 
    def agc_off():
        command = "AGC,OFF"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return agc_off()
 
    def get_vol():
        command = "AFG"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            vol = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return vol
        else:
            return get_vol()
 
 
 
    def set_vol(v):
        command = "AFG,"+v
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_vol(v)
 
    def get_rfg():
        command = "RFG"
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble+controller+","+radio+","+command+"*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            list = result.split(",")
            rf = list[4].split("*")[0]
            return rf
        else:
            return get_rfg()
 
    def get_att(self):
        return
 
    def get_pre(self):
        return
 
    def set_rfg(v):
        command = "RFG,"+v
        ecc = get_ecc(command)
        sendStr = preamble +controller+","+radio+"," + command + "*"+ecc+cr+lf
        result = tx_rx(sendStr)
        if result:
            return result
        else:
            return set_rfg(v)
 
    # The message FROM the radio may be corrupted so we do a check on the received ECC versus our calculated cECC
    # from the received characters - which are everything AFTER the "$" and BEFORE the "*"
    #
    # starting the ECC calculation at message[1] ignores the "$" and we iterate through the message XORing each 
    # character's ASCII (decimal) value until we have the final cECC which is converted by formatting it
    # into a two-digit hex value. This is then compared to the received (rECC) value from the radio's message. 
    # If they match the message is acceptable and check_ecc() returns True to tx_rx(), 
    # otherwise check_ecc() function returns "False" to tx_rx()
    # the True/False value is tested in tx_rx(). 
    # If True then tx_rx() returns the incoming string to the calling function
    # otherwise it returns "False". 
    # The calling function then checkS the boolean state of the returned value. 
    # If True (ie it has the radio's message and the ECC was good) the message 
    # is sent back to the client. 
    # If False the function calls itself again, and attempts to get an error-free reply from the radio, via tx_rx()
 
    def check_ecc(self,message, recc):
        i = 1
        cecc = 0
 
        while i < len(message):
            cecc = ord(message[i]) ^ cecc
            i += 1  
 
        cecc = '{0:02x}'.format(int(cecc))  
 
        if cecc == recc:   
            return True
        else: 
            return False
 
    def tx_rx(self,sendStr):
        print "in tx_rx, sendStr =  " , sendStr
        lock.acquire()
 
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
        time.sleep(0.1)
        result = self.ser.readline()
 
        print result
        reply = result.split("*")
        ecc = reply[1][0:2].lower()
        message = reply[0]
        lock.release()
 
        if self.check_ecc(message, ecc):
            return result
        else:
            return False
 
 
 
 
 
#

Documentation

Page Info

Page created Tue May 24 23:59:35 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

radio, icm710

Vibroplex Presentation Bug

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 20:49:09 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Vibroplex Presentation Bug

1957 Presentation Model

Bought : ? , eBay
Cost : ?
Serial Number : 198474
Date : 1957
Plate : D6

Features the “La Hiff” adjustable mainspring, which was only used on the original “genuine” Presentation models.

Photos

Details

This was my first bug key and has had to have some work to repair damage to the frame. The tapped holes for the screws that hold the frame to the base were stripped, and the frame couldn't be tightened sufficiently to the base. I found the easiest (although not invisible) way to fix it was to drill through the original holes, all the way, and then tap a new thread (M6) and use longer screws to secure the frame to the base. This has spoiled the key's “original” appearance, but made it actually useable as a bug key, which to my mind is much more important. I'm sure old-time professional bug users would make whatever repairs were necessary to keep their favourite keys in operation, caring little of maintaining “originality”. You can see one of the protruding bolts here:

— John Pumford-Green 20/06/23 05:43

Further Information

radio, bug, cw

OFCOM

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 17:16:25 +0000

←Radio Topics

OFCOM

Login to OFCOM online

https://ofcom.force.com/licensingcomlogin

Licence Details

GM4SLV Amateur Radio

Issued as G4SLV : March 1983

OFCOM Validation Details

Date	Licence Number	Validation Document	Next Due
01/07/2023	1-8513-93392/3	GM4SLV	July 2028

Business Radio Simple

OFCOM Licence Details

Surrendered 1 July 2023. Renewal was due and I couldn't justify the cost as the licence has not been used often enough in the 5 years since issue.

Frequencies

Low Band	Mid Band	High Band	UHF 1
77.6875 MHz	164.0500 MHz	169.0875 MHz	449.3125 MHz
86.3375 MHz	164.0625 MHz	169.3125 MHz	449.4000 MHz
86.3500 MHz		173.0500 MHz	449.4750 MHz
86.3625 MHz		173.0625 MHz	458.7875 MHz
86.3750 MHz		173.0875 MHz	458.8000 MHz
			458.8125 MHz
			458.8250 MHz

— John Pumford-Green 01/06/22 13:13

Page last updated: 01/01/70 01:00 BST

radio

Tutorial Progress

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←6502 Project

Tutorial Progress

A record of my progress through the Ben Eater You Tube tutorial

Day One : Tuesday 16/8/22

Kit arrived
Installed:
- CPU
- EEPROM
- NAND Gate
- Address & Data lines between CPU and EEPROM and address decoder for EEPROM
Used python “makerom.py” script to burn eprom:

rom = bytearray([0xea] * 32768 )
 
rom[0] = 0xa9
rom[1] = 0x42
 
rom[2] = 0x8d
rom[3] = 0x00
rom[4] = 0x60
 
rom[0x7ffc] = 0x00
rom[0x7ffd] = 0x80
 
with open("rom.bin", "wb") as out_file:
     out_file.write(rom)

ROM file hexdump:

00000000  a9 42 8d 00 60 ea ea ea  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  |.B..`...........|
00000010  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  |................|
*
00007ff

Unable to confirm correct running - still waiting for Arduino Mega to act as a logic analyzer. LEDs on data or Address lines show activity….

Next stage

add the 65C22 VIA and use LEDs on output to show correct running

make an 8-bit binary counter with LEDs as an exercise

Day Two : Wednesday 17/8/22

Using Siglent Function Generator as the CPU PHI2 clock

added 65C22 VIA and 8 leds
much debugging of hardware/wiring - breadboard is a NASTY way of doing this…..!
- ordered some IC sockets & other hardware to allow me to build a version on Vero/perf board and move away from breadboard once I've got the the point in the tutorials where all the hardware is stable.
used python script to get the “01010101 → 10101010” LED sequence running.

Self-study

modified assembly code to make the LEDs flash in a binary count

8 bit counter

### 8-bit Counter
 
code = bytearray([
    0xa9, 0xff,         # lda #$FF
    0x8d, 0x02, 0x60,   # sta $6002 : put 11111111 into VIA's Port B control register - all port pins are OUTPUT
 
    0xa9, 0xff,         # lda #$ff (start with all LEDs lit)
    0x8d, 0x00, 0x60,   # sta $6000
 
    0x1a,                # inc A
 
    0x4c, 0x07, 0x80,   # jmp $8007
    ])
 
 
rom = code + bytearray([0xea] * (32768 - len(code)))
 
rom[0x7ffc] = 0x00
rom[0x7ffd] = 0x80
 
with open("rom.bin", "wb") as out_file:
     out_file.write(rom);

This assembles as :

00000000  a9 ff 8d 02 60 a9 ff 8d  00 60 1a 4c 07 80 ea ea  |....`....`.L....|
00000010  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  |................|
*
00007ff0  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  ea ea ea ea 00 80 ea ea  |................|
00008000

LEDs flash in binary count to 255 and cycle round… endlessly.

16 bit counter

I wanted to see if I could extend the counter to 16-bits, using 2 VIA ports to drive the LEDs

To make life easier I moved to assembly language and the VASM assembler as recommended in the tutorial.

To count beyond a single 8-bit byte needs a way of holding 2 separate bytes of the count, the low byte and high byte, and only increment the high byte when the low byte rolls past 11111111. Tricky with no RAM installed yet.

I used the 2 index registers X and Y. The carry bit is set as a result of arithmetic on the Accumulator register, so X (low byte) has to be copied to the Accumulator for the addition of 1 each time round the loop.

        .org $8000
 
reset:
        lda #$ff
        sta $6002    ; set port B pins to all output
        sta $6003    ; set port A pins to all output
        lda #$00
        tax          ; X holds the low byte. initialize to zero
        tay          ; Y holds the high byte. initialize to zero
 
 
loop:
        txa          ; copy low byte to A
        adc #$01     ; add 1
        tax          ; copy new value to X
        bcs high_b   ; if carry flag set, branch to increment the high byte
 
 
print:
        txa          ; bring the low byte to A
        sta $6000    ; send low byte to Port B LEDs
        tya          ; bring the high byte to A
        sta $6001    ; send high byte to Port A LEDs
        jmp loop
 
high_b:
 
        iny          ; increment high byte in Y
        jmp print
 
        .org $fffc
        .word reset
        .word $0000

Assembled code

00000000  a9 ff 8d 02 60 8d 03 60  a9 00 aa a8 8a 69 01 aa  |....`..`.....i..|
00000010  b0 0b 8a 8d 00 60 98 8d  01 60 4c 0c 80 c8 4c 12  |.....`...`L...L.|
00000020  80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000030  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00007ff0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00  |................|
00008000

Add another 8 LEDs, to Port A, to show the High Byte….

It now counts to 1111111111111111 or $FFFF or 65535 as displayed by the LEDs attached to both VIA ports.

Next stage

is to add the LCD module in place of the flashing LEDs

Day Three : Friday 19/8/22

LCD

added the LCD module to the VIA output port(s)
put the “hello.s” assembled code into ROM
LCD printed Hello, w and no more….

8 Characters… what, why?

Lots of messing about with the assembler code to see if I could get all the Hello, world! message to print to the LCD.

By adding the necessary instruction to change the display position I could use all 16 characters of the display, but I couldn't get it to print all the message in one go…. The same happened with a different LCD module.

Eventually I checked, and re-checked, the address and data lines between CPU, ROM and VIA and must have re-inserted one that was loose. Afterwards the display showed Hello, world! correctly.

I assume the error was that an address line between CPU and ROM wasn't connected, so at one step of the program the ROM went to the wrong address and returned garbage data, and the program stopped, or just randomly stepped through the otherwise empty ROM?

Anyway, whatever the mechanism, ensuring all address & data lines were seated correctly cured the bug.

Next Stage

adding RAM
rebuilding on “properly wired” stripboard to remove the annoyance of breadboard wires coming adrift.

Day 4 : Saturday 21/8/22

added RAM
re-wrote “hello_world” to use 4-bit LCD addressing and moved LCD to PORTB of VIA, freeing up all of PORTA for other uses
began building veroboard version to

Day 5 : Sunday 22/8/22

completed veroboard build and tested with 4-bit/2-line LCD “Hello world”

 
PORTB = $6000
PORTA = $6001
DDRB = $6002
DDRA = $6003
 
 
E  = %01000000
RW = %00100000
RS = %00010000
LED = %10000000
 
  .org $8000
 
reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs
 
  lda #%11111111 ; Set all pins on port B to output
  sta DDRB
  lda #%00000000 ; Set all pins on port A to input
  sta DDRA
 
  jsr lcd_init
  lda #%00101000 ; Set 4-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00001110 ; Display on; cursor on; blink off
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00000110 ; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00000001 ; Clear display
  jsr lcd_instruction
 
  ldx #0
 
print1:
  lda message1,x
  beq print2
  jsr print_char
  inx
  jmp print1
 
message1: .asciiz "Shed-o-tron II "
 
message2: .asciiz "* * 22/8/22 * * "
 
 
loop:
  lda #LED
  sta PORTB
  jmp loop
 
print2:
  lda #%10101001
  jsr lcd_instruction
 
  ldx #0
line2:
  lda message2,x
  beq loop
  jsr print_char
  inx
  jmp line2
 
 
 
lcd_wait:
  pha
  lda #%11110000  ; LCD data is input
  sta DDRB
lcdbusy:
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTB
  lda PORTB       ; Read high nibble
  pha             ; and put on stack since it has the busy flag
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTB
  lda PORTB       ; Read low nibble
  pla             ; Get high nibble off stack
  and #%00001000
  bne lcdbusy
 
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB
  lda #%11111111  ; LCD data is output
  sta DDRB
  pla
  rts
 
lcd_init:
  lda #%00000010 ; Set 4-bit mode
  sta PORTB
  ora #E
  sta PORTB
  and #%00001111
  sta PORTB
  rts
 
lcd_instruction:
  jsr lcd_wait
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr            ; Send high 4 bits
  sta PORTB
  ora #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB
  eor #E         ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB
  pla
  and #%00001111 ; Send low 4 bits
  sta PORTB
  ora #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB
  eor #E         ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB
  rts
 
print_char:
  jsr lcd_wait
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr             ; Send high 4 bits
  ora #RS         ; Set RS
  sta PORTB
  ora #E          ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB
  eor #E          ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB
  pla
  and #%00001111  ; Send low 4 bits
  ora #RS         ; Set RS
  sta PORTB
  ora #E          ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB
  eor #E          ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB
  rts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
; Reset/IRQ vectors
  .org $fffc
  .word reset
  .word $0000

Next Stage

begin expanding software
- routines to examine memory contents and display (in HEX) the contents of selected memory location(s)
- add switches to VIA PORTA and begin reading state of switches and update LCD with information
- a power-on memory test and toggle LED/LCD?

Further Information

Github : https://github.com/gm4slv/6502

6502

DMR Bridging

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

DMR Bridging

First try at DVSwitch Bridging

Overview of IP UDP ports

    Asterisk              Analog_Bridge         DVSwitch
    ========              =============         MMDVM_Bridge
                                                ============
    [node]                [USPR]
    rxPort 31001 <------- txPort 31001
    txPort 34001 -------> rxPort 34001
                             ↓ ↑
                          [md380-emu]:2470
                             ↓ ↑
                          [AMBE]                [DMR]                  
                          txPort 31103 ------>  rxPort 31103  
                          rxPort 31100 <------  txPort 31100 
                                                   ↓  ↑
                                                [DMR Network]
                                                Host : xx.xx.xx.xx
                                                Port : xxxxxx

The main Things

Make sure Analog_Bridge.ini has the correct txPort and rxPort in its [USRP] section

[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1           ; IP address of USRP partner (Analog_Reflector, Allstar/Asterisk or another Analog_Bridge)
txPort = 31001                ; Transmit USRP frames on this port
rxPort = 34001                ; Listen for USRP frames on this port

It should match Asterisk's private node as defined in /etc/asterisk/rpt.conf - in this case it's [1398]

[1398]
rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:31001 ; Use the USRP channel driver. Must be enabled in modules.conf
 ; 127.0.0.1 = IP of the target application
 ; 34001 = UDP port the target application is listening on
 ; 32001 = UDP port ASL is listening on

Make Sure Analog_Bridge.ini has the correct txPort and rxPort in its [AMBE_AUDIO] section

[AMBE_AUDIO]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of xx_Bridge
; For DMR  - match the ports set in DVSwitch.ini
txPort = 31103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
rxPort = 31100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port

; FOr NXDN - match the ports set in DVSwitch.ini
;txPort = 33103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
;rxPort = 33100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port
ambeMode = DMR                          ; DMR, DMR_IPSC, DSTAR, NXDN, P25, YSFN, YSFW (encode PCM to this format)

should match the ports in DVSwitch.ini [DMR] section

; Configure the DMR Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[DMR]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 31100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 31103                  ; Port to listen on (import)

Enable [DMR] in MMDVM_Bridge.ini

[DMR]
Enable=1
ColorCode=1
EmbeddedLCOnly=1
DumpTAData=0

Enable [DMR Network] in MMDVM_Bridge.ini and choose the DMR Network, password, port

[DMR Network]
Enable=1

; TGIF
Address=tgif.network
Port=62031
;TGIF Password for 2354435
;Password=XXXXXXXXXXX
; TGIF Password for 2354429
Password=XXXXXXXXXX

; Brandmeister
;Address=2341.master.brandmeister.network
;Password=XXXXXXXXXX
;Port=62031
 
Jitter=750
Local=62032

; FOR DVS_Ph F
;Address=78.129.135.43
;Port=55555
;Password=PASSWORD
;Options=StartRef=4000;RelinkTime=0;UserLink=0;TS1_1=733;
 
Slot1=0
Slot2=1
Debug=0

Select hotspot/repeater source ID&SSID (repeaterID=235442998) and your DMR ID (gatewayDmrId = 2354429), plus choice of Talkgroup in Analog_Bridge.ini

; The metadata below is used when ASL is the source since it does not have any concept of digital modes
gatewayDmrId = 2354429                  ; ID to use when transmitting from Analog_Bridge 7 digit ID
repeaterID = 235442998                  ; ID of source repeater 7 digit ID plus 2 digit SSID 
; Talkgroup needed for DMR and NXDN.
; NXDNGateway uses Talkgroup to choose the reflector IP/Port from its Host Files
txTg = 2354429                        ; TG to use for all frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
txTs = 2                                ; Slot to use for frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
colorCode = 1                           ; Color Code to assign DMR frames

Updating DVSwitch Hostfiles

DVSwtich keep its hostfiles in /var/lib/mmdvm and updates via cron.daily/DVSM_Update which calls /opt/MMDVM_Bridge/dvswitch.sh update
This tries to download hostfiles from various places using curl
It seems to fail most of the time due to a SSL problem
A workaround is to put “insecure” in root's ~/.curlrc

sudo su -

echo insecure >> ~/.curlrc

/opt/MMDVM_Bridge/dvswitch.sh update

Section Two

— John Pumford-Green 10/06/25 08:55 BST

Further Information

radio, AllStar, dvswitch, dmr

NXDN Bridging

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

NXDN Bridging

A change from DMR!

Overview of IP UDP ports

    Asterisk              Analog_Bridge           DVSwitch                  NXDNGateway
    ========              =============           MMDVM_Bridge              ===========
                                                  ============
                                                  
    [node]                [USPR]
    rxPort 31001 <------- txPort 31001
    txPort 34001 -------> rxPort 34001
                             ↓ ↑
                          [md380-emu]:2470
                             ↓ ↑
                          [AMBE]                [NXDN]
                          txPort 33103 ------>  rxPort 33103
                          rxPort 33100 <------  txPort 33100
                                                  ↓ ↑
                                                [NXDN Network]              [General]
                                                LocalPort   14021   <-----  RptPort   14021
                                                GatewayPort 14020   ----->  LocalPort 14020
                                                                                ↓ ↑
                                                                            [Network]
                                                                            Host IP/Port obtained from hostfiles
                                                                            by reference to Analog_Bridge txTG=xxxx

The main Things

Make sure Analog_Bridge.ini has the correct txPort and rxPort in its [USRP] section

[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1           ; IP address of USRP partner (Analog_Reflector, Allstar/Asterisk or another Analog_Bridge)
txPort = 31001                ; Transmit USRP frames on this port
rxPort = 34001                ; Listen for USRP frames on this port

It should match Asterisk's private node as defined in /etc/asterisk/rpt.conf - in this case it's [1398]

[1398]
rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:31001 ; Use the USRP channel driver. Must be enabled in modules.conf
 ; 127.0.0.1 = IP of the target application
 ; 34001 = UDP port the target application is listening on
 ; 32001 = UDP port ASL is listening on

Make Sure Analog_Bridge.ini has the correct txPort and rxPort in its [AMBE] section

[AMBE_AUDIO]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of xx_Bridge
; For DMR  - match the ports set in DVSwitch.ini
;txPort = 31103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
;rxPort = 31100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port

; FOr NXDN - match the ports set in DVSwitch.ini
txPort = 33103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
rxPort = 33100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port
ambeMode = NXDN                          ; DMR, DMR_IPSC, DSTAR, NXDN, P25, YSFN, YSFW (encode PCM to this format)

should match the ports in DVSwitch.ini [NXDN] section

; Configure the NXDN Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[NXDN]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 33100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 33103                  ; Port to listen on (import)

Disable [DMR] in MMDVM_Bridge.ini

[DMR]
Enable=0
ColorCode=1
EmbeddedLCOnly=1
DumpTAData=0

Enable [NXDN] in MMDVM_Bridge.ini and set your own NXDN ID number

[NXDN]
Enable=1
RAN=1
Id=7485

Set Fallback IDs in DVSwitch.ini

fallbackID = 2354429            ; In case we can not find a valid DMR id in the database, export this one
nxdnFallbackID  = 7485         ; Use this ID when the input DMR ID is not found in the database

Set Callsign in NXDNGateway.ini

[General]
Callsign=GM4SLV
Suffix=NXDN

I don't know what Suffix means, I left it as found
Set the NXDN talkgroup in Analog_Bridge.ini
NXDN Talkgroups are listed here : https://www.pistar.uk/nxdn_reflectors.php
- A Talkgroup actually seems to specify a particular reflector IP address/Hostname & UDP port
- These are retrieved by NXDNGateway from the hostfile : /var/lib/mmdvm/NXDNHosts.txt
- Setting the txTG=23551 in Analog_Bridge.ini causes NXDNGateway to make a connection to the relevant reflector when you send traffic by keying up.
- For example TG23551 (Scot-Multi) appears in NXDNHosts.txt as:

23551   nxdnscotland.ddns.net   41400

Having txTG=23551 in Analog_Bridge.ini causes DVSwitch to connect, and start to flow packets, with nxdnscotland.ddns.net:41400
Another source of info https://dvref.com/nxdn/
- TG23551 : https://dvref.com/nxdn/nxdn-23551

Updating DVSwitch Hostfiles

DVSwtich keep its hostfiles in /var/lib/mmdvm and updates via cron.daily/DVSM_Update which calls /opt/MMDVM_Bridge/dvswitch.sh update
This tries to download hostfiles from various places using curl
It seems to fail most of the time due to a SSL problem
A workaround is to put “insecure” in root's ~/.curlrc

 
gm4slv@node481482:~$ sudo su -
 
root@node481482:~# echo insecure >> ~/.curlrc
 
root@node481482:~# /opt/MMDVM_Bridge/dvswitch.sh update

DVSwitch.ini

; MMDVM_Bridge export / import configuration file.
;   This file should be placed along side of MMDVM_Bridge or you can supply
;   an absolute path in the DVSWITCH environment variable, e.g:
;   DVSWITCH=/etc/MMDVM_Bridge/DVSwitch.ini
;   before executing MMDVM_Bridge
;
; Another method to set the enviorment variable is to use the systemd unit file
; by adding:
; Environment=DVSWITCH=/etc/MMDVM_Bridge/DVSwitch.ini
; to /lib/systemd/system/mmdvm_bridge.service

; Configure the Quantar Repeater Partner
; Note that the TX and RX ports are already reversed for MMDVM_Bridge <--> Quantar_Bridge
[QUANTAR]
address = 0.0.0.0               ; Address to send IMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 34103                  ; Port to send IMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 34100                  ; Port to listen for IMBE TLV frames on (import)
quantarPort = 1994              ; HDLC frames To/From the Quantar repeater
debug = 0                       ; Debug 0 = off, 1 = on (adds lots of additional messages)
logLevel = 2                    ; Logging levels, 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal
logFilePath = /var/log/dvswitch/Quantar_Bridge.log

; Configure the DMR Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[DMR]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 31100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 31103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
exportTG = 0                    ; Which TG to export 
hangTimerInFrames = 0		; Use 50 for 3 seconds of hang time (3000 / 60) 
talkerAlias = %callsign %location %description ; Get callsign location and description from MMDVM_Bridge.ini

; Configure the D-Star Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 48 bit (DSAMBE)
[DSTAR]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 32100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 32103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
fallbackID = 1234567            ; In case we can not find a valid DMR id in the database, export this one
exportTG = 9                    ; Which TG to export
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
RemotePort = 54321		; Port to send Gateway commands to
message = %location %description ; Get location and description from MMDVM_Bridge.ini

; Configure the NXDN Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[NXDN]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 33100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 33103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
fallbackID = 2354429            ; In case we can not find a valid DMR id in the database, export this one
nxdnFallbackID  = 7485         ; Use this ID when the input DMR ID is not found in the database
translate = 1234=4321           ; Translate NXDN TG < -- > DMR TG (bidirectional)
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
RemotePort = 6075		; Port to send Gateway commands to

; Configure the P25 Partner
; Audio format is IMBE 88 bit
[P25]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 34100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 34103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
RemotePort = 6074		; Port to send Gateway commands to

; Configure the Yaesu Fusion Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
; Audio format is IMBE 88 bit
[YSF]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 35100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 35103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
txWidePort = 35105		; Port to send IMBE TLV frames to for YSFw (export)
fallbackID = 1234567            ; In case we can not find a valid DMR id in the database, export this one
exportTG = 9                    ; Which TG to export
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
RemotePort = 6073		; Port to send Gateway commands to

; Configure the BrandMeister connection
; Simple Terminal Feature Update
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[STFU]                          ; Brandmeister Open DMR Terminal (ODMRT) Protocol
BMAddress = 3102.repeater.net   ; Brandmeister ODMRT server address
BMPort = 54006                  ; Brandmeister ODMRT port
BMPassword = passw0rd           ; Your Brandmeister password
Address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort  = 36100                 ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort  = 36103                 ; Port to listen on (import)
UserID  = 1234567               ; Your DMR ID
TalkerAlias = N0CALL Name City  ; Max 27 characters
StartTG = 3166                  ; Startup talk group
LogLevel = 3                    ; STFU log level (0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error)
 
[ASL]
address = 127.0.0.1
txPort = 30100
rxPort = 30103

MMDVM_Bridge.ini

[General]
Callsign=GM4SLV
Id=235442998
Timeout=180
Duplex=0
 
[Info]
RXFrequency=144900000
TXFrequency=144900000
Power=1
Latitude=60.2885
Longitude=-1.425
Height=0
Location="GM4SLV Bridge2"
Description=MMDVM_Bridge
URL=https://gm4slv.org.uk
 
[Log]
# Logging levels, 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal
DisplayLevel=1
FileLevel=2
FilePath=/var/log/mmdvm
FileRoot=MMDVM_Bridge
 
[DMR Id Lookup]
File=/var/lib/mmdvm/DMRIds.dat
Time=24
 
[NXDN Id Lookup]
File=/var/lib/mmdvm/NXDN.csv
Time=24
 
[Modem]
Port=/dev/null
RSSIMappingFile=/dev/null
Trace=0
Debug=0
 
[D-Star]
Enable=0
Module=B
 
[DMR]
Enable=0
ColorCode=1
EmbeddedLCOnly=1
DumpTAData=0
 
[System Fusion]
Enable=0
 
[P25]
Enable=0
NAC=293
 
[NXDN]
Enable=1
RAN=1
Id=7485
 
[D-Star Network]
Enable=0
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=20010
LocalPort=20011
Debug=0
 
[DMR Network]
Enable=0

; TGIF
;Address=tgif.network
;Port=62031
;TGIF Password for 2354435
;Password=XXXXXXXXX
; TGIF Password for 2354429
;Password=XXXXXXXXX

; Brandmeister
Address=2341.master.brandmeister.network
Password=XXXXXXX
Port=62031
 
Jitter=750
Local=62032

; FOR DVS_Ph F
;Address=78.129.135.43
;Port=55555
;Password=PASSWORD
;Options=StartRef=4000;RelinkTime=0;UserLink=0;TS1_1=733;
 
Slot1=0
Slot2=1
Debug=0
 
[System Fusion Network]
Enable=0
LocalAddress=0
LocalPort=3200
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=4200
Debug=0
 
[P25 Network]
Enable=0
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=42020
LocalPort=32010
Debug=0
 
[NXDN Network]
Enable=1
#LocalAddress=127.0.0.1
Debug=1
LocalPort=14021
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=14020

NXDNGateway.ini

[General]
Callsign=GM4SLV
Suffix=NXDN
# The next four lines are for a Kenwood repeater
# RptProtocol=Kenwood
# RptAddress=1.2.3.4
# RptPort=64000
# LocalPort=64000
# The next four lines are for an Icom repeater
# RptProtocol=Icom
# RptAddress=1.2.3.4
# RptPort=41300
# LocalPort=41300
# The next four lines are for an MMDVM
RptProtocol=Icom
RptAddress=127.0.0.1
RptPort=14021
LocalPort=14020
Debug=0
Daemon=0
 
[Info]
RXFrequency=223500000
TXFrequency=223500000
Power=1
Latitude=41.7333
Longitude=-50.3999
Height=0
Location=Iceberg
Description=DVSwitch
URL=https://groups.io/g/DVSwitch
 
[Voice]
Enabled=1
Language=en_GB
Directory=./Audio
 
[aprs.fi]
Enable=0
# Server=noam.aprs2.net
Server=euro.aprs2.net
Port=14580
Password=9999
Description=APRS Description
Suffix=N
 
[Id Lookup]
Name=/var/lib/mmdvm/NXDN.csv
Time=24
 
[Log]
# Logging levels, 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal
DisplayLevel=1
FileLevel=2
FilePath=/var/log/mmdvm
FileRoot=NXDNGateway
 
[Network]
Port=14050
HostsFile1=/var/lib/mmdvm/NXDNHosts.txt
HostsFile2=/var/lib/mmdvm/private_NXDNHosts.txt
ReloadTime=60
ParrotAddress=127.0.0.1
ParrotPort=42021
NXDN2DMRAddress=127.0.0.1
NXDN2DMRPort=42022
# Startup=10200
InactivityTimeout=0
Debug=0
 
[Mobile GPS]
Enable=0
Address=127.0.0.1
Port=7834
 
[Remote Commands]
Enable=1
Port=6075

Analog_Bridge.ini

; Analog_Bridge configuration file.
;   This file should be placed in either /etc or it can be
;   supplied as a path on the Analog_Bridge command line.

; The best way to think of this file is that there are two main sections, the USRP (analog audio) and
; AMBE_AUDIO (compressed audio).  Analog_Bridge will take everything sent to the USRP port and
; encode it for transmission on the AMBE_AUDIO port.  The encoder will use the format defined in ambeMode.
; As you might expect, the reverse direction is defined too.

; Analog_Bridge supports include files. More on this later...
include = dvsm.macro
; include = asl.macro

; General Section describes settings for Analog_Bridge itself.
[GENERAL]
logLevel = 2                            ; Show messages and above 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal

; Metadata management
exportMetadata = true                   ; Export metadata to USRP partner (transcode setups require this)
transferRootDir = /tmp			; Export database files to USRP partner
subscriberFile = /var/lib/dvswitch/subscriber_ids.csv   ; DMR ID to callsign lookup data

; General vocoder setup information
decoderFallBack = true                  ; Allow software AMBE decoding if a hardware decoder is not found
useEmulator = true                     ; Use the MD380 AMBE emulator for AMBE72 (DMR/YSFN/NXDN)
emulatorAddress = 127.0.0.1:2470        ; IP address and port of the md380 server
 
pcmPort = 2222				; UDP port to send to the WebProxy

; Information for xx_Bridge (Where xx is MMDVM, Quantar, HB, IPSC)
[AMBE_AUDIO]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of xx_Bridge
; For DMR - set in DVSwitch.ini
;txPort = 31103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
;rxPort = 31100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port

; FOr NXDN - set in DVSwitch.ini
txPort = 33103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
rxPort = 33100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port
ambeMode = NXDN                          ; DMR, DMR_IPSC, DSTAR, NXDN, P25, YSFN, YSFW (encode PCM to this format)
minTxTimeMS = 2500                      ; Analog -> Digital Minimum time in MS for hang delay (0-10000)

; The metadata below is used when ASL is the source since it does not have any concept of digital modes
gatewayDmrId = 2354429                  ; ID to use when transmitting from Analog_Bridge 7 digit ID
repeaterID = 235442998                  ; ID of source repeater 7 digit ID plus 2 digit SSID 
; Talkgroup needed for DMR and NXDN.
; NXDNGateway uses Talkgroup to choose the reflector IP/Port from its Host Files
txTg = 23551                        ; TG to use for all frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
txTs = 2                                ; Slot to use for frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
colorCode = 1                           ; Color Code to assign DMR frames

; Information for USRP channel driver.  This interface uses PCM to transfer audio information
; There are two typical configurations, ASL and Transcode.  ASL (AllstarLink) is for analog clients connected
; to a digital network.  Transcode is when Analog_Bridge actually points its PCM interfaces back at itself, 
; causing a TLV <-- (pcm <--> pcm) --> TLV type of architecture.
;   When using ASL, this matches the rpt.conf ASL file with a setting like:
;   rxchannel = usrp/127.0.0.1:34001:32001
;   When Transcoding, make two ini files and set txPort equal to the other instance rxPort (crossover).  Launch
;   each instance with its own ini file.
[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of USRP partner (Analog_Reflector, Allstar/Asterisk or another Analog_Bridge)
txPort = 31001                          ; Transmit USRP frames on this port
rxPort = 34001                          ; Listen for USRP frames on this port
usrpAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN                 ; Digital -> Analog (AUDIO_UNITY, AUDIO_USE_GAIN, AUDIO_USE_AGC)
usrpGain = 5.0                         ; Gain factor when usrpAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN (0.0 to 5.0) (1.0 = AUDIO_UNITY)
usrpAGC = -20,10,100                    ; Set the agc threshold (db), slope (db) and decay (ms)
tlvAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN                  ; Analog -> Digital (AUDIO_UNITY, AUDIO_USE_GAIN, AUDIO_BPF)
tlvGain = 1.0                          ; Gain factor when tlvAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN (0.0 to 5.0) (1.0 = AUDIO_UNITY)
 
[MACROS]

; Where the macros are
; xxxx=yyyy
; xxxx is the dial string to match
; yyyy is the command line to execute

; xxxx must be preceded by a *
; xxxx can be any string (alphanumeric)
; yyyy is the command to execute
; yyyy will replace xxxx in the dial string
; arguments follow the macro name with a # delimiter

; For example using macro "5678" above would look like:
; *5678#9876

; Which would invoke:
; echo 9876

; Information for DV3000 hardware decoder
;   There are two configuration modes: IP (AMBEServer) and serial (direct connect hardware)
;   Use top server and port if using AMBEServer
;   Use bottom server/port and serial = true if using the DV3000u (thumbdv)
;   Did you run AMBETest4.py before using this?
[DV3000]
address = 127.0.0.1                   ; IP address of AMBEServer
rxPort = 2460                         ; Port of AMBEServer
; address = /dev/ttyUSB0              ; Device of DV3000U on this machine
; baud = 460800                       ; Baud rate of the dongle (230400 or 460800)
; serial = true                       ; Use serial=true for direct connect or serial=false for AMBEServer

— John Pumford-Green 10/06/25 08:51 BST

Further Information

radio, AllStar, dvswitch, nxdn

GM4SLV Allstar 2025

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:47:10 +0000

←AllStar Linking

GM4SLV Allstar 2025

New explorations into Allstar and Bridging

This was an initial experiment, I've used what I learned to set up a bigger system (still under development) and described here : Explorations

Hardware

Platform	Rapsberry Pi
Interface	CM108 Soundcard - modified
Radio	FT-1500M
Frequency	144.9125MHz
Allstar Node	48148
Dashboards	http://gm4slv.plus.com:42110/

DVSwitch Bridging

To investigate the bridging of Allstar analogue nodes and DMR I installed DVSwitch on the Allstar node.

Instructions here: ASL to DMR Bridge

The first part is easy, modifying a working Allstar node to add the private node and the USRP channel driver that will be used for the connection to the bridging.

My configs

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf before bridging added

; Radio Repeater configuration file (for use with app_rpt)
; Your Repeater
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;
; This is where you define your nodes which can be connected to.
;
 
[nodes]
; Note, if you are using automatic update for allstar link nodes,
; no allstar link nodes should be defined here. Only place a definition
; for your local nodes, and private (off of allstar link) nodes here.
 
;481480 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/481480,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
48148 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/48148,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
                                        ; and iax port number if not the default
 
;[481480]					; Change this to your assigned node number
[48148]					; Change this to your assigned node number
 
                                        ; Must also be enabled in modules.conf
					; Rx audio/signalling channel. Choose ONLY 1 per node stanza
 
					; Enable the selected channel driver in modules.conf !!!
;rxchannel = dahdi/pseudo	        ; No radio (hub)
rxchannel = SimpleUSB/usb_48148	; SimpleUSB
; rxchannel = Pi/1                      ; Raspberry Pi PiTA
; rxchannel = Radio/usb_48148		; USBRadio (DSP)
; rxchannel = Dahdi/1			; PCI Quad card
; rxchannel = Beagle/1			; BeagleBoard
; rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:32001; GNU Radio interface USRP
; rxchannel = Voter/48148                ; RTCM device
 
 
duplex = 1                              ; 0 = Half duplex with no telemetry tones or hang time.
                                        ;     Special Case: Full duplex if linktolink is set to yes.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing with an external multiport repeater controller.
					;     Comment out idrecording and idtalkover to suppress IDs also
                                        ; 1 = Half duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Does not repeat audio.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a simplex node.
                                        ; 2 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a repeater.
                                        ; 3 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time, but no repeated audio.
                                        ; 4 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Repeated audio only when the autopatch is down.
 
linktolink = no				; disables forcing physical half-duplex operation of main repeater while
					; still keeping half-duplex semantics (optional)
 
linkmongain = 0				; Link Monitor Gain adjusts the audio level of monitored nodes when a signal from another node or the local receiver is received.
					; If linkmongain is set to a negative number the monitored audio will decrease by the set amount in db.
					; If linkmongain set to a positive number monitored audio will increase by the set amount in db.
					; The value of linkmongain is in db. The default value is 0 db.
 
erxgain = -3				; Echolink receive gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
etxgain = 3				; Echolink transmit gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
eannmode = 2                           ; 1 = Say only node number on echolink connects (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = say phonetic call sign only on echolink connects
                                        ; 3 = say phonetic call sign and node number on echolink connects
 
;controlstates = controlstates		; system control state stanza
 
scheduler = schedule			; scheduler stanza
functions = functions			; Repeater Function stanza
phone_functions = functions		; Phone Function stanza
link_functions = functions		; Link Function stanza
 
telemetry = telemetry			; Telemetry stanza
morse = morse				; Morse stanza
wait_times = wait-times			; Wait times stanza
 
context = radio				; dialing context for phone
callerid = "Repeater" <0000000000>	; callerid for phone calls
accountcode = RADIO                     ; account code (optional)
 
hangtime = 200				; squelch tail hang time (in ms) (optional, default 5 seconds, 5000 ms)
althangtime = 300			; longer squelch tail
totime = 300000				; 5 mins (12/4/22) transmit time-out time (in ms) (optional, default 3 minutes 180000 ms)
 
telemnomdb = -3				;
telemduckdb = -10			;
 
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/gm4slv_id
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/mb7aze_id
idrecording = |iGM4SLV				; Main ID message
 
;idtalkover = |iGM4SLV				; Talkover ID message
idtalkover = |iGM4SLV				; Talkover ID message
					; See Telemetry section Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
idtime = 900000				; 15 mins (12/4/22) id interval time (in ms) (optional) Default 5 minutes (300000 ms)
politeid = 30000			; time in milliseconds before ID timer expires to try and ID in the tail. (optional, default 30000)
 
unlinkedct = ct12			; Send a this courtesy tone when the user unkeys if the node is not connected to any other nodes. (optional, default is none)
remotect = ct3				; remote linked courtesy tone (indicates a remote is in the list of links)
linkunkeyct = ct4			; sent when a transmission received over the link unkeys
;nolocallinkct = 0			; Send unlinkedct instead if another local node is connected to this node (hosted on the same PC).
 
; Supermon smlogger
connpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 1
discpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 0
 
;connpgm = yourconnectprogram		; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on connect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being connected to us (them)
;discpgm = yourdisconnectprogram	; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on disconnect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being disconnected from us (them)
 
lnkactenable = 0			; Set to 1 to enable the link activity timer. Applicable to standard nodes only.
 
lnkacttime = 3600			; Link activity timer time in seconds.
lnkactmacro = *73			; Function to execute when link activity timer expires.
lnkacttimerwarn = custom/timeout		; Message to play when the link activity timer has 30 seconds left.
 
;remote_inact_timeout =	60		; Specifies the amount of time without keying from the link. Set to 0 to disable timeout. (15 * 60)
;remote_timeout =			; Session time out for remote base. Set to 0 to disable. (60 * 60)
;remote_timeout_warning_freq =		; 30
;remote_timeout_warning =		; (3 * 60)
 
;nounkeyct = 0				; Set to a 1 to eliminate courtesy tones and associated delays.
 
holdofftelem = 0			; Hold off all telemetry when signal is present on receiver or from connected nodes
					; except when an ID needs to be done and there is a signal coming from a connected node.
 
telemdefault = 1                        ; 0 = telemetry output off
                                        ; 1 = telemetry output on (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = timed telemetry output on command execution and for a short time thereafter.
 
telemdynamic = 1                        ; 0 = disallow users to change the local telemetry setting with a COP command,
                                        ; 1 = Allow users to change the setting with a COP command. (default = 1)
 
beaconing = 0				; Send ID regardless of repeater activity (Required in the UK, but probably illegal in the US)
 
parrotmode = 1				; 0 = Parrot Off (default = 0)
					; 1 = Parrot On Command
					; 2 = Parrot Always
					; 3 = Parrot Once by Command
 
parrottime = 1000			; Set the amount of time in milliseconds
					; to wait before parroting what was received
 
;rxnotch=1065,40                        ; (Optional) Notch a particular frequency for a specified
                                        ; b/w. app_rpt must have been compiled with
                                        ; the notch option
 
startup_macro = *80*81*70
 
; nodenames = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames.callsign	; Point to alternate nodename sound directory
 
; Stream your node audio to Broadcastify or similar. See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Stream_Node_Audio_to_Broadcastify
; outstreamcmd = /bin/sh,-c,/usr/bin/lame --preset cbr 16 -r -m m -s 8 --bitwidth 16 - - | /usr/bin/ezstream -qvc /etc/ezstream.xml
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Need more information on these
 
;extnodes = extnodes-different	; section in extnodefile containing dynamic node information (optional)
;extnodefile = /home/gm4slv/rpt_extnodes	; Points to nodelist file containing dynamic node info default = /var/lib/asterisk/rpt_extnodes (optional)
;extnodefile2 =			; Is this a list of node files? Possible a list of private nodes or a list of static IPs for known nodes????
;nodenames = /foo/names         ; locaton of node sound files default = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
;archivedir = /tmp              ; defines and enables activity recording into specified directory (optional)
;monminblocks = 2048            ; Min 1K blocks to be left on partition (will not save monitor output if disk too full)
 
;                               ; The tailmessagetime,tailsquashedtime, and tailmessagelist need to be set
;                               ; to support tail messages. They can be omitted otherwise.
;tailmessagetime = 300000       ; Play a tail message every 5 mins
;tailsquashedtime = 30000       ; If squashed by another user,
;                               ; try again after 30 seconds
;tailmessagelist = msg1,msg2    ; list of messages to be played for tail message
 
; alt_functions
; ctgroup
; dphone_functions
; idtime
; iobase
; iospeed
; locallist
; mars		Remote Base
; memory
; nobusyout
; nodes
; nolocallinkct
; notelemtx
; outxlat
; parrot
; propagate_phonedtmf
; rptnode
; rptinactmacro  Macro to execute when inactivity timer expires
; rptinacttime   Inactivity timer time in seconds  (0 seconds disables feature)
; rxnotch	Optional Audio notch
; simplexphonedelay
; tonemacro
; tonezone
; txlimits
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 
; *** Status Reporting ***
 
; Comment the following statpost line stop to reporting of the status of your node to stats.allstarlink.org
statpost_url = http://stats.allstarlink.org/uhandler ; Status updates
 
[functions]
 
; Prefix	Functions
; *1		Disconnect Link
; *2		Monitor Link
; *3		Connect Link
; *4		Command Mode
; *5		Macros
; *6		User Functions
; *7		Connection Status/Functions
; *8		User Functions
; *9		User Functions
; *0		User Functions
 
; *A		User Functions
; *B		User Functions
; *C		User Functions
; *D		User Functions
 
 
; Mandatory Command Codes
1 = ilink,1		; Disconnect specified link
2 = ilink,2		; Connect specified link -- monitor only
3 = ilink,3		; Connect specified link -- tranceive
4 = ilink,4		; Enter command mode on specified link
 
70 = ilink,5		; System status
 
;99 = cop,6              ; PTT (phone mode only)
 
; End Mandatory Command Codes
 
73 = ilink,6		; Disconnect All Links
74 = ilink,16		; Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
 
80 = status,11         ; Force ID (local only)
81 = status,12         ; Give Time of Day (local only)
 
91 = cop,21		; Enable Parrot Mode
92 = cop,22		; Disable Parrot Mode
93 = cop,55		; Parrot Once if parrot mode is disabled
 
98 = cop,2		; System enable
99 = cop,3		; System disable
 
901 = cop,1				; System warm boot
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Macro Commands
5 = macro
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Autopatch Commands
; Note, This may be a good place for other 2 digit frequently used commands
 
;61 = autopatchup,noct = 1,farenddisconnect = 1,dialtime = 20000  ; Autopatch up
;62 = autopatchdn                                                 ; Autopatch down
 
; autopatchup can optionally take comma delimited setting=value pairs:
 
; context = string		; Override default context with "string"
; dialtime = ms			; Specify the max number of milliseconds between phone number digits (1000 milliseconds = 1 second)
; farenddisconnect = 1		; Automatically disconnect when called party hangs up
; noct = 1			; Don't send repeater courtesy tone during autopatch calls
; quiet = 1			; Don't send dial tone, or connect messages. Do not send patch down message when called party hangs up
				; Example: 123=autopatchup,dialtime=20000,noct=1,farenddisconnect=1
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Status Commands
 
; 1 - Force ID (global)
; 2 - Give Time of Day (global)
; 3 - Give software Version (global)
; 4 - Give GPS location info
; 5 - Last (dtmf) user
; 11 - Force ID (local only)
; 12 - Give Time of Day (local only)
 
;721 = status,1          ; Force ID (global)
;722 = status,2          ; Give Time of Day (global)
;723 = status,3          ; Give software Version (global)
;724 = status,4          ; Give GPS location info
;725 = status,5          ; Last (dtmf) user
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Link Commands
 
; 1 - Disconnect specified link
; 2 - Connect specified link -- monitor only
; 3 - Connect specified link -- tranceive
; 4 - Enter command mode on specified link
; 5 - System status
; 6 - Disconnect all links
; 7 - Last Node to Key Up
; 8 - Connect specified link -- local monitor only
; 9 - Send Text Message (9,<destnodeno or 0 (for all)>,Message Text, etc.
; 10 - Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
; 11 - Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
; 12 - Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
; 13 - Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
; 15 - Full system status (all nodes)
; 16 - Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
; 17 - MDC test (for diag purposes)
; 18 - Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only
 
; ilink commands 1 through 5 are defined in the Mandatory Command section
 
;806 = ilink,6			; Disconnect all links
;827 = ilink,7			; Last Node to Key Up
;808 = ilink,8			; Connect specified link -- local monitor only
;809 = ilink,9,48148,"Testing"	; would send a text message to node 48148 replace 48148 with 0 for all connected nodes
;810 = ilink,10			; Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
;811 = ilink,11			; Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
;812 = ilink,12			; Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
;823 = ilink,13			; Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
;815 = ilink,15			; Full system status (all nodes)
;817 = ilink,17			; MDC test (for diag purposes)
;818 = ilink,18			; Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Control operator (cop) functions.
; Change these to something other than these codes listed below!
; Uncomment as needed.
 
;901 = cop,1				; System warm boot
 
; 904 = cop,4				; Test tone on/off (toggle)
; 905 = cop,5				; Dump system variables on console (debug use only)
 
; 907 = cop,7				; Time out timer enable
; 908 = cop,8				; Time out timer disable
 
; 909 = cop,9				; Autopatch enable
; 910 = cop,10				; Autopatch disable
 
; 911 = cop,11				; User linking functions enable
; 912 = cop,12				; User linking functions disable
 
; 913 = cop,13				; Query system control state
; 914 = cop,14				; Set system control state
 
; 915 = cop,15				; Scheduler enable
; 916 = cop,16				; Scheduler disable
 
; 917 = cop,17				; User functions enable (time, id, etc)
; 918 = cop,18				; User functions disable
 
; 919 = cop,19				; Select alternate hang time (althangtime)
; 920 = cop,20				; Select standard hangtime (hangtime)
 
 
; 924 = cop,24				; Flush all telemetry
; 925 = cop,25				; Query last node un-keyed
; 926 = cop,26				; Query all nodes keyed/unkeyed
; 927 = cop,27				; Reset DAQ minimum on a pin
; 928 = cop,28				; Reset DAQ maximum on a pin
 
; 930 = cop,30				; Recall Memory Setting in Attached Xcvr
 
; 931 = cop,31				; Channel Selector for Parallel Programmed Xcvr
 
; 932 = cop,32				; Touchtone pad test: command + Digit string + # to playback all digits pressed
 
; 933 = cop,33				; Local Telemetry Output Enable
; 934 = cop,34				; Local Telemetry Output Disable
; 935 = cop,35				; Local Telemetry Output on Demand
 
; 936 = cop,36				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Enable
; 937 = cop,37				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Disable
; 938 = cop,38				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Follows Local Telemetry
; 939 = cop,39				; Foreign Link Local Output Path on Demand
 
; 942 = cop,42				; Echolink announce node # only
; 943 = cop,43				; Echolink announce node Callsign only
; 944 = cop,44				; Echolink announce node # & Callsign
 
; 945 = cop,45				; Link Activity timer enable
; 945 = cop,46				; Link Activity timer disable
; 947 = cop,47				; Reset "Link Config Changed" Flag
 
; 948 = cop,48				; Send Page Tone (Tone specs separated by parenthesis)
 
; 949 = cop,49				; Disable incoming connections (control state noice)
; 950 = cop,50				; Enable incoming connections (control state noicd)
 
; 951 = cop,51				; Enable sleep mode
; 952 = cop,52				; Disable sleep mode
; 953 = cop,53				; Wake up from sleep
; 954 = cop,54				; Go to sleep
 
; 956 = cop,56                            ; Rx CTCSS Enable
; 957 = cop,57                            ; Rx CTCSS Disable
 
; 958 = cop.58                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Enable
; 959 = cop,59                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Disable
 
; 960 = cop,60                            ; Send MDC-1200 Burst (cop,60,type,UnitID[,DestID,SubCode])
;                                         ; Type is 'I' for PttID, 'E' for Emergency, and 'C' for Call
;                                         ; (SelCall or Alert), or 'SX' for STS (ststus), where X is 0-F.
;                                         ; DestID and subcode are only specified for  the 'C' type message.
;                                         ; UnitID is the local systems UnitID. DestID is the MDC1200 ID of
;                                         ; the radio being called, and the subcodes are as follows:
;                                         ; Subcode '8205' is Voice Selective Call for Spectra ('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '8015' is Voice Selective Call for Maxtrac ('SC') or
;                                         ; Astro-Saber('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '810D' is Call Alert (like Maxtrac 'CA')
 
; 961 = cop,61                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins (cop,61,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
; 962 = cop,62                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins, quietly (cop,62,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
 
; 963 = cop,63                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification (cop,63,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 964 = cop,64                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification, quietly (cop,64,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 965 = cop,65                            ; Send POCSAG page (equipped channel types only)
 
[functions-remote]
 
0 = remote,1                            ; Retrieve Memory
1 = remote,2                            ; Set freq.
2 = remote,3                            ; Set tx PL tone
3 = remote,4                            ; Set rx PL tone
40 = remote,100                         ; Rx PL off
41 = remote,101                         ; Rx PL on
42 = remote,102                         ; Tx PL off
43 = remote,103                         ; Tx PL on
44 = remote,104                         ; Low Power
45 = remote,105                         ; Medium Power
46 = remote,106                         ; High Power
711 = remote,107                        ; Bump -20
714 = remote,108                        ; Bump -100
717 = remote,109                        ; Bump -500
713 = remote,110                        ; Bump +20
716 = remote,111                        ; Bump +100
719 = remote,112                        ; Bump +500
721 = remote,113                        ; Scan - slow
724 = remote,114                        ; Scan - quick
727 = remote,115                        ; Scan - fast
723 = remote,116                        ; Scan + slow
726 = remote,117                        ; Scan + quick
729 = remote,118                        ; Scan + fast
79 = remote,119                         ; Tune
51 = remote,5                           ; Long status query
52 = remote,140				; Short status query
67 = remote,210				; Send a *
69 = remote,211				; Send a #
;91 = remote,99,CALLSIGN,LICENSETAG     ; Remote base login.
                                        ; Define a different dtmf sequence for each user which is
                                        ; authorized to use the remote base to control access to it.
                                        ; For examble 9139583=remote,99,WB6NIL,G would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WB6NIL as being logged in.
                                        ; Another entry, 9148351=remote,99,WA6ZFT,E would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WA6ZFT as being logged in.
                                        ; When the remote base is disconnected from the originating node, the
                                        ; user will be logged out. The LICENSETAG argument is used to enforce
					; tx frequency limits. See [txlimits] below.
85 = cop,6                              ; Remote base telephone key
 
 
[telemetry]
 
; Telemetry entries can be shared across all repeaters, or defined for each repeater.
; Can be a tone sequence, morse string, or a file
;
; |t - Tone escape sequence
;
; Tone sequences consist of 1 or more 4-tuple entries (freq1, freq2, duration, amplitude)
; Single frequencies are created by setting freq1 or freq2 to zero.
;
; |m - Morse escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the telemetry amplitude and telemetry frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; Follow with an alphanumeric string
;
; |i - Morse ID escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the ID amplitude and ID frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; path/to/sound/file/without/extension
;
; Send the sound if in place of a constructed tone. Do not include the file extension
; Example: ct8 = rpt/bloop
; Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
 
ct1 = |t(350,0,100,2048)(500,0,100,2048)(660,0,100,2048)
ct2 = |t(660,880,150,2048)
ct3 = |t(440,0,150,4096)
ct4 = |t(550,0,150,2048)
ct5 = |t(660,0,150,2048)
ct6 = |t(880,0,150,2048)
ct7 = |t(660,440,150,2048)
ct8 = |t(700,1100,150,2048)
ranger = |t(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,150,0)
remotemon = |mR
;remotemon = |t(1209,0,50,2048)                                  ; local courtesy tone when receive only
remotetx = |mK
;remotetx = |t(1633,0,50,3000)(0,0,80,0)(1209,0,50,3000)		; local courtesy tone when linked Trancieve mode
cmdmode = |t(900,903,200,2048)
;functcomplete = |mW
functcomplete = |t(1000,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(1000,0,100,2048)
remcomplete = |t(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)
pfxtone = |t(350,440,30000,3072)
patchup = rpt/callproceeding
patchdown = rpt/callterminated
 
ct12 = |me
ct13 = |mR
 
; As far as what the numbers mean,
; (000,000,010,000)
;   |   |   |   |-------amplitude
;   |   |   |-------------duration
;   |   |-------------------Tone 2
;   |-------------------------Tone 1
 
; So, with 0,0,10,0 That says No Tone1, No Tone2, 10ms duration, 0 Amplitude.
; Use it for a delay.  Fine tuning for how long before telemetry is sent, in conjunction with the telemdelay parameter)
; The numbers, like 350,440,10,2048 are 350Hz, 440Hz, 10ms delay, amplitude of 2048.
 
; Morse code parameters, these are common to all repeaters.
 
[morse]
speed = 20				; Approximate speed in WPM
frequency = 600				; Morse Telemetry Frequency
amplitude = 2048			; Morse Telemetry Amplitude
idfrequency = 1065			; Morse ID Frequency
idamplitude = 1024			; Morse ID Amplitude
 
;
; This section allows wait times for telemetry events to be adjusted
; A section for wait times can be defined for every repeater
;
 
[wait-times]
telemwait = 400                        ; Time to wait before sending most telemetry
idwait = 500                            ; Time to wait before starting ID
unkeywait = 200                        ; Time to wait after unkey before sending CT's and link telemetry
calltermwait = 2000                     ; Time to wait before announcing "call terminated"
 
; Memories for remote bases
 
[memory]
;00 = 146.580,100.0,m
;01 = 147.030,103.5,m+t
;02 = 147.240,103.5,m+t
;03 = 147.765,79.7,m-t
;04 = 146.460,100.0,m
;05 = 146.550,100.0,m
 
; Place command macros here
 
[macro]
 
 
11 = *141223# ; disc. hubnet
21 = *241223# ; monitor hubnet
31 = *341223# ; transceive hubnet
 
 
12 = *1424611# ; disc MilNet
22 = *2424611# ; monitor MilNet
32 = *3424611# ; transceive MilNet
 
;13 = *129332# ; disc Alaska
;23 = *229332# ; monitor Alaska
;33 = *329332# ; transceive Alaska
 
;14 = *154383# ; disc CQ North
;24 = *254383# ; monitor CQ North
;34 = *354383# ; transceive CQ North
 
;191 = *140894# ; disconnect hubnet Echo
;391 = *340894# ; connect hubnet echo
 
19 = *13009999#	; dis echolink echotest
39 = *33009999#	; con echolink echotest
 
 
 
; Data Acquisition configuration
 
;[daq-list]
;device = device_name1
;device = device_name2
 
;Where: device_name1 and device_name2 are stanzas you define in this file
 
;device = daq-cham-1
 
; Device name
 
;[daq-cham-1]				; Defined in [daq-list]
;hwtype = uchameleon			; DAQ hardware type
;devnode = /dev/ttyUSB0			; DAQ device node (if required)
;1 = inadc				; Pin definition for an ADC channel
;2 = inadc
;3 = inadc
;4 = inadc
;5 = inadc
;6 = inadc
;7 = inadc
;8 = inadc
;9 = inp				; Pin definition for an input with a weak pullup resistor
;10 = inp
;11 = inp
;12 = inp
;13 = in				; Pin definition for an input without a weak pullup resistor
;14 = out				; Pin definition for an output
;15 = out
;16 = out
;17 = out
;18 = out
 
;[meter-faces]
 
;face = scale(scalepre,scalediv,scalepost),word/?,...
;
; scalepre = offset to add before dividing with scalediv
; scalediv = full scale/number of whole units (e.g. 256/20 or 12.8 for 20 volts).
; scalepost = offset to add after dividing with scalediv
;
;face = range(X-Y:word,X2-Y2:word,...),word/?,...
;face = bit(low-word,high-word),word/?,...
;
; word/? is either a word in /var/lib/asterisk/sounds or one of its subdirectories,
; or a question mark which is  a placeholder for the measured value.
;
;
; Battery voltage 0-20 volts
;batvolts = scale(0,12.8,0),rpt/thevoltageis,?,ha/volts
; 4 quadrant wind direction
;winddir = range(0-33:north,34-96:west,97-160:south,161-224:east,225-255:north),rpt/thewindis,?
; LM34 temperature sensor with 130 deg. F full scale
;lm34f = scale(0,1.969,0),rpt/thetemperatureis,?,degrees,fahrenheit
; Status poll (non alarmed)
;light = bit(ha/off,ha/on),ha/light,?
 
;[alarms]
;
;tag = device,pin,node,ignorefirst,func-low,func-hi
;
;tag = a unique name for the alarm
;device = daq device to poll
;pin = the device pin to be monitored
;ignorefirstalarm = set to 1 to throwaway first alarm event, or 0 to report it
;node = the node number to execute the function on
;func-low = the DTMF function to execute on a high to low transition
;func-high = the DTMF function to execute on a low to high transition
;
; a  '-' as a function name is shorthand for no-operation
;
;door = daq-cham-1,9,1,2017,*7,-
;pwrfail = daq-cham-1,10,0,2017,*911111,-
;
; Control states
; Allow several control operator functions to be changed at once using one command (good for scheduling)
;
;[controlstates]
;statenum = copcmd,[copcmd]...
;0 = rptena,lnkena,apena,totena,ufena,noicd  ; Normal operation
;1 = rptena,lnkena,apdis,totdis,ufena,noice  ; Net and news operation
;2 = rptena,lnkdis,apdis,totena,ufdis,noice  ; Repeater only operation
 
; Scheduler - execute a macro at a given time
 
[schedule]
;dtmf_function =  m h dom mon dow  ; ala cron, star is implied
;8 = 55 12 * * *   ; at midnight, execute macro 2.
 
; See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Event_Management
[events]
 
#includeifexists custom/rpt.conf

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf after bridging added

; Radio Repeater configuration file (for use with app_rpt)
; Your Repeater
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;
; This is where you define your nodes which can be connected to.
;
 
[nodes]
; Note, if you are using automatic update for allstar link nodes,
; no allstar link nodes should be defined here. Only place a definition
; for your local nodes, and private (off of allstar link) nodes here.
 
;481480 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/481480,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
 
 
1999 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/1999,NONE
 
48148 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/48148,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
                                        ; and iax port number if not the default
 
 
 
[1999]
rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:31001 ; Use the USRP channel driver. Must be enabled in modules.conf
 ; 127.0.0.1 = IP of the target application
 ; 34001 = UDP port the target application is listening on
 ; 32001 = UDP port ASL is listening on
duplex = 0 ; 0 = Half duplex with no telemetry tones or hang time. Ah, but Allison STILL talks!
hangtime = 0 ; squelch tail hang time 0
althangtime = 0 ; longer squelch tail hang time 0
holdofftelem = 1 ; Hold off all telemetry when signal is present on receiver or from connected nodes
 ; except when an ID needs to be done and there is a signal coming from a connected node.
telemdefault = 0 ; 0 = telemetry output off. Don't send Allison to DMR !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Trust me.
telemdynamic = 0 ; 0 = disallow users to change the local telemetry setting with a COP command,
linktolink = no ; disables forcing physical half-duplex operation of main repeater while
 ; still keeping half-duplex semantics (optional)
nounkeyct = 1 ; Set to a 1 to eliminate courtesy tones and associated delays.
totime = 180000 ; transmit time-out time (in ms) (optional, default 3 minutes 180000 ms)
idrecording = |ie ; id recording or morse string see http://ohnosec.org/drupal/node/87
idtalkover = |ie ; Talkover ID (optional) default is none see http://ohnosec.org/drupal/node/129
 
 
 
;[481480]					; Change this to your assigned node number
[48148]					; Change this to your assigned node number
 
                                        ; Must also be enabled in modules.conf
					; Rx audio/signalling channel. Choose ONLY 1 per node stanza
 
					; Enable the selected channel driver in modules.conf !!!
;rxchannel = dahdi/pseudo	        ; No radio (hub)
rxchannel = SimpleUSB/usb_48148	; SimpleUSB
; rxchannel = Pi/1                      ; Raspberry Pi PiTA
; rxchannel = Radio/usb_48148		; USBRadio (DSP)
; rxchannel = Dahdi/1			; PCI Quad card
; rxchannel = Beagle/1			; BeagleBoard
; rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:32001; GNU Radio interface USRP
; rxchannel = Voter/48148                ; RTCM device
 
 
duplex = 1                              ; 0 = Half duplex with no telemetry tones or hang time.
                                        ;     Special Case: Full duplex if linktolink is set to yes.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing with an external multiport repeater controller.
					;     Comment out idrecording and idtalkover to suppress IDs also
                                        ; 1 = Half duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Does not repeat audio.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a simplex node.
                                        ; 2 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a repeater.
                                        ; 3 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time, but no repeated audio.
                                        ; 4 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Repeated audio only when the autopatch is down.
 
linktolink = no				; disables forcing physical half-duplex operation of main repeater while
					; still keeping half-duplex semantics (optional)
 
linkmongain = 0				; Link Monitor Gain adjusts the audio level of monitored nodes when a signal from another node or the local receiver is received.
					; If linkmongain is set to a negative number the monitored audio will decrease by the set amount in db.
					; If linkmongain set to a positive number monitored audio will increase by the set amount in db.
					; The value of linkmongain is in db. The default value is 0 db.
 
erxgain = -3				; Echolink receive gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
etxgain = 3				; Echolink transmit gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
eannmode = 2                           ; 1 = Say only node number on echolink connects (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = say phonetic call sign only on echolink connects
                                        ; 3 = say phonetic call sign and node number on echolink connects
 
;controlstates = controlstates		; system control state stanza
 
scheduler = schedule			; scheduler stanza
functions = functions			; Repeater Function stanza
phone_functions = functions		; Phone Function stanza
link_functions = functions		; Link Function stanza
 
telemetry = telemetry			; Telemetry stanza
morse = morse				; Morse stanza
wait_times = wait-times			; Wait times stanza
 
context = radio				; dialing context for phone
callerid = "Repeater" <0000000000>	; callerid for phone calls
accountcode = RADIO                     ; account code (optional)
 
hangtime = 200				; squelch tail hang time (in ms) (optional, default 5 seconds, 5000 ms)
althangtime = 300			; longer squelch tail
totime = 300000				; 5 mins (12/4/22) transmit time-out time (in ms) (optional, default 3 minutes 180000 ms)
 
telemnomdb = -3				;
telemduckdb = -10			;
 
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/gm4slv_id
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/mb7aze_id
idrecording = |iGM4SLV				; Main ID message
 
;idtalkover = |iGM4SLV				; Talkover ID message
idtalkover = |iGM4SLV				; Talkover ID message
					; See Telemetry section Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
idtime = 900000				; 15 mins (12/4/22) id interval time (in ms) (optional) Default 5 minutes (300000 ms)
politeid = 30000			; time in milliseconds before ID timer expires to try and ID in the tail. (optional, default 30000)
 
unlinkedct = ct12			; Send a this courtesy tone when the user unkeys if the node is not connected to any other nodes. (optional, default is none)
remotect = ct3				; remote linked courtesy tone (indicates a remote is in the list of links)
linkunkeyct = ct4			; sent when a transmission received over the link unkeys
;nolocallinkct = 0			; Send unlinkedct instead if another local node is connected to this node (hosted on the same PC).
 
; Supermon smlogger
connpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 1
discpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 0
 
;connpgm = yourconnectprogram		; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on connect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being connected to us (them)
;discpgm = yourdisconnectprogram	; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on disconnect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being disconnected from us (them)
 
lnkactenable = 0			; Set to 1 to enable the link activity timer. Applicable to standard nodes only.
 
lnkacttime = 3600			; Link activity timer time in seconds.
lnkactmacro = *73			; Function to execute when link activity timer expires.
lnkacttimerwarn = custom/timeout		; Message to play when the link activity timer has 30 seconds left.
 
;remote_inact_timeout =	60		; Specifies the amount of time without keying from the link. Set to 0 to disable timeout. (15 * 60)
;remote_timeout =			; Session time out for remote base. Set to 0 to disable. (60 * 60)
;remote_timeout_warning_freq =		; 30
;remote_timeout_warning =		; (3 * 60)
 
;nounkeyct = 0				; Set to a 1 to eliminate courtesy tones and associated delays.
 
holdofftelem = 0			; Hold off all telemetry when signal is present on receiver or from connected nodes
					; except when an ID needs to be done and there is a signal coming from a connected node.
 
telemdefault = 1                        ; 0 = telemetry output off
                                        ; 1 = telemetry output on (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = timed telemetry output on command execution and for a short time thereafter.
 
telemdynamic = 1                        ; 0 = disallow users to change the local telemetry setting with a COP command,
                                        ; 1 = Allow users to change the setting with a COP command. (default = 1)
 
beaconing = 0				; Send ID regardless of repeater activity (Required in the UK, but probably illegal in the US)
 
parrotmode = 1				; 0 = Parrot Off (default = 0)
					; 1 = Parrot On Command
					; 2 = Parrot Always
					; 3 = Parrot Once by Command
 
parrottime = 1000			; Set the amount of time in milliseconds
					; to wait before parroting what was received
 
;rxnotch=1065,40                        ; (Optional) Notch a particular frequency for a specified
                                        ; b/w. app_rpt must have been compiled with
                                        ; the notch option
 
startup_macro = *80*81*70
 
; nodenames = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames.callsign	; Point to alternate nodename sound directory
 
; Stream your node audio to Broadcastify or similar. See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Stream_Node_Audio_to_Broadcastify
; outstreamcmd = /bin/sh,-c,/usr/bin/lame --preset cbr 16 -r -m m -s 8 --bitwidth 16 - - | /usr/bin/ezstream -qvc /etc/ezstream.xml
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Need more information on these
 
;extnodes = extnodes-different	; section in extnodefile containing dynamic node information (optional)
;extnodefile = /home/gm4slv/rpt_extnodes	; Points to nodelist file containing dynamic node info default = /var/lib/asterisk/rpt_extnodes (optional)
;extnodefile2 =			; Is this a list of node files? Possible a list of private nodes or a list of static IPs for known nodes????
;nodenames = /foo/names         ; locaton of node sound files default = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
;archivedir = /tmp              ; defines and enables activity recording into specified directory (optional)
;monminblocks = 2048            ; Min 1K blocks to be left on partition (will not save monitor output if disk too full)
 
;                               ; The tailmessagetime,tailsquashedtime, and tailmessagelist need to be set
;                               ; to support tail messages. They can be omitted otherwise.
;tailmessagetime = 300000       ; Play a tail message every 5 mins
;tailsquashedtime = 30000       ; If squashed by another user,
;                               ; try again after 30 seconds
;tailmessagelist = msg1,msg2    ; list of messages to be played for tail message
 
; alt_functions
; ctgroup
; dphone_functions
; idtime
; iobase
; iospeed
; locallist
; mars		Remote Base
; memory
; nobusyout
; nodes
; nolocallinkct
; notelemtx
; outxlat
; parrot
; propagate_phonedtmf
; rptnode
; rptinactmacro  Macro to execute when inactivity timer expires
; rptinacttime   Inactivity timer time in seconds  (0 seconds disables feature)
; rxnotch	Optional Audio notch
; simplexphonedelay
; tonemacro
; tonezone
; txlimits
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 
; *** Status Reporting ***
 
; Comment the following statpost line stop to reporting of the status of your node to stats.allstarlink.org
statpost_url = http://stats.allstarlink.org/uhandler ; Status updates
 
[functions]
 
; Prefix	Functions
; *1		Disconnect Link
; *2		Monitor Link
; *3		Connect Link
; *4		Command Mode
; *5		Macros
; *6		User Functions
; *7		Connection Status/Functions
; *8		User Functions
; *9		User Functions
; *0		User Functions
 
; *A		User Functions
; *B		User Functions
; *C		User Functions
; *D		User Functions
 
 
; Mandatory Command Codes
1 = ilink,1		; Disconnect specified link
2 = ilink,2		; Connect specified link -- monitor only
3 = ilink,3		; Connect specified link -- tranceive
4 = ilink,4		; Enter command mode on specified link
 
70 = ilink,5		; System status
 
;99 = cop,6              ; PTT (phone mode only)
 
; End Mandatory Command Codes
 
73 = ilink,6		; Disconnect All Links
74 = ilink,16		; Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
 
80 = status,11         ; Force ID (local only)
81 = status,12         ; Give Time of Day (local only)
 
91 = cop,21		; Enable Parrot Mode
92 = cop,22		; Disable Parrot Mode
93 = cop,55		; Parrot Once if parrot mode is disabled
 
98 = cop,2		; System enable
99 = cop,3		; System disable
 
901 = cop,1				; System warm boot
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Macro Commands
5 = macro
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Autopatch Commands
; Note, This may be a good place for other 2 digit frequently used commands
 
;61 = autopatchup,noct = 1,farenddisconnect = 1,dialtime = 20000  ; Autopatch up
;62 = autopatchdn                                                 ; Autopatch down
 
; autopatchup can optionally take comma delimited setting=value pairs:
 
; context = string		; Override default context with "string"
; dialtime = ms			; Specify the max number of milliseconds between phone number digits (1000 milliseconds = 1 second)
; farenddisconnect = 1		; Automatically disconnect when called party hangs up
; noct = 1			; Don't send repeater courtesy tone during autopatch calls
; quiet = 1			; Don't send dial tone, or connect messages. Do not send patch down message when called party hangs up
				; Example: 123=autopatchup,dialtime=20000,noct=1,farenddisconnect=1
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Status Commands
 
; 1 - Force ID (global)
; 2 - Give Time of Day (global)
; 3 - Give software Version (global)
; 4 - Give GPS location info
; 5 - Last (dtmf) user
; 11 - Force ID (local only)
; 12 - Give Time of Day (local only)
 
;721 = status,1          ; Force ID (global)
;722 = status,2          ; Give Time of Day (global)
;723 = status,3          ; Give software Version (global)
;724 = status,4          ; Give GPS location info
;725 = status,5          ; Last (dtmf) user
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Link Commands
 
; 1 - Disconnect specified link
; 2 - Connect specified link -- monitor only
; 3 - Connect specified link -- tranceive
; 4 - Enter command mode on specified link
; 5 - System status
; 6 - Disconnect all links
; 7 - Last Node to Key Up
; 8 - Connect specified link -- local monitor only
; 9 - Send Text Message (9,<destnodeno or 0 (for all)>,Message Text, etc.
; 10 - Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
; 11 - Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
; 12 - Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
; 13 - Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
; 15 - Full system status (all nodes)
; 16 - Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
; 17 - MDC test (for diag purposes)
; 18 - Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only
 
; ilink commands 1 through 5 are defined in the Mandatory Command section
 
;806 = ilink,6			; Disconnect all links
;827 = ilink,7			; Last Node to Key Up
;808 = ilink,8			; Connect specified link -- local monitor only
;809 = ilink,9,48148,"Testing"	; would send a text message to node 48148 replace 48148 with 0 for all connected nodes
;810 = ilink,10			; Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
;811 = ilink,11			; Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
;812 = ilink,12			; Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
;823 = ilink,13			; Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
;815 = ilink,15			; Full system status (all nodes)
;817 = ilink,17			; MDC test (for diag purposes)
;818 = ilink,18			; Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Control operator (cop) functions.
; Change these to something other than these codes listed below!
; Uncomment as needed.
 
;901 = cop,1				; System warm boot
 
; 904 = cop,4				; Test tone on/off (toggle)
; 905 = cop,5				; Dump system variables on console (debug use only)
 
; 907 = cop,7				; Time out timer enable
; 908 = cop,8				; Time out timer disable
 
; 909 = cop,9				; Autopatch enable
; 910 = cop,10				; Autopatch disable
 
; 911 = cop,11				; User linking functions enable
; 912 = cop,12				; User linking functions disable
 
; 913 = cop,13				; Query system control state
; 914 = cop,14				; Set system control state
 
; 915 = cop,15				; Scheduler enable
; 916 = cop,16				; Scheduler disable
 
; 917 = cop,17				; User functions enable (time, id, etc)
; 918 = cop,18				; User functions disable
 
; 919 = cop,19				; Select alternate hang time (althangtime)
; 920 = cop,20				; Select standard hangtime (hangtime)
 
 
; 924 = cop,24				; Flush all telemetry
; 925 = cop,25				; Query last node un-keyed
; 926 = cop,26				; Query all nodes keyed/unkeyed
; 927 = cop,27				; Reset DAQ minimum on a pin
; 928 = cop,28				; Reset DAQ maximum on a pin
 
; 930 = cop,30				; Recall Memory Setting in Attached Xcvr
 
; 931 = cop,31				; Channel Selector for Parallel Programmed Xcvr
 
; 932 = cop,32				; Touchtone pad test: command + Digit string + # to playback all digits pressed
 
; 933 = cop,33				; Local Telemetry Output Enable
; 934 = cop,34				; Local Telemetry Output Disable
; 935 = cop,35				; Local Telemetry Output on Demand
 
; 936 = cop,36				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Enable
; 937 = cop,37				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Disable
; 938 = cop,38				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Follows Local Telemetry
; 939 = cop,39				; Foreign Link Local Output Path on Demand
 
; 942 = cop,42				; Echolink announce node # only
; 943 = cop,43				; Echolink announce node Callsign only
; 944 = cop,44				; Echolink announce node # & Callsign
 
; 945 = cop,45				; Link Activity timer enable
; 945 = cop,46				; Link Activity timer disable
; 947 = cop,47				; Reset "Link Config Changed" Flag
 
; 948 = cop,48				; Send Page Tone (Tone specs separated by parenthesis)
 
; 949 = cop,49				; Disable incoming connections (control state noice)
; 950 = cop,50				; Enable incoming connections (control state noicd)
 
; 951 = cop,51				; Enable sleep mode
; 952 = cop,52				; Disable sleep mode
; 953 = cop,53				; Wake up from sleep
; 954 = cop,54				; Go to sleep
 
; 956 = cop,56                            ; Rx CTCSS Enable
; 957 = cop,57                            ; Rx CTCSS Disable
 
; 958 = cop.58                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Enable
; 959 = cop,59                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Disable
 
; 960 = cop,60                            ; Send MDC-1200 Burst (cop,60,type,UnitID[,DestID,SubCode])
;                                         ; Type is 'I' for PttID, 'E' for Emergency, and 'C' for Call
;                                         ; (SelCall or Alert), or 'SX' for STS (ststus), where X is 0-F.
;                                         ; DestID and subcode are only specified for  the 'C' type message.
;                                         ; UnitID is the local systems UnitID. DestID is the MDC1200 ID of
;                                         ; the radio being called, and the subcodes are as follows:
;                                         ; Subcode '8205' is Voice Selective Call for Spectra ('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '8015' is Voice Selective Call for Maxtrac ('SC') or
;                                         ; Astro-Saber('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '810D' is Call Alert (like Maxtrac 'CA')
 
; 961 = cop,61                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins (cop,61,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
; 962 = cop,62                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins, quietly (cop,62,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
 
; 963 = cop,63                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification (cop,63,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 964 = cop,64                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification, quietly (cop,64,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 965 = cop,65                            ; Send POCSAG page (equipped channel types only)
 
[functions-remote]
 
0 = remote,1                            ; Retrieve Memory
1 = remote,2                            ; Set freq.
2 = remote,3                            ; Set tx PL tone
3 = remote,4                            ; Set rx PL tone
40 = remote,100                         ; Rx PL off
41 = remote,101                         ; Rx PL on
42 = remote,102                         ; Tx PL off
43 = remote,103                         ; Tx PL on
44 = remote,104                         ; Low Power
45 = remote,105                         ; Medium Power
46 = remote,106                         ; High Power
711 = remote,107                        ; Bump -20
714 = remote,108                        ; Bump -100
717 = remote,109                        ; Bump -500
713 = remote,110                        ; Bump +20
716 = remote,111                        ; Bump +100
719 = remote,112                        ; Bump +500
721 = remote,113                        ; Scan - slow
724 = remote,114                        ; Scan - quick
727 = remote,115                        ; Scan - fast
723 = remote,116                        ; Scan + slow
726 = remote,117                        ; Scan + quick
729 = remote,118                        ; Scan + fast
79 = remote,119                         ; Tune
51 = remote,5                           ; Long status query
52 = remote,140				; Short status query
67 = remote,210				; Send a *
69 = remote,211				; Send a #
;91 = remote,99,CALLSIGN,LICENSETAG     ; Remote base login.
                                        ; Define a different dtmf sequence for each user which is
                                        ; authorized to use the remote base to control access to it.
                                        ; For examble 9139583=remote,99,WB6NIL,G would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WB6NIL as being logged in.
                                        ; Another entry, 9148351=remote,99,WA6ZFT,E would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WA6ZFT as being logged in.
                                        ; When the remote base is disconnected from the originating node, the
                                        ; user will be logged out. The LICENSETAG argument is used to enforce
					; tx frequency limits. See [txlimits] below.
85 = cop,6                              ; Remote base telephone key
 
 
[telemetry]
 
; Telemetry entries can be shared across all repeaters, or defined for each repeater.
; Can be a tone sequence, morse string, or a file
;
; |t - Tone escape sequence
;
; Tone sequences consist of 1 or more 4-tuple entries (freq1, freq2, duration, amplitude)
; Single frequencies are created by setting freq1 or freq2 to zero.
;
; |m - Morse escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the telemetry amplitude and telemetry frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; Follow with an alphanumeric string
;
; |i - Morse ID escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the ID amplitude and ID frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; path/to/sound/file/without/extension
;
; Send the sound if in place of a constructed tone. Do not include the file extension
; Example: ct8 = rpt/bloop
; Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
 
ct1 = |t(350,0,100,2048)(500,0,100,2048)(660,0,100,2048)
ct2 = |t(660,880,150,2048)
ct3 = |t(440,0,150,4096)
ct4 = |t(550,0,150,2048)
ct5 = |t(660,0,150,2048)
ct6 = |t(880,0,150,2048)
ct7 = |t(660,440,150,2048)
ct8 = |t(700,1100,150,2048)
ranger = |t(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,150,0)
remotemon = |mR
;remotemon = |t(1209,0,50,2048)                                  ; local courtesy tone when receive only
remotetx = |mK
;remotetx = |t(1633,0,50,3000)(0,0,80,0)(1209,0,50,3000)		; local courtesy tone when linked Trancieve mode
cmdmode = |t(900,903,200,2048)
;functcomplete = |mW
functcomplete = |t(1000,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(1000,0,100,2048)
remcomplete = |t(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)
pfxtone = |t(350,440,30000,3072)
patchup = rpt/callproceeding
patchdown = rpt/callterminated
 
ct12 = |me
ct13 = |mR
 
; As far as what the numbers mean,
; (000,000,010,000)
;   |   |   |   |-------amplitude
;   |   |   |-------------duration
;   |   |-------------------Tone 2
;   |-------------------------Tone 1
 
; So, with 0,0,10,0 That says No Tone1, No Tone2, 10ms duration, 0 Amplitude.
; Use it for a delay.  Fine tuning for how long before telemetry is sent, in conjunction with the telemdelay parameter)
; The numbers, like 350,440,10,2048 are 350Hz, 440Hz, 10ms delay, amplitude of 2048.
 
; Morse code parameters, these are common to all repeaters.
 
[morse]
speed = 20				; Approximate speed in WPM
frequency = 600				; Morse Telemetry Frequency
amplitude = 2048			; Morse Telemetry Amplitude
idfrequency = 1065			; Morse ID Frequency
idamplitude = 1024			; Morse ID Amplitude
 
;
; This section allows wait times for telemetry events to be adjusted
; A section for wait times can be defined for every repeater
;
 
[wait-times]
telemwait = 400                        ; Time to wait before sending most telemetry
idwait = 500                            ; Time to wait before starting ID
unkeywait = 200                        ; Time to wait after unkey before sending CT's and link telemetry
calltermwait = 2000                     ; Time to wait before announcing "call terminated"
 
; Memories for remote bases
 
[memory]
;00 = 146.580,100.0,m
;01 = 147.030,103.5,m+t
;02 = 147.240,103.5,m+t
;03 = 147.765,79.7,m-t
;04 = 146.460,100.0,m
;05 = 146.550,100.0,m
 
; Place command macros here
 
[macro]
 
 
11 = *141223# ; disc. hubnet
21 = *241223# ; monitor hubnet
31 = *341223# ; transceive hubnet
 
 
12 = *1424611# ; disc MilNet
22 = *2424611# ; monitor MilNet
32 = *3424611# ; transceive MilNet
 
;13 = *129332# ; disc Alaska
;23 = *229332# ; monitor Alaska
;33 = *329332# ; transceive Alaska
 
;14 = *154383# ; disc CQ North
;24 = *254383# ; monitor CQ North
;34 = *354383# ; transceive CQ North
 
;191 = *140894# ; disconnect hubnet Echo
;391 = *340894# ; connect hubnet echo
 
19 = *13009999#	; dis echolink echotest
39 = *33009999#	; con echolink echotest
 
 
 
; Data Acquisition configuration
 
;[daq-list]
;device = device_name1
;device = device_name2
 
;Where: device_name1 and device_name2 are stanzas you define in this file
 
;device = daq-cham-1
 
; Device name
 
;[daq-cham-1]				; Defined in [daq-list]
;hwtype = uchameleon			; DAQ hardware type
;devnode = /dev/ttyUSB0			; DAQ device node (if required)
;1 = inadc				; Pin definition for an ADC channel
;2 = inadc
;3 = inadc
;4 = inadc
;5 = inadc
;6 = inadc
;7 = inadc
;8 = inadc
;9 = inp				; Pin definition for an input with a weak pullup resistor
;10 = inp
;11 = inp
;12 = inp
;13 = in				; Pin definition for an input without a weak pullup resistor
;14 = out				; Pin definition for an output
;15 = out
;16 = out
;17 = out
;18 = out
 
;[meter-faces]
 
;face = scale(scalepre,scalediv,scalepost),word/?,...
;
; scalepre = offset to add before dividing with scalediv
; scalediv = full scale/number of whole units (e.g. 256/20 or 12.8 for 20 volts).
; scalepost = offset to add after dividing with scalediv
;
;face = range(X-Y:word,X2-Y2:word,...),word/?,...
;face = bit(low-word,high-word),word/?,...
;
; word/? is either a word in /var/lib/asterisk/sounds or one of its subdirectories,
; or a question mark which is  a placeholder for the measured value.
;
;
; Battery voltage 0-20 volts
;batvolts = scale(0,12.8,0),rpt/thevoltageis,?,ha/volts
; 4 quadrant wind direction
;winddir = range(0-33:north,34-96:west,97-160:south,161-224:east,225-255:north),rpt/thewindis,?
; LM34 temperature sensor with 130 deg. F full scale
;lm34f = scale(0,1.969,0),rpt/thetemperatureis,?,degrees,fahrenheit
; Status poll (non alarmed)
;light = bit(ha/off,ha/on),ha/light,?
 
;[alarms]
;
;tag = device,pin,node,ignorefirst,func-low,func-hi
;
;tag = a unique name for the alarm
;device = daq device to poll
;pin = the device pin to be monitored
;ignorefirstalarm = set to 1 to throwaway first alarm event, or 0 to report it
;node = the node number to execute the function on
;func-low = the DTMF function to execute on a high to low transition
;func-high = the DTMF function to execute on a low to high transition
;
; a  '-' as a function name is shorthand for no-operation
;
;door = daq-cham-1,9,1,2017,*7,-
;pwrfail = daq-cham-1,10,0,2017,*911111,-
;
; Control states
; Allow several control operator functions to be changed at once using one command (good for scheduling)
;
;[controlstates]
;statenum = copcmd,[copcmd]...
;0 = rptena,lnkena,apena,totena,ufena,noicd  ; Normal operation
;1 = rptena,lnkena,apdis,totdis,ufena,noice  ; Net and news operation
;2 = rptena,lnkdis,apdis,totena,ufdis,noice  ; Repeater only operation
 
; Scheduler - execute a macro at a given time
 
[schedule]
;dtmf_function =  m h dom mon dow  ; ala cron, star is implied
;8 = 55 12 * * *   ; at midnight, execute macro 2.
 
; See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Event_Management
[events]
 
#includeifexists custom/rpt.conf

/etc/asterisk/modules.conf after bridging added

;
; Asterisk configuration file
;
; Module Loader configuration file
;
; By default DIAL does NOT load every module, only what is needed
 
; You can enable or disable any of the asterisk modules
; All modules are compiled and installed.
 
; To enable a module: load => module_name.so
; To disable a module: noload => module_name.so
 
; You will want to enable the channel driver modules you will be using.
; There are below in the Channle Driver section
; The most common Channel drivers for app_rpt are:
; chan_echolink.so   echolink channel driver
; chan_simpleusb.so  Simple USB Radio Interface Channel Drive
; chan_usbradio.so   USB Console Channel Driver
; chan_usrp.so       USRP Channel Module
; chan_voter.so      radio Voter channel driver
 
[modules]
 
autoload=no
 
; Applications
 
noload => app_adsiprog.so ;			Asterisk ADSI Programming Application
noload => app_alarmreceiver.so ;		Alarm Receiver for Asterisk
noload => app_amd.so ;				Answering Machine Detection Application
load => app_authenticate.so ;            	Authentication Application
noload => app_cdr.so ;				Tell Asterisk to not maintain a CDR for
noload => app_chanisavail.so ;			Check channel availability
noload => app_channelredirect.so ;		Channel Redirect
noload => app_chanspy.so ;			Listen to the audio of an active channel
noload => app_controlplayback.so ;		Control Playback Application
noload => app_dahdibarge.so ;			Barge in on channel application
noload => app_dahdiras.so ;			DAHDI RAS Application
noload => app_dahdiscan.so ;			Scan Zap channels application
noload => app_db.so ;				Database Access Functions
load => app_dial.so ;				Dialing Application
noload => app_dictate.so ;			Virtual Dictation Machine
noload => app_directed_pickup.so ;		Directed Call Pickup Application
noload => app_directory.so ;			Extension Directory
noload => app_disa.so ;				DISA (Direct Inward System Access) Appli
noload => app_dumpchan.so ;			Dump Info About The Calling Channel
noload => app_echo.so ;				Simple Echo Application
load => app_exec.so ;				Executes dialplan applications
noload => app_externalivr.so ;			External IVR Interface Application
noload => app_festival.so ;			Simple Festival Interface
noload => app_flash.so ;			Flash channel application
noload => app_followme.so ;			Find-Me/Follow-Me Application
noload => app_forkcdr.so ;			Fork The CDR into 2 separate entities
noload => app_getcpeid.so ;			Get ADSI CPE ID
noload => app_gps.so ;				GPS interface module
noload => app_hasnewvoicemail.so ;		Indicator for whether a voice mailbox ha
noload => app_ices.so ;				Encode and Stream via icecast and ices
noload => app_image.so ;			Image Transmission Application
noload => app_lookupblacklist.so ;		Look up Caller*ID name/number from black
noload => app_lookupcidname.so ;		Look up CallerID Name from local databas
load => app_macro.so ;				Extension Macros
noload => app_meetme.so ;			MeetMe conference bridge
noload => app_milliwatt.so ;			Digital Milliwatt (mu-law) Test Applicat
noload => app_mixmonitor.so ;			Mixed Audio Monitoring Application
noload => app_morsecode.so ;			Morse code
noload => app_mp3.so ;				Silly MP3 Application
noload => app_nbscat.so ;			Silly NBS Stream Application
noload => app_page.so ;				Page Multiple Phones
noload => app_parkandannounce.so ;		Call Parking and Announce Application
load => app_playback.so ;			Sound File Playback Application
noload => app_privacy.so ;			Require phone number to be entered, if n
noload => app_queue.so ;			True Call Queueing
noload => app_radbridge.so ;			Radio Bridging interface module
noload => app_random.so ;			Random goto
noload => app_readfile.so ;			Stores output of file into a variable
noload => app_read.so ;				Read Variable Application
noload => app_realtime.so ;			Realtime Data Lookup/Rewrite
noload => app_record.so ;			Trivial Record Application
load => app_rpt.so ;				Radio Repeater/Remote Base Application
noload => app_sayunixtime.so ;			Say time
noload => app_senddtmf.so ;			Send DTMF digits Application
load => app_sendtext.so ;			Send Text Applications
noload => app_setcallerid.so ;			Set CallerID Application
noload => app_setcdruserfield.so ;		CDR user field apps
noload => app_settransfercapability.so ;	Set ISDN Transfer Capability
noload => app_sms.so ;				SMS/PSTN handler
noload => app_softhangup.so ;			Hangs up the requested channel
noload => app_speech_utils.so ;			Dialplan Speech Applications
noload => app_stack.so ;			Stack Routines
load => app_system.so ;				Generic System() application
noload => app_talkdetect.so ;			Playback with Talk Detection
noload => app_test.so ;				Interface Test Application
load => app_transfer.so ;			Transfer
noload => app_url.so ;				Send URL Applications
noload => app_userevent.so ;			Custom User Event Application
noload => app_verbose.so ;			Send verbose output
noload => app_voicemail.so ;			Comedian Mail (Voicemail System)
noload => app_waitforring.so ;			Waits until first ring after time
noload => app_waitforsilence.so ;		Wait For Silence
noload => app_while.so ;			While Loops and Conditional Execution
noload => app_zapateller.so ;			Block Telemarketers with Special Informa
 
; CDR
 
noload => cdr_csv.so ;				Comma Separated Values CDR Backend
noload => cdr_custom.so ;			Customizable Comma Separated Values CDR
noload => cdr_manager.so ;			Asterisk Manager Interface CDR Backend
 
; Channels
 
noload => chan_agent.so ;			Agent Proxy Channel
noload => chan_alsa.so ;			ALSA Console Channel Driver
noload => chan_beagle.so ;			Beagleboard Radio Interface Channel Driver
load => chan_dahdi.so ;				DAHDI Telephony
load => chan_echolink.so ;			echolink Channel Driver
noload => chan_features.so ;			Feature Proxy Channel
noload => chan_gtalk.so ;			Gtalk Channel Driver
load => chan_iax2.so ;				Inter Asterisk eXchange (Ver 2)
load => chan_local.so ;				Local Proxy Channel (Note: used internal
noload => chan_oss.so ;				Channel driver for OSS sound cards
noload => chan_phone.so ;			Generic Linux Telephony Interface driver
noload => chan_pi.so ;				DMK Engineering "PITA" Board on Rpi2/3 Channel Driver
load => chan_simpleusb.so ;			CM1xx USB Cards with Radio Interface Channel Driver (No DSP)
noload => chan_sip.so ;				Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
noload => chan_tlb.so ;				TheLinkBox Channel Driver
noload => chan_usbradio.so ;			CM1xx USB Cards with Radio Interface Channel Driver (DSP)
load => chan_usrp.so ;			GNU Radio interface USRP Channel Driver
noload => chan_voter.so ;			Radio Voter Channel Driver
 
; Codecs
 
; CODEC          AUDIO QUALITY   BANDWIDTH (including IP and Ethernet headers)
; ULAW           best            87 kilobits per second (kbps)
; ADPCM          good            55 kbps
; GSM            mediocre        36 kbps
; g726aal2
; ilbc
 
load => codec_adpcm.so ;			Adaptive Differential PCM Coder/Decoder
load => codec_alaw.so ;				A-law Coder/Decoder
load => codec_a_mu.so ;				A-law and Mulaw direct Coder/Decoder
noload => codec_dahdi.so ;			Generic DAHDI Transcoder Codec Translato
load => codec_g726.so ;				ITU G.726-32kbps G726 Transcoder
load => codec_gsm.so ;				GSM Coder/Decoder
load => codec_ulaw.so ;				mu-Law Coder/Decoder
noload => codec_ilbc.so ;			http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec
 
; Formats
 
load => format_g723.so ;			G.723.1 Simple Timestamp File Format
load => format_g726.so ;			Raw G.726 (16/24/32/40kbps) data
load => format_g729.so ;			Raw G729 data
load => format_gsm.so ;				Raw GSM data
load => format_h263.so ;			Raw H.263 data
load => format_h264.so ;			Raw H.264 data
load => format_ilbc.so ;			Raw iLBC data
noload => format_jpeg.so ;			JPEG (Joint Picture Experts Group) Image
load => format_pcm.so ;				Raw/Sun uLaw/ALaw 8KHz (PCM,PCMA,AU), G.
load => format_sln.so ;				Raw Signed Linear Audio support (SLN)
load => format_vox.so ;				Dialogic VOX (ADPCM) File Format
load => format_wav_gsm.so ;			Microsoft WAV format (Proprietary GSM)
load => format_wav.so ;				Microsoft WAV format (8000Hz Signed Line
 
; Functions
 
load => func_base64.so ;			base64 encode/decode dialplan functions
load => func_callerid.so ;			Caller ID related dialplan function
load => func_cdr.so ;				CDR dialplan function
load => func_channel.so ;			Channel information dialplan function
load => func_curl.so ;				Load external URL
load => func_cut.so ;				Cut out information from a string
load => func_db.so ;				Database (astdb) related dialplan functi
load => func_enum.so ;				ENUM related dialplan functions
load => func_env.so ;				Environment/filesystem dialplan function
load => func_global.so ;			Global variable dialplan functions
load => func_groupcount.so ;			Channel group dialplan functions
load => func_language.so ;			Channel language dialplan function
load => func_logic.so ;				Logical dialplan functions
load => func_math.so ;				Mathematical dialplan function
load => func_md5.so ;				MD5 digest dialplan functions
load => func_moh.so ;				Music-on-hold dialplan function
load => func_rand.so ;				Random number dialplan function
load => func_realtime.so ;			Read/Write values from a RealTime reposi
noload => func_sha1.so ;			SHA-1 computation dialplan function
noload => func_strings.so ;			String handling dialplan functions
noload => func_timeout.so ;			Channel timeout dialplan functions
noload => func_uri.so ;				URI encode/decode dialplan functions
 
; PBX
 
noload => pbx_ael.so ;				Asterisk Extension Language Compiler
load => pbx_config.so ;				Text Extension Configuration
noload => pbx_dundi.so ;			Distributed Universal Number Discovery (
noload => pbx_loopback.so ;			Loopback Switch
noload => pbx_realtime.so ;			Realtime Switch
noload => pbx_spool.so ;			Outgoing Spool Support
 
; Resources
 
load => res_adsi.so ;				ADSI Resource
noload => res_agi.so ;				Asterisk Gateway Interface (AGI)
noload => res_clioriginate.so ;			Call origination from the CLI
noload => res_convert.so ;			File format conversion CLI command
load => res_crypto.so ;				Cryptographic Digital Signatures
load => res_features.so ;			Call Features Resource
load => res_indications.so ;			Indications Resource
noload => res_jabber.so ;			AJI - Asterisk Jabber Interface
noload => res_monitor.so ;			Call Monitoring Resource
noload => res_musiconhold.so ;			Music On Hold Resource
load => res_smdi.so ;				Simplified Message Desk Interface (SMDI)
noload => res_snmp.so ;				SNMP [Sub]Agent for Asterisk
noload => res_speech.so ;			Generic Speech Recognition API
 
[global]

/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf after bridging added

[general]
 
static = yes       ; These two lines prevent the command-line interface
writeprotect = yes ; from overwriting the config file. Leave them here.
 
[globals]
HOMENPA = 999 ; change this to your Area Code
NODE = 48148   ; change this to your node number
NODE1 = 1999
 
[default]
 
exten => i,1,Hangup
 
[radio-secure]
exten => ${NODE},1,rpt,${NODE}
exten => ${NODE1},1,rpt,${NODE1}
 
[iaxrpt]                                ; entered from iaxrpt in iax.conf
exten => ${NODE},1,rpt(${NODE}|X)       ; NODE is the Name field in iaxrpt
                                        ; Info: The X option passed to the Rpt application
                                        ; disables the normal security checks.
                                        ; Because incoming connections are validated in iax.conf,
                                        ; and we don't know where the user will be coming from in advance,
                                        ; the X option is required.
 
[iax-client]				; for IAX VIOP clients.				
exten => ${NODE},1,Ringing
exten => ${NODE},n,Wait(3)
exten => ${NODE},n,Answer
exten => ${NODE},n,Set(NODENUM=${CALLERID(number)})
exten => ${NODE},n,Playback(rpt/node|noanswer)
exten => ${NODE},n,SayDigits(${EXTEN})
exten => ${NODE},n,Set(CALLERID(num)=0)
exten => ${NODE},n,Rpt,${NODE}|P|${CALLERID(name)}
exten => ${NODE},n,Hangup
exten => ${NODE},n(hangit),Answer
exten => ${NODE},n(hangit),Wait(1)
exten => ${NODE},n(hangit),Hangup
 
; Comment-out the following clause if you want Allstar Autopatch service
[pstn-out]
exten = _NXXNXXXXXX,1,playback(ss-noservice)
exten = _NXXNXXXXXX,2,Congestion
 
; Un-comment out the following clause if you want Allstar Autopatch service
;[pstn-out]
;exten = _NXXNXXXXXX,1,Dial(IAX2/allstar-autopatch/\${EXTEN})
;exten = _NXXNXXXXXX,2,Busy
 
[invalidnum]
exten = s,1,Wait,3
exten = s,n,Playback,ss-noservice
exten = s,n,Wait,1
exten =  s,n,Hangup
 
[radio]
exten = _X11,1,Goto(check_route|${EXTEN}|1);
exten = _NXXXXXX,1,Goto(check_route|1${HOMENPA}${EXTEN}|1)
exten = _1XXXXXXXXXX,1,Goto(check_route|${EXTEN}|1)
exten = _07XX,1,Goto(parkedcalls|${EXTEN:1}|1)
exten = 00,1,Goto(my-ip|s|1)
 
[check_route]
exten =_X.,1,Noop(${EXTEN})
; no 800
exten = _1800NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
exten = _1888NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
exten = _1877NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
exten = _1866NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
exten = _1855NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no X00 NPA
exten = _1X00XXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no X11 NPA
exten = _1X11XXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no X11 
exten = _X11,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no 555 Prefix in any NPA
exten = _1NXX555XXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no 976 Prefix in any NPA
exten = _1NXX976XXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no NPA=809
exten = _1809XXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no NPA=900
exten = _1900XXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
 
; okay, route it
exten = _1NXXXXXXXXX,2,Goto(pstn-out|${EXTEN:1}|1)
exten = _X.,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
 
[my-ip]
exten = s,1,Set(MYADDR=${CURL(http://myip.vg)})
exten = s,2,Wait,1
exten = s,3,SayAlpha(${MYADDR})
exten = s,4,Hangup
 
[allstar-sys]
exten => _1.,1,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|Rrpt/node:NODE:rpt/in-call:digits/0:PARKED|120)
exten => _1.,n,Hangup
 
exten => _2.,1,Ringing
exten => _2.,n,Wait(3)
exten => _2.,n,Answer
exten => _2.,n,Playback(rpt/node)
exten => _2.,n,Saydigits(${EXTEN:1})
exten => _2.,n,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|P|${CALLERID(name)}-P)
exten => _2.,n,Hangup
 
exten => _3.,1,Ringing
exten => _3.,n,Wait(3)
exten => _3.,n,Answer
exten => _3.,n,Playback(rpt/node)
exten => _3.,n,Saydigits(${EXTEN:1})
exten => _3.,n,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|Pv|${CALLERID(name)}-P)
exten => _3.,n,Hangup
 
exten => _4.,1,Ringing
exten => _4.,n,Wait(3)
exten => _4.,n,Answer
exten => _4.,n,Playback(rpt/node)
exten => _4.,n,Saydigits(${EXTEN:1})
exten => _4.,n,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|D|${CALLERID(name)}-P)
exten => _4.,n,Hangup
 
exten => _5.,1,Ringing
exten => _5.,n,Wait(3)
exten => _5.,n,Answer
exten => _5.,n,Playback(rpt/node)
exten => _5.,n,Saydigits(${EXTEN:1})
exten => _5.,n,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|Dv|${CALLERID(name)}-P)
exten => _5.,n,Hangup
 
[allstar-public]
 
exten => s,1,Ringing
exten => s,n,Set(RESP=${CURL(https://register.allstarlink.org/cgi-bin/authwebphone.pl?${CALLERID(name)})})
exten => s,n,Set(NODENUM=${CALLERID(number)})
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${RESP:0:1}" = "?"]?hangit)
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${RESP:0:1}" = ""]?hangit)
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${RESP:0:5}" != "OHYES"]?hangit)
exten => s,n,Set(CALLSIGN=${RESP:5})
exten => s,n,Wait(3)
exten => s,n,Playback(rpt/node|noanswer)
exten => s,n,Saydigits(${NODENUM})
exten => s,n,Set(CALLERID(name)=${CALLSIGN})
exten => s,n,Set(CALLERID(num)=0)
exten => s,n,Rpt(${NODENUM}|X)
exten => s,n,Hangup
exten => s,n(hangit),Answer
exten => s,n(hangit),Wait(1)
exten => s,n(hangit),Hangup
 
#includeifexists custom/extensions.conf

The next bit was more tricky on an old Debian Buster ASL Beta image that hadn't been updated/upgraded in a long time….

Installing DVswitch

Installing DVSwitch was a bit convoluted, as my old version of the ASL Beta 2.0.0 wasn't up to date… and needed some work to add necessary APT gpg keys, and adding the dvswitch repository.

apt-get update –allow-releaseinfo-change to accept the release name change

Adding DVSwitch repository keys

As root :

apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 0E98404D386FA1D9
 
apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 6ED0E7B82643E131
 
curl -s http://apt.allstarlink.org/repos/repo_signing.key | apt-key add - && apt update
 
wget http://dvswitch.org/buster
 
chmod +x buster
 
./buster
 
apt-get update
 
apt-get install dvswitch

Configuring DVSwitch

The changes were made to the existing asterisk configs, as per the pdf document, then DVSwitch was installed, and then the pdf document was followed again to make the necessary configs to:

/opt/Analog_Bridge/Analog_Bridge.ini

and

/opt/MMDVM_Bridge/MMDVM_Bridge.ini

everything seemed to work okay - although there I think one of the UDP ports was initially wrong for the USRP traffic in Analog_Bridge.ini and I had to double check by looking in

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf

[1999]
rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:31001

and setting Analog_Bridge.ini to match:

[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1              
txPort = 31001                        
rxPort = 34001

Testing

I initially set the MMDVM_Bridge to connect to Brandmeister and Analog_Bridge to send traffic to TG2354429 (an ad hoc TG with my DMR ID).

in the asterisk CLI issue the command to link the main node 48148 with the internal private node 1999 to complete the bridge:

rpt cmd 2100 ilink 3 1999

transmit on the VHF FM input to the Gateway and listen on a DMR radio via my DMR hotspot connected to Brandmeister TG2354429 and the DMR radio sprang into life with my DMR ID….

transmit on the DMR radio, via the hotspot to Brandmeister and the VHF FM handheld carried the audio from the DMR radio.

I also tried setting MMDVM_Bridge to connect to DVS-Ph F and used the Options=TS2_1=842 to set TG842 as static. Setting Analog_Bridge to use TG 842 and once more the traffic was bi-directional Allstar ↔ DMR

So Far So Good

To boost the audio via the bridge

Analog_Bridge.ini to change from AUDIO_UNITY to AUDIO_USE_GAIN

[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1                     
txPort = 31001                         
rxPort = 34001                       
usrpAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN            
usrpGain = 3                        
;usrpAGC = -20,10,100                 
tlvAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN                
tlvGain = 0.35

I set the various DVSwitch things to be enabled or disabled:

systemctl enable asterisk
systemctl enable analog_bridge
systemctl disable md380-emu
systemctl enable mmdvm_bridge

Later I found the other bridges available (P25, YSF, NXDN etc) were running, but not configured, so I used systemctl to disable them.

Allmon2 / supermon

I added the new node 1999 to allmon2 and supermon, so I can control/monitor the bridging via the web.

/var/www/html/allmon2/allmon.ini.php

[48148]
host=127.0.0.1:5038
user=admin
passwd=xxxx
nomenu=no
hideNodeURL=no
 
 
[1999]
host=127.0.0.1:5038
user=admin
passwd=XXXX
nomenu=no
hideNodeURL=no
 
[Grouped Nodes]
nodes=48148,1999
 
[lsNodes]
url = "/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=48148"
;url = "/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=481480"
menu = yes

/var/www/html/supermon/allmon.ini

[48148]
host = 127.0.0.1:5038
user = admin
passwd = XXXX
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
 
[1999]
host = 127.0.0.1:5038
user = admin
passwd = XXXX
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
 
[All Nodes]
nodes = 48148,1999
menu = yes

— John Pumford-Green 03/06/25 17:55 BST

Further Information

radio, allstar, mmdvm, dvswitch

APRS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←APRS

APRS

VHF and HF APRS

VHF

FT8900 : 2m I-Gate GM4SLV-2 - Raspberry Pi, TNC-Pi and APRX I-Gate software
- UPDATE 6/4/24 : 2m APRS suspended. Coverage not adequate from low 2m antenna.
TM-D710 in van : GM4SLV-9 - will digipeat “WIDEn-N”
TH-D72 : GM4SLV-8
Anytone 878
- analogue : GM4SLV-7,
- DMR
  - Brandmeister → PC 234999 (Self-Care set to GM4SLV-7)
  - DMR+/Phoenix → PC 5057 → GM4SLV-7

HF

Occasional use of 30m AFSK 10,147.6kHz USB as GM4SLV-10
- IC-706 and Signalink-USB soundcard

Software

Direwolf
- HF (300 baud FSK) or VHF soundcard modem/TNC
- AGW Packet Engine TCP/IP interface to other software
- standalone iGate and Digipeater
Xastir
- Can use the Direwolf TCP/IP AGW TNC across network
WinRPR winrpr_075_2.zip
- Can act as TCP/IP KISS mode TNC providing 300 or 600 baud Robust Packet TX/RX and also simultaneous 300 baud FSK RX
APRSISCE32 aprsis32.zip
- Can use WinRPR's KISS mode TNC
UIView32 32full203.exe
- Needs to be registered first at https://www.apritch.co.uk/uiv32.htm
  - ••••••••••
- Can use Direwolf's AGW TNC across network

HF Frequencies

30m

300 Baud FSK RF centre 10149.3kHz
- 1700 Hz audio (1600/1800Hz tones)
- Dial = 10147.6kHz USB
  - alternative dial = 10151.0kHz LSB (signal can be inverted without issues)
300 baud RPR RF centre 10148.8kHz
- 1500 Hz audio
- Dial = 10147.3kHz USB
  - Normal 300 baud AFSK resolves at 2000Hz - and is decoded by WinRPR at this offset

Direwolf update : 10/04/24

Direwolf v1.6 in Debian has a minor annoyance - it decodes its own transmitted frames occasionally due to cross talk in the sound card
This is reported to be fixed in 1.7 release so I cloned the git repository and built the current 1.7 version
It has removed the annoyance of seeing (and reporting to APRS-IS) your own transmitted packets
There are other changes and improvements which I will investigate over time.
Steps to clone/build

sudo apt-get install libavahi-client-dev
git clone https://www.github.com/wb2osz/direwolf
cd direwolf
 
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make -j4

Running the new version

cd src
./direwolf -c ~/direwolf.conf

A few red warnings due to changes for v1.7 not being fully compatible with the previous config options, but it runs and doesn't seem to decode its own transmissions any more.

A few tweaks to the config:

ADEVICE  plughw:2,0
 
CHANNEL 0
 
MYCALL GM4SLV-10
 
#MODEM 300 7@30
 
MODEM 300 B+
 
#FIX_BITS 1
 
TXDELAY 50
 
LOGDIR .
 
AGWPORT 8000
KISSPORT 8001
 
PBEACON sendto=0 via="WIDE1-1" delay=0:00 every=10:00 symbol="\-" lat=60^17.31N long=1^25.51W comment="30m HF Direwolf AFSK"
 
#FILTER 0 0 ( ! d/* )
#FILTER 0 0 (! b/GM4SLV-10 )
 
#IGSERVER euro.aprs2.net
 
#IGLOGIN GM4SLV-10 19626
 
#PBEACON sendto=IG delay=0:30 every=60:00 symbol="\-" lat=60^17.31N long=1^25.51W comment="30m AFSK RX Igate"
 
 
DIGIPEAT 0 0 ^WIDE[3-7]-[1-7]$|^TEST$ ^WIDE[12]-[12]$ PREEMPT
 
#IGTXLIMIT 6 10

I will remove the Debian version 1.6 and sudo make install the newly compiled v1.7 once I'm happy with it.
This version also decodes FX25 packets - which I don't fully understand yet

SP6PGH-10 audio level = 53   FX.25   75_______
[0.1] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,WIDE1-1:>100639zTest HF APRS station
Status Report, APRSISCE win32 version
Test HF APRS station
[0H] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,GM4SLV-10*:>100639zTest HF APRS station

a normal AX25 packet

IW4EGP-10 audio level = 46    _|||_____
[0.2] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,WIDE2-2:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>
Position, HF Gateway  <= the original primary table definition, UIview 32 bit apps
N 44 03.5700, E 012 33.7200
APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}
[0H] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,GM4SLV-10*,WIDE2-1:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>

both of these are also digipeated my me, shown on the last line is my outgoing digipeated packet:
- [0H] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,GM4SLV-10*:>100639zTest HF APRS station
- [0H] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,GM4SLV-10*,WIDE2-1:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>

— John Pumford-Green 21/03/24 16:14

Last Update : 04/06/26 07:39 BST

Further Information

Direwolf v1.7 User Manual	user-guide_1_.pdf
aprs.fi	https://aprs.fi/info/a/GM4SLV-10

radio, aprs

Svxlink & Echolink

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 21:01:52 +0000

←SVXLink

Svxlink & Echolink

Revisiting the Analogue FM Voice Gateway

Svxlink Gateway Initial Setup

Trying not to re-invent the wheel

find saved Pi Image File for a previous Svxlink system
copy to a new SD Card and boot a spare Raspberry Pi with it
find and connect a modified CM108 sound-dongle - has PTT and SQL via the dongle's own GPIO
connect to 2m FM radio and test initial config
make any necessary config changes - e.g. MB7AZE → GM4SLV
set up audio levels using devcal
change to 9600 packet interface on 2m radio to remove radio pre/de emphasis and apply pre/de emphasis in Svxlink
set up audio levels again using devcal
Check connectivity to Echolink
- remember to Port Forward on ADSL router : UDP 5198 & 5199 → svxlink Pi's IP address
- consider using a private proxy on my VPS instead? Java JRE and Echolink Proxy

Pi Image File handling

R Pi Image files

Devcal

devcal
remember to sudo killall svxlink to ensure no daemon svxlink processes are running in the background
remember to adjust path to valid svxlink.conf file which will be different to this old example
Set for 3kHz deviation
remember to edit the config file(s) to change the RX Pre-amp and TX Master Gain settings to match those find using Deval

sudo devcal -r -m=3000 -d=3000 /etc/svxlink/svxlink_noel.conf Rx1

sudo devcal -t -m=3000 -d=3000 /etc/svxlink/svxlink_noel.conf Tx1

add the PRE_AMP and MASTER_GAIN settings to both svxlink_el.conf and svxlink_noel.conf

Config Files

One for Echolink Enabled
One for Echolink Disabled
Switch Echolink on/off via DTMF commands
- Edit Logic.tcl to give this functionality

/etc/svxlink/svxlink_el.conf

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
#                Configuration file for the SvxLink server                    #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
[GLOBAL]
#MODULE_PATH=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/svxlink
LOGICS=SimplexLogic
CFG_DIR=svxlink.d
TIMESTAMP_FORMAT="%c"
CARD_SAMPLE_RATE=48000
#CARD_CHANNELS=1
#LOCATION_INFO=LocationInfo
#LINKS=LinkToR4
 
[SimplexLogic]
TYPE=Simplex
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleParrot
CALLSIGN=GM4SLV
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=15
SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE=1
SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE=0
CW_AMP=-10
CW_PITCH=800
CW_WPM=20
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
#REPORT_CTCSS=77.0
#TX_CTCSS=ALWAYS
MACROS=Macros
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
ONLINE_CMD=998877
#MUTE_RX_ON_TX=1
#MUTE_TX_ON_RX=1
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/simplex_dtmf_ctrl
TIME_FORMAT=24
RGR_SOUND_ALWAYS=1
 
[RepeaterLogic]
TYPE=Repeater
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleParrot,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleTclVoiceMail
CALLSIGN=MYCALL
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=10
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
REPORT_CTCSS=136.5
#TX_CTCSS=SQL_OPEN
MACROS=Macros
#SEL5_MACRO_RANGE=03400,03499
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
#NO_REPEAT=1
IDLE_TIMEOUT=30
OPEN_ON_1750=1000
#OPEN_ON_CTCSS=136:2000
#OPEN_ON_DTMF=*
#OPEN_ON_SQL=5000
#OPEN_ON_SEL5=01234
#OPEN_SQL_FLANK=OPEN
#OPEN_ON_SQL_AFTER_RPT_CLOSE=10
IDLE_SOUND_INTERVAL=3000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MIN_TIME=1000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MAX_COUNT=10
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#IDENT_NAG_TIMEOUT=15
#IDENT_NAG_MIN_TIME=2000
#ONLINE_CMD=998877
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/repeater_dtmf_ctrl
 
[ReflectorLogic]
TYPE=Reflector
HOST=reflector.example.com
#PORT=5300
CALLSIGN="MYCALL"
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
#JITTER_BUFFER_DELAY=0
 
[LinkToR4]
CONNECT_LOGICS=RepeaterLogic:94:SK3AB,SimplexLogic:92:SK3CD
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
TIMEOUT=300
#AUTOACTIVATE_ON_SQL=RepeaterLogic
 
 
[QsoRecorder]
REC_DIR=/var/spool/svxlink/qso_recorder
#MIN_TIME=1000
MAX_TIME=3600
SOFT_TIME=300
MAX_DIRSIZE=1024
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
#TIMEOUT=300
#QSO_TIMEOUT=300
#ENCODER_CMD=/usr/bin/oggenc -Q \"%f\" && rm \"%f\"
 
[Voter]
TYPE=Voter
RECEIVERS=Rx1,Rx2,Rx3
VOTING_DELAY=200
BUFFER_LENGTH=0
#REVOTE_INTERVAL=1000
#HYSTERESIS=50
#SQL_CLOSE_REVOTE_DELAY=500
#RX_SWITCH_DELAY=500
#COMMAND_PTY=/dev/shm/voter_ctrl
 
[MultiTx]
TYPE=Multi
TRANSMITTERS=Tx1,Tx2,Tx3
 
[NetRx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.rx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[NetTx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.tx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[Rx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
SQL_DET=HIDRAW
SQL_START_DELAY=0
SQL_DELAY=0
SQL_HANGTIME=200
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME=1000
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME_THRESH=15
#SQL_TIMEOUT=600
VOX_FILTER_DEPTH=20
VOX_THRESH=1000
#CTCSS_MODE=2
CTCSS_FQ=77.0
#CTCSS_SNR_OFFSET=0
#CTCSS_OPEN_THRESH=15
#CTCSS_CLOSE_THRESH=9
#CTCSS_BPF_LOW=60
#CTCSS_BPF_HIGH=270
#SERIAL_PORT=/dev/ttyUSB0
#SERIAL_PIN=CTS
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=
#EVDEV_DEVNAME=/dev/input/by-id/usb-SYNIC_SYNIC_Wireless_Audio-event-if03
#EVDEV_OPEN=1,163,1
#EVDEV_CLOSE=1,163,0
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#GPIO_SQL_PIN=gpio25
#PTY_PATH=/tmp/rx1_sql
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_SQL_PIN=!VOL_DN
#SIGLEV_DET=TONE
SIGLEV_SLOPE=1
SIGLEV_OFFSET=0
#SIGLEV_BOGUS_THRESH=120
#TONE_SIGLEV_MAP=100,84,60,50,37,32,28,23,19,8
SIGLEV_OPEN_THRESH=30
SIGLEV_CLOSE_THRESH=10
DEEMPHASIS=1
#SQL_TAIL_ELIM=300
PREAMP=-1.5
#PEAK_METER=1
DTMF_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
DTMF_MUTING=1
DTMF_HANGTIME=40
DTMF_SERIAL=/dev/ttyS0
#DTMF_PTY=/tmp/rx1_dtmf
#DTMF_MAX_FWD_TWIST=8
#DTMF_MAX_REV_TWIST=4
#1750_MUTING=1
#SEL5_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
#SEL5_TYPE=ZVEI1
#FQ=433475000
#MODULATION=FM
#WBRX=WbRx1
 
[WbRx1]
#TYPE=RtlUsb
#DEV_MATCH=0
#HOST=localhost
#PORT=1234
#CENTER_FQ=435075000
#FQ_CORR=0
#GAIN=0
#PEAK_METER=1
#SAMPLE_RATE=960000
 
[Tx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
PTT_TYPE=Hidraw
#PTT_PORT=/dev/ttyS0
#PTT_PIN=HIDRAW
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_PTT_PIN=GPIO3
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=DTR!RTS
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#PTT_HANGTIME=1000
TIMEOUT=300
TX_DELAY=500
#CTCSS_FQ=136.5
#CTCSS_LEVEL=9
PREEMPHASIS=1
DTMF_TONE_LENGTH=100
DTMF_TONE_SPACING=50
DTMF_DIGIT_PWR=-15
MASTER_GAIN=-1.25
 
[LocationInfo]
#APRS_SERVER_LIST=euro.aprs2.net:14580
STATUS_SERVER_LIST=aprs.echolink.org:5199
LON_POSITION=1.25.30W
LAT_POSITION=60.17.18N
CALLSIGN=EL-GM4SLV
FREQUENCY=144.912
TX_POWER=5
ANTENNA_GAIN=0
ANTENNA_HEIGHT=2m
ANTENNA_DIR=-1
#PATH=WIDE1-1
BEACON_INTERVAL=10
STATISTICS_INTERVAL=10
TONE=0
COMMENT=SvxLink
 
[Macros]
1=EchoLink:9999#
2=EchoLink:973498#
3=EchoLink:662666#

/etc/svxlink/svxlink_noel.conf

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
#                Configuration file for the SvxLink server                    #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
[GLOBAL]
#MODULE_PATH=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/svxlink
LOGICS=SimplexLogic
CFG_DIR=svxlink.d
TIMESTAMP_FORMAT="%c"
CARD_SAMPLE_RATE=48000
#CARD_CHANNELS=1
#LOCATION_INFO=LocationInfo
#LINKS=LinkToR4
 
[SimplexLogic]
TYPE=Simplex
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleParrot
CALLSIGN=GM4SLV
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=15
SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE=1
SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE=0
CW_AMP=-10
CW_PITCH=800
CW_WPM=20
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_GB
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
#REPORT_CTCSS=77.0
#TX_CTCSS=ALWAYS
MACROS=Macros
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
ONLINE_CMD=998877
#MUTE_RX_ON_TX=1
#MUTE_TX_ON_RX=1
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/simplex_dtmf_ctrl
TIME_FORMAT=24
RGR_SOUND_ALWAYS=1
 
[RepeaterLogic]
TYPE=Repeater
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleParrot,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleTclVoiceMail
CALLSIGN=MYCALL
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=10
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
REPORT_CTCSS=136.5
#TX_CTCSS=SQL_OPEN
MACROS=Macros
#SEL5_MACRO_RANGE=03400,03499
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
#NO_REPEAT=1
IDLE_TIMEOUT=30
OPEN_ON_1750=1000
#OPEN_ON_CTCSS=136:2000
#OPEN_ON_DTMF=*
#OPEN_ON_SQL=5000
#OPEN_ON_SEL5=01234
#OPEN_SQL_FLANK=OPEN
#OPEN_ON_SQL_AFTER_RPT_CLOSE=10
IDLE_SOUND_INTERVAL=3000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MIN_TIME=1000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MAX_COUNT=10
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#IDENT_NAG_TIMEOUT=15
#IDENT_NAG_MIN_TIME=2000
#ONLINE_CMD=998877
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/repeater_dtmf_ctrl
 
[ReflectorLogic]
TYPE=Reflector
HOST=reflector.example.com
#PORT=5300
CALLSIGN="MYCALL"
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
#JITTER_BUFFER_DELAY=0
 
[LinkToR4]
CONNECT_LOGICS=RepeaterLogic:94:SK3AB,SimplexLogic:92:SK3CD
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
TIMEOUT=300
#AUTOACTIVATE_ON_SQL=RepeaterLogic
 
 
[QsoRecorder]
REC_DIR=/var/spool/svxlink/qso_recorder
#MIN_TIME=1000
MAX_TIME=3600
SOFT_TIME=300
MAX_DIRSIZE=1024
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
#TIMEOUT=300
#QSO_TIMEOUT=300
#ENCODER_CMD=/usr/bin/oggenc -Q \"%f\" && rm \"%f\"
 
[Voter]
TYPE=Voter
RECEIVERS=Rx1,Rx2,Rx3
VOTING_DELAY=200
BUFFER_LENGTH=0
#REVOTE_INTERVAL=1000
#HYSTERESIS=50
#SQL_CLOSE_REVOTE_DELAY=500
#RX_SWITCH_DELAY=500
#COMMAND_PTY=/dev/shm/voter_ctrl
 
[MultiTx]
TYPE=Multi
TRANSMITTERS=Tx1,Tx2,Tx3
 
[NetRx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.rx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[NetTx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.tx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[Rx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
SQL_DET=HIDRAW
SQL_START_DELAY=0
SQL_DELAY=0
SQL_HANGTIME=200
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME=1000
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME_THRESH=15
#SQL_TIMEOUT=600
VOX_FILTER_DEPTH=20
VOX_THRESH=1000
#CTCSS_MODE=2
CTCSS_FQ=77.0
#CTCSS_SNR_OFFSET=0
#CTCSS_OPEN_THRESH=15
#CTCSS_CLOSE_THRESH=9
#CTCSS_BPF_LOW=60
#CTCSS_BPF_HIGH=270
#SERIAL_PORT=/dev/ttyUSB0
#SERIAL_PIN=CTS
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=
#EVDEV_DEVNAME=/dev/input/by-id/usb-SYNIC_SYNIC_Wireless_Audio-event-if03
#EVDEV_OPEN=1,163,1
#EVDEV_CLOSE=1,163,0
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#GPIO_SQL_PIN=gpio25
#PTY_PATH=/tmp/rx1_sql
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_SQL_PIN=!VOL_DN
#SIGLEV_DET=TONE
SIGLEV_SLOPE=1
SIGLEV_OFFSET=0
#SIGLEV_BOGUS_THRESH=120
#TONE_SIGLEV_MAP=100,84,60,50,37,32,28,23,19,8
SIGLEV_OPEN_THRESH=30
SIGLEV_CLOSE_THRESH=10
DEEMPHASIS=1
#SQL_TAIL_ELIM=300
PREAMP=-1.5
#PEAK_METER=1
DTMF_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
DTMF_MUTING=1
DTMF_HANGTIME=40
DTMF_SERIAL=/dev/ttyS0
#DTMF_PTY=/tmp/rx1_dtmf
#DTMF_MAX_FWD_TWIST=8
#DTMF_MAX_REV_TWIST=4
#1750_MUTING=1
#SEL5_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
#SEL5_TYPE=ZVEI1
#FQ=433475000
#MODULATION=FM
#WBRX=WbRx1
 
[WbRx1]
#TYPE=RtlUsb
#DEV_MATCH=0
#HOST=localhost
#PORT=1234
#CENTER_FQ=435075000
#FQ_CORR=0
#GAIN=0
#PEAK_METER=1
#SAMPLE_RATE=960000
 
[Tx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
PTT_TYPE=Hidraw
#PTT_PORT=/dev/ttyS0
#PTT_PIN=HIDRAW
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_PTT_PIN=GPIO3
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=DTR!RTS
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#PTT_HANGTIME=1000
TIMEOUT=300
TX_DELAY=500
#CTCSS_FQ=136.5
#CTCSS_LEVEL=9
PREEMPHASIS=1
DTMF_TONE_LENGTH=100
DTMF_TONE_SPACING=50
DTMF_DIGIT_PWR=-15
MASTER_GAIN=-1.25
 
[LocationInfo]
APRS_SERVER_LIST=euro.aprs2.net:14580
STATUS_SERVER_LIST=aprs.echolink.org:5199
LON_POSITION=1.25.30W
LAT_POSITION=60.17.18N
CALLSIGN=EL-GM4SLV
FREQUENCY=144.9125
TX_POWER=1
ANTENNA_GAIN=0
ANTENNA_HEIGHT=1m
ANTENNA_DIR=-1
#PATH=WIDE1-1
#BEACON_INTERVAL=60
TONE=77
COMMENT=SvxLink by SM0SVX (www.svxlink.org)
 
[Macros]
1=EchoLink:9999#
2=EchoLink:973498#
3=EchoLink:662666#

/etc/svxlink/svxlink.d/ModuleEchoLink.conf

[ModuleEchoLink]
NAME=EchoLink
ID=2
TIMEOUT=60
#ALLOW_IP=192.168.1.0/24
#DROP_INCOMING=^()$
#REJECT_INCOMING=^()$
#ACCEPT_INCOMING=^(.*)$
#REJECT_OUTGOING=^()$
#ACCEPT_OUTGOING=^(.*)$
#REJECT_CONF=0
#CHECK_NR_CONNECTS=2,300,120
SERVERS=servers.echolink.org
CALLSIGN=GM4SLV-L
PASSWORD=XXXXXXXXX
SYSOPNAME=John
LOCATION=[Svx] Shetland
PROXY_SERVER=my.vps.host.name
PROXY_PORT=8100
PROXY_PASSWORD=my_proxy_password
#BIND_ADDR=10.20.30.40
MAX_QSOS=5
MAX_CONNECTIONS=6
LINK_IDLE_TIMEOUT=900
#AUTOCON_ECHOLINK_ID=9999
#AUTOCON_TIME=1200
#USE_GSM_ONLY=1
#DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
#COMMAND_PTY=/dev/shm/echolink_ctrl
DESCRIPTION="You have connected to a SvxLink node,\n"

/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.d/local

Edit the section proc dtmf_cmd_received {cmd} to add the stanzas that run external bash scripts to stop and restart svxlink with different config files

#
# Executed when a DTMF command has been received
#   cmd - The command
#
# Return 1 to hide the command from further processing is SvxLink or
# return 0 to make SvxLink continue processing as normal.
#
# This function can be used to implement your own custom commands or to disable
# DTMF commands that you do not want users to execute.
proc dtmf_cmd_received {cmd} {
  #global active_module

  # Example: Ignore all commands starting with 3 in the EchoLink module.
  #          Allow commands that have four or more digits.
  #if {$active_module == "EchoLink"} {
  #  if {[string length $cmd] < 4 && [string index $cmd 0] == "3"} {
  #    puts "Ignoring random connect command for module EchoLink: $cmd"
  #    return 1
  #  }
  #}

  # Handle the "force core command" mode where a command is forced to be
  # executed by the core command processor instead of by an active module.
  # The "force core command" mode is entered by prefixing a command by a star.
  #if {$active_module != "" && [string index $cmd 0] != "*"} {
  #  return 0
  #}
  #if {[string index $cmd 0] == "*"} {
  #  set cmd [string range $cmd 1 end]
  #}

  # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 99 is received
  if {$cmd == "99"} {
    puts "Executing external command"
    playMsg "Core" "online"
    exec /home/gm4slv/svx_noel.sh &
    return 1
  }
  # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 99 is received
  if {$cmd == "98"} {
    puts "Executing external command"
    playMsg "Core" "online"
    exec /home/gm4slv/svx_el.sh &
    return 1
  }
 
  return 0
}

start with echolink : svx_el.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
CFG=/etc/svxlink/svxlink_el.conf
LOG=/home/gm4slv/svxlink.log
 
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
 
sudo svxlink --daemon --logfile=$LOG --config=$CFG
exit 0

start without echolink : svx_noel.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
CFG=/etc/svxlink/svxlink_noel.conf
LOG=/home/gm4slv/svxlink.log
 
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
 
sudo svxlink --daemon --logfile=$LOG --config=$CFG
exit 0

crontab entry to start with echolink enabled at boot time

@reboot sleep 30 && sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/svx_el.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

Catch up with git version

The version of svxlink running on this Pi was self-compiled from the GIT repository
- Update to latest version from GIT
I decided to pull & compile the latest version so I simply followed the instructions I'd put on the above wiki page and all went smoothly (if slowly)

DTMF Commands

Old info SVXLink : DTMF commands
Ignore Reflector commands - I am not (yet) connected to the SVX Reflector http://svxportal-uk.ddns.net:81/index.php

`*#`	System Status
`0#`	Help Module
`1#`	Parrot Module
`2#`	Echolink Module

`#`	De-activate module

Echolink Module

`<node number>#`	Connect to `<node number>`
`0#`	Play the help message
`1#`	List all connected stations
`2#`	Play local EchoLink node id
`31#`	Connect to a random link or repeater
`32#`	Connect to a random conference
`4#`	Reconnect to the last disconnected station
`50#`	Deactivate listen only mode
`51#`	Activate listen only mode
`6*#`	Use the connect by callsign feature
`#`	If connected = Disconnect, otherwise = Deactivate Echolink module

https://github.com/sm0svx/svxlink/wiki/ModuleEchoLink

Macros

`D1#`	Echolink	9999	Echotest
`D2#`	Echolink	973498	M0HOY-L	Hubnet
`D3#`	Echolink	662666	M0JKT-L	FreeStar

Sound files

use en_US when echolink is enabled
- this is also needed for reflector when it's re-enabled, as the US files also have the additional reflector sound samples
use en_GB when echolink is disable
easy to tell from status *# which is active!

Proxy

after consideration….
I decided to use my VPS-hosted echolink proxy
- remove port forwards on home router for UDP/5198 & UDP/5199
- open port TPC/8100 for only my home IP address on VPS
  - this means only one IP address can reach the Proxy on port TCP/8100
- open ports UDP/5198 & UDP/5199 for anywhere on VPS
- edit echolink proxy config on VPS to allow only GM4SLV-L to connect
  - this means only one callsign can connect to the proxy
- start proxy in a tmux session, using bash script on VPS
- edit ModuleEchoLink.conf on svxlink pi to use the proxy
- restart svx_el.sh

PROXY_SERVER=my.vps.host.name
PROXY_PORT=8100
PROXY_PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxx

— John Pumford-Green 06/04/24 07:09

LAST MODIFIED : 01/01/70 01:00 BST

Further Information

radio, svxlink

VHF / HF Xgate 2024

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 20:38:12 +0000

←HF / VHF Xgate

VHF / HF Xgate 2024

Revisiting an old project

Previously...

VHF / HF X-Gate Project

DTMF Commands on VHF Port

DTMF Commands

Function	Command	Comment
Log on	0#
Log off	99#
Set Frequency	*1fffff#	ffff.f kHz
Set Channel	*1xxxx#	mem chan xxxx
Set Mode USB	*21#
Set Mode LSB	*22#
Set Mode AM	*23#
Set TX Power Low	*41#	15W
Set TX Power Medium	*42#	50W
Set TX Power High	*43#	100W
QSY Down 0.5kHz	*5#
QSY Up 0.5kHz	*6#
Monitor HF	*7#	5 seconds
Monitor HF	*7xx#	xx seconds
Monitor HF	71#	(Duplex Mode) Continuous Monitor ON
Monitor HF	70#	(Duplex Mode) Continuous Monitor OFF
ATU Tune	*8#
Status	*9#
S-Meter	*91#
Full Status	*93#
Talkthrough ON	*01#
Talkthrough OFF	*00#

Plans for 2024

Re-install all the hardware:
- IC-M710
- Raspberry Pi X-Gate controller
- X-Gate Interface with syllabic squelch and DTMF decoder
Test in full-duplex VHF/UHF mode to identify any issues that need addressing to bring back to normal function
Suspend or stop completely VHF APRS to free up V/UHF for X-Gate
Test remote operation from Vehicle - V/UHF coverage is unlikely to be very good…
Revisit Python code if necessary to add/remove features.
Actually have real QSOs on HF using the X-Gate!

2024 Progress

23/3/24

Connected X-Gate Interface, R.Pi controller, IC-M710 and FT8900
Initial problem with crashing due to USB problems on R.Pi causing USB/Serial adaptor (for control of IC-M710) to fail - this was cured by using different 5V USB power supply.
Speech clipper removed from HF TX audio path due to distortion and poor audio quality.
HF Audio drive level set to give correct HF SSB Power out
Web server status page available by port forwarding at http://gm4slv.plus.com:42109/
VHF uplink changed to split-band
- Input : 144.650MHz
- Output: 435.400MHz
- This allows control even when in permanent “Monitor” or “Talkthrough”
- Enabled a 15-minute CW ident on the UHF port which identifies with my callsign and the current HF frequency/mode.

TMUX Session

Xgate software runs in a Tmux session with 3 panes
- Xgate software - printing commands etc. from the running controller code
- Relay control - independantly control various Xgate relays (PTT, Monitor, Mute, CW tone) directly, while main xgate is running.
- a shell for editing code etc.

24/3/24 : Thoughts....

Is the “HF Channel” 4-digit input selection really of any value?
- It requires memorizing channel numbers and saves entering only one or two digits.
- Will probably drop this function unless I find a use for it soon.
- Perhaps change to 2-digit channels and limit to a few frequently used frequency/mode combinations?

The current channels are: Memory Dictionary (4 digits)

mem_dict = {
        "0101" : ["1942.0", "LSB"],
        "0102" : ["1933.0", "LSB"],
        "0103" : ["1957.0", "LSB"],
        "0104" : ["1985.0", "LSB"],
        "0105" : ["1966.0", "LSB"],
        "0301" : ["3773.0", "LSB"],
        "0302" : ["3760.0", "LSB"],
        "0303" : ["3615.0", "AM"],
        "0501" : ["5276.0","USB"],
        "0502" : ["5279.0","USB"],
        "0503" : ["5298.0","USB"],
        "0504" : ["5301.0","USB"],
        "0505" : ["5304.0","USB"],
        "0506" : ["5317.0","AM"],
        "0507" : ["5320.0", "USB"],
        "0508" : ["5333.0", "USB"],
        "0509" : ["5354.0", "USB"],
        "0510" : ["5363.0", "USB"],
        "0511" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "0512" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0513" : ["5378.0", "USB"],
        "0514" : ["5395.0", "USB"],
        "0515" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "0516" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0521" : ["5258.5", "USB"],
        "0522" : ["5278.5", "USB"],
        "0523" : ["5288.5", "USB"],
        "0524" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "0525" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0526" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "0527" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0531" : ["5330.5", "USB"],
        "0532" : ["5346.5", "USB"],
        "0533" : ["5357.0", "USB"],
        "0534" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0535" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0591" : ["5450.0", "USB"],
        "0592" : ["5505.0", "USB"],
        "0701" : ["7160.0", "LSB"],
        "1091" : ["10051.0", "USB"]
        }

Initial try at 2-digit memory channels

mem_dict = {
 
        "01" : ["5279.0","USB"],
        "02" : ["5320.0", "USB"],
        "03" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "04" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "05" : ["5378.0", "USB"],
        "06" : ["5395.0", "USB"],
        "07" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "08" : ["5450.0", "USB"],
        "09" : ["5505.0", "USB"],
        "10" : ["7160.0", "LSB"],
        }

One change in main xgate code:

 if len(command_two[2:]) == 4:

becomes

 if len(command_two[2:]) == 2:

                elif command_two[:2] == "*1":
                    write_file("Frequency / Memory")
                    #if len(command_two[2:]) == 4:
                    if len(command_two[2:]) == 2:
                        new_freq = float(mem_dict[command_two[2:]][0])
                        new_mode = mem_dict[command_two[2:]][1]
                        write_file("Memory Channel selected %s" % mem_dict[command_two[2:]])
                        set_frequency(new_freq)
                        set_mode(new_mode)
                        write_status("freq",str(new_freq))
                        write_status("mode",new_mode)
                    else:
                        new_freq = float(command_two[2:])/10
                        set_frequency(new_freq)
                        write_status("freq",str(new_freq))

modified main xgate code to be able to start in simplex or duplex mode by the choice of commandline argument:
- for simplex (single frequency/band uplink/downlink) which will disable the continuous monitor function to avoid getting locked out →

./xgate_current.py s

for duplex (separate uplink and downlink bands) which will enable the continuous monitor function, as it is always possible to send a command on the uplink band while the downlink is transmitting →

./xgate_current.py d

I've updated the mercurial repository - added new files, committed recent changes and made a clone of it on the shack laptop - in Dropbox (which might be a bad idea?)

There's another page about simple Mercurial , as an aid to remembering how to do it each time.

24/3/24

xgate_m710.zip

Xgate scripts

Mobile Cross-band repeat access

29/3/24

If the X-gate is set to simplex mode (single band control) on VHF it should be possible to access the system via a mobile cross-band repeater from a low power UHF handheld.

This extends the range of the local VHF network.

If you are within UHF simplex range of the V/UHF cross-band repeater (usually vehicle mounted) and the vehicle is located within VHF range of the X-Gate (e.g. on a suitable distant hill-top) it should be possible to access the X-Gate and log in/change frequency etc. and to operate through it on HF, from the UHF side of the vehicle's Cross-Band repeater.

I am beginning tests on this using a TM-D710 mobile and TH-D72 handheld.

From the RSGB Band Plan

144.500 MHz Image Modes (SSTV, Fax etc)
144.600 MHz Data Centre of Activity (MGM, RTTY etc)
433.8000-434.2500 MHz Digital communications & Experiments

On 2m an appropriate place seems to be between 144.500 and 144.600, where there don't seem to be any prior centre-of-activity channels carved out.

I'll use 144.575MHz.

On 70cm an appropriate place seems to be between 433.800 and 434.250 - experiments

I'll use 433.825MHz

X-Gate uplink changed to Simplex : 144.575MHz

Talkthrough Watchdog Timer

I found an old piece of the python code I'd written that adds a Talkthrough Timeout to the X-Gate. It detects the commencement of a Talkthrough period and starts a timer. The timeout of this watchdog is set in the code, as is a pre-timeout warning time.

At the end of the warning time the VHF port sends “di-dit” every 20 seconds superimposed over the talkthrough (HF Receive) audio, to warn the VHF user(s) that the talkthrough will terminate soon.

At the end of the timeout period the Talkthrough is turned off and the system returns to it's quiescent state.

The Barrett 2062 Crossgate has a 10 minute inactivity timeout, which closes the cross-connection (talkthrough) after 10 minutes with no user activity.

My X-Gate doesn't take into consideration user activity, as the VHF→HF PTT does not get monitored by the X-Gate, so it is not currently possible to quantify “user inactivity”, by observing if there's any traffic on the VHF port. The Watchdog as it stands is a safety precaution against talkthrough getting locked up in transmit (in either direction).

After a timeout it's a simple matter of logging in again via VHF DTMF and re-starting talkthrough if it's still required. The “warning pips” give notice that this action is soon to be needed. If talkthrough is no longer needed then no further action is required.

Ideas

Make the Watchdog timer user switchable - be able to disable it if required.

Added new DTMF Commands “Timeout on” = * 3 1 #, “Timeout off” = * 3 0 #
Use these to write to the “status” file
The watchdog process can check the status file to decide whether to take action or not
Tested and it works as expected

Problems

29/3/24

Found that the IC-M710 HF radio has poor receive sensitivity - well below spec. 12dB SINAD should be at 0.5uV but it needs more like 3uV (or more) which is quite poor
X-Gate taken out of use until I can either repair the IC-M710 or make up connections to use the IC-7200. The latter needs a 13-pin DIN plug for the rear panel ACC socket.

Further Information

GM4SLV XGate

Status Page

http://gm4slv.plus.com:42109/

radio, xgate

VHF / HF X-Gate Project

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 20:28:47 +0000

←HF / VHF Xgate

VHF / HF X-Gate Project

my interpretation of the Barrett Radio 2062 Crossgate
HF port has syllabic squelch for better detection of SSB speech signals
VHF port has DTMF decoder for control commands
Raspberry Pi running a Python application handles control of HF radio via NMEA and of talkthrough functions etc. via GPIO
DTMF commands for control of Icom IC-M710 : Frequency, Mode (USB/LSB/AM), Power (20W/50W/100W), ATU Tune cycle
DTMF control of talk-through (HF transceive) or monitor (HF Receive) functions
Morse Code (CW) revertives over VHF port to read back parameters such as HF radio frequency, mode, power etc.
Built in Webserver for status display http://gm4slv.plus.com:42109/
Python code is ~~here on GitHub~~
X-Gate will run in dumb talkthrough mode if Raspberry Pi controller is removed
Operation of uplink port in full duplex on VHF and UHF is possible, to enable access regardless of state of talkthrough.

DTMF Commands

Function	Command	Comment
Log on	0#
Log off	99#
Set Frequency	*1fffff#	ffff.f kHz
Set Channel	*1xxxx#	mem chan xxxx
Set Mode USB	*21#
Set Mode LSB	*22#
Set Mode AM	*23#
Set TX Power Low	*41#	15W
Set TX Power Medium	*42#	50W
Set TX Power High	*43#	100W
QSY Down 0.5kHz	*5#
QSY Up 0.5kHz	*6#
Monitor HF	*7#	5 seconds
Monitor HF	*7xx#	xx seconds
Monitor HF	71#	(Duplex Mode) Continuous Monitor ON
Monitor HF	70#	(Duplex Mode) Continuous Monitor OFF
ATU Tune	*8#
Status	*9#
S-Meter	*91#
Full Status	*93#
Talkthrough ON	*01#
Talkthrough OFF	*00#

Further Information

Barrett 2062 Brochure	2062_cross_gate_brochure_english.pdf
Barrett 2062 Manual	barrett-2062-hf-vhf-uhf-crossgate-operation-manual-12.pdf

new developments…. VHF / HF Xgate 2024

—- John Pumford-Green Wed May 4 17:22:37 2022

Page Updated : 04/06/26 21:28 BST

radio, hf, vhf, python, pi, xgate

Yaddnet Migration

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←YaDDNet

Yaddnet Migration

My http://www.yaddnet.org DSC database originally ran on various machines in my shack at home. It was migrated to a server donated for the purpose - located in Las Vegas, in 2019. This document records the steps needed to transfer everything and get it running on the new Virtual Private Server. In case it ever needs doing again in future this will help jog my memory of what's involved.

Moving YaddNet to a Virtual Server in the Clouds

Created Thursday 24 October 2019

Server IP: 64.235.39.127

Create SQL database

UPDATE 13/04/24

MIGRATING TO A NEW UBUNTU 20.4 VPS REQUIRED THE FOLLOWING

https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-root-password-in-mysql-8-on-ubuntu-linux/

The original Process

1) sort out passwordless root access to MySQL

add skip-grant-tables to end of config file:

(such as….)

/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

restart mysqld

$ mysql -u root
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '';
mysql>quit;

remove skip-grant-tables from /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

restart mysqld

2) create blank/empty yadd database

$ mysql -u root

mysql> create database yadd;
mysql> quit;

2a) scp migrate tarfile to remote server

and wait….

2b) untar migrate tarfile

3) use saved schema file to create the tables:

$ mysql -u root yadd < schema.sql

4) import the full database backup:

$ mysql -u root yadd < yadd_xxxxx.sql

and wait……. and wait……

5) test all the data is there…!

Create Web site

6) extract yaddnet files from tarball

7) extract html files into /var/www/

8) permissions/ownership of /var/www/html ? Not Needed

9) apache “sites-enabled” - change virtual server's port? Not needed

Configure auto-start of Input servers

10) /etc/rc.local command to start tmux session

sleep 60; su USER -c /home/USER/yaddnet/tmux_yadd.sh &

11) start tmux session and see if it's working…

12) fire some test packets at it from uCoastTester.py

13) crontab entries

15 */4 * * * /home/USER/yaddnet/purge_err.sh > /dev/null 
* * * * * /home/USER/yaddnet/purge_tmp.sh > /dev/null

Tweaks

14) Character encoding for pages

edit /etc/php/7.2/apache2/php.ini

change default_charset from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1:

default_charset = "ISO-8859-1"

This renders “degree” signs etc. on web pages correctly.

15) mysql config

add to /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.conf

sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

restart mysql

This (among other things) allows the group-by queries to work.

16) Open firewalld UDP port 4530 for DSCDecoder (and close unneeded port 9999)

firewall-cmd --permanent --service=yadd --add-port=4530/udp

firewall-cmd --permanent --service=yadd --remove-port=9999/udp

firewall-cmd --complete-reload

Firewall Config - note 21/5/22

While creating this Wiki page, from a previous note in ZimWiki, I wondered about the firewall config, as it appears I didn't explicitly open UDP/50666 for YaDD's traffic, but I added udp/4530 for DSCDecoder.

Looking at /etc/firewalld/services/yadd.xml I see:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<service>
  <short>yadd</short>
  <description>YaDD Service</description>
  <port port="50666" protocol="udp"/>
  <port port="4530" protocol="udp"/>
</service>

so 50666 must have been added when the VPS was built (not my me). I guess I asked for it when the offer to provide the VPS was made, but forgot about DSCDecoder until later.

Get Domain Name

16) Buy domain yaddnet.org from “fasthosts.co.uk” and set DNS record to point host www.yaddnet.org to the new server IP address

£10.79 per year, auto-renew via PayPal.

UPDATE 18/11/19

Received an email from kb7ypf@yahoo.com:

“I have been using yaDD 1.7.1 monitoring and logging GMDSS signals. I have been using it for about two weeks. This morning when I started yaDD it worked great, as usual, however, when I went to the web and accessed the message logging page, I got this message: “Failed to connect to MySQL: Access denied for user 'root'@localhost' …….”

Unattended-Upgrade breaks MySQL

I confirmed the same symptoms…

but it was working this morning?!

SSH'd into the server and couldn't access mysql from the commandline, either, same error.

This reminded me of the behaviour of a “stock” mysql server before doing the steps in 1) above.

Found an entry in /var/log/apt/history.log from 06:25 PST (14:25 UTC)

Start-Date: 2019-11-18  06:25:08
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: mysql-server-5.7:amd64 (5.7.27-0ubuntu0.18.04.1, 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.18.04.4), mysql-server-core-5.7:amd64 (5.7.27-0ubuntu0.18.04.1, 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.18.04.4)
End-Date: 2019-11-18  06:25:29

Looks like “unattended-upgrade” has upgraded mysql, and also reset the normal permissions/privileges. Bloody Hell!

stop mysql
edit mysqld.cnf to add “skip-grant-tables”
start mysql
log in to mysql “mysql -u root”

$ mysql -u root
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '';
mysql>quit;

stop mysql
remove “skip-grant-tables” from mysqd.cnf
start mysql
test…

looks like we lost about 1 hour of DSC loggings while the SQL server refused to talk to us, from 14:25 UTC until ~15:30 UTC when I got it running normally again.

…..and relax!

going forward

Have 2 choices - remove unattended-upgrades package and lose all automatic security upgrades OR configure unattended-upgrades to blacklist mysql-server from upgrades.

https://wiki.debian.org/UnattendedUpgrades and https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates

has some helpful info… found where to blacklist individual packages….

service unattended-upgrades stop

edit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades to blacklist mysql

	// List of packages to not update (regexp are supported)
	Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Blacklist {
			"mysql-server";
			"mysql-server-5.7";
			"mysql-server-core-5.7";
	};

service unattended-upgrades start

check it's running:

gm4slv@lasvegas-nv-datacenter:~$ apt-config dump APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade

APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

hopefully that will sort it?

Page Updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

yaddnet, mysql, apache, linux

Formatting Syntax

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 04 Mar 2025 06:44:15 +0000

Formatting Syntax

DokuWiki supports some simple markup language, which tries to make the datafiles to be as readable as possible. This page contains all possible syntax you may use when editing the pages. Simply have a look at the source of this page by pressing “Edit this page”. If you want to try something, just use the playground page. The simpler markup is easily accessible via quickbuttons, too.

Basic Text Formatting

DokuWiki supports bold, italic, underlined and monospaced texts. Of course you can combine all these.

DokuWiki supports **bold**, //italic//, __underlined__ and ''monospaced'' texts.
Of course you can **__//''combine''//__** all these.

You can use _subscript and ^superscript, too.

You can use <sub>subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup>, too.

You can mark something as ~~deleted~~ as well.

You can mark something as <del>deleted</del> as well.

Paragraphs are created from blank lines. If you want to force a newline without a paragraph, you can use two backslashes followed by a whitespace or the end of line.

This is some text with some linebreaks
Note that the two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line
or followed by
a whitespace \\this happens without it.

This is some text with some linebreaks\\ Note that the
two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line\\
or followed by\\ a whitespace \\this happens without it.

You should use forced newlines only if really needed.

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DokuWiki supports multiple ways of creating links. External links are recognized
automagically: http://www.google.com or simply www.google.com - You can set
link text as well: [[http://www.google.com|This Link points to google]]. Email
addresses like this one: <andi@splitbrain.org> are recognized, too.

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Internal links are created by using square brackets. You can either just give
a [[pagename]] or use an additional [[pagename|link text]].

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For details about namespaces see namespaces.

Linking to a specific section is possible, too. Just add the section name behind a hash character as known from HTML. This links to this Section.

This links to [[syntax#internal|this Section]].

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Links to existing pages are shown in a different style from nonexisting ones.
DokuWiki does not use CamelCase to automatically create links by default, but this behavior can be enabled in the config file. Hint: If DokuWiki is a link, then it's enabled.
When a section's heading is changed, its bookmark changes, too. So don't rely on section linking too much.

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DokuWiki supports Interwiki links. These are quick links to other Wikis. For example this is a link to Wikipedia's page about Wikis: Wiki.

DokuWiki supports [[doku>Interwiki]] links. These are quick links to other Wikis.
For example this is a link to Wikipedia's page about Wikis: [[wp>Wiki]].

Windows Shares

Windows shares like this are recognized, too. Please note that these only make sense in a homogeneous user group like a corporate Intranet.

Windows Shares like [[\\server\share|this]] are recognized, too.

Notes:

For security reasons direct browsing of windows shares only works in Microsoft Internet Explorer per default (and only in the “local zone”).
For Mozilla and Firefox it can be enabled through different workaround mentioned in the Mozilla Knowledge Base. However, there will still be a JavaScript warning about trying to open a Windows Share. To remove this warning (for all users), put the following line in conf/lang/en/lang.php (more details at localization):
conf/lang/en/lang.php
```
<?php
/**
 * Customization of the english language file
 * Copy only the strings that needs to be modified
 */
$lang['js']['nosmblinks'] = '';
```

Image Links

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[[http://php.net|{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}]]

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The whole image and link syntax is supported (including image resizing, internal and external images and URLs and interwiki links).

Footnotes

You can add footnotes ¹⁾ by using double parentheses.

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Headline Level 3

Headline Level 4

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Real size:                        {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
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{{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
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{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?linkonly}}

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Another item

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Another item
1. Just use indention for deeper levels
That's it

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  * The second item
    * You may have different levels
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    - Just use indention for deeper levels
  - That's it

Also take a look at the FAQ on list items.

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Text to HTML Conversions

Typography: DokuWiki can convert simple text characters to their typographically correct entities. Here is an example of recognized characters.

→ ← ↔ ⇒ ⇐ ⇔ » « – — 640×480 © ™ ® “He thought 'It's a man's world'…”

-> <- <-> => <= <=> >> << -- --- 640x480 (c) (tm) (r)
"He thought 'It's a man's world'..."

The same can be done to produce any kind of HTML, it just needs to be added to the pattern file.

There are three exceptions which do not come from that pattern file: multiplication entity (640×480), 'single' and “double quotes”. They can be turned off through a config option.

Quoting

Some times you want to mark some text to show it's a reply or comment. You can use the following syntax:

I think we should do it

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>> Well, I say we should

> Really?

>> Yes!

>>> Then lets do it!

I think we should do it

No we shouldn't

Well, I say we should

Really?

Yes!

Then lets do it!

Tables

DokuWiki supports a simple syntax to create tables.

Heading 1	Heading 2	Heading 3
Row 1 Col 1	Row 1 Col 2	Row 1 Col 3
Row 2 Col 1	some colspan (note the double pipe)
Row 3 Col 1	Row 3 Col 2	Row 3 Col 3

Table rows have to start and end with a | for normal rows or a ^ for headers.

^ Heading 1      ^ Heading 2       ^ Heading 3          ^
| Row 1 Col 1    | Row 1 Col 2     | Row 1 Col 3        |
| Row 2 Col 1    | some colspan (note the double pipe) ||
| Row 3 Col 1    | Row 3 Col 2     | Row 3 Col 3        |

To connect cells horizontally, just make the next cell completely empty as shown above. Be sure to have always the same amount of cell separators!

Vertical tableheaders are possible, too.

	Heading 1	Heading 2
Heading 3	Row 1 Col 2	Row 1 Col 3
Heading 4	no colspan this time
Heading 5	Row 2 Col 2	Row 2 Col 3

As you can see, it's the cell separator before a cell which decides about the formatting:

|              ^ Heading 1            ^ Heading 2          ^
^ Heading 3    | Row 1 Col 2          | Row 1 Col 3        |
^ Heading 4    | no colspan this time |                    |
^ Heading 5    | Row 2 Col 2          | Row 2 Col 3        |

You can have rowspans (vertically connected cells) by adding ::: into the cells below the one to which they should connect.

Heading 1	Heading 2	Heading 3
Row 1 Col 1	this cell spans vertically	Row 1 Col 3
Row 2 Col 1		Row 2 Col 3
Row 3 Col 1		Row 2 Col 3

Apart from the rowspan syntax those cells should not contain anything else.

^ Heading 1      ^ Heading 2                  ^ Heading 3          ^
| Row 1 Col 1    | this cell spans vertically | Row 1 Col 3        |
| Row 2 Col 1    | :::                        | Row 2 Col 3        |
| Row 3 Col 1    | :::                        | Row 2 Col 3        |

You can align the table contents, too. Just add at least two whitespaces at the opposite end of your text: Add two spaces on the left to align right, two spaces on the right to align left and two spaces at least at both ends for centered text.

Table with alignment
right	center	left
left	right	center
xxxxxxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxxxxxx

This is how it looks in the source:

^           Table with alignment           ^^^
|         right|    center    |left          |
|left          |         right|    center    |
| xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx |

Note: Vertical alignment is not supported.

No Formatting

If you need to display text exactly like it is typed (without any formatting), enclose the area either with <nowiki> tags or even simpler, with double percent signs %%.

This is some text which contains addresses like this: http://www.splitbrain.org and **formatting**, but nothing is done with it. The same is true for //__this__ text// with a smiley ;-).

<nowiki>
This is some text which contains addresses like this: http://www.splitbrain.org and **formatting**, but nothing is done with it.
</nowiki>
The same is true for %%//__this__ text// with a smiley ;-)%%.

Code Blocks

You can include code blocks into your documents by either indenting them by at least two spaces (like used for the previous examples) or by using the tags <code> or <file>.

This is text is indented by two spaces.

This is preformatted code all spaces are preserved: like              <-this

This is pretty much the same, but you could use it to show that you quoted a file.

Those blocks were created by this source:

  This is text is indented by two spaces.

<code>
This is preformatted code all spaces are preserved: like              <-this
</code>

<file>
This is pretty much the same, but you could use it to show that you quoted a file.
</file>

Syntax Highlighting

DokuWiki can highlight sourcecode, which makes it easier to read. It uses the GeSHi Generic Syntax Highlighter – so any language supported by GeSHi is supported. The syntax uses the same code and file blocks described in the previous section, but this time the name of the language syntax to be highlighted is included inside the tag, e.g. <code java> or <file java>.

/**
 * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that
 * simply displays "Hello World!" to the standard output.
 */
class HelloWorldApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello World!"); //Display the string.
    }
}

The following language strings are currently recognized: 4cs 6502acme 6502kickass 6502tasm 68000devpac abap actionscript3 actionscript ada aimms algol68 apache applescript apt_sources arm asm asp asymptote autoconf autohotkey autoit avisynth awk bascomavr bash basic4gl batch bf biblatex bibtex blitzbasic bnf boo caddcl cadlisp ceylon cfdg cfm chaiscript chapel cil c_loadrunner clojure c_mac cmake cobol coffeescript c cpp cpp-qt cpp-winapi csharp css cuesheet c_winapi dart dcl dcpu16 dcs delphi diff div dos dot d ecmascript eiffel email epc e erlang euphoria ezt f1 falcon fo fortran freebasic freeswitch fsharp gambas gdb genero genie gettext glsl gml gnuplot go groovy gwbasic haskell haxe hicest hq9plus html html4strict html5 icon idl ini inno intercal io ispfpanel java5 java javascript jcl j jquery julia kixtart klonec klonecpp kotlin latex lb ldif lisp llvm locobasic logtalk lolcode lotusformulas lotusscript lscript lsl2 lua m68k magiksf make mapbasic mathematica matlab mercury metapost mirc mk-61 mmix modula2 modula3 mpasm mxml mysql nagios netrexx newlisp nginx nimrod nsis oberon2 objc objeck ocaml-brief ocaml octave oobas oorexx oracle11 oracle8 oxygene oz parasail parigp pascal pcre perl6 perl per pf phix php-brief php pic16 pike pixelbender pli plsql postgresql postscript povray powerbuilder powershell proftpd progress prolog properties providex purebasic pycon pys60 python qbasic qml q racket rails rbs rebol reg rexx robots roff rpmspec rsplus ruby rust sas sass scala scheme scilab scl sdlbasic smalltalk smarty spark sparql sql sshconfig standardml stonescript swift systemverilog tclegg tcl teraterm texgraph text thinbasic tsql twig typoscript unicon upc urbi uscript vala vbnet vb vbscript vedit verilog vhdl vim visualfoxpro visualprolog whitespace whois winbatch wolfram xbasic xml xojo xorg_conf xpp yaml z80 zxbasic

There are additional advanced options available for syntax highlighting, such as highlighting lines or adding line numbers.

Downloadable Code Blocks

When you use the <code> or <file> syntax as above, you might want to make the shown code available for download as well. You can do this by specifying a file name after language code like this:

<file php myexample.php>
<?php echo "hello world!"; ?>
</file>

myexample.php

<?php echo "hello world!"; ?>

If you don't want any highlighting but want a downloadable file, specify a dash (-) as the language code: <code - myfile.foo>.

RSS/ATOM Feed Aggregation

DokuWiki can integrate data from external XML feeds. For parsing the XML feeds, SimplePie is used. All formats understood by SimplePie can be used in DokuWiki as well. You can influence the rendering by multiple additional space separated parameters:

Parameter	Description
any number	will be used as maximum number items to show, defaults to 8
reverse	display the last items in the feed first
author	show item authors names
date	show item dates
description	show the item description. All HTML tags will be stripped
nosort	do not sort the items in the feed
n[dhm]	refresh period, where d=days, h=hours, m=minutes. (e.g. 12h = 12 hours).

The refresh period defaults to 4 hours. Any value below 10 minutes will be treated as 10 minutes. DokuWiki will generally try to supply a cached version of a page, obviously this is inappropriate when the page contains dynamic external content. The parameter tells DokuWiki to re-render the page if it is more than refresh period since the page was last rendered.

By default the feed will be sorted by date, newest items first. You can sort it by oldest first using the reverse parameter, or display the feed as is with nosort.

Example:

{{rss>http://slashdot.org/index.rss 5 author date 1h }}

Over 200 Economists Say 'We Must Act Now' On AI's Economic Impact by BeauHD (14/07/26 04:30 BST)
Microsoft Promises To Fix Search With Major Windows 11 Overhaul by BeauHD (14/07/26 00:00 BST)
US Government Warns That Russia State Hackers Are Coming After Your Router by BeauHD (13/07/26 23:00 BST)
German Firm Files For Insolvency After Cybercriminals Shut Down Production For 6 Weeks by BeauHD (13/07/26 22:12 BST)
States Sue to Block Paramount-Warner Bros Merger, Defying DOJ by BeauHD (13/07/26 21:00 BST)

Control Macros

Some syntax influences how DokuWiki renders a page without creating any output it self. The following control macros are availble:

Macro	Description
~~NOTOC~~	If this macro is found on the page, no table of contents will be created
~~NOCACHE~~	DokuWiki caches all output by default. Sometimes this might not be wanted (eg. when the <php> syntax above is used), adding this macro will force DokuWiki to rerender a page on every call

Syntax Plugins

DokuWiki's syntax can be extended by Plugins. How the installed plugins are used is described on their appropriate description pages. The following syntax plugins are available in this particular DokuWiki installation:

Blockquote Plugin 2020-09-27 by Anika Henke (previous author: Gina Haeussge)
Write quotations in a semantically correct way
Blog 2023-10-24 by Michael Hamann, Michael Klier, Gina Haeussge
Use DokuWiki as blogging tool. (previous authors: Esther Brunner)
catlist plugin 2023-12-16 by Félix Faisant
List pages and namespaces recursively
Changes Plugin 2023-12-14 by Andreas Gohr
List the most recent changes of the wiki
Cloud Plugin 2023-02-11 by Michael Hamann, Michael Klier, Gina Haeussge
Displays the most used words in a word cloud.
color syntax plugin 2022-10-19 by Harald Hanche-Olsen
Write colored text in DokuWiki.
Comment Syntax support 2022-01-01 by Satoshi Sahara
Allow to use source comment syntax to leave edit instructions of the page. Comments are visible only in the source view, not rendered as any page elements.
config:htmlok Plugin 2023-07-12 by Luis Machuca Bezzaza
Enables raw HTML like the old 'config:htmlok' behaviour.
discussion plugin 2025-07-04 by Michael Hamann, Gerrit Uitslag, Gina Häussge, Christopher Smith, Michael Klier, Esther Brunner, Matthias Schulte
Provides discussion funtionality for wiki pages
Encrypted Passwords Plugin 2023-12-20 by Andreas Gohr
This plugin let you store 256 bit AES encrypted passwords in your DokuWiki pages. The password can be decrypted by clicking them (Javascript must be enabled).
folded plugin 2023-07-22 by Michael Hamann, Fabian van-de-l_Isle, Christopher Smith, Esther Brunner
Foldable page sections
iframe plugin 2023-08-17 by Christopher Smith
Allows external URLs to be loaded into an iframe in your DokuWiki page.
include plugin 2025-07-22 by Michael Hamann, Gina Häussge, Christopher Smith, Michael Klier, Esther Brunner
Functions to include another page in a wiki page
Info Plugin 2020-06-04 by Andreas Gohr
Displays information about various DokuWiki internals
keyboard 2023-02-23 by Gina Häußge
The keyboard plugin provides a combined syntax and action plugin in order to markup text as keyboard keys, similar to (and making use of) the existing (X)HTML tag <kbd>…</kbd>. A quick button for the markup is automatically inserted into the toolbar of the edit form.
Lastmod Plugin 2016-02-03 by Dennis Ploeger
Displays the timestamp of the last modification of the current or another page.
log plugin 2019-02-27 by Adrian Lang
Provide simple logs
Note Plugin 2024-04-15 by Anael Mobilia
Add Note/Important/Tip/Warning Capability (DIV+CSS box)
nspages plugin 2024-11-22 by Guillaume Turri
Presents a toc of the selected namespace using <nspages>
Numbered Headings 2023-09-12 by Satoshi Sahara
Prepend tiered numbers as indexes for hierarchical headings
orphanswanted plugin 2023-05-30 by Doug Edmunds, Cyrille37, Federico Ariel Castagnini, Andy Webber, Matthias Schulte, Christian Paul, alexdraconian
Display Orphans, Wanteds and Valid link tables
Pagelist Plugin 2023-08-27 by Matthias Schulte, Michael Hamann, Michael Klier, Gina Haeussge
Lists pages in a nice formatted way
PageQuery Plugin 2025-03-04 by Mark C. Prins, previously Symon Bent
Search for (fulltext) and list wiki pages, sorted and optionally grouped by name, date, creator, abc, etc. in columns. Insert the pagequery markup wherever you want your list to appear. E.g.{{pagequery>[query;fulltext;sort=key:direction,key2:direction;group;limit=??;cols=?;inwords;proper]}} [..] = optional
tabbox plugin 2018-04-29 by Andreas Gohr
Insert a tabbed box in a page
Tag Plugin 2023-10-17 by Michael Hamann, Gina Häussge, Christopher Smith, Michael Klier, Esther Brunner
tag wiki pages
ToDo 2025-08-26 by Leo Eibler, Christian Marg, Markus Gschwendt, Robert Weinmeister
Create a checkbox based todo list with optional user assignment (basic syntax: <todo>This is a ToDo</todo>). It can also be used as a lightweight task list management system.
Wrap Plugin 2023-08-13 by Anika Henke
Universal plugin which combines functionalities of many other plugins. Wrap wiki text inside containers (divs or spans) and give them a class (choose from a variety of preset classes), a width and/or a language with its associated text direction.

¹⁾

This is a footnote

²⁾

when the aspect ratio of the given width and height doesn't match that of the image, it will be cropped to the new ratio before resizing

Becoming Teetotal

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 08:52:44 +0000

Becoming Teetotal

My 2nd time → “back to Teetotal”

I first tried a break from alcohol in 2016. For various reasons. I just wanted to stop drinking.

I'd read a few “sober blogs” and had been increasingly unhappy about how much I was drinking and how much mental energy I was expending on thinking about how to moderate it.

So I stopped. Just like that. It was easy, really.

Other people were the problem. Not the not drinking. People. It became obvious that drinkers just don't like a non-drinker - it makes them feel as though they're being judged, or makes them question their own relationship with alcohol. And they get uncomfortable.

I blogged about it for a while at https://makeittea.wordpress.com/ (don't look for it, it's long-gone) and I enjoyed the writing of the blog posts. And I enjoyed the positive feedback I got from the few people who read my posts.

I started drinking again in early 2017 - but regretted it. Regretted giving in.

After a heart-attack in 2018. After developing Rheumatoid Arthritis in 2019. Being on a bucket-load of medications. After the 2020 Covid-lockdown-shielding-wine-o'clock adventure.

After all that….

Enough was enough, and I stopped again in April 2021. Although I didn't do it in any ceremonial way. There was no “Today I stop drinking” watershed moment.

I decided to not drink one day, and then the next day I did the same… until after a few days I thought “I'm just going to keep this going….”. It took a few more days to realize that this was my chance to do it “properly”. I had sympathy and support this time. There wouldn't be the silent (and not-so-silent) peer-pressure.

This time, unlike the first time in 2016 (when I was doing it for no obvious reason and thus I was an annoyance to everyone around me) I was doing it with good, medical reasons.

And everyone forgave me now for being a teetotaler. I wasn't judging them after all, and I wasn't just being a martyr, wasn't being holier-than-thou….

If anything I was a poor victim.

“Health Reasons?”

“Can't drink because of your medications?”

“You poor thing!”

But if I'm honest, I gave up this time, in 2021, for the same reasons as my first try, 5 years earlier.

I wanted to stop & I enjoyed the peace and freedom of not drinking.

The new “Day One” was April 23^rd 2021, but I only know this because I've just checked back in my diary. I've had 5 sober Christmases, 5 sober Birthdays, 5 sober Wedding Anniversaries. 5 sober New Year's Eves.

Anyway…. back to blogging….

I found on the *Wayback Machine* one archived capture from my old long-deleted makeittea.wordpress.com blog and the capture has several of my posts.

I might make some new posts out the the recovered material from Wayback Machine and published them here….

makeittea

Music - A Return To An Old Hobby

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:45:07 +0000

Music - A Return To An Old Hobby

date: 2026-03-02 14:52

I used to play a lot of music - by this I mean actually play it myself, on instruments like mandolin, bodhran, guitar….

I first fiddled with guitar as a teenager. Badly. I had a cheap nylon strung “classical” guitar, and even for a while a very cheap and very, very nasty electric guitar.

When I went to University in 1984 I was already into folk music, as well as heavily into early Mike Oldfield. So I knew of the bodhran. I bought myself a basic model mandolin and found a guy who made bodhrans in a small workshop in Manchester. All I could afford was a very basic calf-skin bodhran but it was enough to get the hang of it.

I listened to a lot of Planxty, Bothy Band, Boys from the Lough, Andy Irvine etc. back then, all on vinyl. I still have the same vinyl albums and play them occasionally even now.

Here's a B&W photo of my stash of instruments from around 1986. I developed & printed it myself, using an enlarger a mate had borrowed & set up in the bathroom in his flat. I recently found the photo again, and put it in a clip frame and hung it in my den.

I later bought a better mandolin, and also got better goatskin bodhran from Hobgoblin Music.

I sold my 1st mandolin, and bodhran to a mate of mine. I think he still has them. I certainly still have my 2nd mandolin and bodhran.

While I was at UMIST, between 1984 and 1988 I used to drink in the Jolly Angler in Ducie Street. It was a backstreet Irish pub, but had no music session. I went to play pool with mates and drink copious quantities of Hyde's Anvil bitter (and at Christmas time their strong Winter Ale from a small barrel on the bar).

The landlord had a niece who at that time was doing her O levels and was struggling with maths. She was a mean piano accordion player too. We started a weekly maths tuition followed by a few tunes. I took my mandolin and she took her PA.

After a few weeks of this a few customers asked

“is this a regular session?”

“no, just us having a few tunes”

“is it ok if we join in next week? There's no good session on a Thursday nearby”

“ Yeah! that'd be fun”

and then it exploded from there.

More and more and more people came on a Thursday night. After only a few weeks I found I was well out of my depth, and stopped playing, or trying to play. I'd learned a few new tunes in the first few weeks of the session but then found all I could do was sit and watch and listen.

But I still played mandolin for my own amusement. I wasn't particularly good, but I enjoyed it.

There have been various instruments over the years since then.

Later, after leaving UMIST and getting a job I bought myself a bouzouki from Hobgoblin too.

My parents had found an old Hohner Double-Ray Black-Dot in B/C at an antiques fair which I later bought by visiting the guy's house in Cramlington (nr. Newcastle) while we were visiting.

The story of this is on my old, old website which I recently uncovered…

https://g4slv.info/website/pages/music.htm

I then bought a 2nd hand Saltarelle “Le Bouebe” melodeon in D/G in around 2002, and later a Castagnari Lilly melodeon for my 40th birthday in 2006. I later sold the Lilly, as I wasn't playing it enough to justify keeping it.

I still have the Saltarelle. But I rarely ever take it out and play it any more.

Here's an old photo of me in the Westings, Shetland.

I got to be “ok” on melodeon - but nothing better then “ok”.

In fact I've never got better than “ok” on anything, in the 45+ years of my trying to play.

I didn't have a guitar for several years and during Covid lockdown in 2020 I bought a cheap classical guitar (Yamaha C40) and spent a lot of time while isolated at home trying to learn proper classical guitar. I followed some of the excellent courses by Bradford Werner https://www.thisisclassicalguitar.com/start-here/. When life returned to normal I stopped studying, but I'd already found some physical problems with my wrists and hands due to the Rheumatoid Arthritis. I still noodle on the guitar, but I can't see me being able to really immerse myself in learning it properly.

I also bought a Treble Recorder last year and then neglected to do anything about it. I'd played Descant Recorder as a primary schoolboy aged 10 or so. That's where I learned to read music. So the Treble Recorder was supposed to be my way of reconnecting with the fun of learning a new (and at face value fairly simple) instrument. Of course the Recorder is a vastly under-rated instrument capable of magical sound when played by an expert.

I recently found some old mp3 recordings I'd done in around 2002, in a zip file which contained the HTML and other files from a website I had back then. There were 4 mp3 files that had me playing mandolin, and bodhran (and guitar, out of tune)

They are badly recorded - from memory I did it by using a pair of cheap stereo headphones as a microphone (!) and recording using grecord on a linux box (an old Gnome app for simple sound recording - probably running on Red Hat 6?)

To multi track I'd play the 1st recording back from the speakers on another linux box while recording the 2nd track (and the playback of the 1st which was audible in the background….) and I'd repeat this again to get a 3rd track.

The are in https://g4slv.info/website/pshed/ and these are the links to the files

The future?

So, now, at 60 years old I'm wondering what to do with myself. What hobby to persue. How to find joy and fun again.

I found myself looking up at my mandolin a few nights ago, thinking *“I wonder if I remember any tunes?”* and I took it down from its hanger. And 2 hours later I forced myself to put it down & go to bed….

I've been a little lost recently, not knowing what to do with my spare time. Perhaps this is the answer. Just enjoy playing music for my own amusement again.

music

QRSS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 08 Jul 2026 16:22:31 +0000

QRSS

I've been running my QMX on WSPR, using its DigiMode and the USB interface to a laptop running WSJT-X, when I'm not using for real QSOs.

But I got to thinking “is that all there is?”

I've seen almost continuous QRSS signals on the WSJT-X waterfall on 30m while running WPSR, and I remembered running a grabber on 600m/500kHz back in the early days of access to that band, and I wondered what activity there still was using QRSS. So I looked around the 'net and found that the “QRSS Knights” group are still going and I wondered about joining it. It would give a more human interaction and more human use of the “down time” - I could still monitor propagation, but not using the computer to do everything… you still need to actively look at the waterfall and read the morse code from the noisy trace on the screen.

I've joined the Knights QRSS on groups.io https://groups.io/g/qrssknights and last night I set about getting a grabber up and running.

I settled on good old Spectrum Lab which I know has always worked well under Wine on Linux. After a bit of fiddling I got a working setup to display the “QRSS Watering Hole” on 30m, my band of interest, and then fiddled with some bash scripts to automate the “grab and upload” function to send images to my website. https://g4slv.info/

On this image from 10:20UTC today there are several QRSS signals….

From the top:

S52AB
G0PKT
M0BMN
G0MBA
G4JQT
IK2JET

I tried sending some QRSS at 1W this morning for an hour or so, but only saw the faintest of traces on the grabber of Fabian (DJ5CW) on his Polish-sited Grabber SO5CW which might have been me.

Once again, it seems that my quiet location is better for receive than transmit.

My grabber is now included on the grabber list at https://swharden.com/qrss/plus/ so let's see what appears on my screen.

I'll put some details of the simple bash scripts that do the uploads on the main wiki Radio pages, and add more info about QRSS there, when I get a chance.

Update

I ran on TX again in the afternoon and Fabian DJ5CW/ SO5CW confirmed reception in Poland!

The “L” really pops out at one point!

radio, qrss, qrp, qmx, knightsqrss

DM15L Startup Keys & Serial Console

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 24 Jan 2026 08:10:32 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM15L Startup Keys & Serial Console

Start Keys

The DM15L has a few options which are set by holding certain keys at power on
In the Update from V33 onwards these settings can also be modified directly via the “Setup Menu”
- press fON then the key for the function as below….

Key	Function description
A	Display time/date for 5 minutes
B	Benchmark. Evaluate speed compared to original calculator
C	Switch to serial console
D	Start Bootloader
E	System info. Firmware version, battery voltage, CPU frequency, etc.
CHS	Change LCD contrast.¹⁾
EEX	Reset LCD contrast to default values.
STO	Adjust RTC: decrement -1h
RCL	Adjust RTC: increment +1h
7	Cycle through available fonts
1	One Line Display
2	Two Line Display
9	Configure CPU speed. Toggle between 12MHz and 48MHz
÷	Keyboard self test
⨯	Self test
−	Power reset
+	Endless test
.	Toggle decimal delimiter
SST	Time/date adjustment.²⁾
GTO	Toggle annunciator position

Serial Console

Settings

Speed : 38400
Data bits : 8
Stop bits : 1
Parity : None
Flow control : XON/XOFF (or none)

Commands

 
VOYAGER >> ?
Firmware DM15_M80_V32

?          Help
p          Key press
s          Dump memory
l          Load memory
ct         Console timeout
bootloader Invoke Bootloader
t          Get time
ts         Set time
td         Update time
kb         Toggle keyboard output to console
d          Toggle display output to console
b          Read battery voltage

Type '<command> ?' for params
VOYAGER >>

The calculator can be programmed using the dumps, via the Serial Console, by copy & paste of the text of dump using the Serial Console command l

An example session

Memory dump captured by Copy & Paste from the console session above.

DM15_M1B
00  03000007146000  03999994641000  03999994641000  00000000000000
04  49828382834000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002005999eae
08  00000000000000  39fa0ffffaea8f  dba083fce4bf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  05000000000000
14  f0000000000089  20323232323232  000000000001f2  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  05313010235001
1c  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  01844692622004
f0  00000000000000  00000000000000  000000000000b2  fdfbf132faf142
f4  ccfdf0f20cb2c3  fcf0f2bcfdfaf1  32fbf1420bb233  44fcc3f0f2bcfd
f8  faf133fbf143fd  a2cff182cff142  cafd0ab21282df  f1cafdf5c0f3fc
fc  31fd30fb31fc30  310241f5f4f3c0  f240f6c6f4f3f2  f1f0c0f142f00e
A: 49828382834000  B: 49828382834eae  C: 00002005999eae
S: 00000000001000
M: 01844692622004  N: 99828382834004  G: 06

This dump pasted into the Swiss Micro decoder

The decoded dump, showing the actual program commands

001  LBL E        | 42,21,15
002  0            |        0
003  STO 2        |    44  2
004  1            |        1
005  .            |       48
006  0            |        0
007  1            |        1
008  2            |        2
009  3            |        3
010  4            |        4
011  EEX          |       26
012  6            |        6
013  STO 0        |    44  0
014  2            |        2
015  .            |       48
016  3            |        3
017  4            |        4
018  5            |        5
019  STO 1        |    44  1
020  LBL 2        | 42,21, 2
021  RCL 1        |    45  1
022  RCL 0        |    45  0
023  *            |       20
024  RCL 1        |    45  1
025  -            |       30
026  RCL 0        |    45  0
027  /            |       10
028  RCL 1        |    45  1
029  *            |       20
030  3            |        3
031  .            |       48
032  5            |        5
033  /            |       10
034  sqrt         |       11
035  1            |        1
036  STO+2        | 44,40, 2
037  GTO 2        |    22  2
038  RTN          |   43  32
039  LBL A        | 42,21,11
040  /            |       10
041  sqrt         |       11
042  STO 2        |    44  2
043  1            |        1
044  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
045  1            |        1
046  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
047  /            |       10
048  STO 3        |    44  3
049  1            |        1
050  -            |       30
051  RCL 3        |    45  3
052  1            |        1
053  +            |       40
054  /            |       10
055  LOG          |   43  13
056  2            |        2
057  0            |        0
058  CHS          |       16
059  *            |       20
060  STO 4        |    44  4
061  RCL 3        |    45  3
062  RTN          |   43  32
063  LBL B        | 42,21,12
064  STO 2        |    44  2
065  1            |        1
066  -            |       30
067  RCL 2        |    45  2
068  1            |        1
069  +            |       40
070  /            |       10
071  LOG          |   43  13
072  2            |        2
073  0            |        0
074  *            |       20
075  CHS          |       16
076  RTN          |   43  32
077  LBL C        | 42,21,13
078  2            |        2
079  0            |        0
080  /            |       10
081  10^x         |       13
082  STO 2        |    44  2
083  1            |        1
084  +            |       40
085  RCL 2        |    45  2
086  1            |        1
087  -            |       30
088  /            |       10
089  RTN          |   43  32

Page created Thu May 26 17:41:19 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 24/01/26 08:10 GMT

calculator, dm15l

¹⁾

LCD Setting : Param1: up +, down −, Param2: up Σ+, down 3

²⁾

Date Adjustment Usage: Up +, Down −, Next ⨯, Prev ÷, ENTER to Set, ON to Cancel

DM16L Startup Keys

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 15:15:45 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM16L Startup Keys

Start Keys

The DM16L has a few options which are set by holding certain keys at power on

Key	Function description
`A`	Display time/date for 5 minutes
`C`	Switch to serial console
`E`	System info. Firmware version, battery voltage, current frequency, etc.
`F`	Change LCD contrast.¹⁾
`BIN`	Reset LCD contrast to default values.
`STO`	Adjust RTC: decrement -1h
`RCL`	Adjust RTC: increment +1h
`7`	Cycle through available fonts
`9`	Configure CPU speed. Toggle between 12MHz and 48MHz
`÷`	Keyboard self test
`⨯`	Self test
`−`	Power reset
`+`	Endless test
`.`	Toggle decimal delimiter
`GSB`	Time/date adjustment.²⁾
`GTO`	Toggle annunciator position

Further Information

¹⁾

LCD Setting : Param1: up +, down −, Param2: up CHS, down 3

²⁾

Date Adjustment Usage: Up +, Down −, Next ⨯, Prev ÷, ENTER to Set, ON to Cancel

DM32 Polynomial Solver

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:09:50 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM32 Polynomial Solver

From the Owner's Manual

State File

Provided by Swiss Micros https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm32/examples/STATE/POLYROOT.d32

Local copy polyroot.d32

Use

This set of programs will provide real and complex roots of polynomials up to 5^th order. The coefficient of the highest term is assumed to be 1 and all the coefficients must be normalized to make this so.

Quadratic

x² - 3x + 2 = 0

Run XEQ P
Enter the order at the prompt for F?
- 2 R/S
Enter coefficient B
- 3 +/- R/S
Enter coefficient A
- 2 R/S
1^st root is shown
- X=1.0000 R/S
2^nd root is shown
- X=2.0000 R/S
quits

The two roots of x² - 3x + 2 = 0 are 1 and 2

4-th order

4x⁴ - 8x³ - 13x² - 10x + 22 = 0

This has a non-unity value for the highest term, so all the coefficients need to be divided by 4 to make it so, this can be done as they are entered

XEQ P
Enter order 4 at the prompt for F?
- 4 R/S
Enter the coefficients starting at the second one (for x³) and dividing by 4
- 8 +/- ENTER 4 ÷ R/S
- 13 +/- ENTER 4 ÷ R/S
- 10 +/- ENTER 4 ÷ R/S
- 22 ENTER 4 ÷ R/S
The first root is shown
- X = 0.88197 R/S
The second root is shown
- X = 3.11803 R/S
The third root is shown (it's complex)
- X=-1.0000 R/S
- i = 1.0000R/S
The fourth root is shown (it's also complex)
- X=1.0000 R/S
- i=-1.0000 R/S
C

The 4 roots are

X = 0.88197
X = 3.11803
X = -1 + j1
X = 1 - j1

Cube roots of -8

X³ = -8

X³ + 8 = 0

XEQ P
Enter 3 for the order
- 3 R/S
Enter zero for C (the coefficient of x²)
- 0 R/S
Enter zero for B (the coefficient of x)
- 0 R/S
Enter 8 for A (the constant term)
- 8 R/S
The first root is
- X = -2.00000 R/S
The second root is complex
- X = 1.00000 R/S
- i = 1.73205 R/S
The third root is complex
- X = 1.0000 R/S
- i = -1.73205 R/S
C

The three cube roots of -8 are

-2
1 + j1.73205
1 - j1.73205

Further Information

Page created : 17/04/26 09:41 BST

Page updated : 19/04/26 21:09 BST

calculator, dm32

DM41X Ladybug Module

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 14:35:58 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X Ladybug Module

Another HP16 emulation

Ladybug Key Overlay

Details

Ladybug is a more user-friendly, if less versatile, “HP16C programmer's calculator” module than the fully-featured HP16 module by Angel Martin. Both have their uses, but for a simple calculator for bit-banging while writing 6502 assembly code Ladybug does everything, with a less convoluted User Interface.

Although I also have a DM16L, the Swiss Micros modern clone of the original HP16C, I am finding that having Ladybug on the DM41X allows me to quickly switch between “normal” floating point calculations and integer “programming” calculations, and have access to the best of both worlds.

The DM16L/HP16C has very limited (basically unusable) floating point support.

The Ladybug module is more intuitive and usable than the Angel Martin HP16 emulator module and having Ladybug for INTEGER and the rest of the DM41X/HP41CX functionality for other tasks makes the DM41X my go-to calculator. The DM16L is fantastic as a single-minded programmer's calculator, and is used extensively when I'm engrossed in writing assembly code, but the DM41X is much more versatile and is carried with me at all times when I'm away from the workbench.

Launching

modules needed:
- Ladybug
- Boost
- OS/4

To switch to “Ladybug Integer” mode : XEQALPHAINTEGERALPHA

To leave (and return to normal mode) : XEQALPHAEXITAPPALPHA

Using the DM41X CST menu simplifies this, set 2 Custom menu entries for INTEGER and EXITAPP

Nice features

A “CMP” function akin to 6502 - sets flags in the same way but doesn't change the register(s)
Status Flags : C, Z, N and V equivalent to 6502 flags and set in the same way after various operations.
- Flag 0 = Zero Z
- Flag 1 = Sign N
- Flag 3 = Carry C
- Flag 4 = Overflow V
2's-complement mode is set with Flag 2
Leading Zeros display is set with Flag 5

Word Size is set with Shift+R/S
Windowing is selected with .
Bits can be set Shift+4, reset Shift+5 and tested Shift+6

Boolean Operations on values in X and Y registers
- AND Shift+1
- OR Shift+2
- XOR Shift+3

NOT Shift+CHS (invert each bit, on the value in the X register)

Shift and Rotate functions are conveniently accessible - see Overlay picture above - without delving into menus or launchers

— John Pumford-Green 23/09/22 13:40

Further Information

See DM41X Hits & Tips for idea on Module Switching

calculator, dm41x

DM41X Solve

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 18 Jan 2026 15:59:28 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X Solve

Advantage Pac solver

Advantage Pac Solver

The Advantage Pac has a solver function which can find the roots of polynomials. The function to be solved is written as a normal keystroke program and then SOLVE uses it to find the roots.

To set it up

Write the program that defines the function to be solved
Put the Global Label of that program in the ALPHA register
Put estimates/range values in the y and x stack
Excecute solve

Example

— John Pumford-Green 17/01/26 18:28 GMT

Further Information

calculator, dm41x

DM41X HP16C Module

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 16:15:00 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X HP16C Module

Keyboard Overlay

Background

The HP16C Programmer's Calculator is made for manipulating numbers in Binary/Octal/Hexadecimal/Decimal to help with programming and other areas that rely on the nitty-gritty of bit-twiddling.

Swiss Micros make a modern hardware emulation (similar in form to the DM15L I already own) but rather than adding another calculator to my (growing) collection I found there is a ROM/Module method to add all (and more) the same features to the DM41X (and presumably the HP41, if you can find a hardware ROM plugin with it).

I occasionally need to do some conversions/calculations into Hex and Binary (thinking of TCP/IP networking, subnet masks etc. or perhaps debugging RS232 serial data, or when writing rig control software?) and being able to do everything on the DM41X (along with the Complex Number module) means the DM41X will become even more useful day-to-day.

The manual for the HP16C Module hp_16c_emulator_manual.pdf

The versions of modules I'm using : hp-16c_rev.1a.zip

The HP16C

The HP16C Manual : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp16c-oh-en.pdf

The DM16L

https://www.swissmicros.com/product/dm16l

I bought a DM16L in August 2022

Basic Operation

Like the 41Z Complex Number module, a USER keyboard assignment is made to a trigger command which then automagically re-maps the whole keyboard for one command, then it reverts to normal. A mental image of the re-mapped keyboard starts to develop with use, making operation easier with time.

I've assigned the LN key to the trigger command 16C for the USER keyboard

SHIFT ASN ALPHA SHIFT 1 SHIFT 6 C ALPHA LN

User Keyboard comments

With USER keyboard active I generally won't miss the loss of LN as I rarely use it.

If I do need LN I can simply turn off the USER keyboard.

The same applies for using the ∑+ key for entering Statistical Data - it's assigned to the Complex Keyboard trigger ΣZL.

I won't ever be using statistics at the same time as complex numbers (or HP16C functions).

The USER keyboard can generally remain active all the time except when I want to do statistics or calculate a natural logarithm. Two easy sacrificed keys. Are there others I can do without for additional assignments to frequently used functions or modules?

I've noticed that it's possible to assign the 16C command to the ∑+ key.

This allows a single key to be used both to trigger 16C mode, and then to trigger input mode 16NPT.

It means less hopping around.

The ∑+ key is doing double duty but ∑+ ∑+ seems a little more user friendly than LN∑+ for inputting numbers.

SHIFT ASN ALPHA SHIFT 1 SHIFT 6 C ALPHA ∑+

16KEYS?

16KEYS? info

I played with the LADYBUG module recently ( see DM41X Ladybug Module ) and enjoyed the more “immediate” keyboard input - with the whole keyboard re-mapped while using the module (in “INTEGER” mode). No need to preface each instruction with a trigger to enable the special keyboard for one command at a time.

I found that the HP16C Module can be switched to “full-time” 16KEYS mode too….

You need to get to the ∑BITS launcher and then select Y (for 16KEYS) and answer Y or N.

The 16KEYS function can't be reached any other way, that I've found. The simplest way is to use the DM41X CST menu to run the 16C ∑MOD launcher, then press SHIFT to switch to the ∑BITS launcher, then select Y (for 16KEYS).

You'll need to enable USER key mode, and then the 16C module can be used without the the need to trigger every command with 16C (normally ASN'd to LN key).

You still need to use 16NPT to input numbers (this is mapped to the A (∑+) key. Otherwise most things are just more intuitive. No need to use 16C before an arithmetic operation like + or - etc.

Example

Switch to BIN view

B

Enter a binary number 10111011

16NPT10111011ENTER

Convert to HEX

E

H: bb

Convert to DEC

D

d: 187

Enter a Decimal Number 23

16NPT23ENTER

d : 23

Add them

+

d: 210

Convert to BIN

B

b: 11010010

Much more intuitive….

Select the Base

USER keyboard active.

16C is USER assigned to LN - referred to as 16C hereafter.

I'll use the alpha letter for the top-row keys to describe them for Base Selection

16C B = BINARY

16C C = OCTAL

16C D = DECIMAL

16C E = HEX

Enter a number

HEX

Enter HEX value 5F

Use the 16NPT function which lives on the Σ+ button (it switches from the complex assigned ΣZL to 16NPT when the 16C is invoked)

16C E (to get into HEX mode)

16C 16NPT 5 F ENTER

Convert to BIN

16C B gives 1011111

Enter a new BIN number

16C 16NPT (i.e. Σ+) 1101100 ENTER

Add them together

16C + gives 11001011

Convert to HEX

16C E gives Cb

Convert to DEC

16C D gives 203

always enter numbers with 16C 16NPT the number ENTER

always use the 16 versions of mathematical functions

16C +

16C X

etc.

NOT, OR, AND, XOR

These are on shifted (and triggered with 16C) math keys:

- = NOT

+ = OR

x = AND

÷ = XOR

Example, in binary….

AND two numbers:

11011101 AND 10001001 →

16C B (to get into Binary mode if needed)

16C 16NPT 11011101 ENTER

16C 16NPT 10001001 ENTER

16C SHIFT X gives 10001001

In HEX…. XOR →

16C E (to get into HEX)

16C 16NPT BEEF ENTER (first number) (make sure at least 16-bit word size for this example Word Size

16C 16NPT CAFE ENTER (second number)

16C SHIFT ÷ (XOR) gives 7411

Convert answer to DEC

16C D gives 29713

Convert answer to BIN

16C B gives a long string of 1 and 0 that scroll across the screen…

Window

View the long BIN number using a WINDOW to look at 8 bits at a time…

16C SHIFT R/S

This asks WINDOW _ and enter 0 for the 1^st (MSB) 8 bits:

W0: 11101000:b

Scroll to sequential WINDOW slices with + and - →

+ →

W1: 0010001:b

+ →

W2: :b

The full 16-bit number is therefore:

111010000010001

Setting Word Size and negative number convention

The word size can be up to 64 bits. In general most stuff is 4, 8 or 16 bits wide, so you can set the size of the binary number in the ∑MOD launcher:

16C USR (one of several different ways of getting to ∑MOD)

16KEYS methods

There is then a choice of settings

B:O:D:H:F - 0: 1:2:W:S:?

The first four can set the mode to Binary, Octal, Decimal, Float.

0 sets UNSIGNED integers
1 sets ONE'S COMPLEMENT
2 sets TWO'S COMPLEMENT

Word size is checked with S

Word size is set with W then enter (eg) 16 to set 16-bit words.

Word Size can also be set directly from a 16C keyboard function 16WSZ accessed via 16C SHIFT 5 rather than via the ∑MOD menu/launcher

? displays the current settings (press ? then quickly press and hold it to read the displayed info)

0c - 16 - DEC

This means unsigned integers, 16-bit words, DECIMAL mode.

Other Launchers

Lots of functions are available in launcher sub-menus, eg a menu of rotate functions, or shift functions.

The various launchers are available cyclically via the 16C XEQ along with SHIFT and A

Some trial and error is needed to find what you want, but it starts:

16C XEQ → R: L LN RN R which is a menu to do bit-rotations.

Rotate 1-bit Left by pressing top-row button B

Rotate N-bits left with top-row button C (and enter the number of bits)

Rotate N-bits Right with top-row button D (and enter the number of bits)

Rotate 1-bit Right with top-row button E.

From the R menu:

A give the S: L LN RN R menu to SHIFT bits Left or Right

From the S menu:

XEQ gives ∑R : …………………. which gives lots of options to do things rightwards with the bits. list them

This goes on via XEQ and SHIFT (ORANGE button) to access several menu launchers. Trial and Error and muscle memory.

A brief map/list of launchers

16CXEQ → ∑ROT

∑ROT → XEQ → ∑LEFT → XEQ → ∑MOD → XEQ → ∑ROT

∑ROT → A → ∑SHF

∑SHF → XEQ → ∑RIGHT → XEQ → ∑BIT → XEQ → ∑SHF

∑LEFT ↔ SHIFT ↔ ∑RIGHT

∑MOD ↔ SHIFT ↔ ∑BIT

∑SHF ↔ SHIFT ↔ S“:

∑ROT ↔ SHIFT ↔ RC:

Registers etc

Numbers can be saved in 16C registers via 16C STO NN

e.g. save a subnet mask of 11111100 into 16C REG 00 (i.e. the last octet of a /30 network 255.255.255.252)

16C B (go to BINARY mode)

16C 16NPT 11111100 ENTER 16C STO 00

Use the stored value

What is 123 AND MASK ? (what's the network base number for host address of 123 using a netmask of 252?)

16C D (decimal so you can enter 123 rather than a BINARY number)

16C 16NPT 123 ENTER

recall mask (it doesn't matter that it was initially stored as a BINARY number, it's displayed in whatever base you are currently using)

16C RCL 00

AND them

16C SHIFT x

answer is 120

The MASK is still in 16-Register 00 if needed again….

Net address of a host with address 43?

16C D

16C 16NPT 43 ENTER

16C RCL 00

16C SHIFT x

answer : 40

xxx.xxx.xxx.43 has a network address of xxx.xxx.xxx.40

Most Used Functions

16C = LN (i.e. E on top-row)

16NPT = ∑+ (i.e. A on top-row, must be triggered with 16C) ²⁾

16C 16NPT type in a number ENTER (enter a number in whatever base is currently selected)

BIN OCT DEC HEX = 16C then one of top-row buttons B, C, D, E (select the required base)

∑MOD = 16C USR …. or 16C SHIFT 2 (open a settings menu to set the choice of mode/word/signed)

NOT / OR / AND / XOR = 16C SHIFT then one of - + x ÷ (logic functions)

RL / RR = 16C then one of SIN or COS (rotate Left or Right 1-bit)

RLN / RRN = 16C SHIFT then one of SIN or COS (rotate Left or Right N-bits _ _)

SLN = 16C TAN (shift Left N-bits _ _)

SRN = 16C SHIFT TAN (shift Right N-bits _ _)

Sb = 16C SHIFT 7 (set a bit _ _)

Cb = 16C SHIFT 8 (clear a bit _ _)

B? = 16C SHIFT 9 (is a bit _ _ set or not?)

#BITS = 16C SHIFT ∑+ (i.e. A on top-row) (how many bits are high?)

See Keyboard Overlay Pic above for more hints on 16C key assignments

EVERYTHING STARTS WITH ''16C''

It is recommended to change the assigned key occasionally to prevent wearing it out…..

DM41X MATRX Simultaneous Equations

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:12:43 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X MATRX Simultaneous Equations

Advantage Pac Matrix manipulaltions (simple version)

Background: MATRX function

The Advantage Pac has quite extensive Matrix handling functions, mostly beyond anything I ever would need….

The simple MATRX program allows the entry of a square matrix (real or complex), and can calculate the INVERSE and DETERMINANT of it.

The square matrix entered can be the coefficients of a set of simultaneous equations, and entering a second matrix allows the system to be solved.

Use of MATRX

Simple 2x2 Matrix

| 2  -3 |
| -4  8 |

Run the MATRX program ( XEQ ALPHA MATRX ALPHA)

Options presented :

RL  CX

Press RL A

Option presented :

ORDER=?

2R/S

Options presented:

A  I  DT  B  SE

A

Enter the Matrix elements

2 R/S
3 CHS R/S
4 CHS R/S
8 R/S

Options presented :

A  I  DT  B  SE

If A is part of a system of equations, for example

2x - 3y = 6
-4x + 8y = -2

Then enter matrix B

| 6 |
|-2 |

B

6 R/S
2 CHS R/S

Solve the System of Equations with SE

SE

Result is now in B

B

1:1 = 10.5 R/S
2:1 = 5 R/S

This means if

2x - 3y = 6
-4x + 8y = -2

Then X = 10.5 and y = 5

Check

(2 * 10.5) - (3*5) = 6
-(4 * 10.5) + (8 * 5) = -2

CORRECT!

A now holds the LU-Decomposition version of the original A To restore the contents of A to normal simply INVERT A twice

I I

Check A

A

1:1 = 2.00
1:2 = -3.00
2:1 = -4.00
2:2 = 8.00

Find the Determinant of A

DT

DET = 4.00

That's pretty much all for MATRX with a real matrix.

Complex Matrix

You can chose CX at the beginning, and enter the Real and Imaginary parts of each Matrix element if you are dealing with a complex matrix.

— John Pumford-Green 05/08/22 11:55

Further Information

calculator, dm41x

DM41X PPC ROM Curve Fit

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:12:08 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41X PPC ROM Curve Fit

The PPC ROM's CV function does similar Curve Fitting to the Advantage Pac CFIT program, without the limitation on negative data point values.

Negative X values are acceptable for Linear and Exponential curves

Negative Y values are acceptable for Linear and Logarithmic

If any data point has BOTH X and Y negative then only Linear is possible.

Running CV

XEQ ALPHACVALPHA

Unlike CFIT there is no displayed menu for the top-row buttons, so you need to remember the functions.

Key	A	B	C	D	E
Shift	∑-				Initialize
	Σ+	Solve Type J	Y	X	Solve Best Type

Unlike normal Stats entry (where Y-value is entered first, then ENTER, then X-value is entered second, so that the X-value is in the X register before pressing ∑+) here we enter in “conventional” order.

Clear old data SHIFT E (Initialize)
X ENTER Y Σ+
X ENTER Y Σ+
X ENTER Y Σ+
X ENTER Y Σ+
etc…..

once the data is accumulated either

enter a fit-type digit (J)
- 1 : Linear : Y = b*X + a
- 2 : Exponential : Y = a*e^bX
- 3 : Logarithmic : Y = b*Ln(X) + a
- 4 : Power : Y = a*X^b
then press B to Solve Type J

press E to Solve Best Type

The solution appears as

Z : r correlation coefficient Y : a coefficient X : b coefficient

You can now get estimates of Y (for a given X) or X (for a given Y)

You can accumulate more data (to add to what's already there) and do another FIT calculation.

If you want equally spaced X coordinates for single variable Y-data CV puts incrementing digit in X so you simply

ENTER Y₁ Σ+

ENTER Y₂ Σ+

ENTER Y₃ Σ+

ENTER Y₄ Σ+

…

and you accumulate as if you'd entered (1,Y₁), (2,Y₂), (3,Y₃), (4,Y₄)…

If you have X and Y data then the automatically incrementing X is overwritten by the manually entered real X values.

Examples

Manual Linear Fit

Data

Negative X and Y values allowed for a Linear Fit

X	Y
-1.5	-3
1.1	5.2
4.5	12.6
8.0	20.0
10.0	23.0
15.6	34.0

Entry procedure

SHIFT E Initialize
1.5CHS ENTER 3CHS ∑+
1.1ENTER 5.2 ∑+
4.5ENTER 12.6 ∑+
8ENTER 20 ∑+
10ENTER 23 ∑+
15.6ENTER 34 ∑+

Fit to Linear

1 (for Linear Fit J = 1) B

Results

Z : 0.995734680 : r correlation coefficient
Y : 2.017167182 : a coefficient (y-intercept)
X : 2.113978698 : b coefficient (gradient)

Linear Equation : Y = 2.114 X + 2.017

Estimations

Predict Y for X = 20

20 C
- 44.9674114

Predict X for Y = 25

25 D
- 10.87183747

Best Fit Method

Further Information

Page created : 16/02/26 20:13 GMT

Page updated : 16/02/26 21:42 GMT

calculator, dm41x

DM15L Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 17 Apr 2026 10:45:56 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM15L Info

Purchase Information

Date : September 2021
From : Swiss Micros (direct)
Price : £95
Serial : 21350
New Battery
- July 27^th 2022
- July 26^th 2024
- April 17^th 2026

Firmware

Upgrade firmware on Linux

sudo lpc21isp <firmware_file> /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 12000

bash scripts

just to reduce the typing…. still need to press the hidden reset button to start the flashing and to start the new firmware.

You can have separate scripts for ease of loading different firmware

./lf_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=LF15C_250408.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

./dm32_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=DM15_M1B_32.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

./dm34_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=DM15_M1B_34.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

Upgrade firware on Windows

Serial USB Driver for Windows

cp210x_universal_windows_driver.zip

Windows Firmware Upload Tool

voyage_firmware_tool.zip

Swiss Micros Official

Swiss Micros Firmware files

Date	Serial No.	Firmware	Version	Firmware Files	Comments
24/05/22	21350	DM15_M1B	32	dm15_m1b_32.zip	Extended User Registers
22/11/23	21350	DM15	32	dm15_32.zip	Standard User Registers
21/12/24	21350	DM15_M1B	33	dm15_m1b_33.zip	New 2-line stack and other mods
23/01/26	21350	DM15_M1B	34	dm15_m1b_34.hex	Bug fixes to new version

ROM	Allocatable registers	RAM base addr.	Initial Memory Status
DM15 (Original ROM)	64	0xc0	19 46 0-0
DM15_M80	128	0x80	19 110 0-0
DM15_M1B	229	0x1b	19 211 0-0

LF15C - 3rd Party Firmware

From HP Forum https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046.html

For more details see LF15C - firmware for the DM15

DESK-15 - 3rd Party Firmware

From HP Forum https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-23488.html
You Tube https://youtu.be/ktrKZzN3wJw
Github for firmware and brief README guide https://github.com/zooxo/desk15

I'll try it out and write up some details…..

Desk15 - firmware for the DM15

RTC Error

RTC is not capable of calibration/correction
RTC appears to continue running even when switching firmware
- LF15C has no ability to display RTC but it the rate appears unaffected by the firmware changes
- Requires that Swiss Micros firmware is loaded in order to check current RTC time

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
23/01/26		-49.0			Delta -49.0. New firmware DM15 V34 loaded. New Period
23/01/26	24/01/26	-47.0	+2.1	+2.1	After 24 hours
23/01/26	26/01/26	-43.4	+1.9	+2.0	After 3 days
23/01/26	27/01/26	-41.9	+1.8	+1.9	After 4 days. LF15C loaded after time check
23/01/26	11/02/26	-11.2	+2.0	+2.0	After 19 days. DM15_M1B_34 reloaded to check time
23/01/26	04/04/26	+88.3	+1.9	+1.9	After 71 days

Swiss Micros Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/voyager/firmware/
Documentation : Online HTML User Manual
Documentation : PDF Manual
Product Page : DM15L

HP-15C Owner's Handbooks

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org/

HP-15C Owner's Handbook : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp15c-oh-en.pdf
HP-15C Advanced Functions Handbook : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp15c-afh-en.pdf

DM15L Memory Dumps and Program Listings

See DM15L Progs

calculator, dm15l

DM41X Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 13 Apr 2026 18:35:30 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM41X Info

Purchase Information

Date : February 2022
From : Swiss Micros (Direct)
Price : £185
Serial : 01266
Battery Swap
- 22/09/22
- 11/02/25
- 19/02/26
- 13/04/26

Firmware

Date	Serial No.	DM41X Version	DMCP Version	Firmware Files
24/05/22	01266	2.1	3.20	dmcp_flash_3.20_dm41x-2.1.zip
27/07/24	01266	2.2	3.25	dmcp_flash_3.25_dm41x-2.2.zip
21/12/25	01266	2.3	3.28	dmcp_flash_3.28_dm41x-2.3.zip

RTC Correction

approx. error +3.5s/d = +40.5ppm
Correction factor C from C = 2^20 P /(10^6 + P)
Approximations :
- C = 1.04858 P
- P = 0.953674 C
Calculated C = -42.47

Put a text file /rtccalib.cfg in root directory of FAT drive with contents:

-42.47

Update 28/5/22

After a period of observation the rate is now over-corrected. Try reducing correction to -37.5 which corresponds to a ppm error of 35.76ppm, or 3.26 s/d.

Date Start	Date Check	Accumulated Error (s)	Rate Error (s/d)	Comments
28/3/22	24/5/22		-0.1	correction applied (C=40). Uncorrected error +3.5
24/5/22				new correction C=-42.47
24/5/22	25/5/22		-0.3	new correction in wrong direction?
28/5/22			-0.3	still over-corrected. New factor: -37.5. DM41X reports this is a correction of -35.3ppm
28/5/22	31/5/22		+0.2	Now under-corrected? Difference across 3 days is only 0.5 seconds, so perhaps needs longer to reduce reaction-time-error
28/5/22	28/6/22		+0.1	Almost 1 month later. Delta 31/5/22 = -15.7s, Delta 28/6/22 = -11.6s. +4.1s in 28 days
28/5/22	8/7/22		+0.1	Delta -10.1s
28/5/22	21/9/22		+ 0.2	Delta +1.2s. Still slightly under-corrected but good enough
28/5/22	15/4/23	-7.6	+0.0	Delta -7.6s in 322 days = 0.02 s/d
15/04/23	22/11/23	+33.3	+0.2	33.3s in 221 days = 0.15 s/d

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
23/01/26		+2.7			New Period: correction-35.3ppm
23/01/26	24/01/26	+2.6	-0.1	-0.1	After 24 hours
23/01/26	26/01/26	+3.0	+0.2	+0.1	After 3 days
23/01/26	27/01/26	+3.2	+0.3	+0.1	After 4 days
23/01/26	04/02/26	+5.0	+0.2	+0.2	After 12 days
23/01/26	11/02/26	+6.1	+0.1	+0.2	After 19 days

Notes

Complex Numbers

For more about the 41Z see the separate page DM41X 41z Module

I'm using the 41Z complex number module by Angel Martin to add a 4-level complex number stack. It's a bit confusing at first to get to grips with, but adds a lot of functionality to the the DM41x.

After a bit of trial and error (this is my first play with a “plug-in module” after all) I discovered the simplest way to make the keyboard function normally, and get easy access when needed to the complex functions, was to assign a USER key (usually the statistics summation key ∑+ to the 41Z module function ∑ZL.

Each press of ∑+ now temporarily modifies all the keys to access specific 41Z functions. The functions available are extensive, through the use of the SHIFT key and by multiple presses of the ∑+ (henceforth referred to as Z) key.

I drew out a diagram to show the various functions available.

Once a selection is made the keyboard switches back to its normal behaviour, so all the usual functionality is available.

Most of these are unlikely to be used often - and it's also possible to make a much narrow selection of 41Z functions and make your own USER assignments, rather than use the ∑ZL keyboard - although this might mean you block access to inbuilt functions you might want - which would mean switching out of USER keyboard mode at times. At the moment the ∑ZL option seems the most versatile.

Many of the 41Z functions available are beyond my pay grade and unlikely to ever find a use, but the Complex Keyboard still makes things much easier to deal with.

For example the two keypresses:

Z 1\x

is much easier than the 7 it would otherwise need to invert a complex number

XEQALPHAZINVALPHA I need to practice finding the right function (the main ones printed on the keyboard as well as the new ones provided by 41Z's ∑ZL keyboard, but my fingers are slowly starting to move in the right direction.

One thing I do notice, though, as that due to the need to press various keys (XEQ, ALPHA, SHIFT etc) it's sometimes possible to make a real mess if you miss a vital key in the middle of entering lots of data & instructions and find your stack totally screwed up, or several lines of program code full of nonsense….

I'm sure it'll all become second nature soon enough.

HP16C Emulator module

This is another interesting module to add the functionality of the HP16C - the Programmer's Calculator designed to handle calculations in various mathematical bases as used in computer programming and networking : Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal and Decimal. I adds much more value than the rather basic functions in the Advantage Pac module.

After much trial and error I found a combination of HP16C module and Library 4 library that worked correctly. The HP16C module needs the Library 4 module, but I found some problems with different versions. Using the versions contained in the Swiss Micros package had a weird bug - the 16* (multiplication) function simply didn't work. I found a post by Angel Martin on the HP Calculator Forum with a ZIP file containing the 2 modules that worked correctly.

Here is the zip file : hp-16c_rev.1a.zip

I'll make a separate guide to using the main features here DM41X HP16C Module

Guides

Hints & Tips

Swiss Micros Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm41x/firmware/
Documentation : Online User Manual
Documentation : PDF Manual
Product Page : DM41X

Issues

Arrived new with a speck of dirt behind the glass in front of the LCD.
- Able to remove by carefully prising the glass from its bezel (it's held in with double-sided tape)

41Z Deluxe Module

Weird behaviour with its "common factor" display

Update September 2024

The factorization error in the deluxe version has been fixed by Angel….

Swiss Micros forum discussion about the issue

the fixed version 41z_bs_2x2_2_.zip
My page DM41X 41z Module

DM41X Program Listings

See DM41X Progs

HP-41CX Owner's Manuals

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org

HP-41CX Owner's Manual Vol. 1 : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-om-vol1-en.pdf
HP-41CX Owner's Manual Vol. 2 : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-om-vol2-en.pdf
HP-41CX Quick Reference Guide : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp41cx-qrg-en.pdf

Page Updated : 13/04/26 19:35 BST

calculator, dm41x

HP-11C Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 16:31:18 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

HP-11C Info

Purchase Information

Date : 24/7/22
From : eBay
Price : £63.49
Serial : 2219AO3710

Notes

Bought on eBay as a first, relatively cheap, vintage HP Voyager model. Some of the keys are a little vague feeling, although always registering positively and never missing a key-press (unlike the Swiss Micro DM15L which occasionally misses a key-press if it's not performed with enough pressure).

I like the old feel, and although it's noticeably slower than more modern calculators, it has plenty of useful features and functions to be carried and used when the higher power or features of the DM42, DM41X or DM15L are not needed.

Guides

Hints & Tips

Issues

HP-11C Owner's Handbook

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org

HP-11C Owner's Handbook & Problem-Solving Guide : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp11c-oh-en.pdf

HP11C Program Listings

See HP11C Progs

Page Updated : 17/02/26 16:31 GMT

calculator, hp11c

AntiX

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

AntiX

I'm testing a Live-USB Linux **AntiX** on a Lenovo laptop that has always been sluggish running Windows 10 (and even running Debian from the HDD).

I don't know if the issue is related to the performance (speed/RAM etc) of the machine or to the HDD itself. To see how the machine performs separately from the HDD I'll use AntiX for general web browsing and email for a few days and see how I find it.

Persistence

I've set up static root persistence to allow me to install and configure software, and save files etc. that remain after rebooting. This required setting up persistence :

rootfs = 3GB
homefs = 3GB

I installed rwho and rwhod to confirm new packages remained after reboot. I needed to change the default Live-USB user passwords to allow persistence to work - the first time I rebooted after setting up persistence I was forced to do so. I also added a new user, rather than stick with the Live-USB's default of demo

Browser

I then installed chromium as the preferred browser (instead of the default seamonkey)

To make it the menu-selected choice of browser I struggled to see how the menu item desktop-defaults-run -b (-b for browser) was made to point to chromium until I found one way (using the GUI control centre):

menu
control centre
preferred applications
web-browser --> /usr/share/application/chromium.desktop

chromium does not allow syncing to a google account any more, despite appearing to let you sign in to Google to initiate the sync.

I'll stick with chromium for this Live-USB version.

Email? : not sure I need to go this far, unless it turns out to be much more user friendly than the Windows10 OS from the HDD.

Mouse Touchpad

I hate “tap-click” on touchpads….

add :

# disable touchpad tapping for button1 
synclient tapbutton1=-1 &

to ~/.desktop-session/startup

Update

After a couple of hours of using AntiX for Websurfing, You Tube and Dokuwiki editing I'm happy at the speedy response….

Let's see how it performs for other things ….

sudo apt-get install claws-mail

~/.bashrc

Change default prompt to a single line, rather than split across 2 lines: comment out default PS1 and copy/edit to look like :

PS1="$PURPLE\u$nc@$CYAN\H$nc:$GREEN\w$GREEN\$$nc "

if [ "$UID" = 0 ]; then
    PS1="$red\u$nc@$red\H$nc:$CYAN\w$nc\\n$red#$nc "
else
#    PS1="$PURPLE\u$nc@$CYAN\H$nc:$GREEN\w$nc\\n$GREEN\$$nc "
    PS1="$PURPLE\u$nc@$CYAN\H$nc:$GREEN\w$GREEN\$$nc "
fi

Desktop Choice

I prefer fluxbox for low-resource linux machines, and I'm using the zzz/fluxbox desktop which integrates the zzzFM file-manager. The default single-click-opens-files is annoying and I found the way to disable it is:

right-click on the ''File Manager'' desktop icon, 
select ''Desktop Settings --> General'' tab and un-tick ''single-click open files'' 
and do the same on the ''Desktop'' tab.

Page Updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

linux, antix

Dropbox

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Dropbox

Quitting Dropbox

Thought process

I've had a Dropbox Plus account for many years, but lately I find I use it less and less, and it's becoming bloated with useless features.

I have other options for backup and easy access :

Dokuwiki (two separate wikis : personal and business) - accessible via web from anywhere - VPS has a 20GB hard drive for file storage
VPS directly - using rsync or Unison
NAS - 2TB on home LAN (make accessible externally via HTTP?)
Google Drive - Free 15GB - sync with PC, Web, Phone - simpler replacement for Dropbox
Photos from phone automatically back-up (low resolution) to Google Photos
- Download occasionally via USB to Shack Laptop then delete originals from phone
- rsync from Shack Laptop → NAS1 Pictures share

Steps

~~Move wanted document files etc. from Dropbox to NAS, until up against the big “Pictures” folder….~~
~~Delete large bulk of files (i.e. those already safe on NAS1) from Dropbox~~
~~Start caja-dropbox on shack laptop and allow it to sync the remaining files (predominantly Pictures plus some remaining documents etc.)~~
~~Once everything is on Shack Laptop or NAS box → stop caja-dropbox on Laptop → delete Dropbox's copies of everything needed to get below 2GB~~
~~rsync everything else to NAS1 from Shack Laptop~~
~~Downgrade Dropbox account cancel subscription → Confirm refund of this year's subscription → when absolutely certain Delete Dropbox account~~

Plus Side

This Laptop now seems not to get bogged down every time you do anything, once Dropbox is gone!

— John Pumford-Green 02/05/23 08:28

Further Information

Another diversion... I3 Tiling WM

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 07:18:16 +0000

Another diversion... I3 Tiling WM

— John Pumford-Green 09/10/22 13:58

After setting up Alpine and some other console-mode software I got the urge to try going back to another window manager I've played with in the past - I3 WM

I used it on my touchscreen Raspberry Pi that used to live in the LandRover as a control panel for the Icom IC-M710 HF radio - as it's good for simple mouse-less control.

I delved into the usual round of other tiling WMs:

I3
DWM
Herbstluftwm (HLWM)

After setting up some things on I3 to work the way I wanted I didn't see the need to re-invent the wheel by spending time learning/configuring DWM or HLWM so I've settled on I3

There are some snippets of info and configs on a page in the Wiki:

I3 Window Manager

I have it setup on my laptop which runs Antix Linux from a USB memory stick, without using the Hard Drive, and with Persistent Storage working well it's a great, fast and responsive, Linux-on-the-desktop user machine. I'm limited by how much software can be installed, as it all has to fit in 3GB of RAM once it boots. There's some USB storage available for data/documents etc. too.

I'm also setting I3 up on the old laptop I have in the shed as my main fixed machine - which is where I'm learning to write 6502 Assembly, and using I3 tiling WM is great for this - one large tile can have a VIM session to edit the source code, smaller tiles with terminal/shell can be used to assemble the code and to write/burn it to EEPROM, and to handle GIT commits/uploads to GITHUB.

Linux is just so versatile!

I3 Window Manager

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

I3 Window Manager

Various Things related to I3

Background & Conky

Some tiled windows

Floating scratchpad terminal with ranger file manager

Floating scratchpad terminal with Alpine email client

I3 Config and tweaks

Autotile

Make new windows be created in alternating horizontal / vertical arrangement, depending on aspect ratio of the current window.

https://github.com/nwg-piotr/autotiling

I3 Config File

config

# This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1).
# It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like.
#
# Should you change your keyboard layout some time, delete
# this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1).
#
 
 
 
# i3 config file (v4)
#
# Please see https://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference!
 
set $mod Mod4
 
# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
# is used in the bar {} block below.
#font pango:monospace 8
 
# This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
# text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
font pango:DejaVu Sans 10
 
 
default_border normal 3
hide_edge_borders none
binding_mode_indicator yes
 
#set $bg-color #2f446f
#set $inactive-bg-color #2f343f
#set $text-color #ffb25a
#set $inactive-text_color #676e7d
#set $urgent-bg-color #bd2c40
 
#client.focused $bg-color $bg-color $text-color #2255ff
#client.unfocused $inactive-bg-color $bg-color $text-color #225ff
#client.focused_inactive $inactive-bg-color $inactive-bg-color $inactive-text-color #2255ff
#client.urgent $urgent-bg-color $urgent-bg-color $text_color #2255ff
 
workspace_auto_back_and_forth yes
 
# The combination of xss-lock, nm-applet and pactl is a popular choice, so
# they are included here as an example. Modify as you see fit.
 
# xss-lock grabs a logind suspend inhibit lock and will use i3lock to lock the
# screen before suspend. Use loginctl lock-session to lock your screen.
#exec --no-startup-id xss-lock --transfer-sleep-lock -- i3lock --nofork
 
# NetworkManager is the most popular way to manage wireless networks on Linux,
# and nm-applet is a desktop environment-independent system tray GUI for it.
#exec --no-startup-id nm-applet
 
exec --no-startup-id synclient tapbutton1=-1
exec --no-startup-id /home/gm4slv/noblank.sh
exec --no-startup-id conky
exec --no-startup-id xsetroot -solid midnightblue
 
 
exec --no-startup-id ~/background.sh
 
#exec --no-startup-id polybar example
 
exec_always --no-startup-id autotile
#exec_always --no-startup-id ~/autosplit
 
bindsym $mod+p exec --no-startup-id ~/promote-window
 
# Use pactl to adjust volume in PulseAudio.
set $refresh_i3status killall -SIGUSR1 i3status
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
#bindsym XF86AudioMicMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
 
#bindsym XF86AudioMute exec amixer sset 'Master' toggle
#bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec amixer sset 'Master' 5%-
#bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec amixer sset 'Master' 5%+
 
 
# Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
floating_modifier $mod
 
# start a terminal
#bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal
bindsym $mod+Return exec lxterminal
 
# kill focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill
 
# start dmenu (a program launcher)
bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id dmenu_run
# A more modern dmenu replacement is rofi:
# bindcode $mod+40 exec "rofi -modi drun,run -show drun"
# There also is i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications shipping a
# .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that installed.
# bindcode $mod+40 exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop
 
# change focus
bindsym $mod+h focus left
bindsym $mod+j focus down
bindsym $mod+k focus up
bindsym $mod+l focus right
 
# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Left focus left
bindsym $mod+Down focus down
bindsym $mod+Up focus up
bindsym $mod+Right focus right
 
# move focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+h move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+j move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+k move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+l move right
 
# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right
 
# split in horizontal orientation
#bindsym $mod+h split h
 
# split in vertical orientation
#bindsym $mod+v split v
 
# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle
 
# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split
 
# toggle tiling / floating
bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle
 
# change focus between tiling / floating windows
bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle
 
# focus the parent container
bindsym $mod+a focus parent
 
# focus the child container
#bindsym $mod+d focus child
 
# Define names for default workspaces for which we configure key bindings later on.
# We use variables to avoid repeating the names in multiple places.
set $ws1 "1"
set $ws2 "2"
set $ws3 "3"
set $ws4 "4"
set $ws5 "5"
set $ws6 "6"
set $ws7 "7"
set $ws8 "8"
set $ws9 "9"
set $ws10 "10"
 
# switch to workspace
bindsym $mod+1 workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+2 workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+3 workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+4 workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+5 workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+6 workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+7 workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+8 workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+9 workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+0 workspace number $ws10
 
# move focused container to workspace
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number $ws10
 
# reload the configuration file
bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
# restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
bindsym $mod+Shift+x exec i3lock
# exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -B 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"
 
 
 
##############################
#
#  Program Shortcuts
#
##############################
 
# "b" for "browser"
bindsym $mod+b exec --no-startup-id firefox
 
 
##############################
#
#  SCRATCHPAD
#
#
###############################
 
set $scratchpad-size 1000 700
 
bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show
 
bindsym $mod+m [title="AlpineMail"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+n [title="NewsboatReader"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+comma [title="RangerFM"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+period [title="Connman"] scratchpad show ; move position center
 
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T AlpineMail -e ~/rpine 
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T NewsboatReader -e /usr/bin/newsboat
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T RangerFM -e ranger
exec --no-startup-id cmst -M
 
for_window [title="Connman System Tray"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad
for_window [title="AlpineMail"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad
for_window [title="NewsboatReader"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad 
for_window [title="RangerFM"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad 
 
 
################################################
#
#
#
 
 
# resize window (you can also use the mouse for that)
mode "resize" {
        # These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode
 
        # Pressing left will shrink the window’s width.
        # Pressing right will grow the window’s width.
        # Pressing up will shrink the window’s height.
        # Pressing down will grow the window’s height.
        bindsym j resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym k resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym l resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym semicolon resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt
 
        # same bindings, but for the arrow keys
        bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt
 
        # back to normal: Enter or Escape or $mod+r
        bindsym Return mode "default"
        bindsym Caps_Lock mode "default"
        bindsym $mod+r mode "default"
}
 
bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"
 
 
 
# Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
# finds out, if available)
bar {
     font pango:DejaVu Sans mono 10
     status_command i3status -c ~/i3status.conf
}

i3status bar

i3status.conf

# i3status configuration file.
# see "man i3status" for documentation.
 
# It is important that this file is edited as UTF-8.
# The following line should contain a sharp s:
# ß
# If the above line is not correctly displayed, fix your editor first!
 
general {
        colors = true
        interval = 5
}
 
#order += "ipv6"
order += "wireless _first_"
order += "ethernet _first_"
order += "battery 0"
#order += "disk /"
order += "load"
order += "cpu_usage"
order += "cpu_temperature 0"
#order += "memory"
order += "tztime local"
 
wireless _first_ {
        format_up = "W: (%quality at %essid) %ip"
        format_down = "W: down"
}
 
ethernet _first_ {
        format_up = "E: %ip (%speed)"
        format_down = "E: down"
}
 
battery 0 {
	status_chr = "⚡"
        status_bat = "🔋"
        status_unk = "? "
        status_full = "☻ "
	low_threshold = 10
        format = "B: %status %percentage %remaining"
}
 
 
 
disk "/" {
        format = "%avail"
}
 
load {
        format = "L: %1min"
}
 
cpu_temperature 0 {
	format = "T: %degrees°C"
}
 
cpu_usage {
	format = "CPU0 %cpu0 / CPU1 %cpu1"
}
 
memory {
	memory_used_method = "classical"
        format = "%free / %used"
	threshold_degraded = "2G"
        format_degraded = "MEMORY < %available"
}
 
tztime local {
        format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
}

Conky

.conkyrc

# Standard antiX .conkyrc file
# For conky editing help and commands visit = Casey's Conky Reference with Examples {http://www.ifxgroup.net/conky.htm}
 
# set to yes if you want Conky to be forked in the background
background yes
 
short_units yes
 
cpu_avg_samples 1
net_avg_samples 1
 
out_to_console no
 
# X font when Xft is disabled, you can pick one with program xfontsel
#font 7x12
#font 6x10
#font 7x13
font 8x12
#font 7x12
 
# Use Xft?
use_xft yes
 
# Xft font when Xft is enabled
#xftfont gentium:size=12
#ftfont DejaVu Sans:size=10
xftfont DejaVu Sans:bold:size=9
#xftfont DejaVu Sans:size=9
 
# Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus, pcmanfm and rox desktops)
own_window yes
own_window_class Conky
own_window_transparent yes
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar
own_window_type override
 
# Text alpha when using Xft
xftalpha 1.0
 
#on_bottom no
 
# Update interval in seconds
update_interval 1
 
# Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone)
double_buffer yes
 
# Minimum size of text area
minimum_size 55
maximum_width 190
 
# Draw shades?
draw_shades no
 
# Draw outlines?
draw_outline no
 
# Draw borders around text
draw_borders no
 
# Stippled borders?
stippled_borders 0
 
# border margins
#border_margin 10
 
# border width
border_width 2
 
# Default colors and also border colors
default_color white
default_shade_color white
default_outline_color white
 
#color ffffff
color4 yellow
color8 77ccff
color9 5599cc
 
# Text alignment, other possible values are commented
# alignment top_left
alignment top_right
#alignment bottom_left
#alignment bottom_right
 
# Gap between borders of screen and text
 
gap_x 20
gap_y 40
 
# Add spaces to keep things from moving about?  This only affects certain objects.
use_spacer right
 
# Subtract file system buffers from used memory?
no_buffers yes
 
# if_up_strictness link:  up | link | address
if_up_strictness address
 
# set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase
uppercase no
 
TEXT
${alignc}$nodename
${alignc}${color8}${font DejaVu Sans:size=12}${time %H:%M} ${font} ${color}
${alignc}${time %a %d %b}
${alignc}Uptime: $uptime
#${alignc}${exec disp=${DISPLAY#:}; disp=${disp%.[0-9]}; cat $HOME/.desktop-session/desktop-code.$disp 2>/dev/null}
#res:${alignr}${execi 60 xdpyinfo | sed -n -r "s/^\s*dimensions:.*\s([0-9]+x[0-9]+).*/\1/p"}
#dpi:${alignr}${execi 60 sed -nr "s/^\s*Xft.dpi:\s*([0-9]+(x[0-9]+)?).*/\1/p" $HOME/.Xresources | grep "[0-9]" || echo 96}
#Automount: ${alignr}${execi 60 grep -q "^automount=TRUE" $HOME/.desktop-session/automount.conf 2>/dev/null && echo "enabled" || echo "disabled"}
Freq:${alignr}${freq}
CPU:${alignr}${cpu}%
#${color}Init:${alignr}${color3}${execi 60 detect-init.sh}
${alignr}${cpugraph cpu0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
Disk:${alignr}${diskio}
${alignr}${diskiograph 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${if_up eth0}
eth0 up: $alignr ${upspeed eth0}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   eth0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
eth0 down: $alignr ${downspeed eth0}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth0 30,170  5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up eth1}
eth1 up: $alignr ${upspeed eth1}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   eth1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
eth1 down: $alignr ${downspeed eth1}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth1 30,170  5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up wlan0}
 
Wireless 
IP  $alignr ${addr wlan0}
Gate $alignr  $gw_ip
NS $alignr $nameserver
 
wlan0 up: $alignr ${upspeed wlan0}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   wlan0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
wlan0 down: $alignr ${downspeed wlan0}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph wlan0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up wlan1}
wlan1 up: $alignr ${upspeed wlan1}
${alignr} ${upspeedgraph   wlan1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
wlan1 down: $alignr ${downspeed wlan1}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph wlan1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${endif}
${alignr}${color8}Used / Total ${color}
RAM:${alignr}$mem / $memmax
Swap:${alignr}$swap / $swapmax
/ Disk:${alignr}${fs_used /} / ${fs_size /}
#${alignc}${execi 1000 persist-enabled}
 
${font DejaVu Sans Mono:size=10}${execi 30 ~/ruptime}

Gather ruptime information about local LAN Linux boxes from the rwhod service and format it with a small script ~/ruptime called from conkyrc

${font DejaVu Sans Mono:size=10}${execi 30 ~/ruptime}

ruptime local script

#!/bin/bash
 
/usr/bin/ruptime -a | cut -c1-8,13-16,18-27

Real ruptime returns:

gm4slv@antix1:~ $ ruptime 
antix1        up    1+04:34,     0 users,  load 0.63, 0.48, 0.47
aprs          up  116+04:03,     0 users,  load 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
laptop        up    9+16:04,     0 users,  load 1.27, 1.09, 1.04
nas1          up  185+23:19,     0 users,  load 0.33, 0.48, 0.47
shack         up      16:19,     0 users,  load 0.16, 0.22, 0.21

My small script formats it for conky

gm4slv@antix1:~ $ ./ruptime 
antix1    up   1+04:34
aprs      up 116+04:03
laptop    up   9+16:04
nas1      up 185+23:19
shack     up     16:19

add neofetch output as image to root window

background.sh

#!/bin/bash



while :
do
	
	neofetch --disable term > fetch

	ansilove -q -m transparent fetch

	feh --bg-center -B midnightblue fetch.png

	sleep 300

done

Keys cheatsheet

$mod+p = promote window

$mod+Return = terminal

$mod+Shift+q = kill window

$mod+d = dmenu

$mod+h = focus left
$mod+j = focus down
$mod+k = focus up
$mod+l = focus right


$mod+Shift+h = move left
$mod+Shift+j = move down
$mod+Shift+k = move up
$mod+Shift+l = move right


$mod+f = fullsreen toggle


=== When using Autotile these are for the next window to be created ====

$mod+s = stacking
$mod+w = tabbed
$mod+e = toggle h or v

=== Toggle a window between tiled and floating ===

$mod+Shift+space = floating toggle

=== Switch focus between a floating window and the tiled window(s)

$mod+space focus mode_toggle


$mod+a = focus parent

Additional Software

urxvt

Configured vi ~/.Xdefaults

For Ranger icons use DejavuSansMono NFM:size=11:style=Book

A bug makes font rendering odd, with too much space between characters (kerning is wrong)

A fix is to put Xft.rgba: none into ~/.Xdefaults

Another fix is to put URxvt.letterSpace=-1 into ~/.Xdefaults

Here's the ~/.Xdefaults I use:

Some un-used lines are commented out, but might be useful in testing….

Xft.rgba: none
#Xft.hintstyle: hintfull
#URxvt.letterSpace:-1
 
Xcursor.size:10
#URxvt.skipBuiltinGlyphs: true
URxvt.scrollBar: false
URxvt.boldFont: 
#URxvt.font: xft:DejaVuSansMono:style=Book:size=11
#URxvt.font: xft:Monospace:size=11, xft:DejaVuSansMono NFM:style=Book
URxvt.font: xft:DejaVuSansMono NFM:size=11:style=Book

Ranger

Image Previews: /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :

set preview_images true

set preview_images_method w3m

Draw borders round segments of display /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :
```
set draw_borders both
```
Icons following instructions here: https://github.com/alexanderjeurissen/ranger_devicons
- /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :
```
default_linemode devicons
```
Font for icons : https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v2.2.2/DejaVuSansMono.zip
- unzipped into : ~/.fonts
- font cache re-built with
```
fc-cache -fv
```
Use Lxterminal - handles icons and image previews (st is poor for image previews)
commands for exracting and creating compressed archives (zip, tar, tar.gz etc) from here https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ranger#Archives
- added both python snippets to /etc/ranger/config/commands.py
- added keybindings to /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf
```
 
map ,n console compress 
map ,m compress temp.zip
map ,e console extract_here 
```
- extract a zip/tar/tar.gz by the keystroke ,e
- create an automatically named temp.zip archive by selecting the files (Space) and then ,m
- create a named archive of your choice ,n your_archive_name.[tar|zip|tar.gz]

<insert> : touch (new file)

gg   : move to top
G    : move to bottom

<F1> : help
<F2> : rename
<F3> : view (less)
<F4> : edit (vim) 
<F5> : copy
<F6> : cut
<F7> : mkdir
<F8> : delete
<F10>: quit


<space> : select
uv : un-select

yy : yank (copy)
dd : cut

ud : un-cut
uy : un-cut(yank)

pp : paste


gh : GoHome
zh : show hidden dotfiles

Archive operation commands
,n : new named archive 
,m : new "temp.zip"
,e : extract_here

— John Pumford-Green 09/10/22 12:38

Further Information

Mercurial

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Mercurial

Snippets to help remember how to use Mercurial Version Control

Create a Repository

Work on files until ready to start version control
Create a repository in the directory
- hg init
add the files
- hg add
commit the changes
- hg commit
- edit the comments and save them
- or use hg commit -m “adding initial version of hello.txt” to add comments directly to the commit log
This has made the first version of the repository.

Simple workflow

Work on files in the repository directory (or copy in files edited and tested elsewhere)
Add any new files
- hg add
Commit any changes
- hg commit -m “comments…..”
This keeps the local (master?) repository up to date with all the changes, in case a reversion to a previous version is necessary. All changes are tracked.

Remote copies

on another machine you can clone a repository - to work on it or as a backup
by ssh
- hg clone ssh://gm4slv@xgate//path/to/repo
- this will pull the repo files across and make an exact copy
- in future you can pull any new changes made on the other (master?) repo by hg pull
- any changes will be brought over, but the working directory won't be brought up to date until you update it:
  - hg update
  - to make this automatic add to the clone repo's .hg/hgrc:

[hooks]
changegroup = hg update

any changes made in the clone repo can he sent back to the master by hg push
- remember to log into the master machine's repo and use hg update - or add the same lines to its .hg/hgrc

[hooks]
changegroup = hg update

any changes made in the master repo can be pushed to the clone(s) using hg push too.
the hgrc file holds the paths for push and pull destinations - should be self explanatory.

The log of commits hg log looks like:

changeset:   12:f69a03ef230f
tag:         tip
user:        John Pumford-Green <john@wire2waves.co.uk>
date:        Sun Mar 24 22:15:09 2024 +0000
summary:     removed previous test comment

changeset:   11:caeb761265b2
user:        John Pumford-Green <john@wire2waves.co.uk>
date:        Sun Mar 24 21:30:03 2024 +0000
summary:     added a comment to check push back to xgate

changeset:   10:146123c9688c
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Sun Mar 24 21:12:45 2024 +0000
summary:     catch up commit. various tweaks. moved to single xgate script that can

changeset:   9:482ed4c74b93
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Sun Feb 20 18:05:13 2022 +0000
summary:     heartbeat watchdog script added to repository

changeset:   8:8a7f5ff9839c
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Sun Feb 20 18:02:49 2022 +0000
summary:     added watchdog heartbeat

changeset:   7:0b870c3f0bc4
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Mon Dec 14 06:45:06 2020 +0000
summary:     simplex version with monitor command disabled

changeset:   6:a8d3082edc19
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Mon Dec 14 06:44:38 2020 +0000
summary:     update

changeset:   5:0b654aa5948a
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Sun Nov 15 22:04:11 2020 +0000
summary:     removed old commented functions etc.

changeset:   4:00b921d165c6
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Sun Nov 15 21:48:59 2020 +0000
summary:     changes to use dual-band V/UHF access

changeset:   3:bb599b01bd56
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Thu Nov 12 16:21:40 2020 +0000
summary:     ATU Tune returns "... complete"

changeset:   2:c9a9e04c7ad2
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Thu Nov 12 16:08:35 2020 +0000
summary:     ignore pyc files

changeset:   1:d668512ccedd
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Thu Nov 12 16:03:47 2020 +0000
summary:     remove unneeded file

changeset:   0:45cc8998c62b
user:        John Pumford-Green <gm4slv@gmail.com>
date:        Thu Nov 12 15:55:29 2020 +0000
summary:     first commit - current running code for xGate using IC-M710 HF transceiver.

— John Pumford-Green 24/03/24 22:23

Further Information

Laptop Backup via rsync

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 15:22:08 +0000

←Archive

Laptop Backup via rsync

A simple way to keep a backup of my laptop Home directory

Backup hosts

where to put the backups for safe keeping

A NAS box on my home LAN : nas1
An old Lenovo Laptop acting as a LAN file server : laptop
My cloud VPS server : g4slv.info

Rsync Script

To automate the backup to any of the three backup hosts above I've got a script, obviously.

The script checks which hosts are currently online and reachable and backs up the same data to each of them. This check means any of the hosts can be turned off but the script won't simply hang waiting for connection timeout before trying the next hosts.

To reduce the traffic, and to limit backing up needless data (i.e. don't just backup the whole of $HOME) I have an exclude file that lists files and directories that should be ignored.

The backups are saved in a remote Directory called “devuan” - the laptop being backed up is running Devuan linux and has the hostname devuan

I also backup a mirror of the wiki to the local NAS and Laptop hosts (as long as I remember to pull a backup/mirror down from the wiki server first). There's no point in backing this up to the remote VPS - since that's the machine where the wiki lives in the first place!

Exclude

/fetch
/fetch.png
/.fehbg
.lesshst
.viminfo
*mutt*
aur/
muttheadercache
muttmessagecache/
*.img
*.iso
.cache/
.claws-mail/
.cups/
.dbus/
.fonts/
.mozilla/
.librewolf/
Kate/
.config/chromium/*
.config/pulse/*
.config/xfce4*
.config/libreoffice
.local/bin/*
.local/share/*
.zoom/*
Pictures/*
Downloads/*
Nextcloud/
yadd_full*
eSIM*
bin/dokuwiki/*

Rsync Script

#!/bin/bash
#
 
# The NAS1 destination is a share called  Backups
# which is accessed via "daemon rsync" at nas1::Backups
# rather than a directory in /home/g4slv
# this allows passwordless rsync. Necessary since the ssh
# server @ nas1 is too old to accept identity keys from
# modern ssh clients - so normal rsync-over-ssh would require
# a password.
#
# Using a "module" overcomes this, and allows for automatic
# backups.
#
 
 
EXCLUDEFROM=~/exclude
SOURCE=/home/g4slv/
 
DEST=devuan
WIKI=wiki
#CLOUD=217.154.53.244
CLOUD=g4slv.info
 
# Test if the destinations are reachable
NAS=` ping -c 1 -w 1 192.168.21.5 | grep received | awk '{print $4}'`
LAPTOP=` ping -c 1 -w 1 192.168.21.101 | grep received | awk '{print $4}'`
INFO=` ping -c 1 -w 1 $CLOUD | grep received | awk '{print $4}'`
 
if [ $NAS == 1 ]
then
	rsync -av --delete /var/www/html/ 192.168.21.5::Backups/$WIKI
	rsync -av  --exclude-from=$EXCLUDEFROM $SOURCE 192.168.21.5::Backups/$DEST
else
	echo "NAS1 not found"
fi
 
if [ $LAPTOP == 1 ]
then
	rsync -av --delete /var/www/html/ 192.168.21.101:backups/$WIKI
	rsync -av --exclude-from=$EXCLUDEFROM $SOURCE 192.168.21.101:backups/$DEST
else
	echo "Laptop not found"
fi
 
if [ $INFO == 1 ]
then
rsync -av -e 'ssh -p xxxx' --exclude-from=$EXCLUDEFROM $SOURCE $CLOUD:backups/$DEST
else
	echo "Server INFO not found"
fi

Dokuwiki Mirror/Backup

I have a script to pull a copy of the dokuwiki files from the VPS and put them in /var/www/html/* on my laptop. The laptop runs apache2 and can server the wiki itself. This mirror can be backed up through the above script to the other backup hosts nas1 and laptop

#!/bin/bash
 
rsync -av -e "ssh -p xxxx" --progress  xxxx@g4slv.info:/var/www/html/dokuwiki/ dokuwiki/
 
sudo rsync -av dokuwiki/ /var/www/html/dokuwiki/
 
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/dokuwiki

— John Pumford-Green 29/01/26 13:48 GMT

Further Information

computer, backup

Diversion into the Linux Serial Console...

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 07:16:30 +0000

Diversion into the Linux Serial Console...

— John Pumford-Green 01/10/22 22:26

In preparation to my plan of adding a pair of RS232 serial ports to the next iteration of the 6502 computer I dug out an old Wyse serial terminal to use. I thought I'd check it still worked after many idle years gathering dust. It was last used when I first started playing with Linux on an old 486/DX2 machine (Red Hat 6 I think) and used it to access the headless 486 machine through a serial console.

To re-live the experience I hooked it up to my little “pico-ITX” Linux server, which has a real serial port with a 9-pin D connector (!) and set about configuring Debian 11 with systemd (urgh!) to provide a console and login on /dev/ttyS0.

Linux Serial Console

Then I remembered using Pine as an email client via a terminal session (and in xterm windows, and a non-X linux virtual terminal) so I thought I'd install it and re-live those days. Pine is no longer (easily) available but a new version is still being maintained - Alpine

Installed it and spent a happy evening getting it to work with 2 different IMAP accounts (and the correct SMTP servers) Old stuff but good

And then, telnet and telnetd….. and ftp and ftpd….. oh, those were the days..!

I wanted to install and run slrn for USENET NNTP news, like the old days, but I discovered there was no point even trying, as there seems to be no freely available NNTP servers around any more. Back in the day most ISPs seemed to provide a server even if it was limited in the newsgroups it carried. That doesn't seem to be the case any more.

On the subject of Wyse terminals and Linux I stumbled on a You Tube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQTr9ZOJkC0&feature=share&si=ELPmzJkDCLju2KnD5oyZMQ and this led to another interesting video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUmTaRu6o8g&feature=share&si=ELPmzJkDCLju2KnD5oyZMQ describing a console-mode RSS reader Newsboat so I had to try it….

I've enabled the RSS feed from this dokuwiki WiKi/Blog, just to play…. point your RSS software at https://www.gm4slv.org.uk/dokuwiki/feed.php

Well, now I've got Alpine, Lynx and Newsboat running in a Tmux session, accessed from a nice amber glowing CRT with the Wyse-185.

Now I need to build Mk2 of the 6502 - which is going to be wire-wrapped and much more compact than the rat's nest of Mk1

computer, linux

SSL Install on VPS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

SSL Install on VPS

I decided to bite the bullet and obtain an SSL certificate and install it on this VPS, and configure Apache2 to use HTTPS instead of plain HTTP.

I used Fasthost again to obtain the SSL certificate, and some of their instructions were a little dodgy regarding the steps to install it and get Apache to work with SSL. I managed in the end though.

gm4slv.org.uk now has a SSL certificate and connections to port 80 HTTP will be automatically redirected to port 443 HTTPS.

The steps with Apache (ignoring the process of obtaining the certificates):

There are 3 certificate files:

*.key is generated on the VPS itself with

openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout gm4slv.org.uk.key -out gm4slv.org.uk.csr

the signed *.crt file obtained from the signing authority via FastHost (it's the gm4slv.org.uk.csr key signed by the authority's key)
the “intermediate” file obtained from the signing authority via FastHost (this is the “chain of authority” file?)

Once the keys are to hand:

copy the 3 certificate files to a directory on the VPS. I used /usr/local/ssl/
tell Apache where to find the keys:
- add to default-ssl.conf virtual host site file
  - SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt
  - SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/ssl/gm4slv.org.uk.key
  - SSLCertificateChainFile /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem
add ssl mod to Apache:
```
 a2enmod ssl 
```
make symbolic link in sites-enabled pointing to sites-available/default-ssl.conf
restart apache
open VPS firewall port 443 in FastHost control panel
browse to https://gm4slv.org.uk

set up redirect of plain HTTP to SSL HTTPS by adding to 000-default.conf

    ServerName gm4slv.org.uk
    ServerAlias www.gm4slv.org.uk
    Redirect permanent / https://gm4slv.org.uk/

restart apache

Job Done

ssl, apache, vps

Dokuwiki & Encryption

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 07:18:42 +0000

Dokuwiki & Encryption

I'm now using the encrypted passwords plugin to encrypt sensitive information on dokuwiki pages. This plugin has the advantage that the encryption used can be decrypted outside of Dokuwiki (e.g. if I can only get hold of the raw text file from a backup) via openssl.

An example of off-line decryption - I copied the encrypted text from a dokuwiki page and pasted it into the echo command below. At the openssl password prompt I entered the password used to encrypt and out popped the clear text this is an encryption test

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ echo 'U2FsdGVkX1/oih+ShQJ/EcEaeOk4JVl4IU2FI1d35A/jAsfy/2nwGbcLEEgABjQf' | openssl base64 -d |openssl aes-256-cbc -d -pbkdf2
enter aes-256-cbc decryption password:
this is an encryption test

The plugin is documented here:

https://www.dokuwiki.org/plugin:encryptedpasswords

(UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 30/05/22 16:48 )

I found the encrypted passwords plugin didn't work on the sandbox wiki installation. The only difference I can see is that the sandbox uses PHP7.4 rather than PHP7.3 on the production webserver.

I've installed the dokucrypt2 plugin https://www.dokuwiki.org/plugin:dokucrypt2 on both machines and it works on both.

I'll have to de-crypt the original encrypted pages and re-encrypt them using the dokucrypt2 plugin if I want to access them on the sandbox machine, but that's not too difficult to do, there's not much encrypted information (yet).

(UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 30/05/22 19:43 )

I solved the issue with the sandbox server - it needs to be enabled for HTTPS (SSL) for this plugin to work.

I installed a self-signed certificate and set up SSL for the shack's webserver as detailed here: Sandbox Server and the original plugin works. Which is good, because I preferred it to the dokucrypt2 plugin.

Page Updated: 04/06/26 08:18 BST

dokuwiki, ssl

DokuWiki Tweaks

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 15:02:31 +0000

←Dokuwiki

DokuWiki Tweaks

Hide Revisions and Page Source for not-ADMIN in Users

Edit ../lib/tpl/monobook/conf/tabs.php to add the check of AUTH_ADMIN for the tabs for Page Source and Revisions

            if(!empty($INFO["exists"])){
                $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"] = $lang["btn_edit"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
            }else{
                $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"] = $lang["btn_create"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
            }
        }
    }elseif (actionOK("source") && (auth_quickaclcheck($ID) == AUTH_ADMIN)){ //check if action is disabled and also that AUTH_ADMIN is logged in
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"]      = $lang["btn_source"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["accesskey"] = "E";
    }
 
 
    //old versions/revisions tab
    if (!empty($INFO["exists"]) &&
            actionOK("revisions")
        && (auth_quickaclcheck($ID) == AUTH_ADMIN)) // check AUTH_ADMIN is logged in to see old revisions
        { //check if action is disabled
        //ATTENTION: "ca-history" is used as css id selector!
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["text"]      = $lang["btn_revs"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["href"]      = wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "revisions"), false, "&");
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["accesskey"] = "O";
        if ($ACT === "revisions"){ //$ACT comes from DokuWiki core
            $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["class"] = "selected";
        }

Include / Blog "Read More..."

The default is for a “read more…” link to be placed at the extreme right of the page - which is not ideal when using Monobook template.

I found the css setting that controls the position of “read more…” in ../lib/plugins/include/style.css

div.dokuwiki p.include_readmore {
  text-align: right;
}

changing it to

div.dokuwiki p.include_readmore {
  text-align: left;
}

solved the problem and “read more…” is now on the left, directly at the point that the eyes get to when reading a post on the main blog index page.

To prevent this being overwritten on updates I found it works to put the same stanza in ../conf/userstyle.css which should keep it safe…

Vector / Monobook tweaks

I like the Vector and Monobook templates, very similar feel to Wikipedia

Logout errors with later versions of Dokuwiki

After upgrading Dokuwiki to Igor it became impossible to log out due to a warning

Security Token did not match. Possible CSRF attack.

I initially ignored it but then downgraded back to Hogfather as there seemed to be no fix - other than to use a different template.

I recently upgraded to the latest Dokuwiki (Jack Jackrum), and upgraded all plugins and templates where possible. However the problem with logout with Vector and Monobook re-appeared.

I found there was a fix described on the forum:

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/20248-security-token-did-not-match-possible-csrf-attack-cannot-log-out

and the cure is to edit the appropriate line in main.php for each template, as the author seems not to be maintaining these templates any more, at least not the official ones accessed via Dokuwiki's Template/Extension installer. The github repository shows that the fix has been applied to Vector, and a pull request submitted to fix Monobook, the fixes haven't appeared in the official versions.

The does work, though…

For Vector edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/vector/main.php to add , 'sectok' ⇒ getSecurityToken() in the array statement after “do” ⇒ “logout”

 echo  "      <li id=\"pt-logout\"><a href=\"".wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "logout", 'sectok' => getSecurityToken()))."\" rel=\"nofollow\">".hsc($lang["btn_logout"])."</a></li>\n"; //language comes from DokuWiki core

and the same for Monobook

 echo  "          <li id=\"pt-logout\"><a href=\"".wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "logout", 'sectok' => getSecurityToken()))."\" rel=\"nofollow\">".hsc($lang["btn_logout"])."</a></li>\n"; //language comes from DokuWiki core

Monospace font

I found the style applied to monospace text was a little underwhelming.

I found the place to change it:

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/{vector|monobook}/user/screen.css

add the the following and adjust as needed:

div#content .dokuwiki code {
  font-size: 100%;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  background-color: #eee;
  color: #00f;
  direction: ltr;
  text-align: left;
}

Footer Buttons

Remove the default footer buttons by editing {vector|monobook}/user/buttons.php and adding

For Monobook, change to

$_monobook_btns = array();

//delete all (defaults)
$_vector_btns = array();

this suppresses the inclusion of footer buttons from vector/conf/buttons.php

Add just the Dokuwiki and Vector/Monobook Buttons

Edit {vector|monobook}/user/buttons.php

Swap monobook for vector as appropriate

<?php
 
//check if we are running within the DokuWiki environment
if (!defined("DOKU_INC")){
    die();
}
//delete all (defaults)
$_vector_btns = array();  
 
//note: The buttons will be rendered in the order they were defined. Means:
//      first button will be rendered first, last button will be rendered at
//      last.
//DokuWiki button
$_vector_btns["dw"]["img"]      = DOKU_TPL."static/img/button-dw.png";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["href"]     = "https://www.dokuwiki.org/";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["width"]    = 80;
$_vector_btns["dw"]["height"]   = 15;
$_vector_btns["dw"]["title"]    = "DokuWiki";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["nofollow"] = !(cleanID(getID()) === "start");
 
//"vector for DokuWiki" button
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["img"]      = DOKU_TPL."static/img/button-vector.png";
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["href"]     = "https://www.dokuwiki.org/template:vector";
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["width"]    = 80;
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["height"]   = 15;
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["title"]    = $lang["vector_mdtemplatefordw"];
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["nofollow"] = !(cleanID(getID()) === "start");

Symbol Chooser font size

The drop-down picker for choosing a symbol to insert in the text being edited is very small in Monobook as standard.

It's controlled by the pickerbutton class and is set at 80% in the standard monobook css.

It's adjusted thus (to 1.2em) and some extra margin added around the symbols:

button.pickerbutton {

padding: 0px;
margin: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
border: 0;
background-color: transparent;
font-size: 1.2em;
cursor: pointer;

}

Put this in user/screen.css with all the other tweaks.

Mobile Scaling

The layout on a phone isn't too good, and can't be zoomed/scaled.

I found this thread:

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/12469-vector-template-doesn-t-display-correctly-on-mobile-devices/6

and applied the comment-out of the line :

//echo "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1\" />";

in main.php and mediamanager.php

the page now scales/zooms okay to make it useable on a phone.

Monobook user/screen.css

/* Give sidebar more space.
 
   Default widths:
   - 12.2em as left spacer for the content area. This example is using 14.2em
     instead.
   - 11.6em as sidebar width. This example is using 13.6em instead.
   - 10.9em as width for the search input field. This example is using 12.9em
     instead.
   - 150px as left spacer for the Ajax searchbox. This example is using 180px.
*/
/* move content container more to the right */
#content {
  margin: 2.8em 0 0 14.2em;
}
#column-content {
  margin: 0 0 .6em -14.2em;
}
#column-content #content {
  margin-left: 14.2em !important; /* adjustment for  IE (7) */
}
/* redefine sidebar width + tab bar position */
.portlet {
  width: 13.6em;
}
#p-cactions {
  left: 13.6em; /* tab bar */
}
/* search input field */
#qsearch__in {
  width: 11.5em;
}
/* ajax "matching pagename" searchbox */
#qsearch__out {
  left: 180px
}
 
div.dokuwiki #dw__toc {
  margin: 1.2em 0 0 2em;
  float: right;
  width: 200px; 
  font-size: 100%;
  clear: both;
  background-color: __background__;
} 
 
div#content .dokuwiki code {
  font-size: 1.1em;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  background-color: #eee;
  color: #22f;
  border-radius: 4px;
  direction: ltr;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: pre;
}
 
div#content .dokuwiki pre {
        border-radius: 5px;
	background-color: #faffff !important;
}
 
button.pickerbutton {
  padding: 0px;
  margin: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
  border: 0;
  background-color: transparent;
  font-size: 1.2em;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.pBody {
	font-size: 1.1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
}
 
#bodyContent {
	font-size: 1.1em;
}
 
kbd.__keyboard {
  color: #0000ff;
  background-color: #defede !important;
  text-align: center;
  border-left: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-top: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-right: 3px solid #666666;
  border-bottom: 3px solid #666666;
  -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;
  border-radius: 6px 6px 6px 6px !important;
  padding-left: 3px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  padding-right: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 0px;
  margin-left: 2px;
  margin-right: 2px;
  vertical-align: top;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 1.1em !important;
}
 
div.qq-upload-button {
 border: 1px solid __border__;
}

Dokuwiki Template CSS

Standard settings for font sizes etc. for different elements is here:

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/css/design.less

add any modified tweaks to the CSS to a userstyle.css i.e. /var/www/html/dokuwiki/conf/userstyle.css

font-size etc

pre {
        border-radius: 10px;
        background-color: #fcffff
}
 
 
code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0px;
    }
 
 
.dokuwiki .aside {
    font-size: 90%;
    }
 
 
body {
    font-size: 90%;
 
}
.dokuwiki div.breadcrumbs {
    font-size: 90%;
    }

Dokuwiki Template Tagline

<p style="font-size:12px;background-color:#a5e4fa;">Try to learn <b><i>something</i></b> about everything, and <b><i>everything</i></b> about something <br> <i> -Thomas Huxley “Darwin's bulldog” (1824-1895)</i></p>

Dokuwiki Timezone

I noticed the timestamps on file creation/modification were in UTC
I'd rather have “local time” so I don't have to think too hard
The answer is here → https://www.dokuwiki.org/tips:timezone
I used the first option, after successfully testing the second (editing php.ini)
I created conf/local.protected.php with

<?php
date_default_timezone_set("Europe/London");

I did sudo chown www-data:www-data local.protected.php too, just to be sure
All looks good - pages created/modified while in summer time show the time in BST and pages modified in winter time show the time in GMT

Add DW2PDF

To allow export of pages from Wiki → PDF format install plugin dw2pdf
to enable functionality it was necessary to install php-mbstring package on the VPS
1. ```
sudo apt-get install php-mbstring
```
```
sudo service apache2 restart
```

UPDATE

— John Pumford-Green 26/04/23 10:04

removed dw2pdf plugin, it is largely unused and adds pointless bloat.

Increase maximum file size upload for Media Manager

edit php.ini
1. ```
sudo vi /etc/php/XX/apache2/php.ini
```
2. change upload_max_filesize = 2M to upload_max_filesize = 20M
3. change post_max_size = 2M to post_max_size = 20M
4. ```
sudo service apache2 restart
```

Allow any file-type upload

From https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/3318-allow-upload-of-any-filetype/5

Edit /var/www/html/www/dokuwiki/inc/media.php and comment out :

    // because a temp file was created already
    //if (!preg_match('/\.(' . $regex . ')$/i', $fn)) {
    //    return [$lang['uploadwrong'], -1];
    //}

jpg upload error - XML

Media manage red warnings when uploading jpg image files

Error: Call to undefined function xml_parser_create()

New VPS was missing the php-xml package.

sudo apt install php-xml
sudo service apache2 restart

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/21045-error-call-to-undefined-function-xml-parser-create

Acronyms & Abbreviations

I find the underlining and “explanation” of some abbreviations/acronyms by dokuwiki, when rendering a page, to be annoying.

such as DNS and ACL

The process is described HERE

To disable this I simply copied the default conf/acronyms.conf to a local version conf/acronyms.local.conf and then edited the local version to remove all the explanations.

# Acronyms.

ACL
AFAICS
AFAIK
AFAIR
API
ASAP
ASCII
BTW
CMS
CSS
DNS
EOF
EOL
EOM
EOT
FAQ
FTP
FOSS
FLOSS
FUD
FYI
GB
GHz
GPL
GUI
HTML
IANAL
IE
IIRC
IMHO
IMO
IOW
IRC
IRL
KISS
LAN
LGPL
LOL
MathML
MB
MHz
MSIE
OMG
OS
OSS
OTOH
PITA
RFC
ROTFL
RTFM
spec
TIA
TL;DR
TOC
URI
URL
W3C
WTF?
WYSIWYG
YMMV

This supresses the annoyance.

— John Pumford-Green 30/04/23 13:49

Add folded plugin

make a clickable hide/reveal section with

++++ visible text | hidden text blah blah ++++

e.g.

There is a table here...

Col1	Col2	Col3
one	two	three

def func():
    print "hello world"

Increase TAGCLOUD font size

edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/plugins/cloud/style.less

increase size factor

/* Size factor. */
@sF: 1.2;

force re-fresh of browser to show new font size.

Keyboard Plugin

tweak the size, border and colour

example keys

Ctrl+C

Tweaks

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/plugins/keyboard/all.css

kbd.__keyboard {
  color: #0000ff;
  background-color: #defede !important;
  text-align: center;
  border-left: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-top: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-right: 3px solid #666666;
  border-bottom: 3px solid #666666;
  -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;
  padding-left: 3px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  padding-right: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 0px;
  margin-left: 2px;
  margin-right: 2px;
  vertical-align: top;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 1.2em;
 
}

Dokuwiki Template monospace font

the colour of the mono font is the same as general text and doesn't stand out as well as in other templates.
edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/css/basic.less with a hex code for a better colour
- but see below for a better place to do the configuraiton

code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0;
    }

To prevent upgrades overwriting these changes - add them to /var/www/html/dokuwiki/conf/userstyle.css
pre relates to the blocks of <code> ////// </code>
code relates to monospaced text

pre {
        border-radius: 10px;
         background-color: #fcffff
 
}
 
code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0px;
    }

Remove Dokuwiki template footer buttons

edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/tpl_footer.php

comment out (  ) the license stanza and/or the <div> that contains the “buttons”

<?php
/**
 * Template footer, included in the main and detail files
 */
 
// must be run from within DokuWiki
if (!defined('DOKU_INC')) die();
?>
 
<!-- ********** FOOTER ********** -->
 
 
 
<div id="dokuwiki__footer"><div class="pad">
 
<!--    <?php tpl_license(''); // license text ?> -->
 
<!--    
<div class="buttons">
        <?php
            tpl_license('button', true, false, false); // license button, no wrapper
            $target = ($conf['target']['extern']) ? 'target="'.$conf['target']['extern'].'"' : '';
        ?>
        <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/donate" title="Donate" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-donate.gif" width="80" height="15" alt="Donate" /></a>
        <a href="https://php.net" title="Powered by PHP" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-php.gif" width="80" height="15" alt="Powered by PHP" /></a>
        <a href="//validator.w3.org/check/referer" title="Valid HTML5" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-html5.png" width="80" height="15" alt="Valid HTML5" /></a>
        <a href="//jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer?profile=css3" title="Valid CSS" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-css.png" width="80" height="15" alt="Valid CSS" /></a>
        <a href="https://dokuwiki.org/" title="Driven by DokuWiki" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-dw.png" width="80" height="15"
            alt="Driven by DokuWiki" /></a>
    </div>
-->
 
 
</div></div><!-- /footer -->
 
 
<?php
tpl_includeFile('footer.html');

Bootstrap3 ThemeByNamespace

To force specific bootstrap/bootswatch themes dependant on the namespace

enable ThemeByNamespace option
create a file in <dokuwiki>/conf called bootstrap3.themes.conf
chown www-data:www-data bootstrap3.themes.conf
add the required theme/namespace mapping:

# Namespace  Bootswatch Theme
start                   bootswatch/darkly
public                  bootswatch/darkly
public:calculator       bootswatch/slate
public:journal          bootswatch/journal
private                 bootswatch/flatly
playground              bootswatch/united
private:wire2waves      bootswatch/paper
blog                    bootswatch/yeti

it seems necessary to disable showThemeSwitcher and to select a default theme to be used outside of any listed in the conf file

Alternative

Using the loadskin plugin

it's possible to switch to the default dokuwiki template when on a mobile device and the vector template when on a computer.

The loadskin plugin seems to lead to problems switching between monobook and vector - the navigation sidebar seems to disappear on one or the other. Not sure where the problem is.

Note Plugin

Various Coloured notes:

<note>
This is my note ! Remember it!!
</note>

<note important>
Warning ! You're about to lose your mind ;-)
</note>

<note tip>
The clues are in the images.
</note>

<note warning>
Beware of the cat when you open the door !!
</note>


++++Note in a Folded section|
<note warning>
Ça fonctionne seulement avec le //div// pas le //span//.
</note>
++++

This is my note ! Remember it!!

Warning ! You're about to lose your mind

The clues are in the images.

Beware of the cat when you open the door !!

Note in a Folded section

Monobook Tweaks

PDF Export Tab

The dw2pdf plugin provides a button on many templates to trigger export to PDF but not on monobook. It's possible to add a tab to the top of the page, beside the edit etc. tabs, to do the the pdf export function.

add the following code to to monobook/user/tabs.php

//PDF plugin: export tab
if (file_exists(DOKU_PLUGIN."dw2pdf/action.php") &&
    !plugin_isdisabled("dw2pdf")){
    $_monobook_tabs["tab-export-pdf"]["text"] = "pdf export";
    $_monobook_tabs["tab-export-pdf"]["href"] = wl(getID(), array("do" => "export_pdf"), false, "&");
}

Vector Interwiki Icons

The icon shown on interwiki links almost always appears as a small “lock” rather than the correct icon

commenting out the .link-https section in /vector/static/3rd/vector/main-ltr.css stops this :

div#content a.external,
div#content a[href ^="gopher://"] {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/external-link-ltr-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}
 
/*
div#content a[href ^="https://"],
.link-https {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/lock-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}
*/
 
div#content a[href ^="mailto:"],
.link-mailto {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/mail-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}

Page Updated: 19/04/26 16:02 BST

dokuwiki

Prepping

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

Prepping

— John Pumford-Green 21/12/22 23:07

We had a “weather event” on Monday December 12th 2022 - a short, sharp and vicious snow storm. Some snow fell earlier in the day, but until lunchtime it wasn't really anything to get excited about….

Then it turned nasty, and somewhat surreal.

The Shetland Power Outage of December 2022

The snow became heavier and had a peculiar “sticky wetness” about it, causing it to cover roads quickly. More significantly it started to cling to overhead power lines, building rapidly and freezing on the lines causing them to begin to fail as the strong wind began to blow the thickened and heavily weighted lines to break under the strain.

I'll ignore the specific sequence of events of my day, as I'm more interested here in the longer term consequences of the snow storm rather then the “excitement” of the day's drama.

We eventually got home after a 4 hour journey in very poor weather, with bad roads (and not a few poor drivers, unused or unable to drive in snow) to contend with, at approx 8pm to find the power at home had failed. This is not unusual, and initially the electricity company (SSEN) were estimating 23:00 for restoration. No problem, we have wood-burning stoves for heating, in two rooms, and a gas (propane) cooker for heating water and for cooking food.

One evening without power is not unusual, and nothing to worry about.

We had our Petzl headtorches on, we lit the woodstoves and we made a meal.

As the evening went on, the full severity of the power failures began to be known, and the repair estimate moved to “22:00 tomorrow”…. It moved further and further away with each successive update.

This was the start of a 6 day power outage, in sub-zero weather conditions, with snow and ice and occasional gale force winds.

The 3 mile section of single track road connecting us to the main road network, and to shops for supplies, was almost impassable by the next morning. I certainly wasn't willing to try my luck, in a 2WD van, for the next 3 days, so we were effectively trapped at home with no power, and the estimated restore time kept being extended as more and more was known of the severity of the damage to the overhead power distribution system. Many, many lines and poles were down. Crews of engineers, and materials, specialized vehicles, helicopters were mobilized from the mainland and began to arrive in the following days.

Short sharp weather event, long power failure

The damage occurred on Monday afternoon, after approx 4 hours of heavy snowfall.

Our power was reconnected at 00:20 on Sunday morning, almost 6 days later.

In that time we had managed to get new food and other supplies on Thursday and Friday, as the road became passable, and the power remained off.

We maintained a continuous online internet and mobile phone connection
we had lighting from headtorches
heat from multi-fuel (Morso Squirrel) stoves
cooking from propane gas cooker.
The water supply remained on throughout.
Food supplies were initially limited for the first few days

“Monday is shopping day” and we usually run-down the stores during the week and replenish the larder on a Monday. The “event” on Monday prevented the usual weekly shop.

We don't keep any emergency supplies of food.

Things that were helpful

a supply of pre-charged 12V Sealed Lead Acid batteries. This allows for re-charging of USB devices (phones, headtorches, USB Battery-power-banks etc) when paired with a 12V powered USB hub, or using a quickly home-made 12V → 5V regulator (7805).
a battery powered 4G MiFi router with an appropriate (EE) SIM card (PAYG, with plenty of Data Credit). This allows continuous connection to internet - important to keep in touch with friends, and to keep abreast of news and announcements about the progress of power repairs.
Petzel headtorches always close at hand. We each have Petzl “Actik Core” headtorches with USB rechargable battery packs. The batteries can be replaced with 3 x AAA batteries if necessary.
a supply of fuel for the Morso Squirrel stoves. This was a recent delivery of £300 worth of softwood logs. At other times of the year we may not have a stock of firewood.
a source of cooking and water heating that doesn't rely on electricity. Propane (Calor) gas powered kitchen cooker, common in rural areas.

Things that could have been better, with pre-planning

Food - have a dedicated supply of long-shelf-life food items, that can be relied on even if the normal food supply is at a low ebb. Keeping a slightly larger “normal” larder, by allowing a reserve to build up week by week, without going mad would also be of assistance, especially for items that wouldn't be suitable for the “emergency long-shelf-life” food cache.
Hygiene and health - have a supply of toilet paper, wet wipes, pain killers, simple first aid items, batteries, candles, matches, lighters. Keep these in one box where they will only be used “in an emergency”.
Water. While this event did not involve a loss of mains water for us, it did affect water supplies elsewhere. In any future event it is not unrealistic to imagine a loss of supply. It would be worthwhile having a stock of water, for drinking, cooking, hygiene etc.
A better form of 12V power - larger capacity batteries, that were known to be fully charged. A 100Ah Leisure battery and a number of 24Ah Sealed Lead acid battery would be longer lasting and provide more confidence, than a random group of “condition unknown” smaller (3Ah?) SLABs.
A pre-prepared source of fuel for the Morso stoves. Wood is useful, but in general is not likely to be kept in sufficent quantity. A better option are smokeless Ovoids. Once the stoves are lit with Ovoids they can be kept burning continuously, 24/7 for days or weeks at a time, and only require 2 daily top ups of new fuel. One bag of ovoids, with care, can fuel 2 stoves for 2 days.
Lighting - a supply of tea-lights and candles would have allowed background room-lighting to supplement the head torches and make the long dark winter evenings more enjoyable. Perhaps a system of 12V powered LED lighting would be even better.
Batteries - have a supply of AA, AAA and CR123 batteries for torches, radios etc
Battery powered AM/FM radio for entertainment without relying on internet/streaming.
Power for ADSL router to allow internet connection without relying on a 4G mobile phone signal. It is possible the ADSL connection may not be available, depending on the state of the power at the local exchange. Having a choice between 4G and ADSL would allow options, though.

Thoughts for the future

Having experienced a 6-day power outage following a single afternoon of heavy snow, it's now easy to imagine a much longer storm, causing much more widespread damage, and leading to a much longer period without power, and without access to the “outside world”.

I am tending to the opinion that it is worthwhile planning for a period of 14 days. Being self-sufficient, at home, with no external assistance, for 2 weeks might never be needed, but the security and confidence of building up this level of preparedness, is liberating. It also means that we won't be a burden on any support services, allowing them to concentrate on the more vulnerable and less well prepared. We can also provide assistance to others if we have a surplus of stores, supplies, tools, batteries, etc.

Becoming a Prepper

I've often read online prepper websites and watched Prepper You Tube videos. Many of them have a few sensible points, but often are aimed at a level of “disaster survival” that seemed of little relevance.

Now, after, a simple snow storm (admittedly of a peculiar type of very wet, very heavy , icy snow) led to being isolated at home for 6 days with no power, it is EASY to imagine a much worse, or longer lasting, event requiring off-grid living, at home, for a longer time period.

I see the benefit of making some simple pre-preperations. Not to survive “the Zombie Apocalypse” or “TEOTWAWKI”, but just a failure of our utility supplies - Electricity, Water or the blockage of transport routes by snow, ice, landslide etc.

If you are going to lay in stores of materials, consumables, food and water, then it's probably worth trying to aim for 14 days of self-sufficiency. Even if not for “natural disaster” - perhaps sudden unforseen job loss, lack of accessible cash/online payment - having enough at home to live for 2 weeks relieves some of the stress.

COVID, with the orders to stay at home, for shops to either be told to close, or for panic buying to rapidly empty the shelves has also shown that unusual situations can occur without warning, and the ability to sit-tight for 2 weeks allows time for a degree of normality to be restored, and shops to be restocked.

More examples come to mind as I think of scenarios to prepare for. Until recently they would appear fanciful, but now, post COVID with climate change starting to impact even the temperate UK weather systems, it's perhaps not hysterical to start planning and prepping for future events.

I'll start adding more pages to the WiKi as I explore Prepping as a project, with the aim of achieving a 14 day autonomy over the course of the next few months.

First Ideas

Some initial thoughts on what might be useful to gather in preparation

Based on the experience from December 2022 6-day power failure.

Some items are already available, other things are newly listed after considering the experience and the intention to extend the autonomy period to 14 days, and including water to the requirement.

Hygiene / Consumables / Household

Toilet Rolls → 9 pack
Candles → 4 per day → 56 → 6 x 10 pack
Tea Lights → 4 per day → 56 → 2 x 50 pack = 100
Batteries
- AA → 2 x 12
- AAA → 2 x 16
- CR123 → 2 x 4
Matches → 4 boxes “Cooks Matches”
Lighters → 4 x BIC/Clipper
Medication
- Paracetamol
- Ibuprofen
- Aspirin
- Prescription?
First Aid - plasters/dressings etc
Wet wipes / hand sanitzer

Fuel

In addition to normal household supplies

Stoves : Ovoids → 7 bags
Firelighters → 4 boxes
Propane → 1 x 13kg
Jet Boil → camping gas

12V batteries and USB power

100Ah Leisure Battery x 1
24Ah SLAB x 3
3Ah & 7Ah & 18Ah SLAB - various
12V → USB Charging device(s)
Solar Panel for recharging batteries
USB Power Banks

Lighting

personal headtorches
personal pocket torches
candle-lantern(s)
12V LED lighting

Food

Pasta → 3 x 1kg (75g per person per meal → 2 x 14 x 75g → 2.1kg)
Rice → 3 x 1kg
- Rice and Pasta combined, and with pulses, makes a meal with complete protein
Dried Noodles
Porrige Oats (can be made with plain water if milk not available, or dried milk powder?)
Tins
- Soup x 28
- Pulses x 14
- Fish x 7
Jars
- Pesto x 4
- Curry Paste x 4
Baking Goods
- Bread Flour
- Dried Yeast
Drinks
- Coffee
- Tea Bags
- Dried Milk
Sundries
- Olive Oil
- Stock Cubes
- Marmite

Shelf Life esitmate

Tins
- Pulses : 4 year
- Soup : 2 year
- Fish : 3 year
Jars
- Pesto : 3 year
- Curry Paste : 3 year
Dried Goods
- Pasta : 2 years
- Rice : 2 years

Water

Aim for 1 gallon per person per day

2 persons x 14 day x 1 gallon → 28 gallons → 6 x 5 gallon jerry cans.

Animals

Dog food → 15kg bag

Communications

Mobile Phones with choice of SIM cards → EE or Vodafone
4G battery powered MiFi router
12V DC powered ADSL router/Wifi Access point
Old DTMF manual dial telephone
Investigate Ham Radio HF Email
Marine Band VHF radio for Coastguard

— John Pumford-Green 22/12/22 09:42

Further Information

prepping

Rolex Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Watches

Rolex Info

History

Interesting Current Models

Milgauss

Date	Model Reference	Calibre	List Price
Dec 2017	116400GV		£6050
Oct 2018	116400GV		£6300
May 2019			£6300
Jan 2020			£6650
Sep 2021	116400GV		£6650
May 2022	116400GV	3131	£7350
Oct 2023	Has been discontinued

Explorer I

Date	Model Reference	Calibre	List Price
Oct 2018	214270 39mm		£5000
May 2019			£5000
Jan 2020			£5200
Sep 2021	124270 36mm		£5150
May 2022	124270 36mm	3230	£5700
Oct 2023	124270 36mm	3230	£6100
Feb 2025	124270 36mm	3230	£6400

GMT Master II

Date	Model Reference	Calibre	List Price
Oct 2018	126710BLRO		£7150
Jan 2020			£7750
Sep 2021	126710BLNR		£7750
May 2022	126710BLNR	3285	£8400
Oct 2023	126710BLNR	3285	£9150
Feb 2025	126710BLNR	3285	£9450

Submariner

Date	Model Reference	Calibre	List Price
Oct 2018	116610LN		£6650
May 2019			£6650
Jan 2020			£7150
Nov 2020	126610LV		£7650
Sep 2021			£7300
May 2022	126610LN	3235	£8050
Oct 2023	126610LN	3235	£8650
Feb 2025	126610LN	3235	£9100

Air King

Date	Model Reference	Calibre	List Price
May 2022	126900	3230	£5900
Oct 2023	126900	3230	£6250
Feb 2025	126900	3230	£6600

Vintage Model Prices

Rolex Website

https://www.rolex.com/watches.html

Page created Sun May 22 00:24:48 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

watch, rolex

Anytone Smart CB for 10M

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Anytone Smart CB for 10M

Small 11m/10m AM/FM mobile

Bought May 2023 from http://www.4x4cb.com/index.cfm - very helpful and friendly CB dealership - well recommended
User Guide : smart.pdf
User Guide : manual_anytone_smart_i_eng_cb.pdf

Modification

Modification to “Export Model” to provide 10m (and 12m) amateur bands and the 11m CB channels
Solder 2 jumper pads as per photo:

Resulting 14 bands can be selected:
- Power-on while holding A/F and cycling through with Mic UP and DN buttons
- Once selected : Power Off, Power On. Display briefly shows active band

Band	Channel 1	Channel 40	Comments
A	25.615	26.055	SS Low
B	26.065	26.505	S Low
C	26.515	26.955	Low
D	26.965	27.405	Mid / CEPT EU
E	27.415	27.855	High
F	27.865	28.305	S High / 10m
G	28.315	28.755	10m
H	28.765	29.205	10m
I	29.215	29.655	10m (29.600 = CH35 R)
J	29.665	30.105	10m +
†	25.165	25.605
L	24.715	25.155
N	24.890	24.990	21 Channels 12m Ham
U†	27.60125	27.99125	UK CB

All channels (except in Band N/12m) end in 5kHz. To drop to -5kHz (end in 0kHz) press/hold RFG. R is displayed.
- For 10m FM on Band I 29.600 is Channel 35 R
The bands follow the usual CB pattern, with 10kHz jumps, Alpha Channels, after 3, 7, 11, 15, 19. The Smart CB includes these as 3A, 7A, 11A, 15A and 19A.
All bands (except Band N 12m which only has 21 channels, and the UK CB band) follow the CB channel protocol of out of sequence channels 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 thus
- Band I (10m FM) with -5kHz R activated
  - Channel 22R : 29.470
  - Channel 23R : 29.500
  - Channel 24R : 29.480
  - Channel 25R : 29.490
  - Channel 26R : 29.510
- The Channels, in frequency order : …22,24,25,23,26…
To select Output Power:
- Press/hold RFG, PTT and Power On
  - Use Mic UP and DN to cycle through 3 power levels:
    - PL = 4W
    - Pn = 8W
    - PH = 15W
  - Once selected : Power Off, Power On
  - 15W might be overdoing it - in such a small package with limited heatsinking. 8W is probably the best option.

10m Channels

Assume R -5kHz is active

Also check with R inactive (freq. ends with 5kHz)

Band	Channel	Frequency	Bandplan/Comments
H	1	28.760
H	2	28.770
H	3	28.780
H	3A	28.790
H	4	28.800
H	5	28.810
H	6	28.820
H	7	28.830
H	7A	28.840
H	8	28.850
H	9	28.860
H	10	28.870
H	11	28.880
H	11A	28.890
H	12	28.900
H	13	28.910
H	14	28.920
H	15	28.930
H	15A	29.940
H	16	28.950
H	17	28.960
H	18	28.970
H	19	28.980
H	19A	28.990
H	20	29.000	AM
H	21	29.010	AM
H	22	29.020	AM
H	23	29.050	AM Out of sequence channel
H	24	29.030	AM
H	25	29.040	AM
H	26	29.060	AM
H	27	29.070	AM
H	28	29.080	AM
H	29	29.090	AM
H	30	29.100	FM
H	31	29.110	FM
H	32	29.120	FM
H	33	29.130	FM
H	34	29.140	FM
H	35	29.150	FM
H	36	29.160	FM
H	37	29.170	FM
H	38	29.180	FM
H	39	29.190	FM
H	40	29.200	FM

Band	Channel	Frequency	Bandplan/Comments
I	1	29.210
I	2	29.220
I	3	29.230
I	3A	29.240
I	4	29.250
I	5	29.260
I	6	29.270	Simplex Gateway
I	7	29.280	Simplex Gateway
I	7A	29.290	Simplex Gateway
I	8	29.300	Sat
I	9	29.310	Sat
I	10	29.320	Sat
I	11	29.330	Sat
I	11A	29.340	Sat
I	12	29.350	Sat
I	13	29.360	Sat
I	14	29.370	Sat
I	15	29.380	Sat
I	15A	29.390	Sat
I	16	29.400	Sat / FM?
I	17	29.410	Sat / FM?
I	18	29.420	Sat / FM?
I	19	29.430	Sat / FM?
I	19A	29.440	Sat / FM?
I	20	29.450	Sat / FM?
I	21	29.460	Sat / FM?
I	22	29.470	Sat / FM?
I	23	29.500	Sat / FM? Out of sequence channel
I	24	29.480	Sat / FM?
I	25	29.490	Sat / FM?
I	26	29.510	Guard
I	27	29.520	RH1 In
I	28	29.530	RH2 In
I	29	29.540	RH3 In
I	30	29.550	RH4 In
I	31	29.560	RH5 In
I	32	29.570	RH6 In
I	33	29.580	RH7 In
I	34	29.590	RH8 In
I	35	29.600	FM Calling
I	36	29.610	Parrot
I	37	29.620	RH1 Out
I	38	29.630	RH2 Out
I	39	29.640	RH3 Out
I	40	29.650	RH4 Out

Band	Channel	Frequency	Bandplan/Comments
J	1	29.660	RH5 Out
J	2	29.670	RH6 Out
J	3	29.680	RH7 Out
J	3A	29.690	RH8 Out
J	4	29.700

Freeband CB Channels

The 11m band channels for information only
- from https://delboyonline.blogspot.com/p/cb-radio-frequency-list.html

— John Pumford-Green 20/05/23 05:49

Further Information

radio, 10m

AOR AR7030

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

AOR AR7030

1. Faults/repairs/mods

July 2022 - Volume encoder u/s
- Bourns ECW1J-B24-AC0024L available at Farnell at £3.80
- Ordered 4 off 16/7/22
- Replaced vol encoder : July 2022
July 2022 - VFO Tuning encoder u/s
- Only changed freq. over a small portion of a revolution
- Using remote control via LAN to operate until a new encoder is sourced

2. Filters

Currently fitted:

Before change (below)

PCB ref	Description	Model	Bandwidth
X3	AM Narrow	CKK455J	3.9
X4	AM Normal #	CFW455IT	5.6
X5	SSB #	CFJ455K14	2.1
X6	FM #	CFU455G2	9.5
X7	AM Wide #	CFW455HT	6.4
X8	CW Collins	MF300	0.5

# = factory supplied

Standard Fitting

PCB ref	Description	Model	Bandwidth
X3	AM Wide	CFW455HT	6.4
X4	AM Normal	CFW455IT	5.6
X5	SSB	CFJ455K14	2.1
X6	FM	CFU455G2	9.5
X7	Option 1
X8	Option 2

Available to fit:

CW / Data / SSB narrow : CFJ455K8 : 1.4

July 2022

Removed un-needed AM-Wide 6.4kHz from X7 and installed 1.4kHz “CW/Data/SSB Narrow”?

This gives :

PCB ref	Description	Model	Bandwidth
X3	AM Narrow	CKK455J	3.9
X4	AM Normal #	CFW455IT	5.6
X5	SSB #	CFJ455K14	2.1
X6	FM #	CFU455G2	9.5
X7	Data	CFJ455K8	1.4
X8	CW Collins	MF300	0.5

# = factory supplied

In order of Bandwidth

1 : 0.5 CW
2 : 1.4 CW/Data
3 : 2.1 SSB
4 : 3.9 AM-Narrow
5 : 5.5 AM-Normal
6 : 9.5 FM

3. Remote Control

The Python module used in netradio for accessing AR7030.

Generic aor.py

aor.py

import serial
import threading
 
 
#sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sport = "/dev/ttyUSB1"
sbaud = 1200
 
lock = threading.Lock()
fract = float(2 ** 24) / 44545
 
 
class Ar7030(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=10)
        self.model = model
 
 
    def check_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        if result:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
    def set_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = ord(byte) | mask
        return result
 
    def clear_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = ~(1 << bit)
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        return result
 
    def get_ident(self):
        sendStr = '\x5f' + '\x40'
        ident = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
        return ident
 
    def get_pre(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
        p = self.check_bit(byte, 4)
        if p:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
        return
 
 
    def pre_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte :
        # bit0 = filter FS3
        # bit1 = filter FS2
        # bit2 = filter FS1
        # bit3 = filter FS4
        # bit4 = preamp enabled
        # bit5 = atten 0 = 20dB / 1 = 40dB
        # bit6 = input filter 0 = HF / 1 = LF
        # bit7 = attenuator enabled
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 ON = preamp ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 4)
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def pre_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 OFF = preamp OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 4)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def get_att(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        a = self.check_bit(byte, 7)
 
        if a:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
 
    def att_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 ON = ATT ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def att_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 OFF = att OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def set_freq(self, freq):
        fval = freq * fract
        #print fval
        b1 = 48 + int(fval / 1048576)
        fval = fval % 1048576
        b2 = 96 + int(fval / 65536)
        fval = fval % 65536
        b3 = 48 + int(fval / 4096)
        fval = fval % 4096
        b4 = 96 + int(fval / 256)
        fval = fval % 256
        b5 = 48 + int(fval / 16)
        b6 = 96 + int(fval % 16)
 
        f_tuple = ( b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6 )
 
        freqStr = ""
        for byte in f_tuple:
            freqStr += chr(byte)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a' + freqStr + '\x24' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Freq Set"
 
    def get_freq(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a'
 
        freqStr = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 3)
 
        f_val = 0
        for k in freqStr:
            f_val = f_val * 256 + ord(k)
 
        return "%.3f" % round(float(f_val / fract),2 )
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self, mode):
 
        if mode == "lsb":
            set_mode_val = "\x66"
        elif mode == "usb":
            set_mode_val = "\x67"
        elif mode == "am":
            set_mode_val = "\x61"
        elif mode == "cw":
            set_mode_val = "\x65"
        elif mode == "data":
            set_mode_val = "\x64"
        elif mode == "fm":
            set_mode_val = "\x63"
        elif mode == "s-am":
            set_mode_val = "\x62"
        else:
            return "Mode not recognized"
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4d' + set_mode_val + '\x22' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Mode sent"
 
    def get_mode(self):
 
        sendStr = "\x50" + "\x31" + "\x4d"
        m = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        mode = ""
        if m == "\x01":
            mode = "am"
        elif m == "\x02":
            mode = "s-am"
        elif m == "\x03":
            mode = "fm"
        elif m == "\x04":
            mode = "data"
        elif m == "\x05":
            mode = "cw"
        elif m == "\x06":
            mode = "lsb"
        elif m == "\x07":
            mode = "usb"
 
        return mode.upper()
 
 
    def get_s(self):
        sendStr = '\x2e'
        sraw = self.tx_rx(sendStr, True, 0)
 
        return ord(sraw)
 
    def get_cal(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x52' + '\x3f' + '\x44' + '\x11'
        #print "sending getcal"
        cbytes = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
 
        cal = []
 
        for c in cbytes:
            cal.append(ord(c))
 
        return cal
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        s = float(self.get_s())
        cal = self.get_cal()
 
        s1 = s - cal[0]
        s2 = s1 - cal[1]
        s3 = s2 - cal[2]
        s4 = s3 - cal[3]
        s5 = s4 - cal[4]
        s6 = s5 - cal[5]
        s7 = s6 - cal[6]
 
        if s1 <= 0:
            dbm = -123
            adj = s / cal[0] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s2 <= 0:
            dbm = -113
            adj = s1 / cal[1] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s3 <= 0:
            dbm = -103
            adj = s2 / cal[2] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s4 <= 0:
            dbm = -93
            adj = s3 / cal[3] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s5 <= 0:
            dbm = -83
            adj = s4 / cal[4] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s6 <= 0:
            dbm = -73
            adj = s5 / cal[5] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s7 <= 0:
            dbm = -63
            adj = s6 / cal[6] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        else:
            dbm = -43
            adj = s7 / cal[7] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
 
    def tx_rx(self, sendStr, reply, n):
        # apply thread lock
        lock.acquire()
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
 
        if reply:  # for reading S-meter
            result = ""
            while not result:
                result = self.ser.read(1)
            lock.release()
            return result
        else:
 
            result = ""
            byte = ""
            while n != 0:
                self.ser.write('\x71')
                #byte = ""
 
                while not byte:
                    byte = self.ser.read(1)
 
                result += byte
 
                byte = ""
                n -= 1
            lock.release()
            return result

Update July 2022

I've modified the server/client code to create a single-radio AR7030 control program that gives access to IF filter, and reads s-meter etc.

New (July 2022) version of Tkinter GUI with S-Meter graph and IF filter Selection

gui_smeter.py

# # new class-based gui
 
from Tkinter import *
import socket
import threading
import time
 
 
 
class Network(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.sock = self.make_con()
 
    def make_con(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.connect(("192.168.21.107", 9999))
        return self.sock
 
    def connect(self, data):
        try:
            lock.acquire()
            self.sock.sendall(data + "\n")
            self.received = self.sock.recv(2048)
        finally:
            lock.release()
            return self.received
 
class Dash(object):
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
 
        self.s = (n1.sock.getsockname())
        self.p = (n1.sock.getpeername())
 
 
 
        dash_frame = Toplevel(master, borderwidth = 2, relief = GROOVE, bg = 'black')
        dash_frame.title("Server")
        dash_frame.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.handler)
        dash_frame.resizable(0, 0)
        dash_frame.geometry("300x150+10-10")
        dash_frame.grid()
 
        self.utc_time = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.utc_time, fg = 'green', bg = 'black').grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.s, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = " < --- > ", bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 1)
 
        Label(dash_frame, text = self.p, bg = 'black', fg = 'white').grid(row = 1, column = 2, sticky = E)
 
        self.server_msg_l = StringVar()
        Label(dash_frame, textvariable = self.server_msg_l, fg = 'yellow', bg = 'black').grid(row = 2, column = 0, columnspan = 3, sticky = W)
 
        q_button = Button(dash_frame, text = "Quit", command = lambda: close())
        q_button.grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = E)
 
    def handler(self):
        pass
 
    def up_dash(self):
        self.server_msg = n1.connect("ident")
        self.server_msg_l.set(self.server_msg)
        self.utc_time.set(time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M", time.gmtime(time.time())))
        return
 
class nRadio(object):
    def __init__(self, master, radio):
        self.master = master
 
        self.radio = radio
        self.num = "".join(("r", self.radio))
 
 
        radio_frame = Frame(master, borderwidth=2, relief=GROOVE)
 
        radio_frame.grid()
        self.smeter_list = []
 
        filter_frame = Frame(radio_frame)
        filter_frame.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=3)
 
        mode_frame = Frame(radio_frame)
        mode_frame.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=3, rowspan=2)
 
        control_frame = Frame(radio_frame)
        control_frame.grid(row=5, column=4, columnspan=3)
 
        q_button = Checkbutton(control_frame, text = "Quit", command = lambda: close())
        q_button.grid(row = 1, column = 1, sticky = W)
 
        Label(radio_frame, text="Name", width=10).grid(row=0, column=0)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Freq/kHz", width=10).grid(row=0, column=1)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Mode", width=10).grid(row=0, column=2)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Signal/dBm", width=10).grid(row=0, column=3)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Max/dBm", width=10, fg='red').grid(row=0, column=4)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Ave/dBm", width=10, fg='green').grid(row=0, column=5)
        Label(radio_frame, text="Min/dBm", width=10, fg='blue').grid(row=0, column=6)
 
        self.name_l = StringVar()
        self.l_name = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.name_l, width=10)
        self.l_name.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
 
 
 
        self.freq_l = StringVar()
        self.l_freq = Label(radio_frame, fg='red', textvariable=self.freq_l, width=10)
        self.l_freq.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
 
        self.mode_l = StringVar()
        self.l_mode = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.mode_l, width=10)
        self.l_mode.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=E)
 
        self.filt_l = IntVar()
        self.r_filt_1 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=1, text="0.5", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_1.grid(row=5, column=2)
        self.r_filt_2 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=2, text="1.4", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_2.grid(row=5, column=3)
        self.r_filt_3 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=3, text="2.1", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_3.grid(row=5, column=4)
        self.r_filt_4 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=4, text="3.9", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_4.grid(row=6, column=2)
        self.r_filt_5 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=5, text="5.5", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_5.grid(row=6, column=3)
        self.r_filt_6 = Radiobutton(filter_frame, variable=self.filt_l, value=6, text="9.5", command = lambda: self.set_filt(self.num))
        self.r_filt_6.grid(row=6, column=4)
        #Label(filter_frame, text="Filter", width=10).grid(row=4, column=2, columnspan=3, sticky=NSEW)
 
        #self.l_filt = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.filt_l, width=10)
        #self.l_filt.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=E)
 
 
        #self.e_filt = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        #self.e_filt.grid(row=6, column=0)
        #self.e_filt.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_filt(self.num)))
 
 
        #self.e_mode = StringVar()
        self.b_mode_usb = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "USB",variable=self.mode_l, value="USB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("usb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_usb.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_lsb = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "LSB",variable=self.mode_l, value="LSB", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("lsb", self.num))
        self.b_mode_lsb.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_cw = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "CW",variable=self.mode_l, value="CW", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("cw", self.num))
        self.b_mode_cw.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
 
        self.b_mode_am = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "AM",variable=self.mode_l,value = "AM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("am", self.num))
        self.b_mode_am.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
 
        self.b_mode_am = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "S-AM",variable=self.mode_l,value = "S-AM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("s-am", self.num))
        self.b_mode_am.grid(row = 1, column = 3)
 
        self.b_mode_data = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "Data",variable=self.mode_l, value="DATA", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("data", self.num))
        self.b_mode_data.grid(row = 1, column = 0)
 
        self.b_mode_fm = Radiobutton(mode_frame, text = "FM",variable=self.mode_l, value="FM", width = 4, command = lambda: self.set_mode("fm", self.num))
        self.b_mode_fm.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
 
        self.b_qsy_up = Button(radio_frame, text = "+1kHz", width = 6, command = lambda: self.qsy_up( self.num))
        self.b_qsy_up.grid(row = 2, column = 2)
 
        self.b_qsy_down = Button(radio_frame, text = "-1kHz", width = 6, command = lambda: self.qsy_down( self.num))
        self.b_qsy_down.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
 
        self.b_update = Button(radio_frame, text = "Get", width = 6, command = lambda:self.get_all())
        #self.b_update.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
 
 
        self.smeter_l = StringVar()
        self.l_smeter = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.smeter_l, width=10)
        self.l_smeter.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky=E)
 
        self.max_var = StringVar()
        self.l_max = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.max_var, width=10)
        self.l_max.grid(row=1, column=4)
 
        self.ave_var = StringVar()
        self.l_average = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.ave_var, width=10)
        self.l_average.grid(row=1, column=5)
 
        self.min_var = StringVar()
        self.l_min = Label(radio_frame, textvariable=self.min_var, width=10)
        self.l_min.grid(row=1, column=6)
 
        self.e_freq = Entry(radio_frame, width=10, bg = 'white', fg = 'black', insertbackground = 'blue')
        self.e_freq.grid(row=2, column=1)
        self.e_freq.focus()
        self.e_freq.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: self.set_freq(self.num)))
 
 
 
        self.pre = IntVar()
        self.cb_pre = Checkbutton(control_frame,text="Preamp", variable=self.pre, command=lambda: self.preamp_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_pre.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
 
        self.l_pre = Label(control_frame, text="Preamp")
        #self.l_pre.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=E)
 
        self.att = IntVar()
        self.cb_att = Checkbutton(control_frame,text="Att", variable=self.att, command=lambda: self.att_onoff(self.num))
        self.cb_att.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
 
        self.l_att = Label(control_frame, text="Att")
        #self.l_att.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)
 
        self.set_log = IntVar()
        self.cb_log = Checkbutton(control_frame,text = "Log to file...", variable = self.set_log)
        self.cb_log.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = W)
 
        self.l_log = Label(control_frame, width = 10, text = "Log to file...")
        #self.l_log.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky = E)
 
        self.c1 = Canvas(radio_frame, width=260, height=100, bg='black')
        self.c1.grid(row=2, column=3, columnspan=4, rowspan=3)
 
        name = self.get_name(radio)
 
 
    def get_all(self):
 
 
        self.get_freq(self.num)
        self.get_mode(self.num)
        self.get_smeter(self.num)
        self.get_preamp(self.num)
        self.get_atten(self.num)
        self.graph_points()       
        self.avg()
        self.max()
        self.min()
        self.get_filt(self.num)
 
        if self.set_log.get() == 1:
            if int(time.time()) % 10.0 == 0:
                self.write_file()
        return
 
 
    def get_filt(self,radio):
        self.filt = n1.connect("getfil" + " " + radio)
        self.filt_l.set(self.filt)
        return
 
    def set_filt(self,radio):
        self.filt = str(self.filt_l.get())
        self.newfilt = n1.connect("setfil" + " " + self.filt + " " + radio)
        #self.e_filt.delete(0,END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
 
    def get_freq(self, radio):
 
        self.freq = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        self.freq_l.set(self.freq)
        return
 
    def set_freq(self, radio):
        self.freq = str(self.e_freq.get())
        self.newfreq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + self.freq + " " + radio)
        self.e_freq.delete(0, END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def qsy_up(self,radio):
 
        oldf = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        newf = str(float(oldf) + 1)
        freq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def qsy_down(self,radio):
        oldf = n1.connect("getfreq" + " " + radio)
        newf = str(float(oldf) - 1)
        freq = n1.connect("setfreq" + " " + newf + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def get_mode(self, radio):
        self.mode = n1.connect("getmode" + " " + radio)
        self.mode_l.set(self.mode)
        return
 
    def set_mode(self, mode, radio):
        #self.mode = str(self.e_mode.get())
        self.newmode = n1.connect("setmode" + " " + mode + " " + radio)
        #self.e_mode.delete(0, END)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def get_smeter(self, radio):
        self.smeter = n1.connect("getsmeter" + " " + radio)
        self.smeter_l.set(self.smeter)
        self.smeter_list.append(float(self.smeter))
        if len(self.smeter_list) > 129:
            self.smeter_list.pop(0)
        return
 
    def avg(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        total = 0
        for i in s:
            total += i
        self.av = round((total / len(s)), 1)
        self.ave_var.set(str(self.av))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.av + 123 + 5), fill="green")
        return self.av
 
    def min(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mn = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i < self.mn:
                self.mn = i
        self.min_var.set(str(self.mn))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mn + 123 + 5), fill="blue")
        return self.mn
 
    def max(self):
        s = self.smeter_list
        self.mx = s[0]
        for i in s:
            if i > self.mx:
                self.mx = i
        self.max_var.set(str(self.mx))
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (self.mx + 123 + 5), fill="red")
        return self.mx
 
    def get_preamp(self, radio):
        self.preamp = n1.connect("getpreamp" + " " + radio)
        if self.preamp == "1":
            self.cb_pre.select()
        elif self.preamp == "0":
            self.cb_pre.deselect()
        return
 
    def preamp_onoff(self, radio):
        self.prestate = self.pre.get()
        if self.prestate:
            n1.connect("preampon" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("preampoff" + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
    def att_onoff(self, radio):
        self.attstate = self.att.get()
        if self.attstate:
            n1.connect("atton" + " " + radio)
        else:
            n1.connect("attoff" + " " + radio)
        self.get_all()
        return
 
 
    def get_atten(self, radio):
        self.atten = n1.connect("getatt" + " " + radio)
        if self.atten == "1":
            self.cb_att.select()
        elif self.atten == "0":
            self.cb_att.deselect()
        return
 
    def get_name(self, radio):
        print radio
        self.all_names = n1.connect("listradios")
        self.radios = self.all_names.split()
        print self.radios
        self.name = self.radios[int(radio) - 1]
        self.name_l.set(self.name)
        return
 
 
 
    def graph_points(self):
        seq = self.smeter_list
        y_stretch = 1
        y_gap = 5
        x_stretch = 0
        x_width = 2
        x_gap = 2
        height = 100
        self.c1.delete(ALL)
        self.c1.create_line(0, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), 310, 100 - (-73 + 123 + 5), fill='white')
        for x, y in enumerate(seq):
            yd = y + 123
            x0 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_gap
            y0 = height - (yd * y_stretch + y_gap)
            x1 = x * x_stretch + x * x_width + x_width + x_gap
            y1 = height - y_gap
            self.c1.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill="yellow")
 
    def write_file(self):
        self.filename = self.name+".txt"
        self.f = open(self.filename, 'a+')
        timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
        log = " ".join((timenow, self.name, self.mode, self.freq, self.smeter, self.preamp, self.atten, "\r\n"))
        self.f.write(log)
        self.f.close()
 
def update():
    #loops = 0
 
    try:
        nRadio1.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio2.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio3.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    try:
        nRadio4.get_all()
    except:
        pass
    #d1.up_dash()
 
    return
 
def main():
    #loops = 0
    while True:
        try:
            nRadio1.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio2.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio3.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            nRadio4.get_all()
        except:
            pass
        #d1.up_dash()
        #loops += 1
        #print threading.currentThread().name, loops
        time.sleep(1)
 
def close():
    n1.connect("quit")
    root.destroy()
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    version = "v0.1"
    lock = threading.Lock()
    root = Tk()
    #w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    #root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h))
    #root.geometry("300x520+0+0")
 
    root.title("AR7030 " + version)
 
    #root.withdraw()
    n1 = Network()
    #radio_count = (n1.connect("count"))
    #radio_count = 3
 
    radio_count = int(n1.connect("count"))
    #if radio_count > 0:
    #    nRadio1 = nRadio(root, "1")
    #if radio_count > 1:
    #    nRadio2 = nRadio(root, "2")
    #if radio_count > 2:
    #    nRadio3 = nRadio(root, "3")
    #if radio_count > 3:
    #    nRadio4 = nRadio(root, "4")
 
    nRadio1 = nRadio(root, "1")    
    #d1 = Dash(root)
 
    #print threading.currentThread().name
    m1 = threading.Thread(target = main)
    m1.setDaemon(True)
    m1.start()
 
    update()
 
    root.mainloop()

New (July 2022) version of aor module, with access to IF filter selection

aor_filter.py

import serial
import threading
 
 
#sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sport = "/dev/ttyS0"
sbaud = 1200
 
lock = threading.Lock()
fract = float(2 ** 24) / 44545
 
 
class Ar7030(object):
    def __init__(self, model):
        self.ser = serial.Serial(sport, sbaud, timeout=10)
        self.model = model
        self.filter = self.get_filter()
 
    def check_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        if result:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
    def set_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = 1 << bit
        result = ord(byte) | mask
        return result
 
    def clear_bit(self, byte, bit):
        mask = ~(1 << bit)
        result = (ord(byte) & mask)
        return result
 
    def get_ident(self):
        sendStr = '\x5f' + '\x40'
        ident = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
        return ident
 
    def get_pre(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
        p = self.check_bit(byte, 4)
        if p:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
        return
 
    def get_filter(self):
        sendStr= '\x50' + '\x33' + '\x44'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
        #print ord(byte)
 
        return ord(byte)
 
    def set_filter(self,filt_no):
        #print "In set_filter with ", filt_no
        try:
            filt_no = int(filt_no)
        except ValueError:
            return "Not a number"
 
        if filt_no > 6:
            return "Out of range"
 
        high = 48 + (filt_no >> 4)
        low = 96 + (filt_no & 15)
 
        sendStr= '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x33' + '\x44' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x23' + '\x80'
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False,0)
 
        #self.get_filter()
 
        return "Command Sent"
 
 
 
    def pre_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte :
        # bit0 = filter FS3
        # bit1 = filter FS2
        # bit2 = filter FS1
        # bit3 = filter FS4
        # bit4 = preamp enabled
        # bit5 = atten 0 = 20dB / 1 = 40dB
        # bit6 = input filter 0 = HF / 1 = LF
        # bit7 = attenuator enabled
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 ON = preamp ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 4)
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
 
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def pre_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 4 OFF = preamp OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 4)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def get_att(self):
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
 
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        a = self.check_bit(byte, 7)
 
        if a:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
 
 
    def att_on(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 ON = ATT ON and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.set_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def att_off(self):
        #get current 8-bit rxcon byte
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48'
        byte = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        # set bit 7 OFF = att OFF and get the new 8-bit rxcon byte
        pon = self.clear_bit(byte, 7)
 
 
        # split new rxcon byte into two 4-bit nibbles, add 48/96 (\x30 and \x60)
        high = 48 + (pon >> 4)
        low = 96 + (pon & 15)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x32' + '\x48' + chr(high) + chr(low) + '\x29' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Command sent"
 
 
    def set_freq(self, freq):
        fval = freq * fract
        #print fval
        b1 = 48 + int(fval / 1048576)
        fval = fval % 1048576
        b2 = 96 + int(fval / 65536)
        fval = fval % 65536
        b3 = 48 + int(fval / 4096)
        fval = fval % 4096
        b4 = 96 + int(fval / 256)
        fval = fval % 256
        b5 = 48 + int(fval / 16)
        b6 = 96 + int(fval % 16)
 
        f_tuple = ( b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6 )
 
        freqStr = ""
        for byte in f_tuple:
            freqStr += chr(byte)
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a' + freqStr + '\x24' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        return "Freq Set"
 
    def get_freq(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4a'
 
        freqStr = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 3)
 
        f_val = 0
        for k in freqStr:
            f_val = f_val * 256 + ord(k)
 
        return "%.3f" % round(float(f_val / fract),2 )
 
 
 
    def set_mode(self, mode):
 
        if mode == "lsb":
            set_mode_val = "\x66"
        elif mode == "usb":
            set_mode_val = "\x67"
        elif mode == "am":
            set_mode_val = "\x61"
        elif mode == "cw":
            set_mode_val = "\x65"
        elif mode == "data":
            set_mode_val = "\x64"
        elif mode == "fm":
            set_mode_val = "\x63"
        elif mode == "s-am":
            set_mode_val = "\x62"
        else:
            return "Mode not recognized"
 
        sendStr = '\x81' + '\x50' + '\x31' + '\x4d' + set_mode_val + '\x22' + '\x80'
 
        self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 0)
        self.filter = self.get_filter()
 
        return "Mode sent"
 
    def get_mode(self):
 
        sendStr = "\x50" + "\x31" + "\x4d"
        m = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 1)
 
        mode = ""
        if m == "\x01":
            mode = "am"
        elif m == "\x02":
            mode = "s-am"
        elif m == "\x03":
            mode = "fm"
        elif m == "\x04":
            mode = "data"
        elif m == "\x05":
            mode = "cw"
        elif m == "\x06":
            mode = "lsb"
        elif m == "\x07":
            mode = "usb"
 
        return mode.upper()
 
 
    def get_s(self):
        sendStr = '\x2e'
        sraw = self.tx_rx(sendStr, True, 0)
 
        return ord(sraw)
 
    def get_cal(self):
 
        sendStr = '\x52' + '\x3f' + '\x44' + '\x11'
        #print "sending getcal"
        cbytes = self.tx_rx(sendStr, False, 8)
 
        cal = []
 
        for c in cbytes:
            cal.append(ord(c))
        #print cal
        return cal
 
    def get_smeter(self):
        s = float(self.get_s())
        cal = self.get_cal()
 
        s1 = s - cal[0]
        s2 = s1 - cal[1]
        s3 = s2 - cal[2]
        s4 = s3 - cal[3]
        s5 = s4 - cal[4]
        s6 = s5 - cal[5]
        s7 = s6 - cal[6]
 
        if s1 <= 0:
            dbm = -123
            adj = s / cal[0] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s2 <= 0:
            dbm = -113
            adj = s1 / cal[1] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s3 <= 0:
            dbm = -103
            adj = s2 / cal[2] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s4 <= 0:
            dbm = -93
            adj = s3 / cal[3] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s5 <= 0:
            dbm = -83
            adj = s4 / cal[4] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s6 <= 0:
            dbm = -73
            adj = s5 / cal[5] * 10
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        elif s7 <= 0:
            dbm = -63
            adj = s6 / cal[6] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
        else:
            dbm = -43
            adj = s7 / cal[7] * 20
            return str(dbm + adj)
 
 
    def tx_rx(self, sendStr, reply, n):
        # apply thread lock
        lock.acquire()
        self.ser.write(sendStr)
 
        if reply:  # for reading S-meter
            result = ""
            while not result:
                result = self.ser.read(1)
            lock.release()
            return result
        else:
 
            result = ""
            byte = ""
            while n != 0:
                self.ser.write('\x71')
                #byte = ""
 
                while not byte:
                    byte = self.ser.read(1)
 
                result += byte
 
                byte = ""
                n -= 1
            lock.release()
            return result

New (July 2022) server with AR7030 filter selection

ar_server_filter.py

#from aor import *
from aor_filter import *
#from icom import *
from conf import *
#from m710 import *
import SocketServer
import time
 
try:
    import readline
except:
    pass
 
lock = threading.Lock()
 
radios = []
 
 
 
#r1 = Icom(n1, a1, cal1)
#radios.append(n1)
 
#r2 = m710(n4)
#radios.append(n4)
 
#r2 = Icom(n2, a2, cal2)
#radios.append(n2)
 
#r3 = Ar7030(n3)
#radios.append(n3)
 
r1 = Ar7030(n3)
radios.append(n3)
 
print radios
#print r1.digi_off()
 
#print r2.remote_on()
 
def count_radios():
    count = len(radios)
    return count
 
 
def list_radios():
    radiolist = ""
    for n in range(0, len(radios)):
        r = radios[n]
        radiolist += (r + " ")
    return radiolist
 
 
def write_file(text):
    filename = 'commandlog.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text))  # make an entry for the log by joining the timestamp with the text passed in
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
def write_con(text):
    filename = 'conlog.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text))  # make an entry for the log by joining the timestamp with the text passed in
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
# The Server
class ThreadedRequestHandler(SocketServer.StreamRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        # we find the current thread for the client connection just set up, to
        # use in the log file
        cur_thread = threading.currentThread()
        # log the new connection details
        write_con("Connect from %s using %s \n" % ((self.client_address[0]), cur_thread.getName()))
        # print to the server's console the new connection IP address/port
        print self.client_address
        # loop to handle client requests....
        while True:
            # using StreamRequestHandler means our input from the client
            # is  "file-like" and can be read with "file-like" commands
            # we read a line at a time, using readline()
            cmd = self.rfile.readline().lower()
            # to keep things clean, we remove any characters that aren't
            # "printable" simple ASCII
            # these are between 32 and 127 in the ASCII table
            # we look at each character, and then make a new word by
            # .join()ing each accepted character with no space in between
            asccmd = "".join(x for x in cmd if ord(x) < 128 and ord(x) > 31)
            # we make a list called "words" holding the received words which
            # will be inspected by various functions
            words = asccmd.split()
            # If a client uses sock.close() itself, to disconnect, it appears that
            # we read a continuous stream of "" on the dead
            # socket, which puts CPU to 100%.
            #
            # The "While" loop is probably responsible, but I can't see another
            # way to keep the connection up for multiple commands.
            #
            # Further connection are accepted due to the Threaded nature of the server.
            # The CPU load is unacceptable though
            # HACK ?>>>>>
            # Looking for "" and then breaking
            # the connection from the server end (even though the client has
            # gone) cures this.
            if cmd == "":
                break
            else:
                pass
            # if the words list is empty, go back and get more input
            if not words:
                continue
            # we have input....
            # filter based on the first word - these are the
            # pre-set commands the server will accept
            # the client wants to know the currently available
            # radio names - held in the variable "rnames"
            elif words[0] == "getnames":
                self.wfile.write(rnames)
            # words[-1] (the last word in the list) will always be the
            # radio name. We give the variable "my_radio" this value, for
            # identifying which radio object to apply the method to
            elif words[0] == "count":
                count = count_radios()
                self.wfile.write(count)
            elif words[0] == "ident":
                ident_text = "GM4SLV Radio Server"
                radio_list = list_radios()
                self.wfile.write(ident_text + "\rAvailable : \n" + radio_list + "\r\n")
 
            elif words[0] == "setfil":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                filt_no = words[1]
                newfilt = my_radio.set_filter(filt_no)
 
                self.wfile.write(newfilt)
            elif words[0] == "getfil":
                my_radio = eval(words[1])
                filt = my_radio.get_filter()
                self.wfile.write(filt)
 
            elif words[0] == "getmode":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                mode = my_radio.get_mode()
                self.wfile.write(mode)
            elif words[0] == "getfreq":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                freq = words[1]
                freq = my_radio.get_freq()
                self.wfile.write(freq)
            elif words[0] == "setmode":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                mode = words[1]
                newmode = my_radio.set_mode(mode)
                self.wfile.write(newmode)
            elif words[0] == "setfreq":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                try:
                    freq = float(words[1])
                    newfreq = my_radio.set_freq(freq)
                    self.wfile.write(newfreq)
                except ValueError:
                    #freq = float(my_radio.get_freq())
                    self.wfile.write("Error in freq. %s No change\r\n" % words[1])
 
            elif words[0] == "getsmeter":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                smeter = round(float(my_radio.get_smeter()), 1)
                self.wfile.write(smeter)
            elif words[0] == "gets":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                s = my_radio.get_s()
                self.wfile.write(s)
            elif words[0] == "listradios":
                radios = list_radios()
                self.wfile.write(radios)
            elif words[0] == "getpreamp":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.get_pre()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preampon":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_on()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preamp2on":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_2_on()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "preampoff":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                preamp = my_radio.pre_off()
                self.wfile.write(preamp)
            elif words[0] == "getatt":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.get_att()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "atton":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.att_on()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "attoff":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                att = my_radio.att_off()
                self.wfile.write(att)
            elif words[0] == "tune":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                tune = my_radio.tune()
                self.wfile.write(tune)
            elif words[0] == "getpwr":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                pwr = my_radio.get_pwr()
                self.wfile.write(pwr)
            elif words[0] == "setpwr":
                my_radio = eval(words[-1])
                spwr = words[1]
                pwr = my_radio.set_pwr(spwr)
                self.wfile.write(pwr)
            elif words[0] == "quit":
                write_con("Got quit from {}\n".format(self.client_address[0]))  # log it
                self.wfile.write("Goodbye! \r\n")  # say Goodbye
                break
            else:  # nothing in words[0] matches a pre-set command....
                write_file("Received %s\n" % words)  # log it, it's unusual
                self.wfile.write("Command not recognized\r\n")  # inform the client
 
 
class ThreadedIcomServer(SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn, SocketServer.TCPServer):
    pass
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # define the lock to be used on the serial port access
    lock = threading.Lock()
 
    # address ('' = all available interfaces) to listen on, and port number
    address = ('', 9999)
    server = ThreadedIcomServer(address, ThreadedRequestHandler)
    server.allow_reuse_address = True
 
    # define that the server will be threaded, and will serve "forever" ie. not quit after the client disconnects
    t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
    # start the server thread
    t.start()
 
    write_con(
        "Server loop running in thread: %s\n" % "".join(t.getName()))

Documentation

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Page created Wed May 25 00:04:50 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST