Make It Tea

DokuWiki Tweaks

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 15:02:31 +0000

DokuWiki Tweaks

Hide Revisions and Page Source for not-ADMIN in Users

Edit ../lib/tpl/monobook/conf/tabs.php to add the check of AUTH_ADMIN for the tabs for Page Source and Revisions

            if(!empty($INFO["exists"])){
                $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"] = $lang["btn_edit"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
            }else{
                $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"] = $lang["btn_create"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
            }
        }
    }elseif (actionOK("source") && (auth_quickaclcheck($ID) == AUTH_ADMIN)){ //check if action is disabled and also that AUTH_ADMIN is logged in
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["text"]      = $lang["btn_source"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-edit"]["accesskey"] = "E";
    }
 
 
    //old versions/revisions tab
    if (!empty($INFO["exists"]) &&
            actionOK("revisions")
        && (auth_quickaclcheck($ID) == AUTH_ADMIN)) // check AUTH_ADMIN is logged in to see old revisions
        { //check if action is disabled
        //ATTENTION: "ca-history" is used as css id selector!
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["text"]      = $lang["btn_revs"]; //language comes from DokuWiki core
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["href"]      = wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "revisions"), false, "&");
        $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["accesskey"] = "O";
        if ($ACT === "revisions"){ //$ACT comes from DokuWiki core
            $_monobook_tabs["ca-history"]["class"] = "selected";
        }

Include / Blog "Read More..."

The default is for a “read more…” link to be placed at the extreme right of the page - which is not ideal when using Monobook template.

I found the css setting that controls the position of “read more…” in ../lib/plugins/include/style.css

div.dokuwiki p.include_readmore {
  text-align: right;
}

changing it to

div.dokuwiki p.include_readmore {
  text-align: left;
}

solved the problem and “read more…” is now on the left, directly at the point that the eyes get to when reading a post on the main blog index page.

To prevent this being overwritten on updates I found it works to put the same stanza in ../conf/userstyle.css which should keep it safe…

Vector / Monobook tweaks

I like the Vector and Monobook templates, very similar feel to Wikipedia

Logout errors with later versions of Dokuwiki

After upgrading Dokuwiki to Igor it became impossible to log out due to a warning

Security Token did not match. Possible CSRF attack.

I initially ignored it but then downgraded back to Hogfather as there seemed to be no fix - other than to use a different template.

I recently upgraded to the latest Dokuwiki (Jack Jackrum), and upgraded all plugins and templates where possible. However the problem with logout with Vector and Monobook re-appeared.

I found there was a fix described on the forum:

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/20248-security-token-did-not-match-possible-csrf-attack-cannot-log-out

and the cure is to edit the appropriate line in main.php for each template, as the author seems not to be maintaining these templates any more, at least not the official ones accessed via Dokuwiki's Template/Extension installer. The github repository shows that the fix has been applied to Vector, and a pull request submitted to fix Monobook, the fixes haven't appeared in the official versions.

The does work, though…

For Vector edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/vector/main.php to add , 'sectok' ⇒ getSecurityToken() in the array statement after “do” ⇒ “logout”

 echo  "      <li id=\"pt-logout\"><a href=\"".wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "logout", 'sectok' => getSecurityToken()))."\" rel=\"nofollow\">".hsc($lang["btn_logout"])."</a></li>\n"; //language comes from DokuWiki core

and the same for Monobook

 echo  "          <li id=\"pt-logout\"><a href=\"".wl(cleanID(getId()), array("do" => "logout", 'sectok' => getSecurityToken()))."\" rel=\"nofollow\">".hsc($lang["btn_logout"])."</a></li>\n"; //language comes from DokuWiki core

Monospace font

I found the style applied to monospace text was a little underwhelming.

I found the place to change it:

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/{vector|monobook}/user/screen.css

add the the following and adjust as needed:

div#content .dokuwiki code {
  font-size: 100%;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  background-color: #eee;
  color: #00f;
  direction: ltr;
  text-align: left;
}

Footer Buttons

Remove the default footer buttons by editing {vector|monobook}/user/buttons.php and adding

For Monobook, change to

$_monobook_btns = array();

//delete all (defaults)
$_vector_btns = array();

this suppresses the inclusion of footer buttons from vector/conf/buttons.php

Add just the Dokuwiki and Vector/Monobook Buttons

Edit {vector|monobook}/user/buttons.php

Swap monobook for vector as appropriate

<?php
 
//check if we are running within the DokuWiki environment
if (!defined("DOKU_INC")){
    die();
}
//delete all (defaults)
$_vector_btns = array();  
 
//note: The buttons will be rendered in the order they were defined. Means:
//      first button will be rendered first, last button will be rendered at
//      last.
//DokuWiki button
$_vector_btns["dw"]["img"]      = DOKU_TPL."static/img/button-dw.png";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["href"]     = "https://www.dokuwiki.org/";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["width"]    = 80;
$_vector_btns["dw"]["height"]   = 15;
$_vector_btns["dw"]["title"]    = "DokuWiki";
$_vector_btns["dw"]["nofollow"] = !(cleanID(getID()) === "start");
 
//"vector for DokuWiki" button
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["img"]      = DOKU_TPL."static/img/button-vector.png";
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["href"]     = "https://www.dokuwiki.org/template:vector";
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["width"]    = 80;
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["height"]   = 15;
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["title"]    = $lang["vector_mdtemplatefordw"];
$_vector_btns["vecfdw"]["nofollow"] = !(cleanID(getID()) === "start");

Symbol Chooser font size

The drop-down picker for choosing a symbol to insert in the text being edited is very small in Monobook as standard.

It's controlled by the pickerbutton class and is set at 80% in the standard monobook css.

It's adjusted thus (to 1.2em) and some extra margin added around the symbols:

button.pickerbutton {

padding: 0px;
margin: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
border: 0;
background-color: transparent;
font-size: 1.2em;
cursor: pointer;

}

Put this in user/screen.css with all the other tweaks.

Mobile Scaling

The layout on a phone isn't too good, and can't be zoomed/scaled.

I found this thread:

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/12469-vector-template-doesn-t-display-correctly-on-mobile-devices/6

and applied the comment-out of the line :

//echo "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1\" />";

in main.php and mediamanager.php

the page now scales/zooms okay to make it useable on a phone.

Monobook user/screen.css

/* Give sidebar more space.
 
   Default widths:
   - 12.2em as left spacer for the content area. This example is using 14.2em
     instead.
   - 11.6em as sidebar width. This example is using 13.6em instead.
   - 10.9em as width for the search input field. This example is using 12.9em
     instead.
   - 150px as left spacer for the Ajax searchbox. This example is using 180px.
*/
/* move content container more to the right */
#content {
  margin: 2.8em 0 0 14.2em;
}
#column-content {
  margin: 0 0 .6em -14.2em;
}
#column-content #content {
  margin-left: 14.2em !important; /* adjustment for  IE (7) */
}
/* redefine sidebar width + tab bar position */
.portlet {
  width: 13.6em;
}
#p-cactions {
  left: 13.6em; /* tab bar */
}
/* search input field */
#qsearch__in {
  width: 11.5em;
}
/* ajax "matching pagename" searchbox */
#qsearch__out {
  left: 180px
}
 
div.dokuwiki #dw__toc {
  margin: 1.2em 0 0 2em;
  float: right;
  width: 200px; 
  font-size: 100%;
  clear: both;
  background-color: __background__;
} 
 
div#content .dokuwiki code {
  font-size: 1.1em;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  background-color: #eee;
  color: #22f;
  border-radius: 4px;
  direction: ltr;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: pre;
}
 
div#content .dokuwiki pre {
        border-radius: 5px;
	background-color: #faffff !important;
}
 
button.pickerbutton {
  padding: 0px;
  margin: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
  border: 0;
  background-color: transparent;
  font-size: 1.2em;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.pBody {
	font-size: 1.1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
}
 
#bodyContent {
	font-size: 1.1em;
}
 
kbd.__keyboard {
  color: #0000ff;
  background-color: #defede !important;
  text-align: center;
  border-left: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-top: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-right: 3px solid #666666;
  border-bottom: 3px solid #666666;
  -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;
  border-radius: 6px 6px 6px 6px !important;
  padding-left: 3px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  padding-right: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 0px;
  margin-left: 2px;
  margin-right: 2px;
  vertical-align: top;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 1.1em !important;
}
 
div.qq-upload-button {
 border: 1px solid __border__;
}

Dokuwiki Template CSS

Standard settings for font sizes etc. for different elements is here:

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/css/design.less

add any modified tweaks to the CSS to a userstyle.css i.e. /var/www/html/dokuwiki/conf/userstyle.css

font-size etc

pre {
        border-radius: 10px;
        background-color: #fcffff
}
 
 
code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0px;
    }
 
 
.dokuwiki .aside {
    font-size: 90%;
    }
 
 
body {
    font-size: 90%;
 
}
.dokuwiki div.breadcrumbs {
    font-size: 90%;
    }

Dokuwiki Template Tagline

<p style="font-size:12px;background-color:#a5e4fa;">Try to learn <b><i>something</i></b> about everything, and <b><i>everything</i></b> about something <br> <i> -Thomas Huxley “Darwin's bulldog” (1824-1895)</i></p>

Dokuwiki Timezone

I noticed the timestamps on file creation/modification were in UTC
I'd rather have “local time” so I don't have to think too hard
The answer is here → https://www.dokuwiki.org/tips:timezone
I used the first option, after successfully testing the second (editing php.ini)
I created conf/local.protected.php with

<?php
date_default_timezone_set("Europe/London");

I did sudo chown www-data:www-data local.protected.php too, just to be sure
All looks good - pages created/modified while in summer time show the time in BST and pages modified in winter time show the time in GMT

Add DW2PDF

To allow export of pages from Wiki → PDF format install plugin dw2pdf
to enable functionality it was necessary to install php-mbstring package on the VPS
1. ```
sudo apt-get install php-mbstring
```
```
sudo service apache2 restart
```

UPDATE

— John Pumford-Green 26/04/23 10:04

removed dw2pdf plugin, it is largely unused and adds pointless bloat.

Increase maximum file size upload for Media Manager

edit php.ini
1. ```
sudo vi /etc/php/XX/apache2/php.ini
```
2. change upload_max_filesize = 2M to upload_max_filesize = 20M
3. change post_max_size = 2M to post_max_size = 20M
4. ```
sudo service apache2 restart
```

Allow any file-type upload

From https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/3318-allow-upload-of-any-filetype/5

Edit /var/www/html/www/dokuwiki/inc/media.php and comment out :

    // because a temp file was created already
    //if (!preg_match('/\.(' . $regex . ')$/i', $fn)) {
    //    return [$lang['uploadwrong'], -1];
    //}

jpg upload error - XML

Media manage red warnings when uploading jpg image files

Error: Call to undefined function xml_parser_create()

New VPS was missing the php-xml package.

sudo apt install php-xml
sudo service apache2 restart

https://forum.dokuwiki.org/d/21045-error-call-to-undefined-function-xml-parser-create

Acronyms & Abbreviations

I find the underlining and “explanation” of some abbreviations/acronyms by dokuwiki, when rendering a page, to be annoying.

such as DNS and ACL

The process is described HERE

To disable this I simply copied the default conf/acronyms.conf to a local version conf/acronyms.local.conf and then edited the local version to remove all the explanations.

# Acronyms.

ACL
AFAICS
AFAIK
AFAIR
API
ASAP
ASCII
BTW
CMS
CSS
DNS
EOF
EOL
EOM
EOT
FAQ
FTP
FOSS
FLOSS
FUD
FYI
GB
GHz
GPL
GUI
HTML
IANAL
IE
IIRC
IMHO
IMO
IOW
IRC
IRL
KISS
LAN
LGPL
LOL
MathML
MB
MHz
MSIE
OMG
OS
OSS
OTOH
PITA
RFC
ROTFL
RTFM
spec
TIA
TL;DR
TOC
URI
URL
W3C
WTF?
WYSIWYG
YMMV

This supresses the annoyance.

— John Pumford-Green 30/04/23 13:49

Add folded plugin

make a clickable hide/reveal section with

++++ visible text | hidden text blah blah ++++

e.g.

There is a table here...

Col1	Col2	Col3
one	two	three

def func():
    print "hello world"

Increase TAGCLOUD font size

edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/plugins/cloud/style.less

increase size factor

/* Size factor. */
@sF: 1.2;

force re-fresh of browser to show new font size.

Keyboard Plugin

tweak the size, border and colour

example keys

Ctrl+C

Tweaks

/var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/plugins/keyboard/all.css

kbd.__keyboard {
  color: #0000ff;
  background-color: #defede !important;
  text-align: center;
  border-left: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-top: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
  border-right: 3px solid #666666;
  border-bottom: 3px solid #666666;
  -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;
  padding-left: 3px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  padding-right: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 0px;
  margin-left: 2px;
  margin-right: 2px;
  vertical-align: top;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 1.2em;
 
}

Dokuwiki Template monospace font

the colour of the mono font is the same as general text and doesn't stand out as well as in other templates.
edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/css/basic.less with a hex code for a better colour
- but see below for a better place to do the configuraiton

code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0;
    }

To prevent upgrades overwriting these changes - add them to /var/www/html/dokuwiki/conf/userstyle.css
pre relates to the blocks of <code> ////// </code>
code relates to monospaced text

pre {
        border-radius: 10px;
         background-color: #fcffff
 
}
 
code {
    color: #c72522;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    border-radius: 0px;
    }

Remove Dokuwiki template footer buttons

edit /var/www/html/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/tpl_footer.php

comment out (  ) the license stanza and/or the <div> that contains the “buttons”

<?php
/**
 * Template footer, included in the main and detail files
 */
 
// must be run from within DokuWiki
if (!defined('DOKU_INC')) die();
?>
 
<!-- ********** FOOTER ********** -->
 
 
 
<div id="dokuwiki__footer"><div class="pad">
 
<!--    <?php tpl_license(''); // license text ?> -->
 
<!--    
<div class="buttons">
        <?php
            tpl_license('button', true, false, false); // license button, no wrapper
            $target = ($conf['target']['extern']) ? 'target="'.$conf['target']['extern'].'"' : '';
        ?>
        <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/donate" title="Donate" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-donate.gif" width="80" height="15" alt="Donate" /></a>
        <a href="https://php.net" title="Powered by PHP" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-php.gif" width="80" height="15" alt="Powered by PHP" /></a>
        <a href="//validator.w3.org/check/referer" title="Valid HTML5" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-html5.png" width="80" height="15" alt="Valid HTML5" /></a>
        <a href="//jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer?profile=css3" title="Valid CSS" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-css.png" width="80" height="15" alt="Valid CSS" /></a>
        <a href="https://dokuwiki.org/" title="Driven by DokuWiki" <?php echo $target?>><img
            src="<?php echo tpl_basedir(); ?>images/button-dw.png" width="80" height="15"
            alt="Driven by DokuWiki" /></a>
    </div>
-->
 
 
</div></div><!-- /footer -->
 
 
<?php
tpl_includeFile('footer.html');

Bootstrap3 ThemeByNamespace

To force specific bootstrap/bootswatch themes dependant on the namespace

enable ThemeByNamespace option
create a file in <dokuwiki>/conf called bootstrap3.themes.conf
chown www-data:www-data bootstrap3.themes.conf
add the required theme/namespace mapping:

# Namespace  Bootswatch Theme
start                   bootswatch/darkly
public                  bootswatch/darkly
public:calculator       bootswatch/slate
public:journal          bootswatch/journal
private                 bootswatch/flatly
playground              bootswatch/united
private:wire2waves      bootswatch/paper
blog                    bootswatch/yeti

it seems necessary to disable showThemeSwitcher and to select a default theme to be used outside of any listed in the conf file

Alternative

Using the loadskin plugin

it's possible to switch to the default dokuwiki template when on a mobile device and the vector template when on a computer.

The loadskin plugin seems to lead to problems switching between monobook and vector - the navigation sidebar seems to disappear on one or the other. Not sure where the problem is.

Note Plugin

Various Coloured notes:

<note>
This is my note ! Remember it!!
</note>

<note important>
Warning ! You're about to lose your mind ;-)
</note>

<note tip>
The clues are in the images.
</note>

<note warning>
Beware of the cat when you open the door !!
</note>


++++Note in a Folded section|
<note warning>
Ça fonctionne seulement avec le //div// pas le //span//.
</note>
++++

This is my note ! Remember it!!

Warning ! You're about to lose your mind

The clues are in the images.

Beware of the cat when you open the door !!

Note in a Folded section

Monobook Tweaks

PDF Export Tab

The dw2pdf plugin provides a button on many templates to trigger export to PDF but not on monobook. It's possible to add a tab to the top of the page, beside the edit etc. tabs, to do the the pdf export function.

add the following code to to monobook/user/tabs.php

//PDF plugin: export tab
if (file_exists(DOKU_PLUGIN."dw2pdf/action.php") &&
    !plugin_isdisabled("dw2pdf")){
    $_monobook_tabs["tab-export-pdf"]["text"] = "pdf export";
    $_monobook_tabs["tab-export-pdf"]["href"] = wl(getID(), array("do" => "export_pdf"), false, "&");
}

Vector Interwiki Icons

The icon shown on interwiki links almost always appears as a small “lock” rather than the correct icon

commenting out the .link-https section in /vector/static/3rd/vector/main-ltr.css stops this :

div#content a.external,
div#content a[href ^="gopher://"] {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/external-link-ltr-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}
 
/*
div#content a[href ^="https://"],
.link-https {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/lock-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}
*/
 
div#content a[href ^="mailto:"],
.link-mailto {
        background: url(static/3rd/vector/mail-icon.png) center right no-repeat;
        padding: 0 13px 0 0;
}

Page Updated: 19/04/26 16:02 BST

dokuwiki

DM42 Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 24 Jan 2026 08:08:10 +0000

←Programs

DM42 Progs

Using the Swiss Micros online encode/decode tool

https://technical.swissmicros.com/decoders/dm42/index.php

to convert a “RAW” file into readable text:

00 { 110-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "SWR"
02 INPUT "Fwd"
03 INPUT "Ref"
04 RCL "Ref"
05 RCL÷ "Fwd"
06 SQRT
07 STO "RHO"
08 1
09 RCL+ "RHO"
10 1
11 RCL- "RHO"
12 ÷
13 STO "SWR"
14 RCL "RHO"
15 LOG
16 20
17 ×
18 +/-
19 STO "RL"
20 VIEW "Ref"
21 PSE
22 VIEW "Fwd"
23 PSE
24 VIEW "RL"
25 PSE
26 VIEW "SWR"
27 PSE
28 RCL "Ref"
29 RCL "Fwd"
30 RCL "RL"
31 RCL "SWR"
32 END

00 { 41-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL ".flc"
02 MVAR "freq"
03 MVAR "C"
04 MVAR "L"
05 RCL "L"
06 RCL "C"
07 ×
08 SQRT
09 PI
10 ×
11 2
12 ×
13 1/X
14 RCL "freq"
15 -
16 END

00 { 280-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "LCC"
02 INPUT "Vcc"
03 INPUT "PWR"
04 INPUT "freq"
05 RCL "Vcc"
06 X^2
07 RCL "PWR"
08 2
09 ×
10 ÷
11 STO "RL"
12 RCL "RL"
13 50
14 X≤Y?
15 XEQ "LCC"
16 RCL÷ "RL"
17 1
18 -
19 SQRT
20 STO "Qmin"
21 VIEW "Qmin"
22 PSE
23▸LBL 01
24 INPUT "Q"
25 RCL "Qmin"
26 X≥Y?
27 GTO 01
28 RCL "freq"
29 2
30 ×
31 PI
32 ×
33 STO "w"
34 RCL "Q"
35 X^2
36 1
37 +
38 RCL× "RL"
39 STO "B"
40 50
41 ÷
42 1
43 -
44 SQRT
45 STO "A"
46 RCL "Q"
47 RCL× "RL"
48 STO "XL"
49 RCL "B"
50 RCL "Q"
51 RCL- "A"
52 ÷
53 STO "XC1"
54 RCL "A"
55 50
56 ×
57 STO "XC2"
58 RCL "XL"
59 RCL÷ "w"
60 STO "L"
61 RCL "w"
62 RCL× "XC1"
63 1/X
64 STO "C1"
65 RCL "w"
66 RCL× "XC2"
67 1/X
68 STO "C2"
69 "Load"
70 AVIEW
71 PSE
72 VIEW "RL"
73 PSE
74 "Inductor"
75 AVIEW
76 PSE
77 VIEW "L"
78 PSE
79 "Shunt Cap"
80 AVIEW
81 PSE
82 VIEW "C2"
83 PSE
84 "Series Cap"
85 AVIEW
86 PSE
87 VIEW "C1"
88 PSE
89 RCL "RL"
90 RCL "L"
91 RCL "C2"
92 RCL "C1"
93 END

00 { 290-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "LCL"
02 INPUT "Vcc"
03 INPUT "PWR"
04 INPUT "freq"
05 RCL "Vcc"
06 X^2
07 RCL "PWR"
08 2
09 ×
10 ÷
11 STO "RL"
12 RCL "RL"
13 50
14 X≤Y?
15 XEQ "LCL"
16 RCL÷ "RL"
17 1
18 -
19 SQRT
20 STO "Qmin"
21 VIEW "Qmin"
22 PSE
23▸LBL 01
24 INPUT "Q"
25 RCL "Qmin"
26 X≥Y?
27 GTO 01
28 RCL "freq"
29 2
30 ×
31 PI
32 ×
33 STO "w"
34 RCL "Q"
35 X^2
36 1
37 +
38 RCL× "RL"
39 STO "A"
40 50
41 ÷
42 1
43 -
44 SQRT
45 STO "B"
46 RCL "RL"
47 RCL× "Q"
48 STO "XL1"
49 RCL "B"
50 50
51 ×
52 STO "XL2"
53 RCL "A"
54 RCL "Q"
55 RCL+ "B"
56 ÷
57 STO "XC"
58 RCL "XL1"
59 RCL÷ "w"
60 STO "L1"
61 RCL "XL2"
62 RCL÷ "w"
63 STO "L2"
64 RCL "XC"
65 RCL× "w"
66 1/X
67 STO "C"
68 "Load"
69 AVIEW
70 PSE
71 VIEW "RL"
72 PSE
73 "Input Inductor"
74 AVIEW
75 PSE
76 VIEW "L1"
77 PSE
78 "Shunt Cap"
79 AVIEW
80 PSE
81 VIEW "C"
82 PSE
83 "Output Inductor"
84 AVIEW
85 PSE
86 VIEW "L2"
87 PSE
88 RCL "RL"
89 RCL "L1"
90 RCL "C"
91 RCL "L2"
92 END

00 { 260-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "DTC"
02 INPUT "Z"
03 INPUT "Fmin"
04 INPUT "Fmax"
05 INPUT "L"
06 INPUT "Qu"
07 RCL "Fmin"
08 RCL× "Fmax"
09 SQRT
10 2
11 ×
12 PI
13 ×
14 STO "w"
15 RCL "L"
16 RCL "w"
17 X^2
18 ×
19 1/X
20 STO "Co"
21 RCL "w"
22 RCL "Fmax"
23 RCL- "Fmin"
24 2
25 ×
26 PI
27 ×
28 ÷
29 STO "Ql"
30 RCL "Co"
31 RCL "Ql"
32 2
33 SQRT
34 ×
35 ÷
36 STO "C12"
37 RCL "Ql"
38 2
39 SQRT
40 ×
41 STO "Qj"
42 RCL "Qj"
43 1/X
44 RCL "Qu"
45 1/X
46 -
47 1/X
48 STO "Qej"
49 RCL× "w"
50 RCL× "L"
51 STO "Rej"
52 RCL "Rej"
53 RCL× "Z"
54 RCL "Z"
55 X^2
56 -
57 SQRT
58 RCL× "w"
59 1/X
60 STO "Cjl"
61 RCL "Co"
62 RCL- "Cjl"
63 RCL- "C12"
64 STO "Cj"
65 "Tank Cap"
66 AVIEW
67 PSE
68 VIEW "Cj"
69 PSE
70 "Coupling Cap"
71 AVIEW
72 PSE
73 VIEW "C12"
74 PSE
75 "End Cap"
76 AVIEW
77 PSE
78 VIEW "Cjl"
79 PSE
80 RCL "Fmin"
81 RCL "Cj"
82 RCL "C12"
83 RCL "Cjl"
84 END

00 { 49-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL ".VppdBm"
02 MVAR "Vpp"
03 MVAR "dBm"
04 RCL "Vpp"
05 X^2
06 400
07 ÷
08 1ᴇ-3
09 ÷
10 LOG
11 10
12 ×
13 RCL "dBm"
14 -
15 END

00 { 40-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL ".LXl"
02 MVAR "L"
03 MVAR "freq"
04 MVAR "XL"
05 RCL "freq"
06 RCL× "L"
07 2
08 ×
09 PI
10 ×
11 RCL "XL"
12 -
13 END

00 { 42-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL ".CXc"
02 MVAR "XC"
03 MVAR "freq"
04 MVAR "C"
05 RCL "XC"
06 RCL× "freq"
07 RCL× "C"
08 2
09 ×
10 PI
11 ×
12 1
13 -
14 END

00 { 45-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL ".S→RL"
02 MVAR "RL"
03 MVAR "SWR"
04 RCL "SWR"
05 1
06 -
07 RCL "SWR"
08 1
09 +
10 ÷
11 LOG
12 20
13 ×
14 +/-
15 RCL- "RL"
16 END

00 { 58-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL ".S→RF"
02 MVAR "Ref"
03 MVAR "Fwd"
04 MVAR "SWR"
05 1
06 RCL "Ref"
07 RCL÷ "Fwd"
08 SQRT
09 +
10 1
11 RCL "Ref"
12 RCL÷ "Fwd"
13 SQRT
14 -
15 ÷
16 RCL- "SWR"
17 END

00 { 37-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL ".VppW"
02 MVAR "Vpp"
03 MVAR "Watt"
04 RCL "Vpp"
05 X^2
06 400
07 ÷
08 RCL- "Watt"
09 END

00 { 160-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "OpBPF"
02 INPUT "freq"
03 INPUT "BW"
04 INPUT "Gain"
05 INPUT "C"
06 RCL "freq"
07 RCL÷ "BW"
08 STO "Q"
09 RCL "freq"
10 2
11 ×
12 PI
13 ×
14 STO "w"
15 RCL "Gain"
16 RCL "C"
17 RCL "Q"
18 2
19 ×
20 RCL "w"
21 RCL× "C"
22 ÷
23 STO "R3"
24 RCL "Q"
25 RCL "Gain"
26 RCL× "w"
27 RCL× "C"
28 ÷
29 STO "R1"
30 RCL "Q"
31 RCL "Q"
32 X^2
33 2
34 ×
35 RCL- "Gain"
36 RCL× "w"
37 RCL× "C"
38 ÷
39 STO "R2"
40 VIEW "R1"
41 PSE
42 VIEW "R2"
43 PSE
44 VIEW "R3"
45 RCL "freq"
46 RCL "R1"
47 RCL "R2"
48 RCL "R3"
49 END

00 { 51-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL ".PD"
02 MVAR "R1"
03 MVAR "R2"
04 MVAR "Vin"
05 MVAR "Vout"
06 RCL "Vin"
07 RCL "R1"
08 RCL+ "R2"
09 ÷
10 RCL "Vout"
11 RCL÷ "R2"
12 -
13 END

00 { 178-Byte Prgm }
01 GTO ".S←→RL"
02▸LBL "Lmat"
03 INPUT "Rlo"
04 INPUT "Rhi"
05 RCL "Rhi"
06 RCL "Rlo"
07 X≥Y?
08 XEQ "Lmat"
09 RCL "Rhi"
10 RCL÷ "Rlo"
11 1
12 -
13 SQRT
14 STO "Q"
15 RCL× "Rlo"
16 STO "XL"
17 RCL "Rhi"
18 RCL÷ "Q"
19 STO "XC"
20 INPUT "freq"
21 RCL "freq"
22 2
23 ×
24 PI
25 ×
26 STO "w"
27 RCL "XL"
28 RCL÷ "w"
29 STO "L"
30 RCL "XC"
31 RCL× "w"
32 1/X
33 STO "C"
34 "Q"
35 AVIEW
36 PSE
37 VIEW "Q"
38 PSE
39 "Inductor"
40 AVIEW
41 PSE
42 VIEW "L"
43 PSE
44 "Capacitor"
45 AVIEW
46 PSE
47 VIEW "C"
48 PSE
49 RCL "Rlo"
50 RCL "Rhi"
51 RCL "L"
52 RCL "C"
53 END

00 { 251-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "Tmat"
02 INPUT "Rhi"
03 INPUT "Rlo"
04 INPUT "freq"
05 RCL "Rhi"
06 RCL "Rlo"
07 X>Y?
08 XEQ "Tmat"
09 RCL "Rhi"
10 RCL÷ "Rlo"
11 1
12 -
13 SQRT
14 STO "Qmin"
15 VIEW "Qmin"
16 PSE
17▸LBL 01
18 INPUT "Q"
19 RCL "Qmin"
20 X≥Y?
21 GTO 01
22 RCL "Q"
23 X^2
24 1
25 +
26 RCL× "Rlo"
27 STO "A"
28 RCL÷ "Rhi"
29 1
30 -
31 SQRT
32 STO "B"
33 RCL "Rlo"
34 RCL× "Q"
35 STO "XL1"
36 RCL "Rhi"
37 RCL× "B"
38 STO "XL2"
39 RCL "A"
40 RCL "Q"
41 RCL+ "B"
42 ÷
43 STO "XC"
44 RCL "freq"
45 2
46 ×
47 PI
48 ×
49 STO "w"
50 RCL "XL1"
51 RCL÷ "w"
52 STO "L1"
53 RCL "XL2"
54 RCL÷ "w"
55 STO "L2"
56 RCL "XC"
57 RCL× "w"
58 1/X
59 STO "C"
60 "L hi"
61 AVIEW
62 PSE
63 VIEW "L1"
64 PSE
65 "C shunt"
66 AVIEW
67 PSE
68 VIEW "C"
69 PSE
70 "L low"
71 AVIEW
72 PSE
73 VIEW "L2"
74 PSE
75 RCL "Q"
76 RCL "L1"
77 RCL "C"
78 RCL "L2"
79 END

00 { 135-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "Piatt"
02 INPUT "Att"
03 INPUT "Z"
04 RCL "Att"
05 20
06 +/-
07 ÷
08 10^X
09 STO "A"
10 1
11 RCL+ "A"
12 1
13 RCL- "A"
14 ÷
15 RCL× "Z"
16 STO "R1"
17 1
18 RCL "A"
19 X^2
20 -
21 2
22 RCL× "A"
23 ÷
24 RCL× "Z"
25 STO "R2"
26 "Shunt R1"
27 AVIEW
28 PSE
29 VIEW "R1"
30 PSE
31 "Series R2"
32 AVIEW
33 PSE
34 VIEW "R2"
35 PSE
36 "Shunt R3"
37 AVIEW
38 PSE
39 VIEW "R1"
40 PSE
41 RCL "Att"
42 RCL "R1"
43 RCL "R2"
44 RCL "R1"
45 END

00 { 144-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "MPad"
02 INPUT "Zh"
03 INPUT "Zl"
04 RCL "Zl"
05 RCL÷ "Zh"
06 STO "A"
07 1
08 RCL- "A"
09 SQRT
10 RCL× "Zh"
11 STO "R1"
12 RCL "Zl"
13 1
14 RCL- "A"
15 SQRT
16 ÷
17 STO "R2"
18 RCL "A"
19 1/X
20 1
21 -
22 SQRT
23 RCL "A"
24 1/X
25 SQRT
26 +
27 X^2
28 1/X
29 LOG
30 10
31 ×
32 +/-
33 STO "G"
34 "Loss"
35 AVIEW
36 PSE
37 VIEW "G"
38 PSE
39 "Series R(hiZ)"
40 AVIEW
41 PSE
42 VIEW "R1"
43 PSE
44 "Shunt R(loZ)"
45 AVIEW
46 PSE
47 VIEW "R2"
48 PSE
49 RCL "G"
50 RCL "R1"
51 RCL "R2"
52 END

00 { 141-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "Tatt"
02 INPUT "Att"
03 INPUT "Z"
04 RCL "Att"
05 20
06 ÷
07 10^X
08 STO "G"
09 RCL "G"
10 1
11 -
12 RCL "G"
13 1
14 +
15 ÷
16 RCL× "Z"
17 STO "R1"
18 STO "R2"
19 RCL "G"
20 RCL "G"
21 X^2
22 1
23 -
24 ÷
25 RCL× "Z"
26 2
27 ×
28 STO "R3"
29 "Series R1"
30 AVIEW
31 PSE
32 VIEW "R1"
33 PSE
34 "Shunt R3"
35 AVIEW
36 PSE
37 VIEW "R3"
38 PSE
39 "Series R2"
40 AVIEW
41 PSE
42 VIEW "R2"
43 PSE
44 RCL "Att"
45 RCL "R1"
46 RCL "R3"
47 RCL "R2"
48 END

00 { 151-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "Bias"
02 INPUT "Vcc"
03 INPUT "Hfe"
04 INPUT "Ie"
05 RCL "Vcc"
06 12
07 ÷
08 STO "Ve"
09 0.7
10 +
11 STO "Vb"
12 RCL "Ve"
13 RCL÷ "Ie"
14 STO "Re"
15 RCL "Ie"
16 RCL÷ "Hfe"
17 STO "Ib"
18 RCL "Vb"
19 10
20 RCL× "Ib"
21 ÷
22 STO "R2"
23 RCL "Vcc"
24 RCL- "Vb"
25 11
26 RCL× "Ib"
27 ÷
28 STO "R1"
29 RCL "Vcc"
30 2
31 ÷
32 STO "Vc"
33 RCL "Vcc"
34 RCL- "Vc"
35 RCL÷ "Ie"
36 STO "Rc"
37 RCL "R1"
38 RCL "R2"
39 RCL "Rc"
40 RCL "Re"
41 END

00 { 26-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "FIB"
02 STO "N"
03 1
04 ENTER
05 0
06▸LBL A
07 +
08 LASTX
09 X<>Y
10 DSE "N"
11 GTO A
12 END

00 { 10-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "Eng3"
02 ENG 03
03 END

00 { 10-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "Fix6"
02 FIX 06
03 END

00 { 19-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "SM"
02 STO 00
03 0
04 STO 01
05▸LBL 01
06 RCL 00
07 STO+ 01
08 DSE 00
09 GTO 01
10 RCL 01
11 END

00 { 49-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "BM"
02 0
03 STO 02
04 1.01234ᴇ6
05 STO 00
06 2.345
07 STO 01
08▸LBL 02
09 RCL 01
10 RCL 00
11 ×
12 RCL 01
13 -
14 RCL 00
15 ÷
16 RCL 01
17 ×
18 3.5
19 ÷
20 SQRT
21 1
22 STO+ 02
23 GTO 02
24 END

00 { 33-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "BMT"
02 56.26
03 STO 00
04 0
05 STO 02
06▸LBL 04
07 RCL 00
08 SIN
09 ASIN
10 COS
11 ACOS
12 TAN
13 ATAN
14 LN
15 E^X
16 1
17 STO+ 02
18 GTO 04
19 END

00 { 64-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "P→S"
02 RECT
03 INPUT "Rp"
04 INPUT "Xp"
05 RCL "Rp"
06 RCL÷ "Xp"
07 STO "Q"
08 X^2
09 1
10 +
11 RCL "Rp"
12 X<>Y
13 ÷
14 STO "Rs"
15 RCL "Q"
16 ×
17 STO "Xs"
18 RCL "Rs"
19 RCL "Xs"
20 COMPLEX
21 STO "Zs"
22 END

00 { 51-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "S→P"
02 RECT
03 INPUT "Rs"
04 INPUT "Xs"
05 RCL÷ "Rs"
06 STO "Q"
07 X^2
08 1
09 +
10 RCL× "Rs"
11 STO "Rp"
12 RCL÷ "Q"
13 STO "Xp"
14 RCL "Rp"
15 RCL "Xp"
16 END

00 { 97-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "Z→"
02 RECT
03 INPUT "Rs"
04 INPUT "Xs"
05 RCL "Rs"
06 RCL "Xs"
07 COMPLEX
08 STO "Zs"
09 50
10 -
11 RCL "Zs"
12 50
13 +
14 ÷
15 STO "Rho"
16 ABS
17 STO "P"
18 1
19 RCL+ "P"
20 1
21 RCL- "P"
22 ÷
23 STO "S"
24 RCL "P"
25 LOG
26 20
27 ×
28 STO "Rl"
29 RCL "Zs"
30 RCL "Rho"
31 RCL "S"
32 RCL "Rl"
33 POLAR
34 RTN
35 END

00 { 92-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "PIXCIR"
02 MVAR "R"
03 MVAR "X"
04 MVAR "Y"
05 VARMENU "PIXCIR"
06 STOP
07 EXITALL
08 2
09 STO "GrMod"
10 1
11 360
12 1ᴇ3
13 ÷
14 +
15 STO 01
16 CLLCD
17▸LBL 01
18 RCL "Y"
19 RCL "R"
20 RCL 01
21 IP
22 SIN
23 ×
24 -
25 RCL "X"
26 RCL "R"
27 RCL 01
28 IP
29 COS
30 ×
31 +
32 PIXEL
33 RCL 01
34 ISG 01
35 GTO 01
36 XEQ "PIXCIR"
37 END

00 { 204-Byte Prgm }
01▸LBL "BFil"
02 ENG 03
03 SF 00
04 INPUT "MHz"
05 1ᴇ6
06 ×
07 STO "F"
08 INPUT "N"
09 X<0?
10 CF 00
11 XEQ 06
12▸LBL 01
13 RCL "I"
14 IP
15 XEQ 00
16 FS? 00
17 1/X
18 STO IND "I"
19 ISG "I"
20 GTO 01
21 "Coefficients"
22 AVIEW
23 STOP
24 GTO 07
25▸LBL 08
26 RCL IND "I"
27 RCL "F"
28 2
29 ×
30 PI
31 ×
32 ÷
33 RTN
34▸LBL 07
35 XEQ 06
36▸LBL 03
37 RCL "I"
38 IP
39 2
40 ÷
41 FP
42 FS? 00
43 GTO 09
44 GTO 10
45▸LBL 09
46 "HPF"
47 AVIEW
48 X=0?
49 GTO 05
50 GTO 04
51 RTN
52▸LBL 10
53 "LPF"
54 AVIEW
55 X=0?
56 GTO 04
57 GTO 05
58 RTN
59▸LBL 04
60 XEQ 08
61 50
62 ×
63 STO IND "I"
64 ISG "I"
65 GTO 03
66 RTN
67▸LBL 05
68 XEQ 08
69 50
70 ÷
71 STO IND "I"
72 ISG "I"
73 GTO 03
74 RTN
75▸LBL 06
76 RCL "N"
77 ABS
78 1000
79 ÷
80 1
81 +
82 STO "I"
83 RTN
84▸LBL 00
85 2
86 ×
87 1
88 -
89 180
90 ×
91 RCL "N"
92 ABS
93 2
94 ×
95 ÷
96 SIN
97 2
98 ×
99 RTN
100 END

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 17:32:54 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 24/01/26 08:08 GMT

— John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 16:08

Back to Top of page

Further Information

calculator, dm42

DM15L Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 16 Apr 2026 15:01:20 +0000

←Programs

DM15L Progs

Dumps taken from the DM15L using a serial console session in Putty.

DM15L Startup Keys & Serial Console

Stock Swiss Micros Firmware

Dumps are also converted to readable program listings using the Swiss Micros online encode/decode tool at https://technical.swissmicros.com/decoders/nut/

Normal + "Complex Z to....."

LBL E converts Z=R±jX to RL, SWR, |ρ|∠ρ, |Z|∠Z

Data input :

if Z = R + j X, put R in Y-stack and X in X-stack and then run LBL E

R ENTER
X (and CHS as needed)
F
E

Results appear:

Stack X → Return Loss
Stack Y → SWR
Stack Z → (Re) |ρ| (Im) ∠ρ
Stack T → (Re) |Z| (Im) ∠Z

DM15_M1B
04  000000fffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000996010eae
08  00000000000000  2faf8befbe2280  00000000000000  00000000000000
10  91000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  02875000000998
14  f0000000000000  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000002ef  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01900000000001
1c  02232142865997  01800000000002  02232142865997  01004474273000
20  05302556024001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
ec  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  0000000000b237
f0  36a43433a43231  44db43e1a43433  42db41e1a43231  47c3fcf0f2bc35
f4  46fda5cff185cf  f145b3db44db43  fdfaf0f5a43231  fbf0f5a4323141
f8  c5420eb23344fc  c3f0f2bcfdfaf1  33fbf143fda2cf  f182cff142cafd
fc  0ab2c3fcf0f2bc  fdfaf132fbf142  0bb2fdfbf132fa  f142ccfdf0f20c
A: 000000fffff000  B: 000000fffffeae  C: 00000996010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 00000000000000  G: 04

Decoded Dump

001  LBL C        | 42,21,13
002  2            |        2
003  0            |        0
004  /            |       10
005  10^x         |       13
006  STO 2        |    44  2
007  1            |        1
008  +            |       40
009  RCL 2        |    45  2
010  1            |        1
011  -            |       30
012  /            |       10
013  RTN          |   43  32
014  LBL B        | 42,21,12
015  STO 2        |    44  2
016  1            |        1
017  -            |       30
018  RCL 2        |    45  2
019  1            |        1
020  +            |       40
021  /            |       10
022  LOG          |   43  13
023  2            |        2
024  0            |        0
025  *            |       20
026  CHS          |       16
027  RTN          |   43  32
028  LBL A        | 42,21,11
029  /            |       10
030  sqrt         |       11
031  STO 2        |    44  2
032  1            |        1
033  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
034  1            |        1
035  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
036  /            |       10
037  STO 3        |    44  3
038  1            |        1
039  -            |       30
040  RCL 3        |    45  3
041  1            |        1
042  +            |       40
043  /            |       10
044  LOG          |   43  13
045  2            |        2
046  0            |        0
047  CHS          |       16
048  *            |       20
049  STO 4        |    44  4
050  RCL 3        |    45  3
051  RTN          |   43  32
052  LBL E        | 42,21,15
053  STO 2        |    44  2
054  x<>y         |       34
055  STO 1        |    44  1
056  RCL 1        |    45  1
057  RCL 2        |    45  2
058  I            |   42  25
059  5            |        5
060  0            |        0
061  -            |       30
062  RCL 1        |    45  1
063  RCL 2        |    45  2
064  I            |   42  25
065  5            |        5
066  0            |        0
067  +            |       40
068  /            |       10
069  STO 3        |    44  3
070  Re<>Im       |   42  30
071  STO 4        |    44  4
072  Re<>Im       |   42  30
073  ABS          |   43  16
074  STO 5        |    44  5
075  1            |        1
076  RCL+5        | 45,40, 5
077  1            |        1
078  RCL-5        | 45,30, 5
079  /            |       10
080  STO 6        |    44  6
081  RCL 5        |    45  5
082  LOG          |   43  13
083  2            |        2
084  0            |        0
085  *            |       20
086  CHS          |       16
087  STO 7        |    44  7
088  RCL 1        |    45  1
089  RCL 2        |    45  2
090  I            |   42  25
091  ->P          |     43 1
092  STO 1        |    44  1
093  Re<>Im       |   42  30
094  STO 2        |    44  2
095  RCL 3        |    45  3
096  RCL 4        |    45  4
097  I            |   42  25
098  ->P          |     43 1
099  STO 3        |    44  3
100  Re<>Im       |   42  30
101  STO 4        |    44  4
102  RCL 1        |    45  1
103  RCL 2        |    45  2
104  I            |   42  25
105  RCL 3        |    45  3
106  RCL 4        |    45  4
107  I            |   42  25
108  RCL 6        |    45  6
109  RCL 7        |    45  7
110  RTN          |   43  32

"Normal"

### 27/7/22 ####
# This is the usual set of 3 useful tool progs I have in the DM15L for quick calculation/conversion
# of antenna parameters.
#

Ref Power ENTER Fwd Power fA → SWR x<>y RL
SWR fB → Return Loss
Return Loss fC → SWR

DM15_M1B
00  03400000000001  01000000000001  08000000000000  00000000000000
04  155000000ff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002000010eae
08  00000000000000  2faf0bde7aa28f  000080bcbcaf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  01000000000001  00000000000000  03400000000001
14  f7365289440000  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000004f8  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01387265622000
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  05000000000001  02500000000003
20  01800000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f8  000000b23344fc  c3f0f2bcfdfaf1  33fbf143fda2cf  f182cff142cafd
fc  0ab2c3fcf0f2bc  fdfaf132fbf142  0bb2fdfbf132fa  f142ccfdf0f20c
A: 155000000ff000  B: 155000000ffeae  C: 00002000010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 05500000000001  G: 06

Decoded dump

LBL C
20

/
10^x
STO 2
1
+
RCL 2
1
-
/
RTN
LBL B
STO 2
1
-
RCL 2
1
+
/
LOG
20

*
CHS
RTN
LBL A
/
sqrt
STO 2
1
RCL+2
1
RCL-2
/
STO 3
1
-
RCL 3
1
+
/
LOG
20

CHS
*
STO 4
RCL 3
RTN

001  LBL C        | 42,21,13
002  2            |        2
003  0            |        0
004  /            |       10
005  10^x         |       13
006  STO 2        |    44  2
007  1            |        1
008  +            |       40
009  RCL 2        |    45  2
010  1            |        1
011  -            |       30
012  /            |       10
013  RTN          |   43  32
014  LBL B        | 42,21,12
015  STO 2        |    44  2
016  1            |        1
017  -            |       30
018  RCL 2        |    45  2
019  1            |        1
020  +            |       40
021  /            |       10
022  LOG          |   43  13
023  2            |        2
024  0            |        0
025  *            |       20
026  CHS          |       16
027  RTN          |   43  32
028  LBL A        | 42,21,11
029  /            |       10
030  sqrt         |       11
031  STO 2        |    44  2
032  1            |        1
033  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
034  1            |        1
035  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
036  /            |       10
037  STO 3        |    44  3
038  1            |        1
039  -            |       30
040  RCL 3        |    45  3
041  1            |        1
042  +            |       40
043  /            |       10
044  LOG          |   43  13
045  2            |        2
046  0            |        0
047  CHS          |       16
048  *            |       20
049  STO 4        |    44  4
050  RCL 3        |    45  3
051  RTN          |   43  32

N-Queens Benchmark 27/7/22

DM15_M1B
00  08000000000000  08000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
04  065140fffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000000999eae
08  00000000000000  22af8d9e7e0080  00000000000000  00000000000000
10  08000000000000  08000000000000  01000000000000  01000000000000
14  f0000000000537  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000007f7  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  04000000000000
1c  01000000000000  03000000000000  06000000000000  02000000000000
20  07000000000000  05000000000000  00000000000000  08000000000000
24  08760000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f4  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  b25104137030a0
f8  dff1117086bddf  f19730031276fb  3930b313ecfb86  c4973986973010
fc  ec39a9dff10249  3091dff1019650  973080dff11475  50300060f8a50a
A: 065140fffff000  B: 065140fffffeae  C: 00000000999eae
S: 00000000000000
M: aaaaaaaaaaaaaa  N: 06514000000000  G: 04

Decoded Dump

LBL A
CLR_REG
8
STO .0
LBL 0
RCL 0
RCL .0
TEST 5
GTO 4
1
STO+0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL .0
STO (i)
LBL 1
1
STO+.1
RCL 0
STO 9
LBL 2
1
STO-9
RCL 9
x=0
GTO 0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL (i)
RCL 9
STO I
R_down
RCL (i)
-
x=0
GTO 3
ABS
RCL 0
RCL 9
-
TEST 6
GTO 2
LBL 3
RCL 0
STO I
1
STO-(i)
RCL (i)
TEST 0
GTO 1
1
STO-0
RCL 0
TEST 0
GTO 3
LBL 4
RCL .1
RTN

001  LBL A        | 42,21,11
002  CLR_REG      |   42  34
003  8            |        8
004  STO .0       |    44 .0
005  LBL 0        | 42,21, 0
006  RCL 0        |    45  0
007  RCL .0       |    45 .0
008  TEST 5       | 43,30, 5
009  GTO 4        |    22  4
010  1            |        1
011  STO+0        | 44,40, 0
012  RCL 0        |    45  0
013  STO I        |   44  25
014  RCL .0       |    45 .0
015  STO (i)      |   44  24
016  LBL 1        | 42,21, 1
017  1            |        1
018  STO+.1       | 44,40,.1
019  RCL 0        |    45  0
020  STO 9        |    44  9
021  LBL 2        | 42,21, 2
022  1            |        1
023  STO-9        | 44,30, 9
024  RCL 9        |    45  9
025  x=0          |   43  20
026  GTO 0        |    22  0
027  RCL 0        |    45  0
028  STO I        |   44  25
029  RCL (i)      |   45  24
030  RCL 9        |    45  9
031  STO I        |   44  25
032  R_down       |       33
033  RCL (i)      |   45  24
034  -            |       30
035  x=0          |   43  20
036  GTO 3        |    22  3
037  ABS          |   43  16
038  RCL 0        |    45  0
039  RCL 9        |    45  9
040  -            |       30
041  TEST 6       | 43,30, 6
042  GTO 2        |    22  2
043  LBL 3        | 42,21, 3
044  RCL 0        |    45  0
045  STO I        |   44  25
046  1            |        1
047  STO-(i)      | 44,30,24
048  RCL (i)      |   45  24
049  TEST 0       | 43,30, 0
050  GTO 1        |    22  1
051  1            |        1
052  STO-0        | 44,30, 0
053  RCL 0        |    45  0
054  TEST 0       | 43,30, 0
055  GTO 3        |    22  3
056  LBL 4        | 42,21, 4
057  RCL .1       |    45 .1
058  RTN          |   43  32

Savage Benchmark 23/01/26

DM15_M1B
00  01000000000000  01000000000000  01000000000000  00000000000000
04  32499970322000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  40997997010eae
08  00000000000000  3ebeefb6e4228f  e79282e8bc2ac0  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  08000000000000  06000000000000  02498970322003
14  f0000000000504  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000001fc  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  06000000000000
1c  04000000000000  07000000000000  05000000000000  03000000000000
20  00000000000000  00000000000000  04000000000000  08000000000000
24  02100000000001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
fc  000000000000b2  1b82fac9b9cbbb  caba0bc1c1c1f1  40f9f9f4f2e80a
A: 32499970322000  B: 32499970322eae  C: 40997997010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 02499970322003  G: 09

UPDATED "Butterworth" program 12/2/22

############################
#
#  Updated 12/2/22 : change to reduce amount of looping/storing 
#  Sub routine "LBL 8" changed
DM15_M1B
00  05108827280994  05000000000999  05000000000999  00000000000000
04  24547fff912000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00012012012eae
08  00000000000000  b6000a9eda000f  e6220040000000  00000000000000
10  07000000000000  05108827295994  08007000000000  05000000000001
14  f0000000012435  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000006f1  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00300  07293277408990
1c  01261776142994  04547284088990  01261776142994  07293277408990
20  05108827280994  01103787069994  04026420096990  08509227540993
24  02583151782990  04031222906993  05481145266989  07025940305993
28  09506412356989  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
2c  03500000000006  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  00000000000000  00b2fcf2c7fdfc  f230fcf0f8f1fb  f1fcf200171195
f4  96ce50ff20eb87  012640b340ff72  c56930ff83ff0a  17b2139596fdf0
f8  f52805b2139596  fcf0f5280410ff  1950ffa3fdf2eb  87032607b297fa
fc  f1fdf0f0f0f130  06b21514ec00ff  b21415ec09b2fd  fcb6fcf2598608
A: 24547fff912000  B: 24547fff912eae  C: 00012012012eae
S: 00000100000000
M: 05108827280994  N: 04547284088990  G: 23

Dump above decoded at Swiss micros

001  LBL 8        | 42,21, 8
002  RCL (i)      |   45  24
003  RCL .9       |    45 .9
004  2            |        2
005  *            |       20
006  PI           |   43  26
007  *            |       20
008  /            |       10
009  RTN          |   43  32
010  LBL 9        | 42,21, 9
011  x=0          |   43  20
012  GTO 5        |    22  5
013  GTO 4        |    22  4
014  RTN          |   43  32
015  LBL .0       | 42,21,.0
016  x=0          |   43  20
017  GTO 4        |    22  4
018  GTO 5        |    22  5
019  RTN          |   43  32
020  LBL 6        | 42,21, 6
021  RCL 0        |    45  0
022  1            |        1
023  0            |        0
024  0            |        0
025  0            |        0
026  /            |       10
027  1            |        1
028  +            |       40
029  STO I        |   44  25
030  RTN          |   43  32
031  LBL 7        | 42,21, 7
032  GSB 6        |    32  6
033  LBL 3        | 42,21, 3
034  RCL I        |   45  25
035  INT          |   43  44
036  2            |        2
037  /            |       10
038  FRAC         |   42  44
039  F? 0         | 43, 6, 0
040  GTO 9        |    22  9
041  GTO .0       |    22 .0
042  LBL 4        | 42,21, 4
043  GSB 8        |    32  8
044  5            |        5
045  0            |        0
046  *            |       20
047  STO (i)      |   44  24
048  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
049  GTO 3        |    22  3
050  RTN          |   43  32
051  LBL 5        | 42,21, 5
052  GSB 8        |    32  8
053  5            |        5
054  0            |        0
055  /            |       10
056  STO (i)      |   44  24
057  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
058  GTO 3        |    22  3
059  RTN          |   43  32
060  GTO 7        |    22  7
061  LBL A        | 42,21,11
062  ENG 3        | 42, 9, 3
063  SF 0         | 43, 4, 0
064  STO .9       |    44 .9
065  x<>y         |       34
066  TEST 2       | 43,30, 2
067  CF 0         | 43, 5, 0
068  ABS          |   43  16
069  STO 0        |    44  0
070  GSB 6        |    32  6
071  LBL 1        | 42,21, 1
072  RCL I        |   45  25
073  INT          |   43  44
074  GSB 0        |    32  0
075  F? 0         | 43, 6, 0
076  1/x          |       15
077  STO (i)      |   44  24
078  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
079  GTO 1        |    22  1
080  GTO 7        |    22  7
081  LBL 0        | 42,21, 0
082  2            |        2
083  *            |       20
084  1            |        1
085  -            |       30
086  1            |        1
087  8            |        8
088  0            |        0
089  *            |       20
090  RCL 0        |    45  0
091  2            |        2
092  *            |       20
093  /            |       10
094  SIN          |       23
095  2            |        2
096  *            |       20
097  RTN          |   43  32

Dump

################################

DM15_M1B
00  01040000000003  01750000000002  01750000000002  00000000000000
04  08200000910000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002000009eae
08  00000000000000  2faf8bf9fe2280  be220040bcaf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  06283185308000
14  f7365289446075  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000007f2  000000000003ff
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01924950591000
1c  01924950591000  01000000000001  05000000000001  02500000000003
20  01800000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  00000000000000  00000000000000  b23344fcc3f0f2  bcfdfaf133fbf1
f4  43fda2cff182cf  f142cafd0ab2c3  fcf0f2bcfdfaf1  32fbf1420bb2fd
f8  fbf132faf142cc  fdf0f20cb2fcf0  f1bcfdc3f3c6f1  fdf0f5ba0db2ca
fc  fcf0f5fcc3f3c6  f1ccfdf0f10eb2  c3fcf0f2bcfdfa  f1c5fbf1c1c100
A: 08200000910000  B: 08200000910eae  C: 00002000009eae
S: 00000100000000
M: 00000000000990  N: 08200000000990  G: 19

Dump above decoded @ Swiss Micros

# https://technical.swissmicros.com/decoders/nut/
#
001  LBL 0        | 42,21, 0
002  ENTER        |       36
003  ENTER        |       36
004  1            |        1
005  -            |       30
006  x<>y         |       34
007  1            |        1
008  +            |       40
009  /            |       10
010  LOG          |   43  13
011  2            |        2
012  0            |        0
013  *            |       20
014  CHS          |       16
015  RTN          |   43  32
016  LBL E        | 42,21,15
017  1            |        1
018  0            |        0
019  /            |       10
020  10^x         |       13
021  1            |        1
022  EEX          |       26
023  3            |        3
024  CHS          |       16
025  *            |       20
026  5            |        5
027  0            |        0
028  *            |       20
029  sqrt         |       11
030  RTN          |   43  32
031  LBL D        | 42,21,14
032  x^2          |   43  11
033  5            |        5
034  0            |        0
035  /            |       10
036  1            |        1
037  EEX          |       26
038  3            |        3
039  CHS          |       16
040  /            |       10
041  LOG          |   43  13
042  1            |        1
043  0            |        0
044  *            |       20
045  RTN          |   43  32
046  LBL C        | 42,21,13
047  2            |        2
048  0            |        0
049  /            |       10
050  10^x         |       13
051  STO 2        |    44  2
052  1            |        1
053  +            |       40
054  RCL 2        |    45  2
055  1            |        1
056  -            |       30
057  /            |       10
058  RTN          |   43  32
059  LBL B        | 42,21,12
060  STO 2        |    44  2
061  1            |        1
062  -            |       30
063  RCL 2        |    45  2
064  1            |        1
065  +            |       40
066  /            |       10
067  LOG          |   43  13
068  2            |        2
069  0            |        0
070  *            |       20
071  CHS          |       16
072  RTN          |   43  32
073  LBL A        | 42,21,11
074  /            |       10
075  sqrt         |       11
076  STO 2        |    44  2
077  1            |        1
078  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
079  1            |        1
080  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
081  /            |       10
082  STO 3        |    44  3
083  1            |        1
084  -            |       30
085  RCL 3        |    45  3
086  1            |        1
087  +            |       40
088  /            |       10
089  LOG          |   43  13
090  2            |        2
091  0            |        0
092  CHS          |       16
093  *            |       20
094  STO 4        |    44  4
095  RCL 3        |    45  3
096  RTN          |   43  32

Dump

######################################################


DM15
00  01544068044001  01544068044001  01544068044001  00000000000000
04  1154407ffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000000000eae
08  00000000000000  362f0d9e8a808f  00000000002a00  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  02000000000001
14  f0000000000027  c0d2d2d2d2d2d2  000000000004f8  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  00000000000000
c0  01406828223000  01406828223000  01544068044001  00000000000000
f8  000000b23344fc  c3f0f2bcfdfaf1  33fbf143fda2cf  f182cff142cafd
fc  0ab2c3fcf0f2bc  fdfaf132fbf142  0bb2fdfbf132fa  f142ccfdf0f20c
A: 1154407ffff000  B: 1154407ffffeae  C: 00000000000eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 15440680436000  N: 01544068044001  G: 04

Decode of Dump above

#
001  LBL C        | 42,21,13
002  2            |        2
003  0            |        0
004  /            |       10
005  10^x         |       13
006  STO 2        |    44  2
007  1            |        1
008  +            |       40
009  RCL 2        |    45  2
010  1            |        1
011  -            |       30
012  /            |       10
013  RTN          |   43  32
014  LBL B        | 42,21,12
015  STO 2        |    44  2
016  1            |        1
017  -            |       30
018  RCL 2        |    45  2
019  1            |        1
020  +            |       40
021  /            |       10
022  LOG          |   43  13
023  2            |        2
024  0            |        0
025  *            |       20
026  CHS          |       16
027  RTN          |   43  32
028  LBL A        | 42,21,11
029  /            |       10
030  sqrt         |       11
031  STO 2        |    44  2
032  1            |        1
033  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
034  1            |        1
035  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
036  /            |       10
037  STO 3        |    44  3
038  1            |        1
039  -            |       30
040  RCL 3        |    45  3
041  1            |        1
042  +            |       40
043  /            |       10
044  LOG          |   43  13
045  2            |        2
046  0            |        0
047  CHS          |       16
048  *            |       20
049  STO 4        |    44  4
050  RCL 3        |    45  3
051  RTN          |   43  32
########################################################################

Dump 23/12/21

### 23/12/21
# A = Stack Y -> Ref, Stack X ->Fwd -> [f][A] -> Stack Y = RL, Stack X = SWR
# B = SWR -> RL
# C = RL -> SWR
# D = PiAttn : (y = attn, x = Zo) -> [f][D] -> (y = series R, x = shunt Rs)
# E = Fibonacci Number x = n -> f(n)
# 


DM15_M1B
00  03400000000001  01000000000001  08000000000000  00000000000000
04  155000000ff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002000010eae
08  00000000000000  2faf0bde7aa28f  000080bcbcaf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  01000000000001  00000000000000  03400000000001
14  f7365289446057  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000001f1  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01387265622000
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  05000000000001  02500000000003
20  01800000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  00000000000000  000000000000b2  3344fcc3f0f2bc  fdfaf133fbf143
f4  fda2cff182cff1  42cafd0ab2c3fc  f0f2bcfdfaf132  fbf1420bb2fdfb
f8  f132faf142ccfd  f0f20cb2333444  c0cffdc2cff2fb  ba32f143c0cffd
fc  a2cff182cff142  ccfdc3f0f241c5  400db21182c5b1  fa01f0c1f1400e
A: 155000000ff000  B: 155000000ffeae  C: 00002000010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 05500000000001  G: 06

Decode of dump above

# 
#
001  LBL E        | 42,21,15
002  STO 0        |    44  0
003  1            |        1
004  ENTER        |       36
005  0            |        0
006  LBL 1        | 42,21, 1
007  +            |       40
008  LSTx         |   43  36
009  x<>y         |       34
010  DSE 0        | 42, 5, 0
011  GTO 1        |    22  1
012  RTN          |   43  32
013  LBL D        | 42,21,14
014  STO 0        |    44  0
015  x<>y         |       34
016  STO 1        |    44  1
017  2            |        2
018  0            |        0
019  CHS          |       16
020  /            |       10
021  10^x         |       13
022  STO 2        |    44  2
023  1            |        1
024  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
025  1            |        1
026  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
027  /            |       10
028  RCL*0        | 45,20, 0
029  STO 3        |    44  3
030  1            |        1
031  RCL 2        |    45  2
032  x^2          |   43  11
033  -            |       30
034  2            |        2
035  RCL*2        | 45,20, 2
036  /            |       10
037  RCL*0        | 45,20, 0
038  STO 4        |    44  4
039  RCL 4        |    45  4
040  RCL 3        |    45  3
041  RTN          |   43  32
042  LBL C        | 42,21,13
043  2            |        2
044  0            |        0
045  /            |       10
046  10^x         |       13
047  STO 2        |    44  2
048  1            |        1
049  +            |       40
050  RCL 2        |    45  2
051  1            |        1
052  -            |       30
053  /            |       10
054  RTN          |   43  32
055  LBL B        | 42,21,12
056  STO 2        |    44  2
057  1            |        1
058  -            |       30
059  RCL 2        |    45  2
060  1            |        1
061  +            |       40
062  /            |       10
063  LOG          |   43  13
064  2            |        2
065  0            |        0
066  *            |       20
067  CHS          |       16
068  RTN          |   43  32
069  LBL A        | 42,21,11
070  /            |       10
071  sqrt         |       11
072  STO 2        |    44  2
073  1            |        1
074  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
075  1            |        1
076  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
077  /            |       10
078  STO 3        |    44  3
079  1            |        1
080  -            |       30
081  RCL 3        |    45  3
082  1            |        1
083  +            |       40
084  /            |       10
085  LOG          |   43  13
086  2            |        2
087  0            |        0
088  CHS          |       16
089  *            |       20
090  STO 4        |    44  4
091  RCL 3        |    45  3
092  RTN          |   43  32
=======================================================================
#

Dump 10/2/22

#
#    10 Feb 2022
#    Butterworth Filter designer
#    enter filter order (n) into Y register (+ = HPF, - = LPF) , 
#    enter Freq into X register
#    execute program with [f] [A]
#    Values for each component are obtained from registers R1 -> Rn 

DM15_M1B
00  02251666050002  03218976343993  03218976343993  00000000000000
04  16640fff000000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00012012012eae
08  00000000000000  36800bdf7e820f  bef20200000000  00000000000000
10  05000000000000  03218976343993  06005000000000  02000000000000
14  f0000000012377  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000005f0  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00300  04918158214989
1c  09947183945992  04918158214989  03218976343993  01103787069994
20  04547284088990  01103787069994  04026420096990  08509227540993
24  02583151782990  04031222906993  05481145266989  07025940305993
28  09506412356989  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
2c  04000000000007  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  0000b2fcf2c7fd  fcf230fcf0f8f1  fbf1fcf2001811  9596ce50ff20eb
f4  87012640b340ff  72c56930ff83ff  0a17129596fdfc  b6fcf25986eb87
f8  022608b2139596  fdf0f58605b213  9596fcf0f58604  10ff1950ffa3fd
fc  f2eb87032607b2  97faf1fdf0f0f0  f13006b21514ec  00ffb21415ec09
A: 16640fff000000  B: 16640fff000eae  C: 00012012012eae
S: 00000100000000
M: 02000000000001  N: 06639528095001  G: 23

Decode of dump above

=====================================================================
001  LBL 9        | 42,21, 9
002  x=0          |   43  20
003  GTO 5        |    22  5
004  GTO 4        |    22  4
005  RTN          |   43  32
006  LBL .0       | 42,21,.0
007  x=0          |   43  20
008  GTO 4        |    22  4
009  GTO 5        |    22  5
010  RTN          |   43  32
011  LBL 6        | 42,21, 6
012  RCL 0        |    45  0
013  1            |        1
014  0            |        0
015  0            |        0
016  0            |        0
017  /            |       10
018  1            |        1
019  +            |       40
020  STO I        |   44  25
021  RTN          |   43  32
022  LBL 7        | 42,21, 7
023  GSB 6        |    32  6
024  LBL 3        | 42,21, 3
025  RCL I        |   45  25
026  INT          |   43  44
027  2            |        2
028  /            |       10
029  FRAC         |   42  44
030  F? 0         | 43, 6, 0
031  GTO 9        |    22  9
032  GTO .0       |    22 .0
033  LBL 4        | 42,21, 4
034  RCL (i)      |   45  24
035  5            |        5
036  0            |        0
037  *            |       20
038  STO (i)      |   44  24
039  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
040  GTO 3        |    22  3
041  RTN          |   43  32
042  LBL 5        | 42,21, 5
043  RCL (i)      |   45  24
044  5            |        5
045  0            |        0
046  /            |       10
047  STO (i)      |   44  24
048  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
049  GTO 3        |    22  3
050  RTN          |   43  32
051  LBL 8        | 42,21, 8
052  GSB 6        |    32  6
053  LBL 2        | 42,21, 2
054  RCL I        |   45  25
055  INT          |   43  44
056  RCL (i)      |   45  24
057  RCL .9       |    45 .9
058  2            |        2
059  *            |       20
060  PI           |   43  26
061  *            |       20
062  /            |       10
063  STO (i)      |   44  24
064  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
065  GTO 2        |    22  2
066  GTO 7        |    22  7
067  LBL A        | 42,21,11
068  ENG 3        | 42, 9, 3
069  SF 0         | 43, 4, 0
070  STO .9       |    44 .9
071  x<>y         |       34
072  TEST 2       | 43,30, 2
073  CF 0         | 43, 5, 0
074  ABS          |   43  16
075  STO 0        |    44  0
076  GSB 6        |    32  6
077  LBL 1        | 42,21, 1
078  RCL I        |   45  25
079  INT          |   43  44
080  GSB 0        |    32  0
081  F? 0         | 43, 6, 0
082  1/x          |       15
083  STO (i)      |   44  24
084  ISG I        | 42, 6,25
085  GTO 1        |    22  1
086  GTO 8        |    22  8
087  LBL 0        | 42,21, 0
088  2            |        2
089  *            |       20
090  1            |        1
091  -            |       30
092  1            |        1
093  8            |        8
094  0            |        0
095  *            |       20
096  RCL 0        |    45  0
097  2            |        2
098  *            |       20
099  /            |       10
100  SIN          |       23
101  2            |        2
102  *            |       20
103  RTN          |   43  32

Dump 07/02/25

###############
# 7 Feb 2025
# LBL A = y : ref/ x : fwd fA -> y : RL / x : SWR
# LBL B = SWR -> RL
# LBL C = RL -> SWR
# LBL D = Gas calc (tare ENTER gross ENTER cylinder "full gas weight" (i.e. 6/13/19kg) f D -> percentage full
# LBL E = DTT Freq <-> Channel conversion

DM15_M1B
00  09806650000000  02200000000001  03060000000002  00000000000000
04  066261ff934000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000991000eae
08  00000000000000  39a287df7e2200  dba00240000000  00000000000000
10  01579783596001  01579783596001  00000000000000  08000000000000
14  f0000000000014  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000005f0  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01387265619000
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  0000b2fdfbf1c5  faf1c1c1ccfdf0  f20cb2c3fcf0f2  bcfdfaf1c5fbf1
f4  c1c10bb23344c3  fcf0f2bcfdfaf1  33fbf143fda2cf  f182cff142cafd
f8  0ab2fcf0f0f1fd  32fbc531fcf4f5  f4c0fafdf6f1fc  f0f0f1a3c5ebc1
fc  40c441c4420db2  faf6f0f3fcf809  b2fdf8fbf6f0f3  1978c5f6f0f30e
A: 066261ff934000  B: 066261ff934eae  C: 00000991000eae
S: 00000100000000
M: 03060000000002  N: 06626070150966  G: 04

Work Tools 23/01/26

###################################
#
#   Label A = DTT : Freq / Channel conversion
#   Label B = Gas : Tare/Gross/Size to calculate percentage-full
#   Label C = Return Loss to SWR conversion
#   Label D = SWR to Return Loss conversion
#   Label E = Reflected & Forward power to Return Loss and SWR calculation

DM15_M1B
00  03060000000002  04925000000001  04925000000001  00000000000000
04  2698000000f000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002001001eae
08  00000000000000  bfaf0bfe7e228f  02f082bcbcaf80  00000000000000
10  04002000000001  03650000000001  06000000000000  03060000000002
14  f0000000000100  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000005f0  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01622214211999
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  05000000000000  03000000000000
20  00000000000000  00000000000000  04000000000000  08000000000000
24  02100000000001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f0  0000b2faf6f0f3  fcf809b2fdf8fb  f6f0f31978c5f6  f0f30ab2fcf0f0
f4  f1fd32fbc531fc  f4f5f4c0fafdf6  f1fcf0f0f1a3c5  ebc140c441c442
f8  0bb2c3fcf0f2bc  fdfaf1c5fbf1c1  c10db2fdfbf1c5  faf1c1c1ccfdf0
fc  f20cb23344c3fc  f0f2bcfdfaf133  fbf143fda2cff1  82cff142cafd0e
A: 2698000000f000  B: 2698000000feae  C: 00002001001eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 06980000000000  N: 06980000000002  G: 06

Decoded Dump

001  LBL E        | 42,21,15
002  /            |       10
003  sqrt         |       11
004  STO 2        |    44  2
005  1            |        1
006  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
007  1            |        1
008  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
009  /            |       10
010  STO 3        |    44  3
011  1            |        1
012  -            |       30
013  RCL 3        |    45  3
014  1            |        1
015  +            |       40
016  /            |       10
017  LOG          |   43  13
018  2            |        2
019  0            |        0
020  *            |       20
021  CHS          |       16
022  STO 4        |    44  4
023  RCL 3        |    45  3
024  RTN          |   43  32
025  LBL C        | 42,21,13
026  2            |        2
027  0            |        0
028  /            |       10
029  10^x         |       13
030  ENTER        |       36
031  ENTER        |       36
032  1            |        1
033  +            |       40
034  x<>y         |       34
035  1            |        1
036  -            |       30
037  /            |       10
038  RTN          |   43  32
039  LBL D        | 42,21,14
040  ENTER        |       36
041  ENTER        |       36
042  1            |        1
043  -            |       30
044  x<>y         |       34
045  1            |        1
046  +            |       40
047  /            |       10
048  LOG          |   43  13
049  2            |        2
050  0            |        0
051  *            |       20
052  CHS          |       16
053  RTN          |   43  32
054  LBL B        | 42,21,12
055  STO 2        |    44  2
056  R_down       |       33
057  STO 1        |    44  1
058  R_down       |       33
059  STO 0        |    44  0
060  ENTER        |       36
061  INT          |   43  44
062  x<>y         |       34
063  FRAC         |   42  44
064  1            |        1
065  0            |        0
066  0            |        0
067  *            |       20
068  1            |        1
069  6            |        6
070  /            |       10
071  +            |       40
072  .            |       48
073  4            |        4
074  5            |        5
075  4            |        4
076  *            |       20
077  RCL 1        |    45  1
078  x<>y         |       34
079  -            |       30
080  RCL 2        |    45  2
081  /            |       10
082  1            |        1
083  0            |        0
084  0            |        0
085  *            |       20
086  RTN          |   43  32
087  LBL A        | 42,21,11
088  3            |        3
089  0            |        0
090  6            |        6
091  x<>y         |       34
092  TEST 8       | 43,30, 8
093  GTO 9        |    22  9
094  3            |        3
095  0            |        0
096  6            |        6
097  -            |       30
098  8            |        8
099  /            |       10
100  RTN          |   43  32
101  LBL 9        | 42,21, 9
102  8            |        8
103  *            |       20
104  3            |        3
105  0            |        0
106  6            |        6
107  +            |       40
108  RTN          |   43  32

LBL A = DTT MHz or Channel No f A → Channel No or MHz
LBL B = Gas : tare weight ENTER gross kg ENTER cylinder size kg f B → Fill percentage %
LBL C = Return Loss dBf C → SWR
LBL D = SWR f D → Return Loss dB
LBL E = Reflected Power ENTER Forward Power f E → Return Loss dB (y), SWR (x)

Solve with an Integral

from HP34C manual pp233
Solves Bessel function for Bessel-zero mod. index value

DM15_M1B
00  02404827787000  00000000000000  01570796327996  30001fd33ff996
04  024048fffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  40999997000eae
08  00000000000000  2fbf8db6e42080  00000000000040  00000000000000
10  02404827787000  00000000000000  00000000000000  95139629874993
14  00000000000000  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000006fd  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  00000000000000
fc  00000000000000  00b2fdb6c8fc30  c703b2b170a2ed  b333efb6f0400a
A: 024048fffff000  B: 024048fffffeae  C: 40999997000eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 000000000060fd  N: 02404827787000  G: 04


LBL A
STO 0
0
PI
∫ 3
ABS
         // THIS IS A METHOD OF RESTRICTING SOLVE TO A CERTAIN ACCURACY TO REDUCE THE TIME..
x<=y?    // y has the Integration accuracy estimate. We test if our "zero" is <= this. No point in trying further. Limits search time
CLx      // if our current guess for "zero" is better than the integration accuracy estimate we wipe "x" to an "actual" zero so that the SOLVE will complete
x≠0?     // if it wasn't "zero" we replace the last estimate of the integration and the SOLVE continues
LASTx
RTN

LBL 3
SIN
RCL 0
*
COS
PI
/
RTN

be in RAD angle mode
put initial guesses of 0 ENTER 1 and then f SOLVE A
first bessel zero at mod index 2.405

Program dumps for LF15C

Firmware details

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

Start of thread : https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046.html
- Serial Port dump info : https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046-post-194697.html#pid194697
Serial Port settings
- Rate : 57600
- Data : 8 bit
- Stop : 1 bit
- Parity : None
- Flow Control : None
To extract a dump from calculator press and hold STO
- the non-zero digits can be copy/pasted into a text file for storage
To upload a previously saved dump
- copy it to clipboard and then
- press and hold RCL until the terminal shows Paste PrgMemory:
- in Putty ShiftFnInsert to paste clipboard text into terminal

Butterworth Filter

43 8 17 255 17 19 30 39 103 39 40 86 43 9 118 12 7 5 7 4 86 43 10 118 12 7 4 7 5 86 43 6 17 0 26 25 25 25 40 26 37 13 254 86 43 7 6 6 43 3 17 254 93 30 40 53 115 0 7 9 7 10 43 4 6 8 31 25 39 13 255 75 254 7 3 86 43 5 6 8 31 25 40 13 255 75 254 7 3 86 7 7 43 100 76 3 107 0 13 19 14 118 3 111 0 104 13 0 6 6 43 1 17 254 93 6 0 115 0 20 13 255 75 254 7 1 7 7 43 0 30 39 26 38 26 32 25 39 17 0 30 39 40 11 30 39 86 0

Order n (+ is HPF, - is LPF) → y
Frequency (Hz) → X
fA
Results are in R01 … R0n

Benchmarks

Savage, 8-queens, HP Maths and HP Trig

43 77 31 35 29 30 35 13 0 25 13 2 43 78 17 0 11 91 15 95 19 99 88 8 26 121 2 7 78 86 43 104 25 13 2 26 29 25 26 30 34 27 23 35 13 0 30 29 34 27 31 13 1 43 2 17 1 17 0 39 17 1 38 17 0 40 17 1 39 34 29 31 40 4 26 121 2 7 2 86 43 88 54 32 13 10 43 80 17 0 17 10 118 6 7 84 26 121 0 17 0 13 254 17 10 13 255 43 81 26 121 11 17 0 13 9 43 82 26 122 9 17 9 118 12 7 80 17 0 13 254 17 255 17 9 13 254 10 17 255 38 118 12 7 83 104 17 0 17 9 38 118 7 7 82 43 83 17 0 13 254 26 122 255 17 255 118 1 7 81 26 122 0 17 0 118 1 7 83 43 84 17 11 58 86 43 100 112 30 27 36 36 13 0 26 22 22 22 43 101 84 4 88 8 99 19 37 71 0 7 101 58 86 0

Savage is prog A : fA
8-Queens is prog 88 : f LBL 88
- Both the above use runTime to measure execution time - returns result in y and time in x
HP Museum Maths Benchmark is prog E : fE.
- Run for 60 seconds, press R/S and find result in reg 02 RCL02
HP Museum Trig Benchmark is prog 77 : fLBL 77.
- Run for 60 seconds, press R/S and find result in reg 02 RCL02

Work Tools

43 104 40 4 13 2 26 125 2 26 126 2 40 13 3 26 38 17 3 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 17 3 86 43 103 22 22 26 38 14 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 86 43 102 30 25 40 12 22 22 26 37 14 26 38 40 86 43 101 13 2 10 13 1 10 13 0 22 93 14 53 26 25 25 39 26 35 40 37 29 27 31 27 39 17 1 14 38 17 2 40 26 25 25 39 86 43 100 34 25 31 14 118 8 7 1 32 39 34 25 35 37 86 43 1 34 25 35 38 32 40 86 0

LBL A = DTT (Channel ↔ Freq )
LBL B = Gas
LBL C = Return Loss → SWR
LBL D = SWR → Return Loss
LBL E = Reflected Power & Forward Power → Return Loss & SWR

Work Tools & Benchmarks

43 55 31 35 29 30 35 13 0 25 13 2 43 56 17 0 11 91 15 95 19 99 88 8 26 121 2 7 56 86 43 44 25 13 2 26 29 25 26 30 34 27 23 35 13 0 30 29 34 27 31 13 1 43 45 17 1 17 0 39 17 1 38 17 0 40 17 1 39 34 29 31 40 4 26 121 2 7 45 86 43 88 54 32 13 10 43 80 17 0 17 10 118 6 7 84 26 121 0 17 0 13 254 17 10 13 255 43 81 26 121 11 17 0 13 9 43 82 26 122 9 17 9 118 12 7 80 17 0 13 254 17 255 17 9 13 254 10 17 255 38 118 12 7 83 104 17 0 17 9 38 118 7 7 82 43 83 17 0 13 254 26 122 255 17 255 118 1 7 81 26 122 0 17 0 118 1 7 83 43 84 17 11 58 86 43 66 112 30 27 36 36 13 0 26 22 22 22 43 67 84 4 88 8 99 19 37 71 0 7 67 58 86 43 104 40 4 13 2 26 125 2 26 126 2 40 13 3 26 38 17 3 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 17 3 86 43 103 22 22 26 38 14 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 86 43 102 30 25 40 12 22 22 26 37 14 26 38 40 86 43 101 13 2 10 13 1 10 13 0 22 93 14 53 26 25 25 39 26 35 40 37 29 27 31 27 39 17 1 14 38 17 2 40 26 25 25 39 86 43 100 34 25 31 14 118 8 7 1 32 39 34 25 35 37 86 43 1 34 25 35 38 32 40 86 0 0

LBL A = DTT (Channel ↔ Freq )
LBL B = Gas
LBL C = Return Loss → SWR
LBL D = SWR → Return Loss
LBL E = Reflected Power & Forward Power → Return Loss & SWR

Savage is prog is prog 66 : f LBL 66
8-Queens is prog 88 : f LBL 88
- Both the above use runTime to measure execution time - returns result in y and time in x
HP Museum Maths Benchmark is prog is prog 44 : f LBL 44
- Run for 60 seconds, press R/S and find result in reg 02 RCL02
HP Museum Trig Benchmark is prog 55 : fLBL 55.
- Run for 60 seconds, press R/S and find result in reg 02 RCL02

Dot/Cross/Uvec

43 12 22 104 40 86 43 11 13 99 10 13 98 55 17 99 39 17 98 17 99 55 39 38 30 78 40 86 43 10 13 98 10 13 99 17 98 55 39 17 98 17 99 55 39 37 30 40 86 0 0

* Dot Product of 2 complex numbers in y and x

|Y||X|Cosθ
- Y = Y_re + j Y_im
- X = X_re + j X_im
- Dot Product Y ⋅ X = Y_reX_re + Y_imX_im
Another way without splitting the complex number into its real & imaginary parts
- Dot Product Y ⋅ X = (Y^*.X + Y.X^*) / 2
  - f LBL 10

Cross Product of 2 complex numbers in y and x
- |Y||X|Sinθ
  - Y = Y_re + j Y_im
  - X = X_re + j X_im
  - Cross Product Y ⊗ X = Y_reX_im - Y_imX_re
- Another way without splitting the complex number into its real & imaginary parts
  - Cross Product Y ⊗ X = (Y^*.X - Y.X^*) / 2i
    - f LBL 11

Unit Vector of a complex number in x : f LBL 12

Dot Product

LBL 10
STO 98
R↓
STO 99
RCL 98
f (i)
x
RCL 98
RCL 99
f (i)
x
+
2
/
RTN

Cross Product

LBL 11
STO 99
R↓
STO 98
f (i)
RCL 99
x
RCL 98
RCL 99
f (i)
x
-
2
f Re<>Im
/
RTN

UVEC

LBL 12
ENTER
ABS
/
RTN

Work Tools & Dot/Cross/UVEC

43 104 40 4 13 2 26 125 2 26 126 2 40 13 3 26 38 17 3 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 13 4 17 3 86 43 102 30 25 40 12 22 22 26 37 14 26 38 40 86 43 103 22 22 26 38 14 26 37 40 92 30 25 39 24 86 43 101 13 2 10 13 1 10 13 0 22 93 14 53 26 25 25 39 26 35 40 37 29 27 31 27 39 17 1 14 38 17 2 40 26 25 25 39 86 43 100 34 25 35 14 118 9 7 9 34 25 35 38 32 40 86 43 9 32 39 34 25 35 37 86 43 12 22 104 40 86 43 11 13 99 10 13 98 55 17 99 39 17 98 17 99 55 39 38 30 78 40 86 43 10 13 98 10 13 99 17 98 55 39 17 98 17 99 55 39 37 30 40 86 0 0

LBL A = DTT MHz or Channel No f A → Channel No or MHz
LBL B = Gas : tare weight ENTER gross kg ENTER cylinder size kg f B → Fill percentage %
LBL C = Return Loss dBf C → SWR
LBL D = SWR f D → Return Loss dB
LBL E = Reflected Power ENTER Forward Power f E → Return Loss dB (y), SWR (x)

LBL 10 = Dot Product
LBL 11 = Cross Product
LBL 12 = Unit Vector

Solve with an Integral

from HP34C manual pp233
Solves Bessel function for Bessel-zero mod. index value

differs from the DM15L (HP15C) version because the Integration Accuracy estimate is very small so the test of x < = y? will never be true
instead we store a required ACC value (much like in the HP42S/DM42) in R001 and test against this instead

Memory Dump

43 100 13 0 25 103 79 3 104 17 1 118 8 98 118 1 102 86 43 3 11 17 0 39 15 103 40 86 0 0

Code


LBL A
STO 0
0
PI
∫ 3
ABS
RCL 1
x>y? // test if current guess (y) is better (lower) than our required accuracy (x)
CLx   // if it is, we're near enough, put a real zero in x
x≠0   // if it isn't zero we need to continue
LASTx // put back the last guess into x and the SOLVE goes on
RTN


LBL 3
SIN
RCL 0
*
COS
PI
/
RTN

be in RAD angle mode
put your ACC value in R001 (e.g. 0.0001 or 0.00001)
put initial guesses of 1 ENTER 2 and then f SOLVE A
first bessel zero at mod index 2.4048

Integrate Tests

The 12 Integration examples from the PPC ROM handbook section IG

43 12 84 24 26 37 14 24 30 37 39 4 86 43 11 28 16 14 84 24 26 37 4 39 14 24 30 37 26 34 22 30 40 16 40 86 43 10 84 24 26 37 4 86 43 9 30 20 24 16 86 43 8 88 15 86 43 7 35 25 25 103 39 37 4 14 4 37 14 11 84 35 25 25 39 14 40 86 43 6 24 27 37 14 39 4 86 43 5 4 14 26 38 40 14 88 20 38 86 43 4 88 86 43 3 103 39 11 86 43 2 4 86 43 1 27 14 84 26 37 40 86 0 0

SCI04 display mode

12 programs. Set limits and then execute f ∫ prog number

For example for program 1

0 ENTER 1 f ∫ 0 1 gives answer 3.1416

Limits 0 → 1 answer 3.1416
Limits 0 → 1 answer 6.6667 E-1
Limits 0 → 1 answer 6.3662 E-1 (rads mode)
Limits 0 → 1 answer -1.000
Limits 0 → 1 answer 3.6490 E-2
Limits 0 → 2 answer 3.1416
Limits 0 → π answer 2.1102 E1
Limits 0 → 1 answer 5.0000 E-1 (rads mode)
Limits 0 → 1 answer 2.0000
Limits 0 → 1 answer 7.8540 E-1
Limits -1 → 1 answer 2.3857 E-2
Limits -1 → 1 answer 2.2033

Using FIX10 still allows the integrations to complete almost instantly except for Program 8 which takes around 8 seconds!

Dropping to FIX08 and program 8 integration completes almost instantaneously too. Strangely Program 8 has some odd behaviour regarding display precision.

FIX04 → FIX07 → instantaneous answer 0.5000….
FIX08 → instantaneous answer 0.50000….
FIX09 → 8 seconds answer 0.499964689
FIX10 → 8 seconds answer 0.4999747623
FIX11 → 10 seconds answer 0.49999489949
FIX12 → 10 seconds answer 0.499999962001
FIX13 → instantaneous answer 0.5000……
FIX14 → instantaneous answer 0.500000……
FIX15 → instantaneous answer 0.5000000……

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 17:35:39 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 16/04/26 16:01 BST

Further Information

calculator, dm15l, lf15c

YaDDNet : New VPS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 05 Jun 2026 07:43:18 +0000

←YaDDNet

YaDDNet : New VPS

Moving YaDDNet from USA to UK

Background

YaDDNet started hosted on a machine in my shed
In 2019 I almost gave up maintaining & hosting it and was approached by Alan Spindel ex. of WLO/Mobile Radio with the offer of a free VPS in the States
I moved everything from my own PC to the new Cloud Server - as documented largely here Yaddnet Migration
It's run quietly and without too may hiccups since 2019 until now, April 13th 2024
Alan has now been asked to contribute financially for continued access to the VPS - up to $200 per month
This is way too much money!
I looked at my current VPS hosted by Fasthosts and they do a VPS with similar specs to the existing USA-based server - for £12 per month
I let Alan know I'd take on the new server and migrate YaDDNet ASAP, and began the process of obtaining server, installing software required, copying YaDDNet Python code, transferring YaDDNet HTML/PHP web pages and then the big job of taking a MYSQL dump of the YaDDNet database and copying it over, and putting it into the new SQL server.
Let the fun begin

New VPS

I bought a VPS L from Fasthosts
- 120GB HDD, 4GB RAM, 2 CPU, Ubuntu 20.4
I copied the yaddnet python code (in a tar-ball) that deals with the network feeds of Yadd and DSCDecoder and injects the resulting data into the MySQLdatabase from the existing server.
I installed the necessary software
- Python2.7
- python-is-python2
- python-dev-is-python2
- MySQL Client
- MySQL Server
- Apache2
- PHP
- Tmux
- Vim
- copied my .bashrc from the old server for colour prompt etc.

Using the previous Yaddnet Migration info Yaddnet Migration I had some guidance of any tweaks needed.
I needed extra Python2 supporting libraries
- For MySQLdb → pip install MySQL-python
- but for pip…. I need pip2… how to get it - it's no longer available from Ubuntu's apt repositories.
  - I found a script get-pip.py at github
    - https://github.com/pypa/get-pip
    - also need python-dev from apt
    - also need my_config.h from where..?
    - finally can pip install MySQL-python

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py --output get-pip.py
sudo python2 get-pip.py
sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/paulfitz/mysql-connector-c/master/include/my_config.h -O /usr/include/mysql/my_config.h
sudo pip2 install MySQL-python

at this point I could run the python server code, in a tmux session as usual, using the shell script in the python directory extracted from the tar-ball. All the supporting libraries were there.

MySQL config

My old notes had instructions of how to set MySQL for password-less root access, but I found by trial and error that these steps no longer work in Ubuntu 20.4, with systemd
I found some help online https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-root-password-in-mysql-8-on-ubuntu-linux/
- the basic is that it's now necessary to add options to MySQL via systemd
- for skip-grant-tables

$ sudo systemctl stop mysql
$ sudo systemctl status mysql
$ sudo systemctl edit mysql

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl start mysql
$ sudo mysql -u root

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '';
mysql> exit

$ sudo systemctl revert mysql
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl restart mysql

Make database for yadd

$mysql -u root

mysql> create database yadd;
mysql> quit;

Get the data

on the old server

$ mysqldump -u root yadd > yadd_backup.sql

and wait…. and wait…..
eventually there's a 6.2GB sql file containing all the existing data
bzip2 the file to make it smaller (it's about 400MB now) for scp transfer to the new server
send it across:
- scp yaddnet_backup.sql.bz2 gm4slv@109.228.53.165:

on the new server
- bunzip2 yaddnet_backup.sql.bz2
- and wait….and wait
then inject it into the new yadd database

mysql -u root yadd < yaddnet_backup.sql

and wait…. and wait…. and wait
eventually the command returns and the database is restored on the new machine

Web pages

extract the backed-up webpages from the old server and copy them to /var/www/html
To be able to retrieve SQL data via PHP I needed to install more

sudo apt-get install php-mysql

Almost there….
New MYSQL user with a password for PHP data retrieval
- Alan Spindel informed me that there was an update some time ago and it was necessary to create a new MySQL user, with a password, and to modify the PHP files to use it in the PHP → MySQL transactions

CREATE USER 'XXXXX'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'YYYYY';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'XXXXX'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;

XXXXX is the username as set in all the PHP files and YYYYY is the password for the user
to perform some of the SQL queries (group-by) - need to alter sql-mode but again the old method using *.cnf files no longer works

# MySQL systemd service file

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Community Server
After=network.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
Type=notify
User=mysql
Group=mysql
PIDFile=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld  --sql-mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
TimeoutSec=infinity
Restart=on-failure
RuntimeDirectory=mysqld
RuntimeDirectoryMode=755
LimitNOFILE=10000

# Set enviroment variable MYSQLD_PARENT_PID. This is required for restart.
Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1
~
~

Then

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart mysql

start the Python code to listen for new data

./new_tmux.sh

open firewall for UDP/50666 and UDP/4530
set up my own Yadd receiver pointing at 109.228.53.165 port 50666 and let it send new data….
it's arriving!
Alter DNS for the domain at Fasthosts to point yaddnet.org and www.yaddnet.org → 109.228.53.165
Wait for new data from other YaDD receivers to start arriving as the DNS change propagates….
it's arriving
make /var/www/html/pages/php/test/tmp world read/writable to allow new text files to be written there (eg REU searches etc.)

Clean up

that's everything working correctly
crontab entries to maintain everything

@reboot sleep 60; sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/yaddnet/tmux_yadd.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
 
 
15 */4 * * * /home/gm4slv/yaddnet/purge_err.sh > /dev/null
* * * * * /home/gm4slv/yaddnet/purge_tmp.sh > /dev/null

get SSL certificates from Fasthost and convert Apache2 to HTTPS, per previous posts
- SSL Install on VPS
- VPS Notes
add a PayPal Donate button

install mercurial on new server and make new code repositories

hg init
hg add
hg com -m "first commit, new server"

yaddnet_repo containing the python and various bash scripts for handling incoming data and SQL injection
yaddnet_web_repo containing the html and php web pages

Extra

config directory needs access control via .htaccess and .htpasswd
- first apache2 needs config tweaking

<Directory /path/to/website/database_tweaks/config>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
</Directory>

.htaccess file in config directory

AuthType Basic
AuthName "Password Protected Area"
AuthUserFile  /path/to/website/database_tweaks/config/.htpasswd
Require valid-user

create a .htpasswd file for the user who can have access to config
restart apache2
to prevent directory file-listing (where there's no index.html file) remove Indexes from apache2.conf

<Directory /var/www/>
        Options  FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

to allow the test directory itself to be listed (I can't be bothered to maintain an index for these scraps of php)

<Directory /var/www/html/pages/php/test/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

restart apache2

— John Pumford-Green 14/04/24 18:11 BST

Further Information

yaddnet, radio

Benchmarking

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 13:35:47 +0000

←Calculators

Benchmarking

Various methods to test the speed of calculators

HP Museum Benchmarks

These pseudo-code examples need tweaking for each calculator, some have alpha register names, some numeric.

The handling of the <loop> is different in each calculator,too.

The Programs are run for 1 minute and the result (the number of loops completed) is found in register 2 (or wherever is used in the calculator being tested).

HP Museum Maths Benchmark

psuedo code

LBL <whatever>
0
STO 2
1.01234 EEX 6
STO 0
2.345
STO 1
<loop>
RCL 1
RCL 0
*
RCL 1
-
RCL 0
/
RCL 1
*
3.5
/
SQRT
1
STO+ 2
GTO <loop>

HP Museum Trig Benchmark

pseudo code

LBL <whatever>
56.26
STO 0
0
STO 2
<loop>
RCL 0
SIN
ASIN
COS
ACOS
TAN
ATAN
LN
e^x
1
STO + 2
GTO <loop>

Overall Results

sorted by Maths Benchmark

Date	Calculator	Serial No	Firmware	Maths Result	Maths % ¹⁾	Trig Result	Trig %²⁾	Comment
12/01/26	DM15L *	21350	lf15c_250408.hex	99,869	14,708%	17,306	43,265%	3rd Party Firmware
21/09/24	DM15L *	21350	lf15c_beta240920.zip	68,791	10,131%	14,159	35,397%	3rd Party Firmware
20/07/23	DM32	00812	2.03	46,265	6,813%	12,224	30,560%
26/05/22	DM42	06434	3.21	24,701	3,637%	3,741	9,352.5%
09/05/24	DM42 *	06434	C47 00.109.01.03a2	4,976	732.8%	210	525.0%	3rd Party Firmware
02/08/24	DM41X	01266	2.2	3,273	482%	627	1,690%	FAST/USB power
17/09/24	DM15L *	21350	lf15c_beta240916_2.zip	1,346	198%			3rd Party Firmware
26/05/22	DM41X	01266	2.1	1,117	164%	228	570%	FAST mode
02/08/24	DM41X	01266	2.2	1,038	152%	206	515%	FAST
14/01/26	DM41X	01266	2.3	900	132%	177	442%	FAST
23/01/26	DM15L	21350	DM15_M1B_34	790	116%	199	497%	48MHz
26/05/22	DM15L	21350	DM15_M1B_32	676	99%	185	462.5%	48MHz
26/05/22	HP35S	PHA9150KFF	n/a	292	43%	113	282.5%
23/12/25	DM41L	05121	DM41_34	261	38%	140	350%	48MHz
26/08/24	DM41L	05121	DM41_32	154	22%	108	270%	48MHz
26/05/22	DM15L	21350	DM15_M1B_32	150	22%	41	102.5%	12MHz
26/08/24	DM41L	05121	DM41_32	96	14%	40	100%	12MHz
26/05/22	DM41X	01266	2.1	93	13%	18	45%	SLOW mode (original HP41 Speed)
02/08/24	DM41X	01266	2.2	93	13%	18	45%	SLOW
28/07/22	HP11C	2219AO3710	n/a	37	5.45%	9	22.5%

Reference is HP9100 : Maths Score = 679, Trig Score = 40

Code

State Files for DM32

Maths : hpbmm : hpbmm.d32 : Run as XEQ A : Get result from RCL C

Trig : hpbmt : hpbmt.d32 : Run as XEQ A : Get result from RCL C

Maths Benchmark Listing for DM42

LBL "BM"
0
STO 02
1.01234E6 
STO 00
2.345
STO 01
LBL 02
RCL 01
RCL 00
x
RCL 01
-
RCL 00
÷
RCL 01
x
3.5
÷
SQRT
1
STO+ 02
GTO 02
END

Raw File : Maths Benchmark (bm) file for DM41X & DM42 bm.raw

Raw File : Trig Benchmark (bmt) file for DM41X & DM42 bmt.raw

Maths Benchmark Listing for DM41X

LBL ¬BM
0
STO 02
1.01234 E6
STO 00
2.345
STO 01
LBL 02
RCL 01
RCL 00
*
RCL 01
-
RCL 00
/
RCL 01
*
3.5
/
SQRT
1
ST+ 02
GTO 02
END

Maths Benchmark Listing for HP35S

LBL X
0
STO C
1.01234E6
STO A
2.345
STO B
RCL B  <-- loop in
RCL A
x
RCL B
-
RCL A
÷
RCL B
x
3.5
÷
√x
1
STO+ C
GTO X008  --> loop in

Maths Benchmark Listing for DM15L / HP15C

LBL E
0
STO 2
1
.
0
1
2
3
4
EEX
6 
STO 0
2
.
3
4
5
STO 1
LBL 2
RCL 1
RCL 0
x
RCL 1
-
RCL 0
÷
RCL 1
x
3
.
5
÷
√x
1
STO + 2
GTO 2
RTN

Maths Benchmark Listing for DM32

LBL A
0
STO C
1.01234 E 6
STO A
2.345
STO B
LBL B
RCL B
RCL A
X
RCL B
-
RCL A
/
RCL B
X
3.5
/
SQRT
1
STO+ C
GTO B
RTN

DM15L Memory Dump : Maths Benchmark = LBL A, Trig Benchmark = LBL B

DM15_M1B
00  05626000000001  01000000000000  01000000000000  00000000000000
04  04975000fff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00999999999eae
08  00000000000000  2a2f87beda1280  00000000bcaf80  00000000000000
10  05626000000001  02345000000000  00000000000000  04000000000001
14  f0000000000402  1b4c4c4c4c4c4c  000000000007f7  000000000007fe
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  01990000000002
1c  01387265622000  01579783596001  05000000000000  03000000000000
20  00000000000000  00000000000000  04000000000000  08000000000000
24  02100000000001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f4  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  b21282dff1cafd
f8  f5c0f3fc31fd30  fb31fc30310241  f5f4f3c0f240f6  c6f4f3f2f1f0c0
fc  f142f00ab21382  dff1cbbbb9c9b8  c8b7c7300342f0  40f6f2c0f6f50b
A: 04975000fff000  B: 04975000fffeae  C: 00999999999eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 04000000000000  N: 04975000000000  G: 06

The SAVAGE benchmark

From HPCC Datafile V37N1 pp38-42

Raw File : Savage Benchmark (svg) for DM41X & DM42 svg.raw

State File : savage for DM32 savage.d32 : XEQ S

Listing for self-timed version

LBL "SVG"
"SAVAGE"
AVIEW
RAD
2499
STO 00
1
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
STO 01
TIME
X<> 01
LBL 01
X^2
SQRT
LN
E^X
ATAN
TAN
+
DSE 00 
GTO 01
TIME
RCL 01
HMS-
HR
3600
*
END

Listing for the simple (manual timed) version

No time calculation, it needs a stopwatch to measure the time… for calculators without TIME functions

LBL A
RAD
2499
STO A (for HP11C "STO I", for DM15L "STO 0")
1
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
LBL B
X^2
SQRT
LN
E^X
ATAN
TAN
+
DSE A  (for HP11C "DSE", for DM15L "DSE 0" )
GTO B
RTN

DM15L Memory Dump

DM15_M1B
00  01000000000000  01000000000000  01000000000000  00000000000000
04  32499970322000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  40997997010eae
08  00000000000000  3ebeefb6e4228f  e79282e8bc2ac0  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  08000000000000  06000000000000  02498970322003
14  f0000000000504  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000001fc  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  06000000000000
1c  04000000000000  07000000000000  05000000000000  03000000000000
20  00000000000000  00000000000000  04000000000000  08000000000000
24  02100000000001  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
fc  000000000000b2  1b82fac9b9cbbb  caba0bc1c1c1f1  40f9f9f4f2e80a
A: 32499970322000  B: 32499970322eae  C: 40997997010eae
S: 00000000000000
M: 00000000000000  N: 02499970322003  G: 09

LF15C Memory Dump

Results

On Battery:

Calculator	Firmware	Seconds	Mins/seconds	Comment	Displayed Result
DM15L *	LF15c_beta250217b	3.862 seconds	0 mins 3.862 sec	Timed by internal function “runTime”	2500.00000000118
DM15L *	LF15c_beta250215	3.969 seconds	0 mins 3.969 sec	Timed by internal function “runTime”	2500.00000000118
DM15l *	LF15C_250408	4.008 seconds	0 mins 4.008 sec	Timed by internal function “runTime”	2500.00000000118
DM15L *	LF15c_beta241006	5.9510 seconds	0 mins 5.951 sec	Timed by internal function “runTime”	2500.00000000118
DM15L *	LF15C_beta240928	6.3 seconds	0 min 6.3 sec	manually timed	2500.00000000118
DM32	2.03 & 2.06	6.3 seconds	0 min 6.3 sec		2500.00000000
DM42	3.22	14.9 seconds	0 min 14.9 sec		2500.00000000
DM41X	2.3	143.69 seconds	2 min 26.69 sec	FAST mode / USB Power	2499.970322
DM41X	2.1	207.03 seconds	3 min 27.03 sec	FAST mode	2499.970322
DM41X	2.2	244.2 seconds	4 min 4.25 sec	FAST mode	2499.970322
DM15L	DM15_M1B_34	247.3 seconds	4 min 34.3 sec	48MHz	2499.970322
DM41X	2.3	284.15 seconds	4 min 44.15 sec	FAST Mode	2499.970322
DM15L	DM15_32	288 seconds	4 min 48 sec	48MHz	2499.970322
DM41L	DM41_34	513.73 seconds	8 min 33 sec	48MHZ	2499.970322
DM41L	DM41_32	758.67 seconds	12 min 38.67 sec	48MHz	2499.970322
HP35S	n/a	877 seconds	14 min 37 sec		2499.99939863
DM41L	DM41_34	1285.93 seconds	21 min 25.93 seconds	12MHz	2499.970322
DM41X	2.1	2652.37 seconds	44 min 12.37 sec	SLOW mode	2499.970322
HP11C		5160 seconds	1 hour 26 min 0 sec		2499.970322

On USB Power :

DM41X : 58.1 seconds (FAST mode) (F/W/ Version ?)
DM42 : 5.56 seconds

N-Queens

https://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-bin/articles.cgi?read=700

Raw File : N-Queens file (nqu) for DM41X & DM42 nqu.raw

State File : nqu for DM32 nqu.d32

Listing for HP41/DM41X/DM41L/HP42/DM42

// for HP41 / HP 42  ... DM41X, DM41L, DM42
// shows run-time on completion

LBL "NQU"   
CLRG
TIME
STO 20
8 
STO 11
LBL 00  
RCL 00 
RCL 11
X=Y? 
GTO 04
ISG 00 
DEG
STO IND 00
LBL 01 
ISG 10 
DEG
RCL 00 
STO 09
LBL 02  
DSE 09 
DEG
RCL 09 
X=0? 
GTO 00
RCL IND 00 
RCL IND 09 
-
X=0? 
GTO 03
ABS 
RCL 00 
RCL 09 
-
X<>Y? 
GTO 02
LBL 03  
DSE IND 00 
GTO 01
DSE 00 
GTO 03
LBL 04 
RCL 10
TIME 
RCL 20
HMS-
HR
3600
*
RTN

Listing for DM15L with LF15C firmware

LBL 88
CLEAR REG
8
STO 10
LBL 80
RCL 0
RCL 10
X=Y?
GTO 84
1
STO+ 0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL 10
STO (i)
LBL 81
1
STO+ 11
RCL 0
STO 9
LBL 82
1
STO- 9
RCL 9
X=0?
GTO 80
RCL 0
STO I
RCL (i)
RCL 9
STO I
RDN
RCL (i)
-
X=0?
GTO 83
ABS
RCL 0
RCL 9
-
X<>Y?
GTO 82
LBL 83
RCL 0
STO I
1
STO- (i)
RCL (i)
X<>0?
GTO 81
1
STO- 0
RCL 0
X<>0?
GTO 83
LBL 84
RCL 11
runTime
RTN

LF15C Memory Dump

Listing for DM15L / HP15C

LBL A
CLR_REG
8
STO .0
LBL 0
RCL 0
RCL .0
TEST 5
GTO 4
1
STO+0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL .0
STO (i)
LBL 1
1
STO+.1
RCL 0
STO 9
LBL 2
1
STO-9
RCL 9
x=0
GTO 0
RCL 0
STO I
RCL (i)
RCL 9
STO I
R_down
RCL (i)
-
x=0
GTO 3
ABS
RCL 0
RCL 9
-
TEST 6
GTO 2
LBL 3
RCL 0
STO I
1
STO-(i)
RCL (i)
TEST 0
GTO 1
1
STO-0
RCL 0
TEST 0
GTO 3
LBL 4
RCL .1
RTN

DM15L Memory Dump

DM15_M1B
00  08000000000000  08000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
04  065140fffff000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00000000999eae
08  00000000000000  22af8d9e7e0080  00000000000000  00000000000000
10  08000000000000  08000000000000  01000000000000  01000000000000
14  f0000000000537  1b2d2d2d2d2d2d  000000000007f7  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  04000000000000
1c  01000000000000  03000000000000  06000000000000  02000000000000
20  07000000000000  05000000000000  00000000000000  08000000000000
24  08760000000002  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
f4  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  b25104137030a0
f8  dff1117086bddf  f19730031276fb  3930b313ecfb86  c4973986973010
fc  ec39a9dff10249  3091dff1019650  973080dff11475  50300060f8a50a
A: 065140fffff000  B: 065140fffffeae  C: 00000000999eae
S: 00000000000000
M: aaaaaaaaaaaaaa  N: 06514000000000  G: 04

Date	Calculator	Serial No.	Firmware	Seconds	Mins : Secs	Comment
12/01/26	DM15L*	21350	LF15C_250408	0.992 seconds	0:0.992	Self-timed with runTime function
14/04/26	DM32	00812	2.11	3.02 seconds	0:03.02	Manual Timed. Battery
14/04/26	DM32	00812	2.11	1.3 seconds	0:01.30	Manual Timed. USB Power
28/01/26	DM42	06434	3.23	7.30 seconds	0:07.30	Battery
14/01/26	DM41X	01266	2.3	49.55 seconds	0:49.55	FAST mode / USB Power
10/01/26	DM41X	01266	2.3	101.29 seconds	1:41.29	FAST mode / battery
23/01/26	DM15L	21350	DM15_M1B_34	202.16 seconds	3:22.16	48MHz, manually timed
10/01/26	DM41L	05121	DM41_34	509.19 seconds	8:29.19	48MHz
11/01/26	DM41L	05121	DM41_34	870.58 seconds	14:30.58	12MHz
10/01/26	DM41X	01266	2.3	1008.60 seconds	16:48.60	SLOW mode / battery

* Running 3rd party firmware https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046.html

Tony's Benchmark

From http://www.thimet.de/CalcCollection/CalcPerformance.html

Code

Listing for the benchmark

LBL A  (For DM41X and DM42 : LBL "AA")
10
STO A  (For DM41X and DM42 : STO 00 )
LBL B
1
+
4.567E-4
-
70
+
69
-
7
x
11
/
RCL A (RCL 00)
1
-
STO A (STO 00)
X≠0?
GTO B
R↓
LOG
SIN
SQRT
SQRT
RTN


LBL C  (For DM41X and DM42 : LBL "TBM")
XEQ A  (XEQ "AA")
RCL C  (RCL 03)
1
-
STO C (STO 03)
X≠0?
GTO C (GTO "TBM")
RTN

For multiple loops store a Loop Count in C (or in Register 03)

(1000 STO C) and then XEQ C

For single loop (slow calculator) simply XEQ A

Result is the time to complete the loop(s) and deliver the answer 0.264577

Performance Index is calculated as

Loops x 34 / Time

For 1000 loops in 13 seconds:

1000 x 34 / 13 = 2615.38

Results

Date	Calculator	Serial No	Loops	Time	Performance Index	Comments	Result
22/11/23	DM42	06434	1000	8 sec	4250	USB Power
22/11/23	DM32	00812	1000	13 sec	2615	f/w : 2.06	0.26457749818
22/11/23	DM42	06434	1000	21 sec	1619	Battery Power	0.26457749818
21/09/24	DM15L *	21350	1000	42.8 sec	794	3rd Party Firmware : LF15C_beta240921	0.26457749817596
21/09/24	DM15L *	21350	100	4.5 sec	756	3rd Party Firmware : LF15C_beta240921	0.26457749817596
22/11/23	DM41X	01266	20	6 sec	113	FAST mode / USB
09/05/24	DM42 *	06434	30	9.6 sec	106	3rd Party Firmware : C47 00.109.01.03a2
22/11/23	DM15L	21350	10	12 sec	28	48MHz	0.264577498
22/11/23	DM41X	01266	10	10 sec	24	FAST mode / Battery	0.264577498
22/11/23	HP35S	PHA9150KFF	5	25 sec	6.8
22/11/23	DM15L	21350	10	54 sec	6.3	12MHz	0.264577498
22/11/23	DM41X	01266	10	118 sec	2.8	SLOW mode/ Battery
22/11/23	HP11C	2219A03710	1	21 sec	1.6

Fingerprinting

Each calculator handles the calculation of functions (SIN, COS etc) differently - different algorithms, different degrees of precision etc.

One way of spotting similar underlying hard/firmware is to carry out a fixed chained calculation on each calculator and to observe the result.

One common test is a sequence of SIN COS TAN ATAN ACOS ASIN on a relatively low starting number - such as 9

9SINCOSTANATANACOSASIN gives a number (hopefully) very close to the starting value of 9 - and the variance from 9 is a fingerprint that can be used to spot similarities between different models.

Calculator	Displayed Result ³⁾	Error (Result - 9)	Firmware
HP11C	9.000417403	4.17403e-4
DM15L	9.000417403	4.17403e-4	DM15_32
DM41X	9.000417403	4.17403e-4	2.1
DM41L	9.000417403	4.17403e-4	DM41_32
HP35S	8.99999986001	-1.3999e-7
DM15L *	8.99999999983416	-1.65842e-10	3rd party LF15C_beta240916 17/09/24
DM42	9.00000000000	-6.2466e-29	DM42 3.22 / Free42 3.0.15
DM32	9.00000000000	-6.2466e-29	2.06

I also found a different version of the same idea at https://tangentsoft.com/rpn/wiki?name=Ballpark+Accuracy#results

Instead of subtracting 9 from the result this test divides the result by 9 and then finds the LOG₁₀ of this fractional error

9SINCOSTANATANACOSASIN 9 / LOG

Here are some of these results

Calculator	Displayed Result	Error=(Result / 9)	Log₁₀(Error)	Comments
DM41X	9.000417403	1.000046378	2.0141242e-05	f/w 2.3
DM41L	9.000417403	1.000046378	2.0141242e-05	f/w DM41_34
DM15L*	8.99999999983416	0.999999999981573	-8.0027125631e-12	3rd Party F/W LF15C_250408
DM42	9.00000000000	1.00000000000	3.01430771055e-30	DM42 3.26 / Free42 3.3.10
DM32	9.00000000000	1.00000000000	3.01430771055e-30	DM32 2.11

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 07:58:36 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 14/04/26 14:35 BST

Further Information

calculator

¹⁾

versus HP9100 : 679

²⁾

versus HP9100 : 40

³⁾

at max. display resolution

CA65 Setup

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←6502 Project

CA65 Setup

Using CA65 in place of VASM

Support Files

firmware.cfg

MEMORY
{
# Zero page
  ZP: start = $00, size = $100, type = rw, define = yes;
  RAM: start = $200, size = $3dff define=yes;
  ROM:       start=$8000, size=$8000, type=ro, define=yes, fill=yes,   fillval=$00, file=%O;
}

SEGMENTS
{
  ZEROPAGE: load = ZP,             type = zp;
  BSS:        load=RAM,       type=bss, define=yes;
  
  CODE:      load=ROM,       type=ro,  define=yes;
  VECTORS:   load=ROM,       type=ro,  define=yes,   offset=$7ffa, optional=yes;
}

cc65.rules.mk

include /home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/tools.mk
 
BUILD_FOLDER=../build
TEMP_FOLDER=$(BUILD_FOLDER)/$(ROM_NAME)
ROM_FILE=$(BUILD_FOLDER)/$(ROM_NAME).bin
MAP_FILE=$(TEMP_FOLDER)/$(ROM_NAME).map
 
ASM_OBJECTS=$(ASM_SOURCES:%.s=$(TEMP_FOLDER)/%.o)
 
# Compile assembler sources
$(TEMP_FOLDER)/%.o: %.s
	@$(MKDIR_BINARY) $(MKDIR_FLAGS) $(TEMP_FOLDER)
	$(CA65_BINARY) $(CA65_FLAGS) -o $@ -l $(@:.o=.lst) $<
 
# Link ROM image
$(ROM_FILE): $(ASM_OBJECTS) $(FIRMWARE_CFG)
	@$(MKDIR_BINARY) $(MKDIR_FLAGS) $(BUILD_FOLDER)
	$(LD65_BINARY) $(LD65_FLAGS) -C $(FIRMWARE_CFG) -o $@ -m $(MAP_FILE) $(ASM_OBJECTS)
 
# Default target
all: $(ROM_FILE)
 
# Build and dump output
test: $(ROM_FILE)
	$(HEXDUMP_BINARY) $(HEXDUMP_FLAGS) $<
	$(MD5_BINARY) $<
 
# Clean build artifacts
clean:
	$(RM_BINARY) -f $(ROM_FILE) \
	$(MAP_FILE) \
	$(ASM_OBJECTS) \
	$(ASM_OBJECTS:%.o=%.lst)

tools.mk

# cc65 utilities used in this example
CA65_BINARY=ca65
CC65_BINARY=cc65
LD65_BINARY=ld65
AR65_BINARY=ar65

VASM_BINARY=vasm6502_oldstyle

CPU_FLAG=--cpu 65C02
ARCH_FLAG=-t none

CC65_FLAGS=$(CPU_FLAG) $(ARCH_FLAG) $(EXTRA_FLAGS) -O
CA65_FLAGS=$(CPU_FLAG) $(EXTRA_FLAGS)
LD65_FLAGS=
AR65_FLAGS=r

VASM_FLAGS=-Fbin -dotdir

# Hexdump is used for "testing" the ROM
HEXDUMP_BINARY=hexdump
HEXDUMP_FLAGS=-C

# Checksum generator
MD5_BINARY=md5sum

# Standard utilities (rm/mkdir)
RM_BINARY=rm
RM_FLAGS=-f
MKDIR_BINARY=mkdir
MKDIR_FLAGS=-p
CP_BINARY=cp
CP_FLAGS=-f

project makefile

CONF_DIR=/home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src

ROM_NAME=monitor_dev

ASM_SOURCES=monitor_dev.s

FIRMWARE_CFG=$(CONF_DIR)/firmware.cfg

include $(CONF_DIR)/cc65.rules.mk

A typical project

monitor_dev.s setup

Put the asm source for the project in a folder (/home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/src/monitor/monitor_dev.s)
Put the makefile in the same folder
put any source files to be included in the assembly process in the includes folder
- /home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/src/includes/rtc.inc
- /home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/src/includes/ioports.inc
make a build main folder /home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/build/

The general tree:

/home/gm4slv/6502/ca65src/ = base folder for ca65 projects aka $CA65SRC

config files : firmware.cfg, cc65.rules.mk, tools.mk are in $(CA65SRC)
sources directory : src is in $(CA65SRC) → $(CA65SRC)/src
inside sources directory are build, includes and the individual project source directories. $(CA65SRC)/src/build/, $(CA65SRC)/src/includes/ and (eg) $(CA65SRC)/src/monitor/
inside each project source directory are the asm source file eg monitor_dev.s and a specific makefile

To include sources from the includes directory first define the variables, then the includes :

Variables

define zeropage variables:

.zeropage
 
DUMP_POINTER:     .res 2
FLAGS:            .res 1
TOGGLE_TIME:      .res 1
CLOCK_LAST:       .res 1
MESSAGE_POINTER:  .res 2
TICKS:            .res 4
CENTISEC:         .res 1
HUNDRED_HRS:      .res 1
TEN_HRS:          .res 1
HRS:              .res 1
TEN_MINUTES:      .res 1
MINUTES:          .res 1
TEN_SECONDS:      .res 1
SECONDS:          .res 1
MEM_POINTER:      .res 2

and define the other .bss variables:

.bss
 
INKEY:            .res 1
ASCII:            .res 4
BYTE:             .res 2
TENS:             .res 1
HUNDREDS:         .res 1
HEX:              .res 2
HEXB:             .res 2
TEMP:             .res 1
TEMP2:            .res 1

Then the includes

  .include "../includes/ioports.inc"
  .include "../includes/lcd.inc"
  .include "../includes/getkey.inc"
  .include "../includes/functions.inc"
  .include "../includes/rtc.inc"

make sure the include files have appropriate .code directive to put it in the right place when its all assembled together:

e.g. in functions.inc:

 .code
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;          convert a binary number from Accumulator, in range 00000000 -> 11111111 ($00 to $FF)
;;          to its HEX number encode as ASCII -  using a simple lookup table and print it on LCD
;;
bintohex:
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  tax
  lda hexascii,x
  jsr print_char
  pla
  and #$0f
  tax
  lda hexascii,x
  jsr print_char
  rts
 
hexascii: .byte "0123456789ABCDEF"

monitor_dev.s source code

monitor_dev.s

 
.localchar '@'
 
;.SEGMENT "ZEROPAGE"
.zeropage
 
DUMP_POINTER:     .res 2
FLAGS:            .res 1
TOGGLE_TIME:      .res 1
CLOCK_LAST:       .res 1
MESSAGE_POINTER:  .res 2
TICKS:            .res 4
CENTISEC:         .res 1
HUNDRED_HRS:      .res 1
TEN_HRS:          .res 1
HRS:              .res 1
TEN_MINUTES:      .res 1
MINUTES:          .res 1
TEN_SECONDS:      .res 1
SECONDS:          .res 1
MEM_POINTER:      .res 2
 
 
;.SEGMENT "BSS"
.bss
 
INKEY:            .res 1
ASCII:            .res 4
BYTE:             .res 2
TENS:             .res 1
HUNDREDS:         .res 1
HEX:              .res 2
HEXB:             .res 2
TEMP:             .res 1
TEMP2:            .res 1
 
.include "../includes/ioports.inc"
.include "../includes/lcd.inc"
.include "../includes/getkey.inc"
.include "../includes/functions.inc"
.include "../includes/rtc.inc"
 
 
.code
 
 
reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs
 
  cli      ; interrupts ON
 
  jsr via_1_init ; set-up VIA_1 for LCD/Keypad 
  jsr lcd_init ; set-up 4-bit mode 
  jsr lcd_start ; set-up various features of lcd 
 
init_variables:
  stz TICKS
  stz TICKS + 1
  stz TICKS + 2
  stz TICKS + 3
  stz DUMP_POINTER
  stz DUMP_POINTER + 1
  stz MESSAGE_POINTER
  stz MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  stz TOGGLE_TIME
  stz CLOCK_LAST
  stz CENTISEC
  stz FLAGS
  stz SECONDS
  stz TEN_SECONDS
  stz MINUTES
  stz HRS
  stz TEN_HRS
  stz TEN_MINUTES
  stz HUNDRED_HRS
  stz TEMP
  stz TEMP2
  stz TENS  
  stz MEM_POINTER
  stz MEM_POINTER + 1
 
 
 
;; test then clear RAM between 
;; $0200 - $3FFF - avoids the ZP and STACK areas
 
ram_clear:
  lda #$02            ; start at $0200
  sta MEM_POINTER + 1
  ldy #$00
loop_ram:
  lda #$AA
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  lda #$FF
  lda (MEM_POINTER),y
  cmp #$AA
  bne mem_fail_1
  lda #$55
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  lda #$FF
  lda (MEM_POINTER),y
  cmp #$55
  bne mem_fail_2
  lda #$00
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  iny
  beq next_page
  jmp loop_ram
next_page:
  lda MEM_POINTER + 1
  inc
  cmp #$40
  beq done_ram
  sta MEM_POINTER + 1
  jmp loop_ram
 
 
done_ram:
 
  lda #<mem_pass_msg
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_pass_msg
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print 
  smb5 FLAGS
  jmp loop
 
mem_fail_1:
  lda #<mem_fail_msg_1
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_fail_msg_1
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  jmp loop
 
mem_fail_2:
  lda #<mem_fail_msg_2
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_fail_msg_2
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  jmp loop
 
 
 
; go straight to MONITOR at startup
;  lda #<splash
;  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
;  lda #>splash
;  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
;  jsr new_address
 
; main loop
loop:
  wai
  jsr check_flags
  jmp loop
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;; FUNCTIONS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;
 
check_flags:
  bbs0 FLAGS, update_block_address
  bbs5 FLAGS, clock_time
  ; check other flags... other actions....
  rts
 
update_block_address:
  sec
  lda TICKS
  sbc TOGGLE_TIME
  cmp #$32
  bcc exit_update_block
  jsr block_address
  lda TICKS
  sta TOGGLE_TIME
 
exit_update_block:
  rts
 
 
clock_time:
 
  sec
  lda TICKS
  sbc CLOCK_LAST
  cmp #$32
  bcc exit_clock
 
  jsr lcd_cursor_off
 
  jsr lcd_home
 
  lda HUNDRED_HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda TEN_HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #':'
  jsr print_char
  lda TEN_MINUTES
  jsr bintoascii
  lda MINUTES
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #':'
  jsr print_char
  lda TEN_SECONDS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda SECONDS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
  lda TICKS
  sta CLOCK_LAST
exit_clock:
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      update screen when new memory location is selected
;;
;;
new_address:
 
  jsr lcd_clear
 
  jsr lcd_cursor_on
 
 
print_address:
  lda #'$'
  jsr print_char
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr bintohex
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  jsr bintohex
 
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
 
print_data:
 
  ldy #$00
 
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr bintohex
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr print_char
 
message_end:
  jsr print   ; add second line (cursor) after re-writing the top line
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; display 8 bytes of data for a "block" of memory
;;
;;
block_address:
 
  jsr lcd_clear
 
  ldy #$00
 
print_block_address:
  lda #'$'
  jsr print_char
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr bintohex
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  jsr bintohex
 
  jsr lcd_line_2
 
print_block:
 
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr bintohex
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  iny
  cpy #$08
  bne print_block
 
 
block_message_end:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; re-draw line 2 cursor
;;
;;
print:
 
  jsr lcd_line_2
 
  ldy #0
line1:
  lda (MESSAGE_POINTER),y
  beq end_print
  jsr print_char
  iny
  jmp line1
 
end_print:
 
  rts
 
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - decrement the selected address 
;;
;;
decrement_address:
 
  sec
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  sbc #$01
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sbc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
dec_ok:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - increment the selected address 
;;
;;
 
increment_address:
 
  clc
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  adc #$01
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  bcc inc_ok
  inc DUMP_POINTER + 1
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
inc_ok:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - increment the selected block of  addresses by 8 
;;
;;
 
increment_block:
  clc
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  adc #$08
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  adc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - decrement the selected block of  addresses by 8 
;;
;;
 
decrement_block:
 
  sec
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  sbc #$08
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sbc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;          use last 4 entered ASCII characters from the keypad and convert 
;;          them to TWO 8-bit binary bytes in RAM
;;
;;
ascii_byte:
 
  lda ASCII + 1
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  clc
  asl
  asl
  asl
  asl
  sta BYTE
 
  lda ASCII
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  ora BYTE
  sta BYTE
 
  lda ASCII + 3
  jsr ascii_bin
  clc
  asl
  asl
  asl
  asl
  sta BYTE + 1
 
  lda ASCII + 2
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  ora BYTE + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    toggle the display/update of Clock on each appropriate keypress
;;
show_clock:
 
  bbs5 FLAGS, reset_bit5
  smb5 FLAGS
  jmp exit_show_clock
 
reset_bit5:
 
  rmb5 FLAGS
 
exit_show_clock:
 
  rts
  ;jmp debounce
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    toggle the automatic update view of the "8-byte memory block"
;;
show_block:
 
  bbs0 FLAGS, reset_bit0
  smb0 FLAGS
  jmp exit_show_block
 
reset_bit0:
 
  rmb0 FLAGS
 
exit_show_block:
 
  rts
  ;jmp debounce
 
;debounce:
;  ldx #$ff
;  ldy #$ff
;delay:
;  nop
;  dex
;  bne delay
;  dey
;  bne delay
;  rts  
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; INTERRUPT HANDLERS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      CB1 : reset & restart timer
;;
 
cb1_handler:
  stz HUNDRED_HRS
  stz TEN_HRS
  stz TEN_MINUTES
  stz TEN_SECONDS
  stz HRS
  stz MINUTES
  stz SECONDS
 
  smb5 FLAGS
 
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;     CB2 : lap-time pause timer
;;
 
cb2_handler:
  jsr show_clock
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;                    MONITOR / KEYPAD 
;;
;;
 
keypad_handler:
 
  jsr get_key     ; READs from PORTA which also re-sets VIA's Interrupt flag
  sta INKEY       ; put the ASCII value of input into RAM ( $00 ) 
 
  lda PORTB_1       ; check for SHIFT/INSTRUCTION button
  and #%10000000
  beq check_keypress ; done this way to get around the limit in size of branch jumps....
  jmp handle_new_char
 
check_keypress:
  lda INKEY       
 
; choose action of "SHIFTed" key-press
check_a:
  cmp #'A'
  ; move up one memory address and display contents
  bne check_b     
  jsr increment_address
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_b:
  cmp #'B'
  ; move down one memory address and display contents
  bne check_c
  jsr decrement_address
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_c:
  cmp #'C'
  ; return to MONITOR
  bne check_d
  rmb5 FLAGS
  jsr lcd_clear
  lda #<splash
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>splash
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
 
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_d:
  cmp #'D'
  ; move monitor to entered 4-digit memory address
  bne check_e
  lda BYTE
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr new_address
  jsr print
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_e:
  cmp #'E'
  ; insert (POKE) byte of data in to current memory address, then increment to next address
  bne check_f
  lda BYTE
  ldy #$00
  sta (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr increment_address
  jsr new_address
  jsr print
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_f:
  cmp #'F'
  ; show 8-byte wide block of memory
  bne check_1
  ldy #$00
  lda BYTE
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_1:
  cmp #'1'
  ; show/auto-update clock
  bne check_3
  jsr lcd_clear
  lda #<emt
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>emt
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  smb5 FLAGS
 
  ;jsr show_clock
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_3:
  cmp #'3'
  bne check_6
  ldy #$00
  jsr increment_block
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_6:
  cmp #'6'
  bne check_9
  ldy #$00
  jsr decrement_block
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_9:
  cmp #'9'
  bne check_4
  jsr show_block
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_4:
  cmp #'4'
  bne check_5
  lda BYTE
  sta HEXB
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta HEXB + 1
  jsr byte_to_hex
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_5:
  cmp #'5'
  bne exit_key_irq
  jsr $3F00
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
 
handle_new_char:
  lda ASCII + 2
  sta ASCII + 3
  lda ASCII + 1
  sta ASCII + 2
  lda ASCII
  sta ASCII + 1
  lda INKEY       ; get the new ASCII keypress value and... 
  sta ASCII
  jsr print_char  ; and print it on LCD
 
  jsr ascii_byte  ; convert the rolling 4-byte ASCII character data into two binary bytes
 
exit_key_irq:
 
 
  jsr scan  ; re-enable keypad
 
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
nmi:
  rti
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    interrupt is triggered by HIGH edge on VIA CA1 pin
;;     PORTA low nibble (keypad columns) inputs are diode ORed to CA1
;;
 
irq:
; put registers on the stack while handling the IRQ
  pha
  phx
  phy
 
;  find responsible hardware
 
;  Is it VIA_1?
 
  lda IFR_1   ; if IFR_1 has Bit7 set (ie sign=NEGATIVE) then it IS the source of the interrupt
  bpl next_device ; if it's not set (ie sign=POSITIVE) then branch to test the next possible device
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; IFR Flags
;; B7  B6  B5  B4  B3  B2  B1  B0
;; IRQ TI1 TI2 CB1 CB2 SR CA1 CA2
;;
;; Interrupt source is found by sequentially shifting IFR bit left to put bit-of-interest into the CARRY place
;; and then branching based on whether CARRY is SET or not
;;
;; Only add tests for IRQ sources in use, and adjust the ASLs in each test as necessary
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
test_timer1:
  asl           ; shift IFR left twice puts the TI1 bit into CARRY....
  asl
  bcc test_cb1  ; carry clear = next test
  bit T1CL_1      ; clear not clear = handle the TIMER interrupt
  jsr rtc
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_cb1:
  asl
  asl
  bcc test_cb2
  bit PORTB_1
  jsr cb1_handler
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_cb2:
  asl
  bcc test_ca1
  bit PORTB_1
  jsr cb2_handler
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_ca1:
  asl           ; shift CA1 bit into the CARRY bit & test
  asl
  bcc exit_irq        ; carry clear = leave
  jsr keypad_handler  ; carry not clear = handle the CA1 interrupt (keypad)
  jmp exit_irq
 
 
next_device:
 
exit_irq:
  ply
  plx
  pla
 
 
  rti
 
emt: .asciiz "hhh mm ss  MET"
splash: .asciiz "cmon> "
error_message: .asciiz "Not Decimal"
mem_pass_msg: .asciiz "RAM Test Pass"
mem_fail_msg_1: .asciiz "RAM Test 1 Fail"
mem_fail_msg_2: .asciiz "RAM Test 2 Fail"
 
; Reset/IRQ vectors
 
.segment "VECTORS"
 
 
  .word nmi
  .word reset
  .word irq

ioports.inc

  .code
 
; VIA_1 Port addresses
VIA_1     = $6000
PORTB_1   = VIA_1
PORTA_1   = VIA_1 + 1
DDRB_1    = VIA_1 + 2
DDRA_1    = VIA_1 + 3
T1CL_1    = VIA_1 + 4
T1CH_1    = VIA_1 + 5
T1LL_1    = VIA_1 + 6
T1LH_1    = VIA_1 + 7
T2CL_1    = VIA_1 + 8
T2CH_1    = VIA_1 + 9
SR_1      = VIA_1 + 10
ACR_1     = VIA_1 + 11
PCR_1     = VIA_1 + 12
IFR_1     = VIA_1 + 13
IER_1     = VIA_1 + 14
PORTA_NO_HS_1 = VIA_1 + 15
 
; VIA_2 Port addresses
VIA_2     = $5000
PORTB_2   = VIA_2
PORTA_2   = VIA_2 + 1
DDRB_2    = VIA_2 + 2
DDRA_2    = VIA_2 + 3
T1CL_2    = VIA_2 + 4
T1CH_2    = VIA_2 + 5
T1LL_2    = VIA_2 + 6
T1LH_2    = VIA_2 + 7
T2CL_2    = VIA_2 + 8
T2CH_2    = VIA_2 + 9
SR_2      = VIA_2 + 10
ACR_2     = VIA_2 + 11
PCR_2     = VIA_2 + 12
IFR_2     = VIA_2 + 13
IER_2     = VIA_2 + 14
PORTA_NO_HS_2 = VIA_2 + 15
 
; VIA_3 Port addresses
VIA_3     = $4800
PORTB_3   = VIA_3
PORTA_3   = VIA_3 + 1
DDRB_3    = VIA_3 + 2
DDRA_3    = VIA_3 + 3
T1CL_3    = VIA_3 + 4
T1CH_3    = VIA_3 + 5
T1LL_3    = VIA_3 + 6
T1LH_3    = VIA_3 + 7
T2CL_3    = VIA_3 + 8
T2CH_3    = VIA_3 + 9
SR_3      = VIA_3 + 10
ACR_3     = VIA_3 + 11
PCR_3     = VIA_3 + 12
IFR_3     = VIA_3 + 13
IER_3     = VIA_3 + 14
PORTA_NO_HS_3 = VIA_3 + 15
 
; ACIA_1 Port Addresses
ACIA_1    = $4400
S_TXRX_1  = ACIA_1      ; TXD / RXD
S_STA_1   = ACIA_1 + 1  ; Status
S_COM_1   = ACIA_1 + 2  ; Command
S_CON_1   = ACIA_1 + 3  ; Control
 
 
via_1_init:
 
  lda #%01000000
  sta ACR_1
  lda #$0E
  sta T1CL_1
  lda #$27
  sta T1CH_1
 
  lda #%11011010  ; T1, CA1 active
  sta IER_1
 
  lda #$01  ;  CA1 active high-transition 
  sta PCR_1
 
  lda #%01111111 ; Set all pins on port B to output except BIT 7 which is used for "SHIFT/INSTRUCTION"  button
  sta DDRB_1
  lda #%11110000 ; Set low-nibble pins on port A to input and high-nibble pins to output, for keypad
  sta DDRA_1
 
  rts

lcd.inc

 
 
  .code
 
; LCD Command masks
E  = %01000000
RW = %00100000
RS = %00010000
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;
;;                              LCD Functions 
;;
;;
;;
 
lcd_start:
  lda #%00101000 ; Set 4-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font
  jsr lcd_instruction
  jsr lcd_entry_mode
  jsr lcd_cursor_off
  jsr lcd_clear
  rts
 
lcd_entry_mode:
  lda #%00000110 ; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_home:
  lda #%00000010 ; cursor HOME
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_clear:
  lda #%00000001 ; Clear display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_cursor_off:
  lda #%00001100 ; Display on; cursor off; blink off
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_cursor_on:
  lda #%00001111 ; Display on; cursor on; blink on
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_line_2:
  lda #%10101001
  jsr lcd_instruction
  rts
 
lcd_wait:
  pha
  lda #%01110000  ; LCD data is input (don't change MSB BIT7, it has to stay ZERO for SHIFT Button input)
  sta DDRB_1
lcdbusy:
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB_1
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTB_1
  lda PORTB_1     ; Read high nibble
  pha             ; and put on stack since it has the busy flag
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB_1
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTB_1
  lda PORTB_1       ; Read low nibble
  pla             ; Get high nibble off stack
  and #%00001000
  bne lcdbusy
 
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB_1
  lda #%01111111  ; LCD data is output (don't change MSB BIT7, it has to stay ZERO for SHIFT Buttion input)
  sta DDRB_1
  pla
  rts
 
lcd_init:
  lda #%00000010 ; Set 4-bit mode : DO ONCE AT POWER UP
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E
  sta PORTB_1
  and #%00001111
  sta PORTB_1
  rts
 
lcd_instruction:
  jsr lcd_wait
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr            ; Send high 4 bits
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB_1
  eor #E         ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB_1
  pla
  and #%00001111 ; Send low 4 bits
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB_1
  eor #E         ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB_1
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;   
;;        PRINT Characters on LCD - an ASCII value in Accumulator 
;;        is printed on the display
;;
 
print_char:
  jsr lcd_wait
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr             ; Send high 4 bits
  ora #RS         ; Set RS
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E          ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB_1
  eor #E          ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB_1
  pla
  and #%00001111  ; Send low 4 bits
  ora #RS         ; Set RS
  sta PORTB_1
  ora #E          ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB_1
  eor #E          ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB_1
  rts

getkey.inc

 
  .code
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;
;;      READ THE 4x4 keypad using  VIA_1 PORTA 
;;
;;      Accumulator holds the ASCII value of the pressed key when it returns
;;
 
get_key:
readKeypad:
  ldx #$04        ; Row 4 - counting down
  ldy #%10000000  ;
ScanRow:
  sty PORTA_1
  lda PORTA_1
  and #%00001111  ; mask off keypad input - only low 4 (keypad column) bits are read
  cmp #$00
  bne Row_Found   ; non-zero means a row output has been connected via a switch to a column input
  dex             ; zero means it hasn't been found, so check next row down
  tya
  lsr
  tay
  cmp #%00001000
  bne ScanRow
  lda #$ff
  rts
Row_Found:
  stx TEMP ; store row
  ldy #$ff
FindCol:
  iny
  lsr
  bcc FindCol
  tya
  asl
  asl  ; col * 4
  clc
  adc TEMP ; add row 
  tax
  lda keypad_array,x
  rts
 
 
keypad_array: .byte "?DCBAF9630852E741"
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;  set ROW keypad outputs high as a source for triggering interrupt when a key is pressed
;;
;;
scan:
  ldy #%11110000
  sty PORTA_1
  rts

functions.inc

 
;.zeropage
;MESSAGE_POINTER = $20
;
;  .org $8000
  .code
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;          convert a binary number from Accumulator, in range 00000000 -> 11111111 ($00 to $FF)
;;          to its HEX number encode as ASCII -  using a simple lookup table and print it on LCD
;;
bintohex:
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  tax
  lda hexascii,x
  jsr print_char
  pla
  and #$0f
  tax
  lda hexascii,x
  jsr print_char
  rts
 
hexascii: .byte "0123456789ABCDEF"
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    convert a binary (hex) value in Accumulator into
;;    its ASCII equivalent character in decimal 0-99 and print it
;;    this converts hex/binary numbers from the RTC into human readable
;;    decimal for display on clock
 
 
bintoascii:
 
  cmp #10
  bmi single_figure
  asl
  tax
  lda binascii,x
  jsr print_char
 
  inx
 
  lda binascii,x
  jsr print_char
  rts
 
single_figure:
  asl
  tax
  inx
  lda binascii,x
  jsr print_char
  rts
 
 
binascii: .byte "00010203040506070809"
          .byte "10111213141516171819"
          .byte "20212223242526272829"
          .byte "30313233343536373839"
          .byte "40414243444546474849"
          .byte "50515253545556575859"
          .byte "60616263646566676869"
          .byte "70717273747576777879"
          .byte "80818283848586878889"
          .byte "90919293949596979899"
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Convert a decimal number entered at keypad into its
;;      HEX equivalent and display
;;
 
byte_to_hex:
 
  jsr lcd_clear
  lda HEXB + 1
  and #$0f
  jsr bintohex
  lda HEXB
  jsr bintohex
  lda #'d'
  jsr print_char
  lda #'='
  jsr print_char
  lda #'$'
  jsr print_char
 
  lda HEXB ; lo byte
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  cmp #10
  bpl error
  jsr mult10
  sta TENS
  pla
  and #%00001111 ; UNITS
  cmp #10
  bpl print_error
;  jsr mult10
  clc
  adc TENS
  sta HEX
 
  lda HEXB + 1 ; hi byte
  and #%00001111
  cmp #10
  bpl print_error
  jsr mult10
  jsr mult10 ; hundreds
  adc HEX
 
  jsr bintohex
  jmp exit_byte_to_hex
 
error:
  pla
print_error:
  lda #<error_message
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>error_message
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  ;jsr lcd_cursor_off
  rts
 
exit_byte_to_hex:
  jsr lcd_line_2
 
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;  (A * 8) + (A * 2) = A * 10 
 
mult10:
  pha
  asl
  asl
  asl
  sta TEMP2 ; A*8
  pla
  asl      ; A*2
  adc TEMP2 ; A*10
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; Convert the encoded ASCII character representing a hex digit to its actual binary value.
;;
;; e.g. Letter "A" in ASCII is $41 (0100001) but its "numerical" value as a hex digit is 
;; 10 ($0A = 10d = %00001010). 
;; 
;; We convert "A" in ASCII ($41) to a byte of numerical value 10 by subtracting $37
;; $41 - $37 = $0A (in decimal 65 - 55 = 10) and the result is a byte 00001010
;; The same is done for all characters representing upper case letters.
;;
;; Numbers are handled differently according to their place on the ASCII table.
;;
;; The ASCII representation of "9" is $39 (00111001) and to get a byte with a value of 9 we can simply
;; AND it with a mask of 00001111 to save only the lower 4 bits.
;;
 
ascii_bin:
  clc
  cmp #$41
  bmi ascii_bin_num   ; a CMP with $41, from a number character ($30 - $39), will set the negative flag
                      ; and the conversion is done by ANDing with $0F
 
ascii_bin_letter:    ; otherwise treat as a letter (A -> F) and the conversion is done by
  clc                ; subtracting $37
  sec
  sbc #$37
  jmp end_ascii_bin
 
ascii_bin_num:
  and #%00001111
 
end_ascii_bin:      ; Accumulator holds the numerical version of the ASCII character supplied
  rts

rtc.inc

 
 
 
 
  .code
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;                          RTC / Jiffy Tick
;;
 
 
 
rtc:
 
 
;;  RTC stores ticks at 10ms intervals into a 4-byte (32 bit) value
;;
;;  as each byte rolls over the next one is incremented
;;  on a tick that doesn't roll over the TIME OF DAY 
;;  is updated
 
  inc TICKS
  bne inc_MET
  inc TICKS + 1
  bne inc_MET
  inc TICKS + 2
  bne inc_MET
  inc TICKS + 3
 
;;
;;  Every time it's called we increment the "hundredths of a second" byte
;;
;;  When there's been 100 x 10ms (i.e. 1 second) we increment the seconds
;;
;;  When SECONDS reaches 60 we increment MINUTES and reset SECONDS to zero...
;;  etc... for HOURS, DAYS etc.
;;
;;  days/months years are handled too - although probably moot
;;
;;  this routine comes from http://wilsonminesco.com/6502interrupts/#2.1
;;
inc_MET:
  inc CENTISEC
  lda CENTISEC
  cmp #100
  bmi end_MET
  stz CENTISEC
 
  inc SECONDS
  lda SECONDS
  cmp #10
  bmi end_MET
  stz SECONDS
  inc TEN_SECONDS
 
  lda TEN_SECONDS
  cmp #6
  bmi end_MET
  stz TEN_SECONDS
 
  inc MINUTES
  lda MINUTES
  cmp #10
  bmi end_MET
  stz MINUTES
 
  inc TEN_MINUTES
  lda TEN_MINUTES
  cmp #6
  bmi end_MET
  stz TEN_MINUTES
 
  inc HRS
  lda HRS
  cmp #10
  bmi end_MET
  stz HRS
 
  inc TEN_HRS
  lda TEN_HRS
  cmp #10
  bmi end_MET
  stz TEN_HRS
 
  inc HUNDRED_HRS
 
end_MET:
  rts

— John Pumford-Green 05/09/22 14:23

Further Information

I3 Window Manager

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

I3 Window Manager

Various Things related to I3

Background & Conky

Some tiled windows

Floating scratchpad terminal with ranger file manager

Floating scratchpad terminal with Alpine email client

I3 Config and tweaks

Autotile

Make new windows be created in alternating horizontal / vertical arrangement, depending on aspect ratio of the current window.

https://github.com/nwg-piotr/autotiling

I3 Config File

config

# This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1).
# It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like.
#
# Should you change your keyboard layout some time, delete
# this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1).
#
 
 
 
# i3 config file (v4)
#
# Please see https://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference!
 
set $mod Mod4
 
# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
# is used in the bar {} block below.
#font pango:monospace 8
 
# This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
# text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
font pango:DejaVu Sans 10
 
 
default_border normal 3
hide_edge_borders none
binding_mode_indicator yes
 
#set $bg-color #2f446f
#set $inactive-bg-color #2f343f
#set $text-color #ffb25a
#set $inactive-text_color #676e7d
#set $urgent-bg-color #bd2c40
 
#client.focused $bg-color $bg-color $text-color #2255ff
#client.unfocused $inactive-bg-color $bg-color $text-color #225ff
#client.focused_inactive $inactive-bg-color $inactive-bg-color $inactive-text-color #2255ff
#client.urgent $urgent-bg-color $urgent-bg-color $text_color #2255ff
 
workspace_auto_back_and_forth yes
 
# The combination of xss-lock, nm-applet and pactl is a popular choice, so
# they are included here as an example. Modify as you see fit.
 
# xss-lock grabs a logind suspend inhibit lock and will use i3lock to lock the
# screen before suspend. Use loginctl lock-session to lock your screen.
#exec --no-startup-id xss-lock --transfer-sleep-lock -- i3lock --nofork
 
# NetworkManager is the most popular way to manage wireless networks on Linux,
# and nm-applet is a desktop environment-independent system tray GUI for it.
#exec --no-startup-id nm-applet
 
exec --no-startup-id synclient tapbutton1=-1
exec --no-startup-id /home/gm4slv/noblank.sh
exec --no-startup-id conky
exec --no-startup-id xsetroot -solid midnightblue
 
 
exec --no-startup-id ~/background.sh
 
#exec --no-startup-id polybar example
 
exec_always --no-startup-id autotile
#exec_always --no-startup-id ~/autosplit
 
bindsym $mod+p exec --no-startup-id ~/promote-window
 
# Use pactl to adjust volume in PulseAudio.
set $refresh_i3status killall -SIGUSR1 i3status
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
#bindsym XF86AudioMicMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
 
#bindsym XF86AudioMute exec amixer sset 'Master' toggle
#bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec amixer sset 'Master' 5%-
#bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec amixer sset 'Master' 5%+
 
 
# Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
floating_modifier $mod
 
# start a terminal
#bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal
bindsym $mod+Return exec lxterminal
 
# kill focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill
 
# start dmenu (a program launcher)
bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id dmenu_run
# A more modern dmenu replacement is rofi:
# bindcode $mod+40 exec "rofi -modi drun,run -show drun"
# There also is i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications shipping a
# .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that installed.
# bindcode $mod+40 exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop
 
# change focus
bindsym $mod+h focus left
bindsym $mod+j focus down
bindsym $mod+k focus up
bindsym $mod+l focus right
 
# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Left focus left
bindsym $mod+Down focus down
bindsym $mod+Up focus up
bindsym $mod+Right focus right
 
# move focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+h move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+j move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+k move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+l move right
 
# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right
 
# split in horizontal orientation
#bindsym $mod+h split h
 
# split in vertical orientation
#bindsym $mod+v split v
 
# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle
 
# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split
 
# toggle tiling / floating
bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle
 
# change focus between tiling / floating windows
bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle
 
# focus the parent container
bindsym $mod+a focus parent
 
# focus the child container
#bindsym $mod+d focus child
 
# Define names for default workspaces for which we configure key bindings later on.
# We use variables to avoid repeating the names in multiple places.
set $ws1 "1"
set $ws2 "2"
set $ws3 "3"
set $ws4 "4"
set $ws5 "5"
set $ws6 "6"
set $ws7 "7"
set $ws8 "8"
set $ws9 "9"
set $ws10 "10"
 
# switch to workspace
bindsym $mod+1 workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+2 workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+3 workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+4 workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+5 workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+6 workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+7 workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+8 workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+9 workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+0 workspace number $ws10
 
# move focused container to workspace
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number $ws10
 
# reload the configuration file
bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
# restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
bindsym $mod+Shift+x exec i3lock
# exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -B 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"
 
 
 
##############################
#
#  Program Shortcuts
#
##############################
 
# "b" for "browser"
bindsym $mod+b exec --no-startup-id firefox
 
 
##############################
#
#  SCRATCHPAD
#
#
###############################
 
set $scratchpad-size 1000 700
 
bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show
 
bindsym $mod+m [title="AlpineMail"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+n [title="NewsboatReader"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+comma [title="RangerFM"] scratchpad show ; move position center
bindsym $mod+period [title="Connman"] scratchpad show ; move position center
 
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T AlpineMail -e ~/rpine 
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T NewsboatReader -e /usr/bin/newsboat
exec --no-startup-id lxterminal -T RangerFM -e ranger
exec --no-startup-id cmst -M
 
for_window [title="Connman System Tray"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad
for_window [title="AlpineMail"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad
for_window [title="NewsboatReader"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad 
for_window [title="RangerFM"] floating enable, resize set $scratchpad-size, move scratchpad 
 
 
################################################
#
#
#
 
 
# resize window (you can also use the mouse for that)
mode "resize" {
        # These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode
 
        # Pressing left will shrink the window’s width.
        # Pressing right will grow the window’s width.
        # Pressing up will shrink the window’s height.
        # Pressing down will grow the window’s height.
        bindsym j resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym k resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym l resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym semicolon resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt
 
        # same bindings, but for the arrow keys
        bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt
 
        # back to normal: Enter or Escape or $mod+r
        bindsym Return mode "default"
        bindsym Caps_Lock mode "default"
        bindsym $mod+r mode "default"
}
 
bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"
 
 
 
# Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
# finds out, if available)
bar {
     font pango:DejaVu Sans mono 10
     status_command i3status -c ~/i3status.conf
}

i3status bar

i3status.conf

# i3status configuration file.
# see "man i3status" for documentation.
 
# It is important that this file is edited as UTF-8.
# The following line should contain a sharp s:
# ß
# If the above line is not correctly displayed, fix your editor first!
 
general {
        colors = true
        interval = 5
}
 
#order += "ipv6"
order += "wireless _first_"
order += "ethernet _first_"
order += "battery 0"
#order += "disk /"
order += "load"
order += "cpu_usage"
order += "cpu_temperature 0"
#order += "memory"
order += "tztime local"
 
wireless _first_ {
        format_up = "W: (%quality at %essid) %ip"
        format_down = "W: down"
}
 
ethernet _first_ {
        format_up = "E: %ip (%speed)"
        format_down = "E: down"
}
 
battery 0 {
	status_chr = "⚡"
        status_bat = "🔋"
        status_unk = "? "
        status_full = "☻ "
	low_threshold = 10
        format = "B: %status %percentage %remaining"
}
 
 
 
disk "/" {
        format = "%avail"
}
 
load {
        format = "L: %1min"
}
 
cpu_temperature 0 {
	format = "T: %degrees°C"
}
 
cpu_usage {
	format = "CPU0 %cpu0 / CPU1 %cpu1"
}
 
memory {
	memory_used_method = "classical"
        format = "%free / %used"
	threshold_degraded = "2G"
        format_degraded = "MEMORY < %available"
}
 
tztime local {
        format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
}

Conky

.conkyrc

# Standard antiX .conkyrc file
# For conky editing help and commands visit = Casey's Conky Reference with Examples {http://www.ifxgroup.net/conky.htm}
 
# set to yes if you want Conky to be forked in the background
background yes
 
short_units yes
 
cpu_avg_samples 1
net_avg_samples 1
 
out_to_console no
 
# X font when Xft is disabled, you can pick one with program xfontsel
#font 7x12
#font 6x10
#font 7x13
font 8x12
#font 7x12
 
# Use Xft?
use_xft yes
 
# Xft font when Xft is enabled
#xftfont gentium:size=12
#ftfont DejaVu Sans:size=10
xftfont DejaVu Sans:bold:size=9
#xftfont DejaVu Sans:size=9
 
# Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus, pcmanfm and rox desktops)
own_window yes
own_window_class Conky
own_window_transparent yes
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar
own_window_type override
 
# Text alpha when using Xft
xftalpha 1.0
 
#on_bottom no
 
# Update interval in seconds
update_interval 1
 
# Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone)
double_buffer yes
 
# Minimum size of text area
minimum_size 55
maximum_width 190
 
# Draw shades?
draw_shades no
 
# Draw outlines?
draw_outline no
 
# Draw borders around text
draw_borders no
 
# Stippled borders?
stippled_borders 0
 
# border margins
#border_margin 10
 
# border width
border_width 2
 
# Default colors and also border colors
default_color white
default_shade_color white
default_outline_color white
 
#color ffffff
color4 yellow
color8 77ccff
color9 5599cc
 
# Text alignment, other possible values are commented
# alignment top_left
alignment top_right
#alignment bottom_left
#alignment bottom_right
 
# Gap between borders of screen and text
 
gap_x 20
gap_y 40
 
# Add spaces to keep things from moving about?  This only affects certain objects.
use_spacer right
 
# Subtract file system buffers from used memory?
no_buffers yes
 
# if_up_strictness link:  up | link | address
if_up_strictness address
 
# set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase
uppercase no
 
TEXT
${alignc}$nodename
${alignc}${color8}${font DejaVu Sans:size=12}${time %H:%M} ${font} ${color}
${alignc}${time %a %d %b}
${alignc}Uptime: $uptime
#${alignc}${exec disp=${DISPLAY#:}; disp=${disp%.[0-9]}; cat $HOME/.desktop-session/desktop-code.$disp 2>/dev/null}
#res:${alignr}${execi 60 xdpyinfo | sed -n -r "s/^\s*dimensions:.*\s([0-9]+x[0-9]+).*/\1/p"}
#dpi:${alignr}${execi 60 sed -nr "s/^\s*Xft.dpi:\s*([0-9]+(x[0-9]+)?).*/\1/p" $HOME/.Xresources | grep "[0-9]" || echo 96}
#Automount: ${alignr}${execi 60 grep -q "^automount=TRUE" $HOME/.desktop-session/automount.conf 2>/dev/null && echo "enabled" || echo "disabled"}
Freq:${alignr}${freq}
CPU:${alignr}${cpu}%
#${color}Init:${alignr}${color3}${execi 60 detect-init.sh}
${alignr}${cpugraph cpu0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
Disk:${alignr}${diskio}
${alignr}${diskiograph 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${if_up eth0}
eth0 up: $alignr ${upspeed eth0}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   eth0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
eth0 down: $alignr ${downspeed eth0}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth0 30,170  5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up eth1}
eth1 up: $alignr ${upspeed eth1}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   eth1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
eth1 down: $alignr ${downspeed eth1}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth1 30,170  5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up wlan0}
 
Wireless 
IP  $alignr ${addr wlan0}
Gate $alignr  $gw_ip
NS $alignr $nameserver
 
wlan0 up: $alignr ${upspeed wlan0}
${alignr}${upspeedgraph   wlan0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
wlan0 down: $alignr ${downspeed wlan0}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph wlan0 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${endif}${if_up wlan1}
wlan1 up: $alignr ${upspeed wlan1}
${alignr} ${upspeedgraph   wlan1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}
wlan1 down: $alignr ${downspeed wlan1}
${alignr}${downspeedgraph wlan1 30,170 5599cc 5599cc}${endif}
${alignr}${color8}Used / Total ${color}
RAM:${alignr}$mem / $memmax
Swap:${alignr}$swap / $swapmax
/ Disk:${alignr}${fs_used /} / ${fs_size /}
#${alignc}${execi 1000 persist-enabled}
 
${font DejaVu Sans Mono:size=10}${execi 30 ~/ruptime}

Gather ruptime information about local LAN Linux boxes from the rwhod service and format it with a small script ~/ruptime called from conkyrc

${font DejaVu Sans Mono:size=10}${execi 30 ~/ruptime}

ruptime local script

#!/bin/bash
 
/usr/bin/ruptime -a | cut -c1-8,13-16,18-27

Real ruptime returns:

gm4slv@antix1:~ $ ruptime 
antix1        up    1+04:34,     0 users,  load 0.63, 0.48, 0.47
aprs          up  116+04:03,     0 users,  load 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
laptop        up    9+16:04,     0 users,  load 1.27, 1.09, 1.04
nas1          up  185+23:19,     0 users,  load 0.33, 0.48, 0.47
shack         up      16:19,     0 users,  load 0.16, 0.22, 0.21

My small script formats it for conky

gm4slv@antix1:~ $ ./ruptime 
antix1    up   1+04:34
aprs      up 116+04:03
laptop    up   9+16:04
nas1      up 185+23:19
shack     up     16:19

add neofetch output as image to root window

background.sh

#!/bin/bash



while :
do
	
	neofetch --disable term > fetch

	ansilove -q -m transparent fetch

	feh --bg-center -B midnightblue fetch.png

	sleep 300

done

Keys cheatsheet

$mod+p = promote window

$mod+Return = terminal

$mod+Shift+q = kill window

$mod+d = dmenu

$mod+h = focus left
$mod+j = focus down
$mod+k = focus up
$mod+l = focus right


$mod+Shift+h = move left
$mod+Shift+j = move down
$mod+Shift+k = move up
$mod+Shift+l = move right


$mod+f = fullsreen toggle


=== When using Autotile these are for the next window to be created ====

$mod+s = stacking
$mod+w = tabbed
$mod+e = toggle h or v

=== Toggle a window between tiled and floating ===

$mod+Shift+space = floating toggle

=== Switch focus between a floating window and the tiled window(s)

$mod+space focus mode_toggle


$mod+a = focus parent

Additional Software

urxvt

Configured vi ~/.Xdefaults

For Ranger icons use DejavuSansMono NFM:size=11:style=Book

A bug makes font rendering odd, with too much space between characters (kerning is wrong)

A fix is to put Xft.rgba: none into ~/.Xdefaults

Another fix is to put URxvt.letterSpace=-1 into ~/.Xdefaults

Here's the ~/.Xdefaults I use:

Some un-used lines are commented out, but might be useful in testing….

Xft.rgba: none
#Xft.hintstyle: hintfull
#URxvt.letterSpace:-1
 
Xcursor.size:10
#URxvt.skipBuiltinGlyphs: true
URxvt.scrollBar: false
URxvt.boldFont: 
#URxvt.font: xft:DejaVuSansMono:style=Book:size=11
#URxvt.font: xft:Monospace:size=11, xft:DejaVuSansMono NFM:style=Book
URxvt.font: xft:DejaVuSansMono NFM:size=11:style=Book

Ranger

Image Previews: /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :

set preview_images true

set preview_images_method w3m

Draw borders round segments of display /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :
```
set draw_borders both
```
Icons following instructions here: https://github.com/alexanderjeurissen/ranger_devicons
- /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf :
```
default_linemode devicons
```
Font for icons : https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v2.2.2/DejaVuSansMono.zip
- unzipped into : ~/.fonts
- font cache re-built with
```
fc-cache -fv
```
Use Lxterminal - handles icons and image previews (st is poor for image previews)
commands for exracting and creating compressed archives (zip, tar, tar.gz etc) from here https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ranger#Archives
- added both python snippets to /etc/ranger/config/commands.py
- added keybindings to /etc/ranger/config/rc.conf
```
 
map ,n console compress 
map ,m compress temp.zip
map ,e console extract_here 
```
- extract a zip/tar/tar.gz by the keystroke ,e
- create an automatically named temp.zip archive by selecting the files (Space) and then ,m
- create a named archive of your choice ,n your_archive_name.[tar|zip|tar.gz]

<insert> : touch (new file)

gg   : move to top
G    : move to bottom

<F1> : help
<F2> : rename
<F3> : view (less)
<F4> : edit (vim) 
<F5> : copy
<F6> : cut
<F7> : mkdir
<F8> : delete
<F10>: quit


<space> : select
uv : un-select

yy : yank (copy)
dd : cut

ud : un-cut
uy : un-cut(yank)

pp : paste


gh : GoHome
zh : show hidden dotfiles

Archive operation commands
,n : new named archive 
,m : new "temp.zip"
,e : extract_here

— John Pumford-Green 09/10/22 12:38

Further Information

GM4SLV Allstar 2025

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:47:10 +0000

←AllStar Linking

GM4SLV Allstar 2025

New explorations into Allstar and Bridging

This was an initial experiment, I've used what I learned to set up a bigger system (still under development) and described here : Explorations

Hardware

Platform	Rapsberry Pi
Interface	CM108 Soundcard - modified
Radio	FT-1500M
Frequency	144.9125MHz
Allstar Node	48148
Dashboards	http://gm4slv.plus.com:42110/

DVSwitch Bridging

To investigate the bridging of Allstar analogue nodes and DMR I installed DVSwitch on the Allstar node.

Instructions here: ASL to DMR Bridge

The first part is easy, modifying a working Allstar node to add the private node and the USRP channel driver that will be used for the connection to the bridging.

My configs

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf before bridging added

; Radio Repeater configuration file (for use with app_rpt)
; Your Repeater
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;
; This is where you define your nodes which can be connected to.
;
 
[nodes]
; Note, if you are using automatic update for allstar link nodes,
; no allstar link nodes should be defined here. Only place a definition
; for your local nodes, and private (off of allstar link) nodes here.
 
;481480 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/481480,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
48148 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/48148,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
                                        ; and iax port number if not the default
 
;[481480]					; Change this to your assigned node number
[48148]					; Change this to your assigned node number
 
                                        ; Must also be enabled in modules.conf
					; Rx audio/signalling channel. Choose ONLY 1 per node stanza
 
					; Enable the selected channel driver in modules.conf !!!
;rxchannel = dahdi/pseudo	        ; No radio (hub)
rxchannel = SimpleUSB/usb_48148	; SimpleUSB
; rxchannel = Pi/1                      ; Raspberry Pi PiTA
; rxchannel = Radio/usb_48148		; USBRadio (DSP)
; rxchannel = Dahdi/1			; PCI Quad card
; rxchannel = Beagle/1			; BeagleBoard
; rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:32001; GNU Radio interface USRP
; rxchannel = Voter/48148                ; RTCM device
 
 
duplex = 1                              ; 0 = Half duplex with no telemetry tones or hang time.
                                        ;     Special Case: Full duplex if linktolink is set to yes.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing with an external multiport repeater controller.
					;     Comment out idrecording and idtalkover to suppress IDs also
                                        ; 1 = Half duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Does not repeat audio.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a simplex node.
                                        ; 2 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a repeater.
                                        ; 3 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time, but no repeated audio.
                                        ; 4 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Repeated audio only when the autopatch is down.
 
linktolink = no				; disables forcing physical half-duplex operation of main repeater while
					; still keeping half-duplex semantics (optional)
 
linkmongain = 0				; Link Monitor Gain adjusts the audio level of monitored nodes when a signal from another node or the local receiver is received.
					; If linkmongain is set to a negative number the monitored audio will decrease by the set amount in db.
					; If linkmongain set to a positive number monitored audio will increase by the set amount in db.
					; The value of linkmongain is in db. The default value is 0 db.
 
erxgain = -3				; Echolink receive gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
etxgain = 3				; Echolink transmit gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
eannmode = 2                           ; 1 = Say only node number on echolink connects (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = say phonetic call sign only on echolink connects
                                        ; 3 = say phonetic call sign and node number on echolink connects
 
;controlstates = controlstates		; system control state stanza
 
scheduler = schedule			; scheduler stanza
functions = functions			; Repeater Function stanza
phone_functions = functions		; Phone Function stanza
link_functions = functions		; Link Function stanza
 
telemetry = telemetry			; Telemetry stanza
morse = morse				; Morse stanza
wait_times = wait-times			; Wait times stanza
 
context = radio				; dialing context for phone
callerid = "Repeater" <0000000000>	; callerid for phone calls
accountcode = RADIO                     ; account code (optional)
 
hangtime = 200				; squelch tail hang time (in ms) (optional, default 5 seconds, 5000 ms)
althangtime = 300			; longer squelch tail
totime = 300000				; 5 mins (12/4/22) transmit time-out time (in ms) (optional, default 3 minutes 180000 ms)
 
telemnomdb = -3				;
telemduckdb = -10			;
 
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/gm4slv_id
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/mb7aze_id
idrecording = |iGM4SLV				; Main ID message
 
;idtalkover = |iGM4SLV				; Talkover ID message
idtalkover = |iGM4SLV				; Talkover ID message
					; See Telemetry section Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
idtime = 900000				; 15 mins (12/4/22) id interval time (in ms) (optional) Default 5 minutes (300000 ms)
politeid = 30000			; time in milliseconds before ID timer expires to try and ID in the tail. (optional, default 30000)
 
unlinkedct = ct12			; Send a this courtesy tone when the user unkeys if the node is not connected to any other nodes. (optional, default is none)
remotect = ct3				; remote linked courtesy tone (indicates a remote is in the list of links)
linkunkeyct = ct4			; sent when a transmission received over the link unkeys
;nolocallinkct = 0			; Send unlinkedct instead if another local node is connected to this node (hosted on the same PC).
 
; Supermon smlogger
connpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 1
discpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 0
 
;connpgm = yourconnectprogram		; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on connect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being connected to us (them)
;discpgm = yourdisconnectprogram	; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on disconnect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being disconnected from us (them)
 
lnkactenable = 0			; Set to 1 to enable the link activity timer. Applicable to standard nodes only.
 
lnkacttime = 3600			; Link activity timer time in seconds.
lnkactmacro = *73			; Function to execute when link activity timer expires.
lnkacttimerwarn = custom/timeout		; Message to play when the link activity timer has 30 seconds left.
 
;remote_inact_timeout =	60		; Specifies the amount of time without keying from the link. Set to 0 to disable timeout. (15 * 60)
;remote_timeout =			; Session time out for remote base. Set to 0 to disable. (60 * 60)
;remote_timeout_warning_freq =		; 30
;remote_timeout_warning =		; (3 * 60)
 
;nounkeyct = 0				; Set to a 1 to eliminate courtesy tones and associated delays.
 
holdofftelem = 0			; Hold off all telemetry when signal is present on receiver or from connected nodes
					; except when an ID needs to be done and there is a signal coming from a connected node.
 
telemdefault = 1                        ; 0 = telemetry output off
                                        ; 1 = telemetry output on (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = timed telemetry output on command execution and for a short time thereafter.
 
telemdynamic = 1                        ; 0 = disallow users to change the local telemetry setting with a COP command,
                                        ; 1 = Allow users to change the setting with a COP command. (default = 1)
 
beaconing = 0				; Send ID regardless of repeater activity (Required in the UK, but probably illegal in the US)
 
parrotmode = 1				; 0 = Parrot Off (default = 0)
					; 1 = Parrot On Command
					; 2 = Parrot Always
					; 3 = Parrot Once by Command
 
parrottime = 1000			; Set the amount of time in milliseconds
					; to wait before parroting what was received
 
;rxnotch=1065,40                        ; (Optional) Notch a particular frequency for a specified
                                        ; b/w. app_rpt must have been compiled with
                                        ; the notch option
 
startup_macro = *80*81*70
 
; nodenames = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames.callsign	; Point to alternate nodename sound directory
 
; Stream your node audio to Broadcastify or similar. See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Stream_Node_Audio_to_Broadcastify
; outstreamcmd = /bin/sh,-c,/usr/bin/lame --preset cbr 16 -r -m m -s 8 --bitwidth 16 - - | /usr/bin/ezstream -qvc /etc/ezstream.xml
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Need more information on these
 
;extnodes = extnodes-different	; section in extnodefile containing dynamic node information (optional)
;extnodefile = /home/gm4slv/rpt_extnodes	; Points to nodelist file containing dynamic node info default = /var/lib/asterisk/rpt_extnodes (optional)
;extnodefile2 =			; Is this a list of node files? Possible a list of private nodes or a list of static IPs for known nodes????
;nodenames = /foo/names         ; locaton of node sound files default = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
;archivedir = /tmp              ; defines and enables activity recording into specified directory (optional)
;monminblocks = 2048            ; Min 1K blocks to be left on partition (will not save monitor output if disk too full)
 
;                               ; The tailmessagetime,tailsquashedtime, and tailmessagelist need to be set
;                               ; to support tail messages. They can be omitted otherwise.
;tailmessagetime = 300000       ; Play a tail message every 5 mins
;tailsquashedtime = 30000       ; If squashed by another user,
;                               ; try again after 30 seconds
;tailmessagelist = msg1,msg2    ; list of messages to be played for tail message
 
; alt_functions
; ctgroup
; dphone_functions
; idtime
; iobase
; iospeed
; locallist
; mars		Remote Base
; memory
; nobusyout
; nodes
; nolocallinkct
; notelemtx
; outxlat
; parrot
; propagate_phonedtmf
; rptnode
; rptinactmacro  Macro to execute when inactivity timer expires
; rptinacttime   Inactivity timer time in seconds  (0 seconds disables feature)
; rxnotch	Optional Audio notch
; simplexphonedelay
; tonemacro
; tonezone
; txlimits
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 
; *** Status Reporting ***
 
; Comment the following statpost line stop to reporting of the status of your node to stats.allstarlink.org
statpost_url = http://stats.allstarlink.org/uhandler ; Status updates
 
[functions]
 
; Prefix	Functions
; *1		Disconnect Link
; *2		Monitor Link
; *3		Connect Link
; *4		Command Mode
; *5		Macros
; *6		User Functions
; *7		Connection Status/Functions
; *8		User Functions
; *9		User Functions
; *0		User Functions
 
; *A		User Functions
; *B		User Functions
; *C		User Functions
; *D		User Functions
 
 
; Mandatory Command Codes
1 = ilink,1		; Disconnect specified link
2 = ilink,2		; Connect specified link -- monitor only
3 = ilink,3		; Connect specified link -- tranceive
4 = ilink,4		; Enter command mode on specified link
 
70 = ilink,5		; System status
 
;99 = cop,6              ; PTT (phone mode only)
 
; End Mandatory Command Codes
 
73 = ilink,6		; Disconnect All Links
74 = ilink,16		; Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
 
80 = status,11         ; Force ID (local only)
81 = status,12         ; Give Time of Day (local only)
 
91 = cop,21		; Enable Parrot Mode
92 = cop,22		; Disable Parrot Mode
93 = cop,55		; Parrot Once if parrot mode is disabled
 
98 = cop,2		; System enable
99 = cop,3		; System disable
 
901 = cop,1				; System warm boot
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Macro Commands
5 = macro
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Autopatch Commands
; Note, This may be a good place for other 2 digit frequently used commands
 
;61 = autopatchup,noct = 1,farenddisconnect = 1,dialtime = 20000  ; Autopatch up
;62 = autopatchdn                                                 ; Autopatch down
 
; autopatchup can optionally take comma delimited setting=value pairs:
 
; context = string		; Override default context with "string"
; dialtime = ms			; Specify the max number of milliseconds between phone number digits (1000 milliseconds = 1 second)
; farenddisconnect = 1		; Automatically disconnect when called party hangs up
; noct = 1			; Don't send repeater courtesy tone during autopatch calls
; quiet = 1			; Don't send dial tone, or connect messages. Do not send patch down message when called party hangs up
				; Example: 123=autopatchup,dialtime=20000,noct=1,farenddisconnect=1
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Status Commands
 
; 1 - Force ID (global)
; 2 - Give Time of Day (global)
; 3 - Give software Version (global)
; 4 - Give GPS location info
; 5 - Last (dtmf) user
; 11 - Force ID (local only)
; 12 - Give Time of Day (local only)
 
;721 = status,1          ; Force ID (global)
;722 = status,2          ; Give Time of Day (global)
;723 = status,3          ; Give software Version (global)
;724 = status,4          ; Give GPS location info
;725 = status,5          ; Last (dtmf) user
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Link Commands
 
; 1 - Disconnect specified link
; 2 - Connect specified link -- monitor only
; 3 - Connect specified link -- tranceive
; 4 - Enter command mode on specified link
; 5 - System status
; 6 - Disconnect all links
; 7 - Last Node to Key Up
; 8 - Connect specified link -- local monitor only
; 9 - Send Text Message (9,<destnodeno or 0 (for all)>,Message Text, etc.
; 10 - Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
; 11 - Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
; 12 - Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
; 13 - Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
; 15 - Full system status (all nodes)
; 16 - Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
; 17 - MDC test (for diag purposes)
; 18 - Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only
 
; ilink commands 1 through 5 are defined in the Mandatory Command section
 
;806 = ilink,6			; Disconnect all links
;827 = ilink,7			; Last Node to Key Up
;808 = ilink,8			; Connect specified link -- local monitor only
;809 = ilink,9,48148,"Testing"	; would send a text message to node 48148 replace 48148 with 0 for all connected nodes
;810 = ilink,10			; Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
;811 = ilink,11			; Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
;812 = ilink,12			; Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
;823 = ilink,13			; Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
;815 = ilink,15			; Full system status (all nodes)
;817 = ilink,17			; MDC test (for diag purposes)
;818 = ilink,18			; Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Control operator (cop) functions.
; Change these to something other than these codes listed below!
; Uncomment as needed.
 
;901 = cop,1				; System warm boot
 
; 904 = cop,4				; Test tone on/off (toggle)
; 905 = cop,5				; Dump system variables on console (debug use only)
 
; 907 = cop,7				; Time out timer enable
; 908 = cop,8				; Time out timer disable
 
; 909 = cop,9				; Autopatch enable
; 910 = cop,10				; Autopatch disable
 
; 911 = cop,11				; User linking functions enable
; 912 = cop,12				; User linking functions disable
 
; 913 = cop,13				; Query system control state
; 914 = cop,14				; Set system control state
 
; 915 = cop,15				; Scheduler enable
; 916 = cop,16				; Scheduler disable
 
; 917 = cop,17				; User functions enable (time, id, etc)
; 918 = cop,18				; User functions disable
 
; 919 = cop,19				; Select alternate hang time (althangtime)
; 920 = cop,20				; Select standard hangtime (hangtime)
 
 
; 924 = cop,24				; Flush all telemetry
; 925 = cop,25				; Query last node un-keyed
; 926 = cop,26				; Query all nodes keyed/unkeyed
; 927 = cop,27				; Reset DAQ minimum on a pin
; 928 = cop,28				; Reset DAQ maximum on a pin
 
; 930 = cop,30				; Recall Memory Setting in Attached Xcvr
 
; 931 = cop,31				; Channel Selector for Parallel Programmed Xcvr
 
; 932 = cop,32				; Touchtone pad test: command + Digit string + # to playback all digits pressed
 
; 933 = cop,33				; Local Telemetry Output Enable
; 934 = cop,34				; Local Telemetry Output Disable
; 935 = cop,35				; Local Telemetry Output on Demand
 
; 936 = cop,36				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Enable
; 937 = cop,37				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Disable
; 938 = cop,38				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Follows Local Telemetry
; 939 = cop,39				; Foreign Link Local Output Path on Demand
 
; 942 = cop,42				; Echolink announce node # only
; 943 = cop,43				; Echolink announce node Callsign only
; 944 = cop,44				; Echolink announce node # & Callsign
 
; 945 = cop,45				; Link Activity timer enable
; 945 = cop,46				; Link Activity timer disable
; 947 = cop,47				; Reset "Link Config Changed" Flag
 
; 948 = cop,48				; Send Page Tone (Tone specs separated by parenthesis)
 
; 949 = cop,49				; Disable incoming connections (control state noice)
; 950 = cop,50				; Enable incoming connections (control state noicd)
 
; 951 = cop,51				; Enable sleep mode
; 952 = cop,52				; Disable sleep mode
; 953 = cop,53				; Wake up from sleep
; 954 = cop,54				; Go to sleep
 
; 956 = cop,56                            ; Rx CTCSS Enable
; 957 = cop,57                            ; Rx CTCSS Disable
 
; 958 = cop.58                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Enable
; 959 = cop,59                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Disable
 
; 960 = cop,60                            ; Send MDC-1200 Burst (cop,60,type,UnitID[,DestID,SubCode])
;                                         ; Type is 'I' for PttID, 'E' for Emergency, and 'C' for Call
;                                         ; (SelCall or Alert), or 'SX' for STS (ststus), where X is 0-F.
;                                         ; DestID and subcode are only specified for  the 'C' type message.
;                                         ; UnitID is the local systems UnitID. DestID is the MDC1200 ID of
;                                         ; the radio being called, and the subcodes are as follows:
;                                         ; Subcode '8205' is Voice Selective Call for Spectra ('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '8015' is Voice Selective Call for Maxtrac ('SC') or
;                                         ; Astro-Saber('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '810D' is Call Alert (like Maxtrac 'CA')
 
; 961 = cop,61                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins (cop,61,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
; 962 = cop,62                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins, quietly (cop,62,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
 
; 963 = cop,63                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification (cop,63,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 964 = cop,64                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification, quietly (cop,64,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 965 = cop,65                            ; Send POCSAG page (equipped channel types only)
 
[functions-remote]
 
0 = remote,1                            ; Retrieve Memory
1 = remote,2                            ; Set freq.
2 = remote,3                            ; Set tx PL tone
3 = remote,4                            ; Set rx PL tone
40 = remote,100                         ; Rx PL off
41 = remote,101                         ; Rx PL on
42 = remote,102                         ; Tx PL off
43 = remote,103                         ; Tx PL on
44 = remote,104                         ; Low Power
45 = remote,105                         ; Medium Power
46 = remote,106                         ; High Power
711 = remote,107                        ; Bump -20
714 = remote,108                        ; Bump -100
717 = remote,109                        ; Bump -500
713 = remote,110                        ; Bump +20
716 = remote,111                        ; Bump +100
719 = remote,112                        ; Bump +500
721 = remote,113                        ; Scan - slow
724 = remote,114                        ; Scan - quick
727 = remote,115                        ; Scan - fast
723 = remote,116                        ; Scan + slow
726 = remote,117                        ; Scan + quick
729 = remote,118                        ; Scan + fast
79 = remote,119                         ; Tune
51 = remote,5                           ; Long status query
52 = remote,140				; Short status query
67 = remote,210				; Send a *
69 = remote,211				; Send a #
;91 = remote,99,CALLSIGN,LICENSETAG     ; Remote base login.
                                        ; Define a different dtmf sequence for each user which is
                                        ; authorized to use the remote base to control access to it.
                                        ; For examble 9139583=remote,99,WB6NIL,G would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WB6NIL as being logged in.
                                        ; Another entry, 9148351=remote,99,WA6ZFT,E would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WA6ZFT as being logged in.
                                        ; When the remote base is disconnected from the originating node, the
                                        ; user will be logged out. The LICENSETAG argument is used to enforce
					; tx frequency limits. See [txlimits] below.
85 = cop,6                              ; Remote base telephone key
 
 
[telemetry]
 
; Telemetry entries can be shared across all repeaters, or defined for each repeater.
; Can be a tone sequence, morse string, or a file
;
; |t - Tone escape sequence
;
; Tone sequences consist of 1 or more 4-tuple entries (freq1, freq2, duration, amplitude)
; Single frequencies are created by setting freq1 or freq2 to zero.
;
; |m - Morse escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the telemetry amplitude and telemetry frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; Follow with an alphanumeric string
;
; |i - Morse ID escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the ID amplitude and ID frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; path/to/sound/file/without/extension
;
; Send the sound if in place of a constructed tone. Do not include the file extension
; Example: ct8 = rpt/bloop
; Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
 
ct1 = |t(350,0,100,2048)(500,0,100,2048)(660,0,100,2048)
ct2 = |t(660,880,150,2048)
ct3 = |t(440,0,150,4096)
ct4 = |t(550,0,150,2048)
ct5 = |t(660,0,150,2048)
ct6 = |t(880,0,150,2048)
ct7 = |t(660,440,150,2048)
ct8 = |t(700,1100,150,2048)
ranger = |t(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,150,0)
remotemon = |mR
;remotemon = |t(1209,0,50,2048)                                  ; local courtesy tone when receive only
remotetx = |mK
;remotetx = |t(1633,0,50,3000)(0,0,80,0)(1209,0,50,3000)		; local courtesy tone when linked Trancieve mode
cmdmode = |t(900,903,200,2048)
;functcomplete = |mW
functcomplete = |t(1000,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(1000,0,100,2048)
remcomplete = |t(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)
pfxtone = |t(350,440,30000,3072)
patchup = rpt/callproceeding
patchdown = rpt/callterminated
 
ct12 = |me
ct13 = |mR
 
; As far as what the numbers mean,
; (000,000,010,000)
;   |   |   |   |-------amplitude
;   |   |   |-------------duration
;   |   |-------------------Tone 2
;   |-------------------------Tone 1
 
; So, with 0,0,10,0 That says No Tone1, No Tone2, 10ms duration, 0 Amplitude.
; Use it for a delay.  Fine tuning for how long before telemetry is sent, in conjunction with the telemdelay parameter)
; The numbers, like 350,440,10,2048 are 350Hz, 440Hz, 10ms delay, amplitude of 2048.
 
; Morse code parameters, these are common to all repeaters.
 
[morse]
speed = 20				; Approximate speed in WPM
frequency = 600				; Morse Telemetry Frequency
amplitude = 2048			; Morse Telemetry Amplitude
idfrequency = 1065			; Morse ID Frequency
idamplitude = 1024			; Morse ID Amplitude
 
;
; This section allows wait times for telemetry events to be adjusted
; A section for wait times can be defined for every repeater
;
 
[wait-times]
telemwait = 400                        ; Time to wait before sending most telemetry
idwait = 500                            ; Time to wait before starting ID
unkeywait = 200                        ; Time to wait after unkey before sending CT's and link telemetry
calltermwait = 2000                     ; Time to wait before announcing "call terminated"
 
; Memories for remote bases
 
[memory]
;00 = 146.580,100.0,m
;01 = 147.030,103.5,m+t
;02 = 147.240,103.5,m+t
;03 = 147.765,79.7,m-t
;04 = 146.460,100.0,m
;05 = 146.550,100.0,m
 
; Place command macros here
 
[macro]
 
 
11 = *141223# ; disc. hubnet
21 = *241223# ; monitor hubnet
31 = *341223# ; transceive hubnet
 
 
12 = *1424611# ; disc MilNet
22 = *2424611# ; monitor MilNet
32 = *3424611# ; transceive MilNet
 
;13 = *129332# ; disc Alaska
;23 = *229332# ; monitor Alaska
;33 = *329332# ; transceive Alaska
 
;14 = *154383# ; disc CQ North
;24 = *254383# ; monitor CQ North
;34 = *354383# ; transceive CQ North
 
;191 = *140894# ; disconnect hubnet Echo
;391 = *340894# ; connect hubnet echo
 
19 = *13009999#	; dis echolink echotest
39 = *33009999#	; con echolink echotest
 
 
 
; Data Acquisition configuration
 
;[daq-list]
;device = device_name1
;device = device_name2
 
;Where: device_name1 and device_name2 are stanzas you define in this file
 
;device = daq-cham-1
 
; Device name
 
;[daq-cham-1]				; Defined in [daq-list]
;hwtype = uchameleon			; DAQ hardware type
;devnode = /dev/ttyUSB0			; DAQ device node (if required)
;1 = inadc				; Pin definition for an ADC channel
;2 = inadc
;3 = inadc
;4 = inadc
;5 = inadc
;6 = inadc
;7 = inadc
;8 = inadc
;9 = inp				; Pin definition for an input with a weak pullup resistor
;10 = inp
;11 = inp
;12 = inp
;13 = in				; Pin definition for an input without a weak pullup resistor
;14 = out				; Pin definition for an output
;15 = out
;16 = out
;17 = out
;18 = out
 
;[meter-faces]
 
;face = scale(scalepre,scalediv,scalepost),word/?,...
;
; scalepre = offset to add before dividing with scalediv
; scalediv = full scale/number of whole units (e.g. 256/20 or 12.8 for 20 volts).
; scalepost = offset to add after dividing with scalediv
;
;face = range(X-Y:word,X2-Y2:word,...),word/?,...
;face = bit(low-word,high-word),word/?,...
;
; word/? is either a word in /var/lib/asterisk/sounds or one of its subdirectories,
; or a question mark which is  a placeholder for the measured value.
;
;
; Battery voltage 0-20 volts
;batvolts = scale(0,12.8,0),rpt/thevoltageis,?,ha/volts
; 4 quadrant wind direction
;winddir = range(0-33:north,34-96:west,97-160:south,161-224:east,225-255:north),rpt/thewindis,?
; LM34 temperature sensor with 130 deg. F full scale
;lm34f = scale(0,1.969,0),rpt/thetemperatureis,?,degrees,fahrenheit
; Status poll (non alarmed)
;light = bit(ha/off,ha/on),ha/light,?
 
;[alarms]
;
;tag = device,pin,node,ignorefirst,func-low,func-hi
;
;tag = a unique name for the alarm
;device = daq device to poll
;pin = the device pin to be monitored
;ignorefirstalarm = set to 1 to throwaway first alarm event, or 0 to report it
;node = the node number to execute the function on
;func-low = the DTMF function to execute on a high to low transition
;func-high = the DTMF function to execute on a low to high transition
;
; a  '-' as a function name is shorthand for no-operation
;
;door = daq-cham-1,9,1,2017,*7,-
;pwrfail = daq-cham-1,10,0,2017,*911111,-
;
; Control states
; Allow several control operator functions to be changed at once using one command (good for scheduling)
;
;[controlstates]
;statenum = copcmd,[copcmd]...
;0 = rptena,lnkena,apena,totena,ufena,noicd  ; Normal operation
;1 = rptena,lnkena,apdis,totdis,ufena,noice  ; Net and news operation
;2 = rptena,lnkdis,apdis,totena,ufdis,noice  ; Repeater only operation
 
; Scheduler - execute a macro at a given time
 
[schedule]
;dtmf_function =  m h dom mon dow  ; ala cron, star is implied
;8 = 55 12 * * *   ; at midnight, execute macro 2.
 
; See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Event_Management
[events]
 
#includeifexists custom/rpt.conf

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf after bridging added

; Radio Repeater configuration file (for use with app_rpt)
; Your Repeater
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;
; This is where you define your nodes which can be connected to.
;
 
[nodes]
; Note, if you are using automatic update for allstar link nodes,
; no allstar link nodes should be defined here. Only place a definition
; for your local nodes, and private (off of allstar link) nodes here.
 
;481480 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/481480,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
 
 
1999 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/1999,NONE
 
48148 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/48148,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
                                        ; and iax port number if not the default
 
 
 
[1999]
rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:31001 ; Use the USRP channel driver. Must be enabled in modules.conf
 ; 127.0.0.1 = IP of the target application
 ; 34001 = UDP port the target application is listening on
 ; 32001 = UDP port ASL is listening on
duplex = 0 ; 0 = Half duplex with no telemetry tones or hang time. Ah, but Allison STILL talks!
hangtime = 0 ; squelch tail hang time 0
althangtime = 0 ; longer squelch tail hang time 0
holdofftelem = 1 ; Hold off all telemetry when signal is present on receiver or from connected nodes
 ; except when an ID needs to be done and there is a signal coming from a connected node.
telemdefault = 0 ; 0 = telemetry output off. Don't send Allison to DMR !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Trust me.
telemdynamic = 0 ; 0 = disallow users to change the local telemetry setting with a COP command,
linktolink = no ; disables forcing physical half-duplex operation of main repeater while
 ; still keeping half-duplex semantics (optional)
nounkeyct = 1 ; Set to a 1 to eliminate courtesy tones and associated delays.
totime = 180000 ; transmit time-out time (in ms) (optional, default 3 minutes 180000 ms)
idrecording = |ie ; id recording or morse string see http://ohnosec.org/drupal/node/87
idtalkover = |ie ; Talkover ID (optional) default is none see http://ohnosec.org/drupal/node/129
 
 
 
;[481480]					; Change this to your assigned node number
[48148]					; Change this to your assigned node number
 
                                        ; Must also be enabled in modules.conf
					; Rx audio/signalling channel. Choose ONLY 1 per node stanza
 
					; Enable the selected channel driver in modules.conf !!!
;rxchannel = dahdi/pseudo	        ; No radio (hub)
rxchannel = SimpleUSB/usb_48148	; SimpleUSB
; rxchannel = Pi/1                      ; Raspberry Pi PiTA
; rxchannel = Radio/usb_48148		; USBRadio (DSP)
; rxchannel = Dahdi/1			; PCI Quad card
; rxchannel = Beagle/1			; BeagleBoard
; rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:32001; GNU Radio interface USRP
; rxchannel = Voter/48148                ; RTCM device
 
 
duplex = 1                              ; 0 = Half duplex with no telemetry tones or hang time.
                                        ;     Special Case: Full duplex if linktolink is set to yes.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing with an external multiport repeater controller.
					;     Comment out idrecording and idtalkover to suppress IDs also
                                        ; 1 = Half duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Does not repeat audio.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a simplex node.
                                        ; 2 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a repeater.
                                        ; 3 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time, but no repeated audio.
                                        ; 4 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Repeated audio only when the autopatch is down.
 
linktolink = no				; disables forcing physical half-duplex operation of main repeater while
					; still keeping half-duplex semantics (optional)
 
linkmongain = 0				; Link Monitor Gain adjusts the audio level of monitored nodes when a signal from another node or the local receiver is received.
					; If linkmongain is set to a negative number the monitored audio will decrease by the set amount in db.
					; If linkmongain set to a positive number monitored audio will increase by the set amount in db.
					; The value of linkmongain is in db. The default value is 0 db.
 
erxgain = -3				; Echolink receive gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
etxgain = 3				; Echolink transmit gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
eannmode = 2                           ; 1 = Say only node number on echolink connects (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = say phonetic call sign only on echolink connects
                                        ; 3 = say phonetic call sign and node number on echolink connects
 
;controlstates = controlstates		; system control state stanza
 
scheduler = schedule			; scheduler stanza
functions = functions			; Repeater Function stanza
phone_functions = functions		; Phone Function stanza
link_functions = functions		; Link Function stanza
 
telemetry = telemetry			; Telemetry stanza
morse = morse				; Morse stanza
wait_times = wait-times			; Wait times stanza
 
context = radio				; dialing context for phone
callerid = "Repeater" <0000000000>	; callerid for phone calls
accountcode = RADIO                     ; account code (optional)
 
hangtime = 200				; squelch tail hang time (in ms) (optional, default 5 seconds, 5000 ms)
althangtime = 300			; longer squelch tail
totime = 300000				; 5 mins (12/4/22) transmit time-out time (in ms) (optional, default 3 minutes 180000 ms)
 
telemnomdb = -3				;
telemduckdb = -10			;
 
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/gm4slv_id
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/mb7aze_id
idrecording = |iGM4SLV				; Main ID message
 
;idtalkover = |iGM4SLV				; Talkover ID message
idtalkover = |iGM4SLV				; Talkover ID message
					; See Telemetry section Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
idtime = 900000				; 15 mins (12/4/22) id interval time (in ms) (optional) Default 5 minutes (300000 ms)
politeid = 30000			; time in milliseconds before ID timer expires to try and ID in the tail. (optional, default 30000)
 
unlinkedct = ct12			; Send a this courtesy tone when the user unkeys if the node is not connected to any other nodes. (optional, default is none)
remotect = ct3				; remote linked courtesy tone (indicates a remote is in the list of links)
linkunkeyct = ct4			; sent when a transmission received over the link unkeys
;nolocallinkct = 0			; Send unlinkedct instead if another local node is connected to this node (hosted on the same PC).
 
; Supermon smlogger
connpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 1
discpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 0
 
;connpgm = yourconnectprogram		; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on connect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being connected to us (them)
;discpgm = yourdisconnectprogram	; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on disconnect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being disconnected from us (them)
 
lnkactenable = 0			; Set to 1 to enable the link activity timer. Applicable to standard nodes only.
 
lnkacttime = 3600			; Link activity timer time in seconds.
lnkactmacro = *73			; Function to execute when link activity timer expires.
lnkacttimerwarn = custom/timeout		; Message to play when the link activity timer has 30 seconds left.
 
;remote_inact_timeout =	60		; Specifies the amount of time without keying from the link. Set to 0 to disable timeout. (15 * 60)
;remote_timeout =			; Session time out for remote base. Set to 0 to disable. (60 * 60)
;remote_timeout_warning_freq =		; 30
;remote_timeout_warning =		; (3 * 60)
 
;nounkeyct = 0				; Set to a 1 to eliminate courtesy tones and associated delays.
 
holdofftelem = 0			; Hold off all telemetry when signal is present on receiver or from connected nodes
					; except when an ID needs to be done and there is a signal coming from a connected node.
 
telemdefault = 1                        ; 0 = telemetry output off
                                        ; 1 = telemetry output on (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = timed telemetry output on command execution and for a short time thereafter.
 
telemdynamic = 1                        ; 0 = disallow users to change the local telemetry setting with a COP command,
                                        ; 1 = Allow users to change the setting with a COP command. (default = 1)
 
beaconing = 0				; Send ID regardless of repeater activity (Required in the UK, but probably illegal in the US)
 
parrotmode = 1				; 0 = Parrot Off (default = 0)
					; 1 = Parrot On Command
					; 2 = Parrot Always
					; 3 = Parrot Once by Command
 
parrottime = 1000			; Set the amount of time in milliseconds
					; to wait before parroting what was received
 
;rxnotch=1065,40                        ; (Optional) Notch a particular frequency for a specified
                                        ; b/w. app_rpt must have been compiled with
                                        ; the notch option
 
startup_macro = *80*81*70
 
; nodenames = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames.callsign	; Point to alternate nodename sound directory
 
; Stream your node audio to Broadcastify or similar. See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Stream_Node_Audio_to_Broadcastify
; outstreamcmd = /bin/sh,-c,/usr/bin/lame --preset cbr 16 -r -m m -s 8 --bitwidth 16 - - | /usr/bin/ezstream -qvc /etc/ezstream.xml
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Need more information on these
 
;extnodes = extnodes-different	; section in extnodefile containing dynamic node information (optional)
;extnodefile = /home/gm4slv/rpt_extnodes	; Points to nodelist file containing dynamic node info default = /var/lib/asterisk/rpt_extnodes (optional)
;extnodefile2 =			; Is this a list of node files? Possible a list of private nodes or a list of static IPs for known nodes????
;nodenames = /foo/names         ; locaton of node sound files default = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
;archivedir = /tmp              ; defines and enables activity recording into specified directory (optional)
;monminblocks = 2048            ; Min 1K blocks to be left on partition (will not save monitor output if disk too full)
 
;                               ; The tailmessagetime,tailsquashedtime, and tailmessagelist need to be set
;                               ; to support tail messages. They can be omitted otherwise.
;tailmessagetime = 300000       ; Play a tail message every 5 mins
;tailsquashedtime = 30000       ; If squashed by another user,
;                               ; try again after 30 seconds
;tailmessagelist = msg1,msg2    ; list of messages to be played for tail message
 
; alt_functions
; ctgroup
; dphone_functions
; idtime
; iobase
; iospeed
; locallist
; mars		Remote Base
; memory
; nobusyout
; nodes
; nolocallinkct
; notelemtx
; outxlat
; parrot
; propagate_phonedtmf
; rptnode
; rptinactmacro  Macro to execute when inactivity timer expires
; rptinacttime   Inactivity timer time in seconds  (0 seconds disables feature)
; rxnotch	Optional Audio notch
; simplexphonedelay
; tonemacro
; tonezone
; txlimits
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 
; *** Status Reporting ***
 
; Comment the following statpost line stop to reporting of the status of your node to stats.allstarlink.org
statpost_url = http://stats.allstarlink.org/uhandler ; Status updates
 
[functions]
 
; Prefix	Functions
; *1		Disconnect Link
; *2		Monitor Link
; *3		Connect Link
; *4		Command Mode
; *5		Macros
; *6		User Functions
; *7		Connection Status/Functions
; *8		User Functions
; *9		User Functions
; *0		User Functions
 
; *A		User Functions
; *B		User Functions
; *C		User Functions
; *D		User Functions
 
 
; Mandatory Command Codes
1 = ilink,1		; Disconnect specified link
2 = ilink,2		; Connect specified link -- monitor only
3 = ilink,3		; Connect specified link -- tranceive
4 = ilink,4		; Enter command mode on specified link
 
70 = ilink,5		; System status
 
;99 = cop,6              ; PTT (phone mode only)
 
; End Mandatory Command Codes
 
73 = ilink,6		; Disconnect All Links
74 = ilink,16		; Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
 
80 = status,11         ; Force ID (local only)
81 = status,12         ; Give Time of Day (local only)
 
91 = cop,21		; Enable Parrot Mode
92 = cop,22		; Disable Parrot Mode
93 = cop,55		; Parrot Once if parrot mode is disabled
 
98 = cop,2		; System enable
99 = cop,3		; System disable
 
901 = cop,1				; System warm boot
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Macro Commands
5 = macro
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Autopatch Commands
; Note, This may be a good place for other 2 digit frequently used commands
 
;61 = autopatchup,noct = 1,farenddisconnect = 1,dialtime = 20000  ; Autopatch up
;62 = autopatchdn                                                 ; Autopatch down
 
; autopatchup can optionally take comma delimited setting=value pairs:
 
; context = string		; Override default context with "string"
; dialtime = ms			; Specify the max number of milliseconds between phone number digits (1000 milliseconds = 1 second)
; farenddisconnect = 1		; Automatically disconnect when called party hangs up
; noct = 1			; Don't send repeater courtesy tone during autopatch calls
; quiet = 1			; Don't send dial tone, or connect messages. Do not send patch down message when called party hangs up
				; Example: 123=autopatchup,dialtime=20000,noct=1,farenddisconnect=1
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Status Commands
 
; 1 - Force ID (global)
; 2 - Give Time of Day (global)
; 3 - Give software Version (global)
; 4 - Give GPS location info
; 5 - Last (dtmf) user
; 11 - Force ID (local only)
; 12 - Give Time of Day (local only)
 
;721 = status,1          ; Force ID (global)
;722 = status,2          ; Give Time of Day (global)
;723 = status,3          ; Give software Version (global)
;724 = status,4          ; Give GPS location info
;725 = status,5          ; Last (dtmf) user
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Link Commands
 
; 1 - Disconnect specified link
; 2 - Connect specified link -- monitor only
; 3 - Connect specified link -- tranceive
; 4 - Enter command mode on specified link
; 5 - System status
; 6 - Disconnect all links
; 7 - Last Node to Key Up
; 8 - Connect specified link -- local monitor only
; 9 - Send Text Message (9,<destnodeno or 0 (for all)>,Message Text, etc.
; 10 - Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
; 11 - Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
; 12 - Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
; 13 - Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
; 15 - Full system status (all nodes)
; 16 - Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
; 17 - MDC test (for diag purposes)
; 18 - Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only
 
; ilink commands 1 through 5 are defined in the Mandatory Command section
 
;806 = ilink,6			; Disconnect all links
;827 = ilink,7			; Last Node to Key Up
;808 = ilink,8			; Connect specified link -- local monitor only
;809 = ilink,9,48148,"Testing"	; would send a text message to node 48148 replace 48148 with 0 for all connected nodes
;810 = ilink,10			; Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
;811 = ilink,11			; Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
;812 = ilink,12			; Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
;823 = ilink,13			; Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
;815 = ilink,15			; Full system status (all nodes)
;817 = ilink,17			; MDC test (for diag purposes)
;818 = ilink,18			; Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Control operator (cop) functions.
; Change these to something other than these codes listed below!
; Uncomment as needed.
 
;901 = cop,1				; System warm boot
 
; 904 = cop,4				; Test tone on/off (toggle)
; 905 = cop,5				; Dump system variables on console (debug use only)
 
; 907 = cop,7				; Time out timer enable
; 908 = cop,8				; Time out timer disable
 
; 909 = cop,9				; Autopatch enable
; 910 = cop,10				; Autopatch disable
 
; 911 = cop,11				; User linking functions enable
; 912 = cop,12				; User linking functions disable
 
; 913 = cop,13				; Query system control state
; 914 = cop,14				; Set system control state
 
; 915 = cop,15				; Scheduler enable
; 916 = cop,16				; Scheduler disable
 
; 917 = cop,17				; User functions enable (time, id, etc)
; 918 = cop,18				; User functions disable
 
; 919 = cop,19				; Select alternate hang time (althangtime)
; 920 = cop,20				; Select standard hangtime (hangtime)
 
 
; 924 = cop,24				; Flush all telemetry
; 925 = cop,25				; Query last node un-keyed
; 926 = cop,26				; Query all nodes keyed/unkeyed
; 927 = cop,27				; Reset DAQ minimum on a pin
; 928 = cop,28				; Reset DAQ maximum on a pin
 
; 930 = cop,30				; Recall Memory Setting in Attached Xcvr
 
; 931 = cop,31				; Channel Selector for Parallel Programmed Xcvr
 
; 932 = cop,32				; Touchtone pad test: command + Digit string + # to playback all digits pressed
 
; 933 = cop,33				; Local Telemetry Output Enable
; 934 = cop,34				; Local Telemetry Output Disable
; 935 = cop,35				; Local Telemetry Output on Demand
 
; 936 = cop,36				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Enable
; 937 = cop,37				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Disable
; 938 = cop,38				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Follows Local Telemetry
; 939 = cop,39				; Foreign Link Local Output Path on Demand
 
; 942 = cop,42				; Echolink announce node # only
; 943 = cop,43				; Echolink announce node Callsign only
; 944 = cop,44				; Echolink announce node # & Callsign
 
; 945 = cop,45				; Link Activity timer enable
; 945 = cop,46				; Link Activity timer disable
; 947 = cop,47				; Reset "Link Config Changed" Flag
 
; 948 = cop,48				; Send Page Tone (Tone specs separated by parenthesis)
 
; 949 = cop,49				; Disable incoming connections (control state noice)
; 950 = cop,50				; Enable incoming connections (control state noicd)
 
; 951 = cop,51				; Enable sleep mode
; 952 = cop,52				; Disable sleep mode
; 953 = cop,53				; Wake up from sleep
; 954 = cop,54				; Go to sleep
 
; 956 = cop,56                            ; Rx CTCSS Enable
; 957 = cop,57                            ; Rx CTCSS Disable
 
; 958 = cop.58                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Enable
; 959 = cop,59                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Disable
 
; 960 = cop,60                            ; Send MDC-1200 Burst (cop,60,type,UnitID[,DestID,SubCode])
;                                         ; Type is 'I' for PttID, 'E' for Emergency, and 'C' for Call
;                                         ; (SelCall or Alert), or 'SX' for STS (ststus), where X is 0-F.
;                                         ; DestID and subcode are only specified for  the 'C' type message.
;                                         ; UnitID is the local systems UnitID. DestID is the MDC1200 ID of
;                                         ; the radio being called, and the subcodes are as follows:
;                                         ; Subcode '8205' is Voice Selective Call for Spectra ('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '8015' is Voice Selective Call for Maxtrac ('SC') or
;                                         ; Astro-Saber('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '810D' is Call Alert (like Maxtrac 'CA')
 
; 961 = cop,61                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins (cop,61,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
; 962 = cop,62                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins, quietly (cop,62,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
 
; 963 = cop,63                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification (cop,63,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 964 = cop,64                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification, quietly (cop,64,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 965 = cop,65                            ; Send POCSAG page (equipped channel types only)
 
[functions-remote]
 
0 = remote,1                            ; Retrieve Memory
1 = remote,2                            ; Set freq.
2 = remote,3                            ; Set tx PL tone
3 = remote,4                            ; Set rx PL tone
40 = remote,100                         ; Rx PL off
41 = remote,101                         ; Rx PL on
42 = remote,102                         ; Tx PL off
43 = remote,103                         ; Tx PL on
44 = remote,104                         ; Low Power
45 = remote,105                         ; Medium Power
46 = remote,106                         ; High Power
711 = remote,107                        ; Bump -20
714 = remote,108                        ; Bump -100
717 = remote,109                        ; Bump -500
713 = remote,110                        ; Bump +20
716 = remote,111                        ; Bump +100
719 = remote,112                        ; Bump +500
721 = remote,113                        ; Scan - slow
724 = remote,114                        ; Scan - quick
727 = remote,115                        ; Scan - fast
723 = remote,116                        ; Scan + slow
726 = remote,117                        ; Scan + quick
729 = remote,118                        ; Scan + fast
79 = remote,119                         ; Tune
51 = remote,5                           ; Long status query
52 = remote,140				; Short status query
67 = remote,210				; Send a *
69 = remote,211				; Send a #
;91 = remote,99,CALLSIGN,LICENSETAG     ; Remote base login.
                                        ; Define a different dtmf sequence for each user which is
                                        ; authorized to use the remote base to control access to it.
                                        ; For examble 9139583=remote,99,WB6NIL,G would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WB6NIL as being logged in.
                                        ; Another entry, 9148351=remote,99,WA6ZFT,E would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WA6ZFT as being logged in.
                                        ; When the remote base is disconnected from the originating node, the
                                        ; user will be logged out. The LICENSETAG argument is used to enforce
					; tx frequency limits. See [txlimits] below.
85 = cop,6                              ; Remote base telephone key
 
 
[telemetry]
 
; Telemetry entries can be shared across all repeaters, or defined for each repeater.
; Can be a tone sequence, morse string, or a file
;
; |t - Tone escape sequence
;
; Tone sequences consist of 1 or more 4-tuple entries (freq1, freq2, duration, amplitude)
; Single frequencies are created by setting freq1 or freq2 to zero.
;
; |m - Morse escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the telemetry amplitude and telemetry frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; Follow with an alphanumeric string
;
; |i - Morse ID escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the ID amplitude and ID frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; path/to/sound/file/without/extension
;
; Send the sound if in place of a constructed tone. Do not include the file extension
; Example: ct8 = rpt/bloop
; Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
 
ct1 = |t(350,0,100,2048)(500,0,100,2048)(660,0,100,2048)
ct2 = |t(660,880,150,2048)
ct3 = |t(440,0,150,4096)
ct4 = |t(550,0,150,2048)
ct5 = |t(660,0,150,2048)
ct6 = |t(880,0,150,2048)
ct7 = |t(660,440,150,2048)
ct8 = |t(700,1100,150,2048)
ranger = |t(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,150,0)
remotemon = |mR
;remotemon = |t(1209,0,50,2048)                                  ; local courtesy tone when receive only
remotetx = |mK
;remotetx = |t(1633,0,50,3000)(0,0,80,0)(1209,0,50,3000)		; local courtesy tone when linked Trancieve mode
cmdmode = |t(900,903,200,2048)
;functcomplete = |mW
functcomplete = |t(1000,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(1000,0,100,2048)
remcomplete = |t(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)
pfxtone = |t(350,440,30000,3072)
patchup = rpt/callproceeding
patchdown = rpt/callterminated
 
ct12 = |me
ct13 = |mR
 
; As far as what the numbers mean,
; (000,000,010,000)
;   |   |   |   |-------amplitude
;   |   |   |-------------duration
;   |   |-------------------Tone 2
;   |-------------------------Tone 1
 
; So, with 0,0,10,0 That says No Tone1, No Tone2, 10ms duration, 0 Amplitude.
; Use it for a delay.  Fine tuning for how long before telemetry is sent, in conjunction with the telemdelay parameter)
; The numbers, like 350,440,10,2048 are 350Hz, 440Hz, 10ms delay, amplitude of 2048.
 
; Morse code parameters, these are common to all repeaters.
 
[morse]
speed = 20				; Approximate speed in WPM
frequency = 600				; Morse Telemetry Frequency
amplitude = 2048			; Morse Telemetry Amplitude
idfrequency = 1065			; Morse ID Frequency
idamplitude = 1024			; Morse ID Amplitude
 
;
; This section allows wait times for telemetry events to be adjusted
; A section for wait times can be defined for every repeater
;
 
[wait-times]
telemwait = 400                        ; Time to wait before sending most telemetry
idwait = 500                            ; Time to wait before starting ID
unkeywait = 200                        ; Time to wait after unkey before sending CT's and link telemetry
calltermwait = 2000                     ; Time to wait before announcing "call terminated"
 
; Memories for remote bases
 
[memory]
;00 = 146.580,100.0,m
;01 = 147.030,103.5,m+t
;02 = 147.240,103.5,m+t
;03 = 147.765,79.7,m-t
;04 = 146.460,100.0,m
;05 = 146.550,100.0,m
 
; Place command macros here
 
[macro]
 
 
11 = *141223# ; disc. hubnet
21 = *241223# ; monitor hubnet
31 = *341223# ; transceive hubnet
 
 
12 = *1424611# ; disc MilNet
22 = *2424611# ; monitor MilNet
32 = *3424611# ; transceive MilNet
 
;13 = *129332# ; disc Alaska
;23 = *229332# ; monitor Alaska
;33 = *329332# ; transceive Alaska
 
;14 = *154383# ; disc CQ North
;24 = *254383# ; monitor CQ North
;34 = *354383# ; transceive CQ North
 
;191 = *140894# ; disconnect hubnet Echo
;391 = *340894# ; connect hubnet echo
 
19 = *13009999#	; dis echolink echotest
39 = *33009999#	; con echolink echotest
 
 
 
; Data Acquisition configuration
 
;[daq-list]
;device = device_name1
;device = device_name2
 
;Where: device_name1 and device_name2 are stanzas you define in this file
 
;device = daq-cham-1
 
; Device name
 
;[daq-cham-1]				; Defined in [daq-list]
;hwtype = uchameleon			; DAQ hardware type
;devnode = /dev/ttyUSB0			; DAQ device node (if required)
;1 = inadc				; Pin definition for an ADC channel
;2 = inadc
;3 = inadc
;4 = inadc
;5 = inadc
;6 = inadc
;7 = inadc
;8 = inadc
;9 = inp				; Pin definition for an input with a weak pullup resistor
;10 = inp
;11 = inp
;12 = inp
;13 = in				; Pin definition for an input without a weak pullup resistor
;14 = out				; Pin definition for an output
;15 = out
;16 = out
;17 = out
;18 = out
 
;[meter-faces]
 
;face = scale(scalepre,scalediv,scalepost),word/?,...
;
; scalepre = offset to add before dividing with scalediv
; scalediv = full scale/number of whole units (e.g. 256/20 or 12.8 for 20 volts).
; scalepost = offset to add after dividing with scalediv
;
;face = range(X-Y:word,X2-Y2:word,...),word/?,...
;face = bit(low-word,high-word),word/?,...
;
; word/? is either a word in /var/lib/asterisk/sounds or one of its subdirectories,
; or a question mark which is  a placeholder for the measured value.
;
;
; Battery voltage 0-20 volts
;batvolts = scale(0,12.8,0),rpt/thevoltageis,?,ha/volts
; 4 quadrant wind direction
;winddir = range(0-33:north,34-96:west,97-160:south,161-224:east,225-255:north),rpt/thewindis,?
; LM34 temperature sensor with 130 deg. F full scale
;lm34f = scale(0,1.969,0),rpt/thetemperatureis,?,degrees,fahrenheit
; Status poll (non alarmed)
;light = bit(ha/off,ha/on),ha/light,?
 
;[alarms]
;
;tag = device,pin,node,ignorefirst,func-low,func-hi
;
;tag = a unique name for the alarm
;device = daq device to poll
;pin = the device pin to be monitored
;ignorefirstalarm = set to 1 to throwaway first alarm event, or 0 to report it
;node = the node number to execute the function on
;func-low = the DTMF function to execute on a high to low transition
;func-high = the DTMF function to execute on a low to high transition
;
; a  '-' as a function name is shorthand for no-operation
;
;door = daq-cham-1,9,1,2017,*7,-
;pwrfail = daq-cham-1,10,0,2017,*911111,-
;
; Control states
; Allow several control operator functions to be changed at once using one command (good for scheduling)
;
;[controlstates]
;statenum = copcmd,[copcmd]...
;0 = rptena,lnkena,apena,totena,ufena,noicd  ; Normal operation
;1 = rptena,lnkena,apdis,totdis,ufena,noice  ; Net and news operation
;2 = rptena,lnkdis,apdis,totena,ufdis,noice  ; Repeater only operation
 
; Scheduler - execute a macro at a given time
 
[schedule]
;dtmf_function =  m h dom mon dow  ; ala cron, star is implied
;8 = 55 12 * * *   ; at midnight, execute macro 2.
 
; See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Event_Management
[events]
 
#includeifexists custom/rpt.conf

/etc/asterisk/modules.conf after bridging added

;
; Asterisk configuration file
;
; Module Loader configuration file
;
; By default DIAL does NOT load every module, only what is needed
 
; You can enable or disable any of the asterisk modules
; All modules are compiled and installed.
 
; To enable a module: load => module_name.so
; To disable a module: noload => module_name.so
 
; You will want to enable the channel driver modules you will be using.
; There are below in the Channle Driver section
; The most common Channel drivers for app_rpt are:
; chan_echolink.so   echolink channel driver
; chan_simpleusb.so  Simple USB Radio Interface Channel Drive
; chan_usbradio.so   USB Console Channel Driver
; chan_usrp.so       USRP Channel Module
; chan_voter.so      radio Voter channel driver
 
[modules]
 
autoload=no
 
; Applications
 
noload => app_adsiprog.so ;			Asterisk ADSI Programming Application
noload => app_alarmreceiver.so ;		Alarm Receiver for Asterisk
noload => app_amd.so ;				Answering Machine Detection Application
load => app_authenticate.so ;            	Authentication Application
noload => app_cdr.so ;				Tell Asterisk to not maintain a CDR for
noload => app_chanisavail.so ;			Check channel availability
noload => app_channelredirect.so ;		Channel Redirect
noload => app_chanspy.so ;			Listen to the audio of an active channel
noload => app_controlplayback.so ;		Control Playback Application
noload => app_dahdibarge.so ;			Barge in on channel application
noload => app_dahdiras.so ;			DAHDI RAS Application
noload => app_dahdiscan.so ;			Scan Zap channels application
noload => app_db.so ;				Database Access Functions
load => app_dial.so ;				Dialing Application
noload => app_dictate.so ;			Virtual Dictation Machine
noload => app_directed_pickup.so ;		Directed Call Pickup Application
noload => app_directory.so ;			Extension Directory
noload => app_disa.so ;				DISA (Direct Inward System Access) Appli
noload => app_dumpchan.so ;			Dump Info About The Calling Channel
noload => app_echo.so ;				Simple Echo Application
load => app_exec.so ;				Executes dialplan applications
noload => app_externalivr.so ;			External IVR Interface Application
noload => app_festival.so ;			Simple Festival Interface
noload => app_flash.so ;			Flash channel application
noload => app_followme.so ;			Find-Me/Follow-Me Application
noload => app_forkcdr.so ;			Fork The CDR into 2 separate entities
noload => app_getcpeid.so ;			Get ADSI CPE ID
noload => app_gps.so ;				GPS interface module
noload => app_hasnewvoicemail.so ;		Indicator for whether a voice mailbox ha
noload => app_ices.so ;				Encode and Stream via icecast and ices
noload => app_image.so ;			Image Transmission Application
noload => app_lookupblacklist.so ;		Look up Caller*ID name/number from black
noload => app_lookupcidname.so ;		Look up CallerID Name from local databas
load => app_macro.so ;				Extension Macros
noload => app_meetme.so ;			MeetMe conference bridge
noload => app_milliwatt.so ;			Digital Milliwatt (mu-law) Test Applicat
noload => app_mixmonitor.so ;			Mixed Audio Monitoring Application
noload => app_morsecode.so ;			Morse code
noload => app_mp3.so ;				Silly MP3 Application
noload => app_nbscat.so ;			Silly NBS Stream Application
noload => app_page.so ;				Page Multiple Phones
noload => app_parkandannounce.so ;		Call Parking and Announce Application
load => app_playback.so ;			Sound File Playback Application
noload => app_privacy.so ;			Require phone number to be entered, if n
noload => app_queue.so ;			True Call Queueing
noload => app_radbridge.so ;			Radio Bridging interface module
noload => app_random.so ;			Random goto
noload => app_readfile.so ;			Stores output of file into a variable
noload => app_read.so ;				Read Variable Application
noload => app_realtime.so ;			Realtime Data Lookup/Rewrite
noload => app_record.so ;			Trivial Record Application
load => app_rpt.so ;				Radio Repeater/Remote Base Application
noload => app_sayunixtime.so ;			Say time
noload => app_senddtmf.so ;			Send DTMF digits Application
load => app_sendtext.so ;			Send Text Applications
noload => app_setcallerid.so ;			Set CallerID Application
noload => app_setcdruserfield.so ;		CDR user field apps
noload => app_settransfercapability.so ;	Set ISDN Transfer Capability
noload => app_sms.so ;				SMS/PSTN handler
noload => app_softhangup.so ;			Hangs up the requested channel
noload => app_speech_utils.so ;			Dialplan Speech Applications
noload => app_stack.so ;			Stack Routines
load => app_system.so ;				Generic System() application
noload => app_talkdetect.so ;			Playback with Talk Detection
noload => app_test.so ;				Interface Test Application
load => app_transfer.so ;			Transfer
noload => app_url.so ;				Send URL Applications
noload => app_userevent.so ;			Custom User Event Application
noload => app_verbose.so ;			Send verbose output
noload => app_voicemail.so ;			Comedian Mail (Voicemail System)
noload => app_waitforring.so ;			Waits until first ring after time
noload => app_waitforsilence.so ;		Wait For Silence
noload => app_while.so ;			While Loops and Conditional Execution
noload => app_zapateller.so ;			Block Telemarketers with Special Informa
 
; CDR
 
noload => cdr_csv.so ;				Comma Separated Values CDR Backend
noload => cdr_custom.so ;			Customizable Comma Separated Values CDR
noload => cdr_manager.so ;			Asterisk Manager Interface CDR Backend
 
; Channels
 
noload => chan_agent.so ;			Agent Proxy Channel
noload => chan_alsa.so ;			ALSA Console Channel Driver
noload => chan_beagle.so ;			Beagleboard Radio Interface Channel Driver
load => chan_dahdi.so ;				DAHDI Telephony
load => chan_echolink.so ;			echolink Channel Driver
noload => chan_features.so ;			Feature Proxy Channel
noload => chan_gtalk.so ;			Gtalk Channel Driver
load => chan_iax2.so ;				Inter Asterisk eXchange (Ver 2)
load => chan_local.so ;				Local Proxy Channel (Note: used internal
noload => chan_oss.so ;				Channel driver for OSS sound cards
noload => chan_phone.so ;			Generic Linux Telephony Interface driver
noload => chan_pi.so ;				DMK Engineering "PITA" Board on Rpi2/3 Channel Driver
load => chan_simpleusb.so ;			CM1xx USB Cards with Radio Interface Channel Driver (No DSP)
noload => chan_sip.so ;				Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
noload => chan_tlb.so ;				TheLinkBox Channel Driver
noload => chan_usbradio.so ;			CM1xx USB Cards with Radio Interface Channel Driver (DSP)
load => chan_usrp.so ;			GNU Radio interface USRP Channel Driver
noload => chan_voter.so ;			Radio Voter Channel Driver
 
; Codecs
 
; CODEC          AUDIO QUALITY   BANDWIDTH (including IP and Ethernet headers)
; ULAW           best            87 kilobits per second (kbps)
; ADPCM          good            55 kbps
; GSM            mediocre        36 kbps
; g726aal2
; ilbc
 
load => codec_adpcm.so ;			Adaptive Differential PCM Coder/Decoder
load => codec_alaw.so ;				A-law Coder/Decoder
load => codec_a_mu.so ;				A-law and Mulaw direct Coder/Decoder
noload => codec_dahdi.so ;			Generic DAHDI Transcoder Codec Translato
load => codec_g726.so ;				ITU G.726-32kbps G726 Transcoder
load => codec_gsm.so ;				GSM Coder/Decoder
load => codec_ulaw.so ;				mu-Law Coder/Decoder
noload => codec_ilbc.so ;			http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec
 
; Formats
 
load => format_g723.so ;			G.723.1 Simple Timestamp File Format
load => format_g726.so ;			Raw G.726 (16/24/32/40kbps) data
load => format_g729.so ;			Raw G729 data
load => format_gsm.so ;				Raw GSM data
load => format_h263.so ;			Raw H.263 data
load => format_h264.so ;			Raw H.264 data
load => format_ilbc.so ;			Raw iLBC data
noload => format_jpeg.so ;			JPEG (Joint Picture Experts Group) Image
load => format_pcm.so ;				Raw/Sun uLaw/ALaw 8KHz (PCM,PCMA,AU), G.
load => format_sln.so ;				Raw Signed Linear Audio support (SLN)
load => format_vox.so ;				Dialogic VOX (ADPCM) File Format
load => format_wav_gsm.so ;			Microsoft WAV format (Proprietary GSM)
load => format_wav.so ;				Microsoft WAV format (8000Hz Signed Line
 
; Functions
 
load => func_base64.so ;			base64 encode/decode dialplan functions
load => func_callerid.so ;			Caller ID related dialplan function
load => func_cdr.so ;				CDR dialplan function
load => func_channel.so ;			Channel information dialplan function
load => func_curl.so ;				Load external URL
load => func_cut.so ;				Cut out information from a string
load => func_db.so ;				Database (astdb) related dialplan functi
load => func_enum.so ;				ENUM related dialplan functions
load => func_env.so ;				Environment/filesystem dialplan function
load => func_global.so ;			Global variable dialplan functions
load => func_groupcount.so ;			Channel group dialplan functions
load => func_language.so ;			Channel language dialplan function
load => func_logic.so ;				Logical dialplan functions
load => func_math.so ;				Mathematical dialplan function
load => func_md5.so ;				MD5 digest dialplan functions
load => func_moh.so ;				Music-on-hold dialplan function
load => func_rand.so ;				Random number dialplan function
load => func_realtime.so ;			Read/Write values from a RealTime reposi
noload => func_sha1.so ;			SHA-1 computation dialplan function
noload => func_strings.so ;			String handling dialplan functions
noload => func_timeout.so ;			Channel timeout dialplan functions
noload => func_uri.so ;				URI encode/decode dialplan functions
 
; PBX
 
noload => pbx_ael.so ;				Asterisk Extension Language Compiler
load => pbx_config.so ;				Text Extension Configuration
noload => pbx_dundi.so ;			Distributed Universal Number Discovery (
noload => pbx_loopback.so ;			Loopback Switch
noload => pbx_realtime.so ;			Realtime Switch
noload => pbx_spool.so ;			Outgoing Spool Support
 
; Resources
 
load => res_adsi.so ;				ADSI Resource
noload => res_agi.so ;				Asterisk Gateway Interface (AGI)
noload => res_clioriginate.so ;			Call origination from the CLI
noload => res_convert.so ;			File format conversion CLI command
load => res_crypto.so ;				Cryptographic Digital Signatures
load => res_features.so ;			Call Features Resource
load => res_indications.so ;			Indications Resource
noload => res_jabber.so ;			AJI - Asterisk Jabber Interface
noload => res_monitor.so ;			Call Monitoring Resource
noload => res_musiconhold.so ;			Music On Hold Resource
load => res_smdi.so ;				Simplified Message Desk Interface (SMDI)
noload => res_snmp.so ;				SNMP [Sub]Agent for Asterisk
noload => res_speech.so ;			Generic Speech Recognition API
 
[global]

/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf after bridging added

[general]
 
static = yes       ; These two lines prevent the command-line interface
writeprotect = yes ; from overwriting the config file. Leave them here.
 
[globals]
HOMENPA = 999 ; change this to your Area Code
NODE = 48148   ; change this to your node number
NODE1 = 1999
 
[default]
 
exten => i,1,Hangup
 
[radio-secure]
exten => ${NODE},1,rpt,${NODE}
exten => ${NODE1},1,rpt,${NODE1}
 
[iaxrpt]                                ; entered from iaxrpt in iax.conf
exten => ${NODE},1,rpt(${NODE}|X)       ; NODE is the Name field in iaxrpt
                                        ; Info: The X option passed to the Rpt application
                                        ; disables the normal security checks.
                                        ; Because incoming connections are validated in iax.conf,
                                        ; and we don't know where the user will be coming from in advance,
                                        ; the X option is required.
 
[iax-client]				; for IAX VIOP clients.				
exten => ${NODE},1,Ringing
exten => ${NODE},n,Wait(3)
exten => ${NODE},n,Answer
exten => ${NODE},n,Set(NODENUM=${CALLERID(number)})
exten => ${NODE},n,Playback(rpt/node|noanswer)
exten => ${NODE},n,SayDigits(${EXTEN})
exten => ${NODE},n,Set(CALLERID(num)=0)
exten => ${NODE},n,Rpt,${NODE}|P|${CALLERID(name)}
exten => ${NODE},n,Hangup
exten => ${NODE},n(hangit),Answer
exten => ${NODE},n(hangit),Wait(1)
exten => ${NODE},n(hangit),Hangup
 
; Comment-out the following clause if you want Allstar Autopatch service
[pstn-out]
exten = _NXXNXXXXXX,1,playback(ss-noservice)
exten = _NXXNXXXXXX,2,Congestion
 
; Un-comment out the following clause if you want Allstar Autopatch service
;[pstn-out]
;exten = _NXXNXXXXXX,1,Dial(IAX2/allstar-autopatch/\${EXTEN})
;exten = _NXXNXXXXXX,2,Busy
 
[invalidnum]
exten = s,1,Wait,3
exten = s,n,Playback,ss-noservice
exten = s,n,Wait,1
exten =  s,n,Hangup
 
[radio]
exten = _X11,1,Goto(check_route|${EXTEN}|1);
exten = _NXXXXXX,1,Goto(check_route|1${HOMENPA}${EXTEN}|1)
exten = _1XXXXXXXXXX,1,Goto(check_route|${EXTEN}|1)
exten = _07XX,1,Goto(parkedcalls|${EXTEN:1}|1)
exten = 00,1,Goto(my-ip|s|1)
 
[check_route]
exten =_X.,1,Noop(${EXTEN})
; no 800
exten = _1800NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
exten = _1888NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
exten = _1877NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
exten = _1866NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
exten = _1855NXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no X00 NPA
exten = _1X00XXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no X11 NPA
exten = _1X11XXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no X11 
exten = _X11,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no 555 Prefix in any NPA
exten = _1NXX555XXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no 976 Prefix in any NPA
exten = _1NXX976XXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no NPA=809
exten = _1809XXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
; no NPA=900
exten = _1900XXXXXXX,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
 
; okay, route it
exten = _1NXXXXXXXXX,2,Goto(pstn-out|${EXTEN:1}|1)
exten = _X.,2,Goto(invalidnum|s|1)
 
[my-ip]
exten = s,1,Set(MYADDR=${CURL(http://myip.vg)})
exten = s,2,Wait,1
exten = s,3,SayAlpha(${MYADDR})
exten = s,4,Hangup
 
[allstar-sys]
exten => _1.,1,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|Rrpt/node:NODE:rpt/in-call:digits/0:PARKED|120)
exten => _1.,n,Hangup
 
exten => _2.,1,Ringing
exten => _2.,n,Wait(3)
exten => _2.,n,Answer
exten => _2.,n,Playback(rpt/node)
exten => _2.,n,Saydigits(${EXTEN:1})
exten => _2.,n,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|P|${CALLERID(name)}-P)
exten => _2.,n,Hangup
 
exten => _3.,1,Ringing
exten => _3.,n,Wait(3)
exten => _3.,n,Answer
exten => _3.,n,Playback(rpt/node)
exten => _3.,n,Saydigits(${EXTEN:1})
exten => _3.,n,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|Pv|${CALLERID(name)}-P)
exten => _3.,n,Hangup
 
exten => _4.,1,Ringing
exten => _4.,n,Wait(3)
exten => _4.,n,Answer
exten => _4.,n,Playback(rpt/node)
exten => _4.,n,Saydigits(${EXTEN:1})
exten => _4.,n,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|D|${CALLERID(name)}-P)
exten => _4.,n,Hangup
 
exten => _5.,1,Ringing
exten => _5.,n,Wait(3)
exten => _5.,n,Answer
exten => _5.,n,Playback(rpt/node)
exten => _5.,n,Saydigits(${EXTEN:1})
exten => _5.,n,Rpt(${EXTEN:1}|Dv|${CALLERID(name)}-P)
exten => _5.,n,Hangup
 
[allstar-public]
 
exten => s,1,Ringing
exten => s,n,Set(RESP=${CURL(https://register.allstarlink.org/cgi-bin/authwebphone.pl?${CALLERID(name)})})
exten => s,n,Set(NODENUM=${CALLERID(number)})
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${RESP:0:1}" = "?"]?hangit)
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${RESP:0:1}" = ""]?hangit)
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${RESP:0:5}" != "OHYES"]?hangit)
exten => s,n,Set(CALLSIGN=${RESP:5})
exten => s,n,Wait(3)
exten => s,n,Playback(rpt/node|noanswer)
exten => s,n,Saydigits(${NODENUM})
exten => s,n,Set(CALLERID(name)=${CALLSIGN})
exten => s,n,Set(CALLERID(num)=0)
exten => s,n,Rpt(${NODENUM}|X)
exten => s,n,Hangup
exten => s,n(hangit),Answer
exten => s,n(hangit),Wait(1)
exten => s,n(hangit),Hangup
 
#includeifexists custom/extensions.conf

The next bit was more tricky on an old Debian Buster ASL Beta image that hadn't been updated/upgraded in a long time….

Installing DVswitch

Installing DVSwitch was a bit convoluted, as my old version of the ASL Beta 2.0.0 wasn't up to date… and needed some work to add necessary APT gpg keys, and adding the dvswitch repository.

apt-get update –allow-releaseinfo-change to accept the release name change

Adding DVSwitch repository keys

As root :

apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 0E98404D386FA1D9
 
apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 6ED0E7B82643E131
 
curl -s http://apt.allstarlink.org/repos/repo_signing.key | apt-key add - && apt update
 
wget http://dvswitch.org/buster
 
chmod +x buster
 
./buster
 
apt-get update
 
apt-get install dvswitch

Configuring DVSwitch

The changes were made to the existing asterisk configs, as per the pdf document, then DVSwitch was installed, and then the pdf document was followed again to make the necessary configs to:

/opt/Analog_Bridge/Analog_Bridge.ini

and

/opt/MMDVM_Bridge/MMDVM_Bridge.ini

everything seemed to work okay - although there I think one of the UDP ports was initially wrong for the USRP traffic in Analog_Bridge.ini and I had to double check by looking in

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf

[1999]
rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:31001

and setting Analog_Bridge.ini to match:

[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1              
txPort = 31001                        
rxPort = 34001

Testing

I initially set the MMDVM_Bridge to connect to Brandmeister and Analog_Bridge to send traffic to TG2354429 (an ad hoc TG with my DMR ID).

in the asterisk CLI issue the command to link the main node 48148 with the internal private node 1999 to complete the bridge:

rpt cmd 2100 ilink 3 1999

transmit on the VHF FM input to the Gateway and listen on a DMR radio via my DMR hotspot connected to Brandmeister TG2354429 and the DMR radio sprang into life with my DMR ID….

transmit on the DMR radio, via the hotspot to Brandmeister and the VHF FM handheld carried the audio from the DMR radio.

I also tried setting MMDVM_Bridge to connect to DVS-Ph F and used the Options=TS2_1=842 to set TG842 as static. Setting Analog_Bridge to use TG 842 and once more the traffic was bi-directional Allstar ↔ DMR

So Far So Good

To boost the audio via the bridge

Analog_Bridge.ini to change from AUDIO_UNITY to AUDIO_USE_GAIN

[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1                     
txPort = 31001                         
rxPort = 34001                       
usrpAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN            
usrpGain = 3                        
;usrpAGC = -20,10,100                 
tlvAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN                
tlvGain = 0.35

I set the various DVSwitch things to be enabled or disabled:

systemctl enable asterisk
systemctl enable analog_bridge
systemctl disable md380-emu
systemctl enable mmdvm_bridge

Later I found the other bridges available (P25, YSF, NXDN etc) were running, but not configured, so I used systemctl to disable them.

Allmon2 / supermon

I added the new node 1999 to allmon2 and supermon, so I can control/monitor the bridging via the web.

/var/www/html/allmon2/allmon.ini.php

[48148]
host=127.0.0.1:5038
user=admin
passwd=xxxx
nomenu=no
hideNodeURL=no
 
 
[1999]
host=127.0.0.1:5038
user=admin
passwd=XXXX
nomenu=no
hideNodeURL=no
 
[Grouped Nodes]
nodes=48148,1999
 
[lsNodes]
url = "/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=48148"
;url = "/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=481480"
menu = yes

/var/www/html/supermon/allmon.ini

[48148]
host = 127.0.0.1:5038
user = admin
passwd = XXXX
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
 
[1999]
host = 127.0.0.1:5038
user = admin
passwd = XXXX
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
 
[All Nodes]
nodes = 48148,1999
menu = yes

— John Pumford-Green 03/06/25 17:55 BST

Further Information

radio, allstar, mmdvm, dvswitch

NXDN Bridging

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

NXDN Bridging

A change from DMR!

Overview of IP UDP ports

    Asterisk              Analog_Bridge           DVSwitch                  NXDNGateway
    ========              =============           MMDVM_Bridge              ===========
                                                  ============
                                                  
    [node]                [USPR]
    rxPort 31001 <------- txPort 31001
    txPort 34001 -------> rxPort 34001
                             ↓ ↑
                          [md380-emu]:2470
                             ↓ ↑
                          [AMBE]                [NXDN]
                          txPort 33103 ------>  rxPort 33103
                          rxPort 33100 <------  txPort 33100
                                                  ↓ ↑
                                                [NXDN Network]              [General]
                                                LocalPort   14021   <-----  RptPort   14021
                                                GatewayPort 14020   ----->  LocalPort 14020
                                                                                ↓ ↑
                                                                            [Network]
                                                                            Host IP/Port obtained from hostfiles
                                                                            by reference to Analog_Bridge txTG=xxxx

The main Things

Make sure Analog_Bridge.ini has the correct txPort and rxPort in its [USRP] section

[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1           ; IP address of USRP partner (Analog_Reflector, Allstar/Asterisk or another Analog_Bridge)
txPort = 31001                ; Transmit USRP frames on this port
rxPort = 34001                ; Listen for USRP frames on this port

It should match Asterisk's private node as defined in /etc/asterisk/rpt.conf - in this case it's [1398]

[1398]
rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:31001 ; Use the USRP channel driver. Must be enabled in modules.conf
 ; 127.0.0.1 = IP of the target application
 ; 34001 = UDP port the target application is listening on
 ; 32001 = UDP port ASL is listening on

Make Sure Analog_Bridge.ini has the correct txPort and rxPort in its [AMBE] section

[AMBE_AUDIO]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of xx_Bridge
; For DMR  - match the ports set in DVSwitch.ini
;txPort = 31103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
;rxPort = 31100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port

; FOr NXDN - match the ports set in DVSwitch.ini
txPort = 33103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
rxPort = 33100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port
ambeMode = NXDN                          ; DMR, DMR_IPSC, DSTAR, NXDN, P25, YSFN, YSFW (encode PCM to this format)

should match the ports in DVSwitch.ini [NXDN] section

; Configure the NXDN Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[NXDN]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 33100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 33103                  ; Port to listen on (import)

Disable [DMR] in MMDVM_Bridge.ini

[DMR]
Enable=0
ColorCode=1
EmbeddedLCOnly=1
DumpTAData=0

Enable [NXDN] in MMDVM_Bridge.ini and set your own NXDN ID number

[NXDN]
Enable=1
RAN=1
Id=7485

Set Fallback IDs in DVSwitch.ini

fallbackID = 2354429            ; In case we can not find a valid DMR id in the database, export this one
nxdnFallbackID  = 7485         ; Use this ID when the input DMR ID is not found in the database

Set Callsign in NXDNGateway.ini

[General]
Callsign=GM4SLV
Suffix=NXDN

I don't know what Suffix means, I left it as found
Set the NXDN talkgroup in Analog_Bridge.ini
NXDN Talkgroups are listed here : https://www.pistar.uk/nxdn_reflectors.php
- A Talkgroup actually seems to specify a particular reflector IP address/Hostname & UDP port
- These are retrieved by NXDNGateway from the hostfile : /var/lib/mmdvm/NXDNHosts.txt
- Setting the txTG=23551 in Analog_Bridge.ini causes NXDNGateway to make a connection to the relevant reflector when you send traffic by keying up.
- For example TG23551 (Scot-Multi) appears in NXDNHosts.txt as:

23551   nxdnscotland.ddns.net   41400

Having txTG=23551 in Analog_Bridge.ini causes DVSwitch to connect, and start to flow packets, with nxdnscotland.ddns.net:41400
Another source of info https://dvref.com/nxdn/
- TG23551 : https://dvref.com/nxdn/nxdn-23551

Updating DVSwitch Hostfiles

DVSwtich keep its hostfiles in /var/lib/mmdvm and updates via cron.daily/DVSM_Update which calls /opt/MMDVM_Bridge/dvswitch.sh update
This tries to download hostfiles from various places using curl
It seems to fail most of the time due to a SSL problem
A workaround is to put “insecure” in root's ~/.curlrc

 
gm4slv@node481482:~$ sudo su -
 
root@node481482:~# echo insecure >> ~/.curlrc
 
root@node481482:~# /opt/MMDVM_Bridge/dvswitch.sh update

DVSwitch.ini

; MMDVM_Bridge export / import configuration file.
;   This file should be placed along side of MMDVM_Bridge or you can supply
;   an absolute path in the DVSWITCH environment variable, e.g:
;   DVSWITCH=/etc/MMDVM_Bridge/DVSwitch.ini
;   before executing MMDVM_Bridge
;
; Another method to set the enviorment variable is to use the systemd unit file
; by adding:
; Environment=DVSWITCH=/etc/MMDVM_Bridge/DVSwitch.ini
; to /lib/systemd/system/mmdvm_bridge.service

; Configure the Quantar Repeater Partner
; Note that the TX and RX ports are already reversed for MMDVM_Bridge <--> Quantar_Bridge
[QUANTAR]
address = 0.0.0.0               ; Address to send IMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 34103                  ; Port to send IMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 34100                  ; Port to listen for IMBE TLV frames on (import)
quantarPort = 1994              ; HDLC frames To/From the Quantar repeater
debug = 0                       ; Debug 0 = off, 1 = on (adds lots of additional messages)
logLevel = 2                    ; Logging levels, 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal
logFilePath = /var/log/dvswitch/Quantar_Bridge.log

; Configure the DMR Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[DMR]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 31100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 31103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
exportTG = 0                    ; Which TG to export 
hangTimerInFrames = 0		; Use 50 for 3 seconds of hang time (3000 / 60) 
talkerAlias = %callsign %location %description ; Get callsign location and description from MMDVM_Bridge.ini

; Configure the D-Star Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 48 bit (DSAMBE)
[DSTAR]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 32100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 32103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
fallbackID = 1234567            ; In case we can not find a valid DMR id in the database, export this one
exportTG = 9                    ; Which TG to export
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
RemotePort = 54321		; Port to send Gateway commands to
message = %location %description ; Get location and description from MMDVM_Bridge.ini

; Configure the NXDN Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[NXDN]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 33100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 33103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
fallbackID = 2354429            ; In case we can not find a valid DMR id in the database, export this one
nxdnFallbackID  = 7485         ; Use this ID when the input DMR ID is not found in the database
translate = 1234=4321           ; Translate NXDN TG < -- > DMR TG (bidirectional)
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
RemotePort = 6075		; Port to send Gateway commands to

; Configure the P25 Partner
; Audio format is IMBE 88 bit
[P25]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 34100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 34103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
RemotePort = 6074		; Port to send Gateway commands to

; Configure the Yaesu Fusion Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
; Audio format is IMBE 88 bit
[YSF]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 35100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 35103                  ; Port to listen on (import)
txWidePort = 35105		; Port to send IMBE TLV frames to for YSFw (export)
fallbackID = 1234567            ; In case we can not find a valid DMR id in the database, export this one
exportTG = 9                    ; Which TG to export
slot = 2                        ; Export slot
RemotePort = 6073		; Port to send Gateway commands to

; Configure the BrandMeister connection
; Simple Terminal Feature Update
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[STFU]                          ; Brandmeister Open DMR Terminal (ODMRT) Protocol
BMAddress = 3102.repeater.net   ; Brandmeister ODMRT server address
BMPort = 54006                  ; Brandmeister ODMRT port
BMPassword = passw0rd           ; Your Brandmeister password
Address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort  = 36100                 ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort  = 36103                 ; Port to listen on (import)
UserID  = 1234567               ; Your DMR ID
TalkerAlias = N0CALL Name City  ; Max 27 characters
StartTG = 3166                  ; Startup talk group
LogLevel = 3                    ; STFU log level (0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error)
 
[ASL]
address = 127.0.0.1
txPort = 30100
rxPort = 30103

MMDVM_Bridge.ini

[General]
Callsign=GM4SLV
Id=235442998
Timeout=180
Duplex=0
 
[Info]
RXFrequency=144900000
TXFrequency=144900000
Power=1
Latitude=60.2885
Longitude=-1.425
Height=0
Location="GM4SLV Bridge2"
Description=MMDVM_Bridge
URL=https://gm4slv.org.uk
 
[Log]
# Logging levels, 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal
DisplayLevel=1
FileLevel=2
FilePath=/var/log/mmdvm
FileRoot=MMDVM_Bridge
 
[DMR Id Lookup]
File=/var/lib/mmdvm/DMRIds.dat
Time=24
 
[NXDN Id Lookup]
File=/var/lib/mmdvm/NXDN.csv
Time=24
 
[Modem]
Port=/dev/null
RSSIMappingFile=/dev/null
Trace=0
Debug=0
 
[D-Star]
Enable=0
Module=B
 
[DMR]
Enable=0
ColorCode=1
EmbeddedLCOnly=1
DumpTAData=0
 
[System Fusion]
Enable=0
 
[P25]
Enable=0
NAC=293
 
[NXDN]
Enable=1
RAN=1
Id=7485
 
[D-Star Network]
Enable=0
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=20010
LocalPort=20011
Debug=0
 
[DMR Network]
Enable=0

; TGIF
;Address=tgif.network
;Port=62031
;TGIF Password for 2354435
;Password=XXXXXXXXX
; TGIF Password for 2354429
;Password=XXXXXXXXX

; Brandmeister
Address=2341.master.brandmeister.network
Password=XXXXXXX
Port=62031
 
Jitter=750
Local=62032

; FOR DVS_Ph F
;Address=78.129.135.43
;Port=55555
;Password=PASSWORD
;Options=StartRef=4000;RelinkTime=0;UserLink=0;TS1_1=733;
 
Slot1=0
Slot2=1
Debug=0
 
[System Fusion Network]
Enable=0
LocalAddress=0
LocalPort=3200
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=4200
Debug=0
 
[P25 Network]
Enable=0
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=42020
LocalPort=32010
Debug=0
 
[NXDN Network]
Enable=1
#LocalAddress=127.0.0.1
Debug=1
LocalPort=14021
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=14020

NXDNGateway.ini

[General]
Callsign=GM4SLV
Suffix=NXDN
# The next four lines are for a Kenwood repeater
# RptProtocol=Kenwood
# RptAddress=1.2.3.4
# RptPort=64000
# LocalPort=64000
# The next four lines are for an Icom repeater
# RptProtocol=Icom
# RptAddress=1.2.3.4
# RptPort=41300
# LocalPort=41300
# The next four lines are for an MMDVM
RptProtocol=Icom
RptAddress=127.0.0.1
RptPort=14021
LocalPort=14020
Debug=0
Daemon=0
 
[Info]
RXFrequency=223500000
TXFrequency=223500000
Power=1
Latitude=41.7333
Longitude=-50.3999
Height=0
Location=Iceberg
Description=DVSwitch
URL=https://groups.io/g/DVSwitch
 
[Voice]
Enabled=1
Language=en_GB
Directory=./Audio
 
[aprs.fi]
Enable=0
# Server=noam.aprs2.net
Server=euro.aprs2.net
Port=14580
Password=9999
Description=APRS Description
Suffix=N
 
[Id Lookup]
Name=/var/lib/mmdvm/NXDN.csv
Time=24
 
[Log]
# Logging levels, 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal
DisplayLevel=1
FileLevel=2
FilePath=/var/log/mmdvm
FileRoot=NXDNGateway
 
[Network]
Port=14050
HostsFile1=/var/lib/mmdvm/NXDNHosts.txt
HostsFile2=/var/lib/mmdvm/private_NXDNHosts.txt
ReloadTime=60
ParrotAddress=127.0.0.1
ParrotPort=42021
NXDN2DMRAddress=127.0.0.1
NXDN2DMRPort=42022
# Startup=10200
InactivityTimeout=0
Debug=0
 
[Mobile GPS]
Enable=0
Address=127.0.0.1
Port=7834
 
[Remote Commands]
Enable=1
Port=6075

Analog_Bridge.ini

; Analog_Bridge configuration file.
;   This file should be placed in either /etc or it can be
;   supplied as a path on the Analog_Bridge command line.

; The best way to think of this file is that there are two main sections, the USRP (analog audio) and
; AMBE_AUDIO (compressed audio).  Analog_Bridge will take everything sent to the USRP port and
; encode it for transmission on the AMBE_AUDIO port.  The encoder will use the format defined in ambeMode.
; As you might expect, the reverse direction is defined too.

; Analog_Bridge supports include files. More on this later...
include = dvsm.macro
; include = asl.macro

; General Section describes settings for Analog_Bridge itself.
[GENERAL]
logLevel = 2                            ; Show messages and above 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal

; Metadata management
exportMetadata = true                   ; Export metadata to USRP partner (transcode setups require this)
transferRootDir = /tmp			; Export database files to USRP partner
subscriberFile = /var/lib/dvswitch/subscriber_ids.csv   ; DMR ID to callsign lookup data

; General vocoder setup information
decoderFallBack = true                  ; Allow software AMBE decoding if a hardware decoder is not found
useEmulator = true                     ; Use the MD380 AMBE emulator for AMBE72 (DMR/YSFN/NXDN)
emulatorAddress = 127.0.0.1:2470        ; IP address and port of the md380 server
 
pcmPort = 2222				; UDP port to send to the WebProxy

; Information for xx_Bridge (Where xx is MMDVM, Quantar, HB, IPSC)
[AMBE_AUDIO]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of xx_Bridge
; For DMR - set in DVSwitch.ini
;txPort = 31103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
;rxPort = 31100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port

; FOr NXDN - set in DVSwitch.ini
txPort = 33103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
rxPort = 33100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port
ambeMode = NXDN                          ; DMR, DMR_IPSC, DSTAR, NXDN, P25, YSFN, YSFW (encode PCM to this format)
minTxTimeMS = 2500                      ; Analog -> Digital Minimum time in MS for hang delay (0-10000)

; The metadata below is used when ASL is the source since it does not have any concept of digital modes
gatewayDmrId = 2354429                  ; ID to use when transmitting from Analog_Bridge 7 digit ID
repeaterID = 235442998                  ; ID of source repeater 7 digit ID plus 2 digit SSID 
; Talkgroup needed for DMR and NXDN.
; NXDNGateway uses Talkgroup to choose the reflector IP/Port from its Host Files
txTg = 23551                        ; TG to use for all frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
txTs = 2                                ; Slot to use for frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
colorCode = 1                           ; Color Code to assign DMR frames

; Information for USRP channel driver.  This interface uses PCM to transfer audio information
; There are two typical configurations, ASL and Transcode.  ASL (AllstarLink) is for analog clients connected
; to a digital network.  Transcode is when Analog_Bridge actually points its PCM interfaces back at itself, 
; causing a TLV <-- (pcm <--> pcm) --> TLV type of architecture.
;   When using ASL, this matches the rpt.conf ASL file with a setting like:
;   rxchannel = usrp/127.0.0.1:34001:32001
;   When Transcoding, make two ini files and set txPort equal to the other instance rxPort (crossover).  Launch
;   each instance with its own ini file.
[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of USRP partner (Analog_Reflector, Allstar/Asterisk or another Analog_Bridge)
txPort = 31001                          ; Transmit USRP frames on this port
rxPort = 34001                          ; Listen for USRP frames on this port
usrpAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN                 ; Digital -> Analog (AUDIO_UNITY, AUDIO_USE_GAIN, AUDIO_USE_AGC)
usrpGain = 5.0                         ; Gain factor when usrpAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN (0.0 to 5.0) (1.0 = AUDIO_UNITY)
usrpAGC = -20,10,100                    ; Set the agc threshold (db), slope (db) and decay (ms)
tlvAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN                  ; Analog -> Digital (AUDIO_UNITY, AUDIO_USE_GAIN, AUDIO_BPF)
tlvGain = 1.0                          ; Gain factor when tlvAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN (0.0 to 5.0) (1.0 = AUDIO_UNITY)
 
[MACROS]

; Where the macros are
; xxxx=yyyy
; xxxx is the dial string to match
; yyyy is the command line to execute

; xxxx must be preceded by a *
; xxxx can be any string (alphanumeric)
; yyyy is the command to execute
; yyyy will replace xxxx in the dial string
; arguments follow the macro name with a # delimiter

; For example using macro "5678" above would look like:
; *5678#9876

; Which would invoke:
; echo 9876

; Information for DV3000 hardware decoder
;   There are two configuration modes: IP (AMBEServer) and serial (direct connect hardware)
;   Use top server and port if using AMBEServer
;   Use bottom server/port and serial = true if using the DV3000u (thumbdv)
;   Did you run AMBETest4.py before using this?
[DV3000]
address = 127.0.0.1                   ; IP address of AMBEServer
rxPort = 2460                         ; Port of AMBEServer
; address = /dev/ttyUSB0              ; Device of DV3000U on this machine
; baud = 460800                       ; Baud rate of the dongle (230400 or 460800)
; serial = true                       ; Use serial=true for direct connect or serial=false for AMBEServer

— John Pumford-Green 10/06/25 08:51 BST

Further Information

radio, AllStar, dvswitch, nxdn

Formatting Syntax

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 04 Mar 2025 06:44:15 +0000

Formatting Syntax

DokuWiki supports some simple markup language, which tries to make the datafiles to be as readable as possible. This page contains all possible syntax you may use when editing the pages. Simply have a look at the source of this page by pressing “Edit this page”. If you want to try something, just use the playground page. The simpler markup is easily accessible via quickbuttons, too.

Basic Text Formatting

DokuWiki supports bold, italic, underlined and monospaced texts. Of course you can combine all these.

DokuWiki supports **bold**, //italic//, __underlined__ and ''monospaced'' texts.
Of course you can **__//''combine''//__** all these.

You can use _subscript and ^superscript, too.

You can use <sub>subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup>, too.

You can mark something as ~~deleted~~ as well.

You can mark something as <del>deleted</del> as well.

Paragraphs are created from blank lines. If you want to force a newline without a paragraph, you can use two backslashes followed by a whitespace or the end of line.

This is some text with some linebreaks
Note that the two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line
or followed by
a whitespace \\this happens without it.

This is some text with some linebreaks\\ Note that the
two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line\\
or followed by\\ a whitespace \\this happens without it.

You should use forced newlines only if really needed.

Links

DokuWiki supports multiple ways of creating links.

External

External links are recognized automagically: http://www.google.com or simply www.google.com - You can set the link text as well: This Link points to google. Email addresses like this one: andi@splitbrain.org are recognized, too.

DokuWiki supports multiple ways of creating links. External links are recognized
automagically: http://www.google.com or simply www.google.com - You can set
link text as well: [[http://www.google.com|This Link points to google]]. Email
addresses like this one: <andi@splitbrain.org> are recognized, too.

Internal

Internal links are created by using square brackets. You can either just give a pagename or use an additional link text.

Internal links are created by using square brackets. You can either just give
a [[pagename]] or use an additional [[pagename|link text]].

Wiki pagenames are converted to lowercase automatically, special characters are not allowed.

You can use namespaces by using a colon in the pagename.

You can use [[some:namespaces]] by using a colon in the pagename.

For details about namespaces see namespaces.

Linking to a specific section is possible, too. Just add the section name behind a hash character as known from HTML. This links to this Section.

This links to [[syntax#internal|this Section]].

Notes:

Links to existing pages are shown in a different style from nonexisting ones.
DokuWiki does not use CamelCase to automatically create links by default, but this behavior can be enabled in the config file. Hint: If DokuWiki is a link, then it's enabled.
When a section's heading is changed, its bookmark changes, too. So don't rely on section linking too much.

Interwiki

DokuWiki supports Interwiki links. These are quick links to other Wikis. For example this is a link to Wikipedia's page about Wikis: Wiki.

DokuWiki supports [[doku>Interwiki]] links. These are quick links to other Wikis.
For example this is a link to Wikipedia's page about Wikis: [[wp>Wiki]].

Windows Shares

Windows shares like this are recognized, too. Please note that these only make sense in a homogeneous user group like a corporate Intranet.

Windows Shares like [[\\server\share|this]] are recognized, too.

Notes:

For security reasons direct browsing of windows shares only works in Microsoft Internet Explorer per default (and only in the “local zone”).
For Mozilla and Firefox it can be enabled through different workaround mentioned in the Mozilla Knowledge Base. However, there will still be a JavaScript warning about trying to open a Windows Share. To remove this warning (for all users), put the following line in conf/lang/en/lang.php (more details at localization):
conf/lang/en/lang.php
```
<?php
/**
 * Customization of the english language file
 * Copy only the strings that needs to be modified
 */
$lang['js']['nosmblinks'] = '';
```

Image Links

You can also use an image to link to another internal or external page by combining the syntax for links and images (see below) like this:

[[http://php.net|{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}]]

Please note: The image formatting is the only formatting syntax accepted in link names.

The whole image and link syntax is supported (including image resizing, internal and external images and URLs and interwiki links).

Footnotes

You can add footnotes ²⁾ by using double parentheses.

You can add footnotes ((This is a footnote)) by using double parentheses.

Sectioning

You can use up to five different levels of headlines to structure your content. If you have more than three headlines, a table of contents is generated automatically – this can be disabled by including the string ~~NOTOC~~ in the document.

Headline Level 3

Headline Level 4

Headline Level 5

==== Headline Level 3 ====
=== Headline Level 4 ===
== Headline Level 5 ==

By using four or more dashes, you can make a horizontal line:

Media Files

You can include external and internal images, videos and audio files with curly brackets. Optionally you can specify the size of them.

Real size:

Resize to given width:

Resize to given width and height³⁾:

Resized external image:

Real size:                        {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
Resize to given width:            {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?50}}
Resize to given width and height: {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?200x50}}
Resized external image:           {{https://www.php.net/images/php.gif?200x50}}

By using left or right whitespaces you can choose the alignment.

{{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png }}
{{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png }}

Of course, you can add a title (displayed as a tooltip by most browsers), too.

{{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png |This is the caption}}

For linking an image to another page see Image Links above.

Supported Media Formats

DokuWiki can embed the following media formats directly.

Image	`gif`, `jpg`, `png`
Video	`webm`, `ogv`, `mp4`
Audio	`ogg`, `mp3`, `wav`
Flash	`swf`

If you specify a filename that is not a supported media format, then it will be displayed as a link instead.

By adding ?linkonly you provide a link to the media without displaying it inline

{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?linkonly}}

dokuwiki-128.png This is just a link to the image.

Fallback Formats

Unfortunately not all browsers understand all video and audio formats. To mitigate the problem, you can upload your file in different formats for maximum browser compatibility.

For example consider this embedded mp4 video:

{{video.mp4|A funny video}}

When you upload a video.webm and video.ogv next to the referenced video.mp4, DokuWiki will automatically add them as alternatives so that one of the three files is understood by your browser.

Additionally DokuWiki supports a “poster” image which will be shown before the video has started. That image needs to have the same filename as the video and be either a jpg or png file. In the example above a video.jpg file would work.

Lists

Dokuwiki supports ordered and unordered lists. To create a list item, indent your text by two spaces and use a * for unordered lists or a - for ordered ones.

This is a list
The second item
- You may have different levels
Another item

The same list but ordered
Another item
1. Just use indention for deeper levels
That's it

  * This is a list
  * The second item
    * You may have different levels
  * Another item

  - The same list but ordered
  - Another item
    - Just use indention for deeper levels
  - That's it

Also take a look at the FAQ on list items.

Text Conversions

DokuWiki can convert certain pre-defined characters or strings into images or other text or HTML.

The text to image conversion is mainly done for smileys. And the text to HTML conversion is used for typography replacements, but can be configured to use other HTML as well.

Text to Image Conversions

DokuWiki converts commonly used emoticons to their graphical equivalents. Those Smileys and other images can be configured and extended. Here is an overview of Smileys included in DokuWiki:

8-)
8-O
:-(
:-)
=)
:-/
:-\
:-?
:-D
:-P
:-O
:-X
:-|
;-)
^_^
m(
:?:
:!:
LOL
FIXME
DELETEME

Text to HTML Conversions

Typography: DokuWiki can convert simple text characters to their typographically correct entities. Here is an example of recognized characters.

→ ← ↔ ⇒ ⇐ ⇔ » « – — 640×480 © ™ ® “He thought 'It's a man's world'…”

-> <- <-> => <= <=> >> << -- --- 640x480 (c) (tm) (r)
"He thought 'It's a man's world'..."

The same can be done to produce any kind of HTML, it just needs to be added to the pattern file.

There are three exceptions which do not come from that pattern file: multiplication entity (640×480), 'single' and “double quotes”. They can be turned off through a config option.

Quoting

Some times you want to mark some text to show it's a reply or comment. You can use the following syntax:

I think we should do it

> No we shouldn't

>> Well, I say we should

> Really?

>> Yes!

>>> Then lets do it!

I think we should do it

No we shouldn't

Well, I say we should

Really?

Yes!

Then lets do it!

Tables

DokuWiki supports a simple syntax to create tables.

Heading 1	Heading 2	Heading 3
Row 1 Col 1	Row 1 Col 2	Row 1 Col 3
Row 2 Col 1	some colspan (note the double pipe)
Row 3 Col 1	Row 3 Col 2	Row 3 Col 3

Table rows have to start and end with a | for normal rows or a ^ for headers.

^ Heading 1      ^ Heading 2       ^ Heading 3          ^
| Row 1 Col 1    | Row 1 Col 2     | Row 1 Col 3        |
| Row 2 Col 1    | some colspan (note the double pipe) ||
| Row 3 Col 1    | Row 3 Col 2     | Row 3 Col 3        |

To connect cells horizontally, just make the next cell completely empty as shown above. Be sure to have always the same amount of cell separators!

Vertical tableheaders are possible, too.

	Heading 1	Heading 2
Heading 3	Row 1 Col 2	Row 1 Col 3
Heading 4	no colspan this time
Heading 5	Row 2 Col 2	Row 2 Col 3

As you can see, it's the cell separator before a cell which decides about the formatting:

|              ^ Heading 1            ^ Heading 2          ^
^ Heading 3    | Row 1 Col 2          | Row 1 Col 3        |
^ Heading 4    | no colspan this time |                    |
^ Heading 5    | Row 2 Col 2          | Row 2 Col 3        |

You can have rowspans (vertically connected cells) by adding ::: into the cells below the one to which they should connect.

Heading 1	Heading 2	Heading 3
Row 1 Col 1	this cell spans vertically	Row 1 Col 3
Row 2 Col 1		Row 2 Col 3
Row 3 Col 1		Row 2 Col 3

Apart from the rowspan syntax those cells should not contain anything else.

^ Heading 1      ^ Heading 2                  ^ Heading 3          ^
| Row 1 Col 1    | this cell spans vertically | Row 1 Col 3        |
| Row 2 Col 1    | :::                        | Row 2 Col 3        |
| Row 3 Col 1    | :::                        | Row 2 Col 3        |

You can align the table contents, too. Just add at least two whitespaces at the opposite end of your text: Add two spaces on the left to align right, two spaces on the right to align left and two spaces at least at both ends for centered text.

Table with alignment
right	center	left
left	right	center
xxxxxxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxxxxxx

This is how it looks in the source:

^           Table with alignment           ^^^
|         right|    center    |left          |
|left          |         right|    center    |
| xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx |

Note: Vertical alignment is not supported.

No Formatting

If you need to display text exactly like it is typed (without any formatting), enclose the area either with <nowiki> tags or even simpler, with double percent signs %%.

This is some text which contains addresses like this: http://www.splitbrain.org and **formatting**, but nothing is done with it. The same is true for //__this__ text// with a smiley ;-).

<nowiki>
This is some text which contains addresses like this: http://www.splitbrain.org and **formatting**, but nothing is done with it.
</nowiki>
The same is true for %%//__this__ text// with a smiley ;-)%%.

Code Blocks

You can include code blocks into your documents by either indenting them by at least two spaces (like used for the previous examples) or by using the tags <code> or <file>.

This is text is indented by two spaces.

This is preformatted code all spaces are preserved: like              <-this

This is pretty much the same, but you could use it to show that you quoted a file.

Those blocks were created by this source:

  This is text is indented by two spaces.

<code>
This is preformatted code all spaces are preserved: like              <-this
</code>

<file>
This is pretty much the same, but you could use it to show that you quoted a file.
</file>

Syntax Highlighting

DokuWiki can highlight sourcecode, which makes it easier to read. It uses the GeSHi Generic Syntax Highlighter – so any language supported by GeSHi is supported. The syntax uses the same code and file blocks described in the previous section, but this time the name of the language syntax to be highlighted is included inside the tag, e.g. <code java> or <file java>.

/**
 * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that
 * simply displays "Hello World!" to the standard output.
 */
class HelloWorldApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello World!"); //Display the string.
    }
}

The following language strings are currently recognized: 4cs 6502acme 6502kickass 6502tasm 68000devpac abap actionscript3 actionscript ada aimms algol68 apache applescript apt_sources arm asm asp asymptote autoconf autohotkey autoit avisynth awk bascomavr bash basic4gl batch bf biblatex bibtex blitzbasic bnf boo caddcl cadlisp ceylon cfdg cfm chaiscript chapel cil c_loadrunner clojure c_mac cmake cobol coffeescript c cpp cpp-qt cpp-winapi csharp css cuesheet c_winapi dart dcl dcpu16 dcs delphi diff div dos dot d ecmascript eiffel email epc e erlang euphoria ezt f1 falcon fo fortran freebasic freeswitch fsharp gambas gdb genero genie gettext glsl gml gnuplot go groovy gwbasic haskell haxe hicest hq9plus html html4strict html5 icon idl ini inno intercal io ispfpanel java5 java javascript jcl j jquery julia kixtart klonec klonecpp kotlin latex lb ldif lisp llvm locobasic logtalk lolcode lotusformulas lotusscript lscript lsl2 lua m68k magiksf make mapbasic mathematica matlab mercury metapost mirc mk-61 mmix modula2 modula3 mpasm mxml mysql nagios netrexx newlisp nginx nimrod nsis oberon2 objc objeck ocaml-brief ocaml octave oobas oorexx oracle11 oracle8 oxygene oz parasail parigp pascal pcre perl6 perl per pf phix php-brief php pic16 pike pixelbender pli plsql postgresql postscript povray powerbuilder powershell proftpd progress prolog properties providex purebasic pycon pys60 python qbasic qml q racket rails rbs rebol reg rexx robots roff rpmspec rsplus ruby rust sas sass scala scheme scilab scl sdlbasic smalltalk smarty spark sparql sql sshconfig standardml stonescript swift systemverilog tclegg tcl teraterm texgraph text thinbasic tsql twig typoscript unicon upc urbi uscript vala vbnet vb vbscript vedit verilog vhdl vim visualfoxpro visualprolog whitespace whois winbatch wolfram xbasic xml xojo xorg_conf xpp yaml z80 zxbasic

There are additional advanced options available for syntax highlighting, such as highlighting lines or adding line numbers.

Downloadable Code Blocks

When you use the <code> or <file> syntax as above, you might want to make the shown code available for download as well. You can do this by specifying a file name after language code like this:

<file php myexample.php>
<?php echo "hello world!"; ?>
</file>

myexample.php

<?php echo "hello world!"; ?>

If you don't want any highlighting but want a downloadable file, specify a dash (-) as the language code: <code - myfile.foo>.

RSS/ATOM Feed Aggregation

DokuWiki can integrate data from external XML feeds. For parsing the XML feeds, SimplePie is used. All formats understood by SimplePie can be used in DokuWiki as well. You can influence the rendering by multiple additional space separated parameters:

Parameter	Description
any number	will be used as maximum number items to show, defaults to 8
reverse	display the last items in the feed first
author	show item authors names
date	show item dates
description	show the item description. All HTML tags will be stripped
nosort	do not sort the items in the feed
n[dhm]	refresh period, where d=days, h=hours, m=minutes. (e.g. 12h = 12 hours).

The refresh period defaults to 4 hours. Any value below 10 minutes will be treated as 10 minutes. DokuWiki will generally try to supply a cached version of a page, obviously this is inappropriate when the page contains dynamic external content. The parameter tells DokuWiki to re-render the page if it is more than refresh period since the page was last rendered.

By default the feed will be sorted by date, newest items first. You can sort it by oldest first using the reverse parameter, or display the feed as is with nosort.

Example:

{{rss>http://slashdot.org/index.rss 5 author date 1h }}

Scientists Find Sugar Deep In Our Galaxy by BeauHD (14/07/26 08:05 BST)
Over 200 Economists Say 'We Must Act Now' On AI's Economic Impact by BeauHD (14/07/26 04:30 BST)
Microsoft Promises To Fix Search With Major Windows 11 Overhaul by BeauHD (14/07/26 00:00 BST)
US Government Warns That Russia State Hackers Are Coming After Your Router by BeauHD (13/07/26 23:00 BST)
German Firm Files For Insolvency After Cybercriminals Shut Down Production For 6 Weeks by BeauHD (13/07/26 22:12 BST)

Control Macros

Some syntax influences how DokuWiki renders a page without creating any output it self. The following control macros are availble:

Macro	Description
~~NOTOC~~	If this macro is found on the page, no table of contents will be created
~~NOCACHE~~	DokuWiki caches all output by default. Sometimes this might not be wanted (eg. when the <php> syntax above is used), adding this macro will force DokuWiki to rerender a page on every call

Syntax Plugins

DokuWiki's syntax can be extended by Plugins. How the installed plugins are used is described on their appropriate description pages. The following syntax plugins are available in this particular DokuWiki installation:

Blockquote Plugin 2020-09-27 by Anika Henke (previous author: Gina Haeussge)
Write quotations in a semantically correct way
Blog 2023-10-24 by Michael Hamann, Michael Klier, Gina Haeussge
Use DokuWiki as blogging tool. (previous authors: Esther Brunner)
catlist plugin 2023-12-16 by Félix Faisant
List pages and namespaces recursively
Changes Plugin 2023-12-14 by Andreas Gohr
List the most recent changes of the wiki
Cloud Plugin 2023-02-11 by Michael Hamann, Michael Klier, Gina Haeussge
Displays the most used words in a word cloud.
color syntax plugin 2022-10-19 by Harald Hanche-Olsen
Write colored text in DokuWiki.
Comment Syntax support 2022-01-01 by Satoshi Sahara
Allow to use source comment syntax to leave edit instructions of the page. Comments are visible only in the source view, not rendered as any page elements.
config:htmlok Plugin 2023-07-12 by Luis Machuca Bezzaza
Enables raw HTML like the old 'config:htmlok' behaviour.
discussion plugin 2025-07-04 by Michael Hamann, Gerrit Uitslag, Gina Häussge, Christopher Smith, Michael Klier, Esther Brunner, Matthias Schulte
Provides discussion funtionality for wiki pages
Encrypted Passwords Plugin 2023-12-20 by Andreas Gohr
This plugin let you store 256 bit AES encrypted passwords in your DokuWiki pages. The password can be decrypted by clicking them (Javascript must be enabled).
folded plugin 2023-07-22 by Michael Hamann, Fabian van-de-l_Isle, Christopher Smith, Esther Brunner
Foldable page sections
iframe plugin 2023-08-17 by Christopher Smith
Allows external URLs to be loaded into an iframe in your DokuWiki page.
include plugin 2025-07-22 by Michael Hamann, Gina Häussge, Christopher Smith, Michael Klier, Esther Brunner
Functions to include another page in a wiki page
Info Plugin 2020-06-04 by Andreas Gohr
Displays information about various DokuWiki internals
keyboard 2023-02-23 by Gina Häußge
The keyboard plugin provides a combined syntax and action plugin in order to markup text as keyboard keys, similar to (and making use of) the existing (X)HTML tag <kbd>…</kbd>. A quick button for the markup is automatically inserted into the toolbar of the edit form.
Lastmod Plugin 2016-02-03 by Dennis Ploeger
Displays the timestamp of the last modification of the current or another page.
log plugin 2019-02-27 by Adrian Lang
Provide simple logs
Note Plugin 2024-04-15 by Anael Mobilia
Add Note/Important/Tip/Warning Capability (DIV+CSS box)
nspages plugin 2024-11-22 by Guillaume Turri
Presents a toc of the selected namespace using <nspages>
Numbered Headings 2023-09-12 by Satoshi Sahara
Prepend tiered numbers as indexes for hierarchical headings
orphanswanted plugin 2023-05-30 by Doug Edmunds, Cyrille37, Federico Ariel Castagnini, Andy Webber, Matthias Schulte, Christian Paul, alexdraconian
Display Orphans, Wanteds and Valid link tables
Pagelist Plugin 2023-08-27 by Matthias Schulte, Michael Hamann, Michael Klier, Gina Haeussge
Lists pages in a nice formatted way
PageQuery Plugin 2025-03-04 by Mark C. Prins, previously Symon Bent
Search for (fulltext) and list wiki pages, sorted and optionally grouped by name, date, creator, abc, etc. in columns. Insert the pagequery markup wherever you want your list to appear. E.g.{{pagequery>[query;fulltext;sort=key:direction,key2:direction;group;limit=??;cols=?;inwords;proper]}} [..] = optional
tabbox plugin 2018-04-29 by Andreas Gohr
Insert a tabbed box in a page
Tag Plugin 2023-10-17 by Michael Hamann, Gina Häussge, Christopher Smith, Michael Klier, Esther Brunner
tag wiki pages
ToDo 2025-08-26 by Leo Eibler, Christian Marg, Markus Gschwendt, Robert Weinmeister
Create a checkbox based todo list with optional user assignment (basic syntax: <todo>This is a ToDo</todo>). It can also be used as a lightweight task list management system.
Wrap Plugin 2023-08-13 by Anika Henke
Universal plugin which combines functionalities of many other plugins. Wrap wiki text inside containers (divs or spans) and give them a class (choose from a variety of preset classes), a width and/or a language with its associated text direction.

²⁾

This is a footnote

³⁾

when the aspect ratio of the given width and height doesn't match that of the image, it will be cropped to the new ratio before resizing

MediaWiki VPS Install

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

MediaWiki VPS Install

— John Pumford-Green 27/04/23 06:21

I have recenlty rebuilt the VPS install during a hardware upgrade, and the Mediawiki install is no longer in place.

The following guide would allow it to be re-installed should I decide to.

To compare mediawiki with dokuwiki I installed mediawiki on my little shack server.

I followed the instructions here

https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Running_MediaWiki_on_Debian_or_Ubuntu

and did a few tweaks etc. to get things running.

I forgot to document the tweaks!

So I thought there would be no harm in installing it on my VPS to run alongside the main dokuwiki site, with a view to deciding whether to switch to mediawiki later.

Here are my steps to install mediawiki on the VPS machine, which already has a fully configured and working webserver & PHP. The main addition will be setting up a SQL server (probably MariaDB).

Installing pre-requisites

sudo apt-get install apache2 mariadb-server php php-mysql libapache2-mod-php php-xml php-mbstring

wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.38/mediawiki-1.38.1.tar.gz

tar zxvf mediawiki-1.38.1.tar.gz

sudo mkdir /var/www/html/mediawiki

sudo mv mediawiki-1.38.1/* /var/www/html/mediawiki

That has installed a SQL server and the mediawiki files into the webserver root. Next is to configure the SQL database to hold the wiki.

SQL Configuration

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ sudo service mysql START
gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome TO the MariaDB monitor.  Commands END WITH ; OR \g.
Your MariaDB connection id IS 36
Server version: 10.3.34-MariaDB-0+deb10u1 Debian 10
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab AND others.
 
TYPE 'help;' OR '\h' FOR help. TYPE '\c' TO clear the CURRENT INPUT statement.
 
MariaDB [(NONE)]> CREATE USER 'new_mysql_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mwPass';
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.018 sec)
 
MariaDB [(NONE)]> quit;
Bye

Create the database and grant the user access

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome TO the MariaDB monitor.  Commands END WITH ; OR \g.
Your MariaDB connection id IS 37
Server version: 10.3.34-MariaDB-0+deb10u1 Debian 10
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab AND others.
 
TYPE 'help;' OR '\h' FOR help. TYPE '\c' TO clear the CURRENT INPUT statement.
 
MariaDB [(NONE)]> CREATE DATABASE my_wiki;
Query OK, 1 ROW affected (0.003 sec)
 
MariaDB [(NONE)]> USE my_wiki;
DATABASE changed
MariaDB [my_wiki]> GRANT ALL ON my_wiki.* TO 'new_mysql_user'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.001 sec)
 
MariaDB [my_wiki]> quit;
Bye

Browse to https://gm4slv.org.uk/mediawiki and got an error message that there was a PHP component missing intl

sudo apt-get install php-intl

sudo service apache2 restart

Browse to mediawiki again and all seems well. The message now is that LocalSettings.php is missing, which is created at the next step, following the on screen link.

Configure the SQL access:

Database Username : new_mysql_user
Database Password : mwPass

Complete the questions, select the required extensions etc. and download the LocalSettings.php file. Then upload the file to the VPS and put it in /var/www/html/mediawiki

Tweaks

File uploads

Make sure images directory has ugo+rwx permissions

Logo

Somehow upload a logo.png into images and edit LocalSetting.php to point at the log:

$wgLogos = [
        '1x' => "$wgResourceBasePath/images/logo.png",
 
 
        'icon' => "$wgResourceBasePath/images/logo.png",
];

Image thumbnails & pdf

to be continued

sudo apt install ghostscript imagemagick xpdf-utils

add to LocalSettings.php:

$wgPdfProcessor = '/usr/bin/gs';
$wgPdfPostProcessor = $wgImageMagickConvertCommand; // if defined via ImageMagick
// $wgPdfPostProcessor = '/usr/bin/convert';  // if not defined via ImageMagick
$wgPdfInfo = '/usr/bin/pdfinfo';
$wgPdftoText = '/usr/bin/pdftotext';
 
 
$wgFileExtensions[] = 'pdf';

Now upload a pdf file and it should appear in the file brower.

Try putting it in a page with the <gallery> funtion

<gallery>
File:Blog.pdf|page=1
</gallery>

Page Info

— John Pumford-Green 29/06/22 15:15

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

mediawiki

VPS Notes

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 07:20:09 +0000

←Archive

VPS Notes

GM4SLV.ORG.UK VPS : New VPS created 6^th March 2025

To separate my personal wiki site from yaddnet.org server
Wiki backed-up and moved from yaddnet.org to new gm4slv.org.uk VPS
SSL Certificate replaced to enable HTTPS

New VPS : March 2025

New VPS 1 obtained at Fasthosts

Type:Virtual Machine
Size:vps 1 2 60
Cpu:1 vCore
RAM:2 GB
Disk:60 GB NVMe SSD

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS
Release:        24.04
Codename:       noble

Installed PHP and Apache2

gm4slv@gm4slv:~ $ php --version
PHP 8.3.6 (cli) (built: Dec  2 2024 12:36:18) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.3.6, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.3.6, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

configured SSL per previous method SSL Install on VPS
changed SSH port from default 22 to a new port, changed VPS firewall to suit new SSH port
Ubunto OS brought up to date: sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade and sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Dokuwiki Security

previous installations used .htaccess to prevent web access to data/conf/lib/bin etc. directories
this time I decided not to use .htaccess but to follow the alternative instructions in https://www.dokuwiki.org/security to use LocationMatch

LocationMatch method

Apache is told which directories (data, conf, bin, inc, vendor) to make private. The downside is that this configuration might need altering if new directories are added during dokuwiki upgrades.

add to /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

<LocationMatch "/(data|conf|bin|inc|vendor)/">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
    Satisfy All
</LocationMatch>

sudo service apache2 restart

.htaccess method

the secured directories in dokuwiki have suitable .htaccess files already. Apache needs to betold to allow them to alter behaviour

AllowOverride All

add to /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

         <Directory /var/www/html>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride All
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
        </Directory>

sudo service apache2 restart

SSH Security

Configured sshd to disallow password-logins and only accept public-key authentication
- be careful to check the files in /etc/ssh/sshd_conf.d for hidden config options!
uploaded public keys from
- Puttygen for putty on laptop
- ConnectBot app on phone
saved both in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
now only logins with a valid public key will succeed.
- In the event of a loss of the public keys it's still possible to gain access via Fasthosts account dashboard
  - → then reconfigure sshd to accept password logins again until new keys can be uploaded.

06/04/25 : Renew SSL certificate

Same procedure as before
- Download “Certificate” → signed.crt
- Download “Intermediate Certificate” → ca.pem
- Upload via WinSCP to VPS
- Copy old /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt → signed.crt.old
- Copy old /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem → ca.pem.old
- Copy new files into /usr/local/ssl
- Restart Apache
There were 2 “Intermediate Certificate” for download from Fast Hosts…
- I used the one named 7D5B5126B476BA11DB74160BBC530DA7.cer
- This is the same as the one used when I renewed YaddNet.org SSL yaddnet_ssl_renewal
- It seems that the intermediate certificate is not unique to the domain being secured, it's a certificate that verifies the identity of the authenticator of the domain's SSL certificate.

UPDATE ON TWO INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATES 05/07/25

I've discovered that the 2 Intermediate Certificates are necessary to complete the chain of authority.

What should be done is to join them together into one ca.pem file (and in the correct order…. )

[root@wiki:/home/g4slv/ssl]# cat 397A66CC2756362E0DAA87CA6EABE3B1.cer 00D27FBBC1DE359E5216AD6149586099C4.cer > ca.pem
 
[root@wiki:/home/g4slv/ssl]# cp ca.pem /usr/local/ssl
 
[root@wiki:/home/g4slv/ssl]# systemctl restart apache2

Check correct SSL operation at https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html

Old information below is for historical information

GM4SLV.ORG.UK VPS : CANCELLED AND DELETED 9^th October 2024

Wiki functionality easily provided by yaddnet.org VPS
wiki pages & data transferred to yaddnet.org
Fasthosts deleted VPS following telephone confirmation
- deletion/cancellation not possible via Control Panel
- telephone call-back needed to confirm

OS      : Debian 10 (Buster)
RAM     : 0.5GB
Network : 400MB 
SSD     : 10GB

IP Address : 213.171.209.127
Hostname   : gm4slv.org.uk
Open Ports : ssh, http, https

Domain Name  : gm4slv.org.uk
Renewal date : 3/4/2024

Access via FastHosts

browse to https://admin.fasthosts.co.uk/Servers/VPS/1116040162 and login with credentials

Installing SSL for HTTPS

Create Certificates

First : obtain SSL Certificates

Configure APACHE

Second : configure Apache to use HTTPS

copy self generated gm4slv.org.uk.key from the “openssl” command to /usr/local/ssl/
copy the *crt for the newly obtained signed *.crt file renamed as signed.crt to /usr/local/ssl
copy the “intermediate” file to /usr/local/ssl/ (renamed as ca.pem)
edit apache config… looks like /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf
- SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt
- SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/ssl/gm4slv.org.uk.key
- SSLCertificateChainFile /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem
make symlink sites-enabled/default-ssl.conf pointing to sites-available/default-ssl.conf
a2enmod ssl
restart apache2
will it be listening on port 443? yes
open firewall port 443 on Fasthost control panel
Can I reach it with https://gm4slv.org.uk? yes
Can I still reach it with http://gm4slv.org.uk? yes
force redirect of plain HTTP: to HTTPS:
add to 000-default.conf:

        ServerName gm4slv.org.uk
        ServerAlias www.gm4slv.org.uk
        Redirect permanent / https://gm4slv.org.uk/

taken from https://linuxize.com/post/redirect-http-to-https-in-apache/
restart apache2
verify SSL access ok - yes
verify non-SSL is redirected to SSL - yes

Confirm proper security

Browse to https://gm4slv.org.uk

20/04/23 Renew SSL Certificate

new Signed and CA (intermediate) certificates obtained and installed in /usr/local/ssl

Hardware Upgrade 20/4/23

Original configuration VPS XS : 500MB RAM and 10GB SSD @ £1 per month (plus VAT)
Upgrade to VPS S : 1GB RAM and 20GB SSD @ £3 per month (plus VAT)
VPS rebooted for upgrade
RAM seems to have increased to 1GB but reported 'df -h' still shows 7.5GB total for / and 1.9GB for Swap. This is only 10GB.
Perhaps more time is needed for VM to catch up and expand the Virtual Hard Drive?
Gotcha…. the Virtual Drive was increased to 20GB, but not the partition or the filesystem… the only way to get a full 20GB was to “rebuild” the VPS….
took a backup of the dokuwiki files (rsync mirrored them to shack PC). Hit “Rebuild” and built a new VPS. Applied for replacement SSL keys (had to make a new CSR/KEY first)…
Used rsync to send back the dokuwiki files (from the shack PC mirror)
set up Apache2 to use the new SSL certificates…
VPS is now rebuilt and all wiki files restored & Apache2 uses HTTPS.

Debian Upgrade 15/2/24

Upgraded from Buster (10) → Bullseye (11)
Upgraded Dokuwiki (this needed PHP7.4 from Buster, which is why the Debian upgrade was necessary) to the newest version (Release 2024-02-06a “Kaos”)
Upgraded from Bullseye (11) → Bookwork (12) - might as well get to STABLE

Debian Upgrade 16/2/24

Upgraded to Trixie (testing)

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description:    Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid
Release:        n/a
Codename:       trixie

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 
 
#deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
#deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

Dokuwiki still working correctly with latest versions of Apache and PHP

gm4slv@gm4slv:~$ php --version
PHP 8.2.12 (cli) (built: Jan  8 2024 06:21:20) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.12, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

2024 gm4slv.org.uk domain renewed

03/04/24 Domain Name auto-renewed for 2 years until April 2026
04/04/24 SSL Certificate auto-renewed for 1 year until May 2025

04/04/24 : Install Renewed SSL Certificate

SSL Certificates Auto Renewed by Fasthosts
download new certificates from Fasthosts control panel:
- New “Certificate” downloaded and renamed “signed.crt”
- New “Intermediate Certificate” downloaded and renamed “ca.pem”
copied both → VPS $HOME dir via SCP
On VPS →
- copied current /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem → ca_old.pem
- copied current /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt → signed_old.crt
- copied new ca.pem from $HOME to /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem
- copied new signed.crt from $HOME to /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt
- restarted apache sudo service apache2 restart
check new valid certificate now in use in web browser
- Validity Issued on & Expires on dates now show new certificate is in use

Page Updated : 04/06/26 08:20 BST

vps, linux, ssl

Explorations

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

Explorations

Digging Deeper into Allstar

I've seen a few examples of small networks and am interested in building up a mixed protocol system too.

Some examples that interested me:

Milnet http://milnet.io/ with Allstar connected nodes and a DMR bridge
- Allstar node status http://stats.allstarlink.org/nodeinfo.cgi?node=424611
W2YMM https://w2ymm.home.blog/allstar-howto/ with a group of connected gateways, repeaters and a bridge to DMR etc.
- This one was discovered by accident on Allstar's Portal I mistyped my own original base node ID (pre-NNX) 48148 as 48418 and found his system with lots of information on his blog

Adding more nodes

It's possible to have up to 10 individual Node IDs with a single Allstar node number, by using NNX to add a 6th digit to the base node number…

My Base Number is 48148 and I activated the NNX feature and created 3 nodes

481480
481481
481482

Since they are all behind a NAT firewall, sharing one public IP address the nodes must use different UDP ports. To make this possible I created 2 new Server instances on the Allstar Portal, one per node, and chose the UDP ports :

https://www.allstarlink.org/portal/servers.php

node481480 ⇒ UDP 4569
node481481 ⇒ UDP 4570
node481482 ⇒ UDP 4571

The choice of which server is used per node is chosen on the Node configuration page for each node, on the Allstar Portal

https://www.allstarlink.org/portal/nodes.php

Then I flashed new SD cards for the new nodes using the ASL 2.0.0 Beta 6 image I've used for the initial VHF Gateway node.

https://github.com/AllStarLink/ASL-Live-Build/releases/download/2.0.0-beta.6/asl-2.0.0-beta.6-kc1kcc-20210324-raspberrypi-armhf.img.zip

The config. for the original node had to be changed, to reflect the new node number 481480 versus 48148 which means editing (at least)

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf
/etc/asterisk/iax.conf
/etc/asterisk.extensions.conf

To ensure each internal LAN node can find each other (can't rely on Allstar's DNS) it's necessary to add each one to the [nodes] stanza in each node's config file /etc/asterisk/rpt.conf using the appropriate IP and UDP port depending on which node is being configured.

; from the VHF Gateway node 481480
[nodes]
481480 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/481480,NONE      

481481 = radio@192.168.21.241:4570/481481,NONE  

481482 = radio@192.168.21.242:4571/481482,NONE

I added the DVSwitch bridging to the hub node 481481 which is configured as radioless, I made a local/private node on that machine 1399 for this purpose.

All 3 nodes have supermon and this needed some configuration to make sure the Asterisk Manager ports were available on their external interfaces bindaddr = 0.0.0.0 and not just on the loopback bindaddr = 127.0.0.1

/etc/asterisk/manager.conf ⇒

;
; Asterisk Call Management support
;

; By default asterisk will listen on localhost only.
[general]
enabled = yes
port = 5038
bindaddr = 0.0.0.0

[admin]
secret = YOUR_MANAGER_PASSWORD
read = all,system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config
write = all,system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config

Port Forwarding

My ADSL router has the following port forwards to allow external incoming connections to be set up

UDP 4569 ⇒ 192.168.21.240 for the VHF Gateway / Echolink node
UDP 4570 ⇒ 192.168.21.241 for the DMR Bridge node
UDP 4571 ⇒ 192.168.21.242 for the Test Node
UDP 5198-5199 ⇒ 192.168.21.240 for Echolink client connections
TCP 42110 ⇒ 192.168.21.240 for the VHF Gateway/Echolink node's Dashboard
- http://gm4slv.plus.com:42110
TCP 42111 ⇒ 192.168.21.241 for the DMR Bridge node's Dashboard
- http://gm4slv.plus.com:42111
TCP 42112 ⇒ 192.168.21.242 for the Test node's Dashboard
- http://gm4slv.plus.com:42112

To allow the node numbers to be resolved to useful names tp display on the dashboards the script astdb.php should run nightly to maintain a lookup table.

The image came with several copies of astdb.php in different places, all updating a central data file /var/log/asterisk/astdb.txt. Which was confusing, as they all looked in different places for the file detailing private nodes.

Private Node Names

To allow private node numbers to appear as useful information, rather than not in database you first put the information in a file privatenodes.txt

1399|GM4SLV|Bridge to DMR|TGIF TG2354429
1398|GM4SLV|Bridge to DMR|TGIF TG2354435

and then the astdb.php script pulls it in, with all the other nodes downloaded from the web, but astdb.php must know where to find the privatenodes.txt file.

The easiest way is to run the astdb.php from the directory containing privatenodes.txt

and therefore it's the copy in /var/www/html/supermon/ that is used, since privatenodes.txt resides here too.

To automate the process the update is done nightly via /etc/cron.daily/allstar_helpers which was modified to point to the correct version of astdb.php

#!/bin/bash
 
 
# Get new allmon data daily
/var/www/html/supermon/astdb.php

Semi-automated Private Node descriptions

I've written a small bash script on the gateway node481480.local to make it easier to re-name the internal “private nodes” as they appear listed in Supermon
for this to work it's necessary to arrange public-key authentication on the nodes, with passwordless logins. But that's normal, anyway, no?

#!/bin/bash
 
NODE1=node481480.local
NODE2=node481481.local
NODE3=node481482.local
WEB=/var/www/html/supermon/
 
PRIVATE_NODES=/home/gm4slv/privatenodes.txt
 
 
sudo cp $PRIVATE_NODES $WEB
sudo $WEB/astdb.php
 
 
scp $PRIVATE_NODES gm4slv@$NODE2:
ssh $NODE2 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/privatenodes.txt /var/www/html/supermon/ && /var/www/html/supermon/astdb.php'
 
 
scp $PRIVATE_NODES gm4slv@$NODE3:
ssh $NODE3 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/privatenodes.txt /var/www/html/supermon/ && /var/www/html/supermon/astdb.php'

Just make changes to the privatenodes.txt file in my local directory on the gateway node481480 and then run

gm4slv@node481480:~$ ./update_private.sh
Success: astdb.txt 1422647 bytes
privatenodes.txt                              100%   79    39.0KB/s   00:00
Success: astdb.txt 1422647 bytes
privatenodes.txt                              100%   79    24.9KB/s   00:00
Success: astdb.txt 1422647 bytes

Favourites

to keep the favorites.ini file consistent on all nodes I've written a script that distributes a copy to all nodes
I edit the copy in my home directory on node481480 and run

./update_favorites.sh

#!/bin/bash
# update_favorites.sh
# a script to keep the supermon favorites.ini file synchronized on all nodes
 
NODE1=node481480.local
NODE2=node481481.local
NODE3=node481482.local
WEB=/var/www/html/supermon/
 
FAVORITES=/home/gm4slv/favorites.ini
 
sudo cp $FAVORITES $WEB
 
scp $FAVORITES gm4slv@$NODE2:
ssh $NODE2 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/favorites.ini /var/www/html/supermon/'
 
scp $FAVORITES gm4slv@$NODE3:
ssh $NODE3 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/favorites.ini /var/www/html/supermon/'

Supermon : allmon.ini

The nodes monitored, and the menu to select them, and external websites, on each node's Supermon Dashboard is configured by allmon.ini

Here's the current version:

Generic /var/www/html/supermon/allmon.ini

[All Nodes]
nodes = 481480,481481,481482,1399,1398
menu = yes
system = Nodes
 
[481480]
host = 192.168.21.240:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
system = Nodes
 
[481481]
host = 192.168.21.241:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
system = Nodes
 
[481482]
host = 192.168.21.242:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = no
system = Nodes
 
[1399]
host = 192.168.21.241:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = yes
system = Nodes
 
[1398]
host = 192.168.21.242:5038
user = admin
passwd = "XXXX"
menu = yes
hideNodeURL = yes
system = Nodes
 
[lsNodes 481480]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42110/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=481480"
menu = yes
system = LsNodes
 
[lsNodes 481481]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42111/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=481481"
menu = yes
system = LsNodes
 
[lsNodes 481482]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42112/cgi-bin/lsnodes_web?node=481482"
menu = yes
system = LsNodes
 
[Node 481840]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42110/"
menu = yes
system = Dashboards
 
[Node 481841]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42111/"
menu = yes
system = Dashboards
 
[Node 481842]
url = "http://gm4slv.plus.com:42112/"
menu = yes
system = Dashboards
 
[GM4SLV Wiki]
url = "https://gm4slv.org.uk/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=start"
menu = yes
system = External Sites
 
[Echolink Link Status]
url = "https://echolink.org/links.jsp?d=1&gs=IP90gg&sel=gridsq"
menu = yes
system = External Sites
 
[TGIF]
url = "https://tgif.network/"
menu = yes
system = External Sites
 
[AllStarLink]
url = "http://www.allstarlink.org"
menu = yes
system = External Sites

I've also made it easy to distribute the same allmon.ini file to all nodes

#!/bin/bash
# update_allmon.sh
# a script to distribute a common supermon config to all nodes
 
NODE1=node481480.local
NODE2=node481481.local
NODE3=node481482.local
WEB=/var/www/html/supermon/
 
ALLMON=/home/gm4slv/allmon.ini
 
sudo cp $ALLMON $WEB
 
scp $ALLMON gm4slv@$NODE2:
ssh $NODE2 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/allmon.ini /var/www/html/supermon/'
 
scp $ALLMON gm4slv@$NODE3:
ssh $NODE3 'sudo cp /home/gm4slv/allmon.ini /var/www/html/supermon/'

Node Callsigns instead of Numbers

To have the telemetry say the callsign of a connected node, instead of its node number, install the script write_node_callsigns_ulaw.sh

I put it in /usr/local/bin/ and run it via root's crontab each day - but via a wrapper script /usr/local/bin/update_names.sh that then deletes the ulaw sound file for my own nodes, as I don't want all of them to be announced as GM4SLV - I'd rather hear the actual node numbers:

#!/bin/bash
 
/usr/local/bin/write_node_callsigns_ulaw.sh
 
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/481480.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/481481.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/1399.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/1398.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/48148.ulaw
rm /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/481482.ulaw

I forget where I found it, so here's the write_node script itself

write_node_callsigns_ulaw.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
#  Created by Marshall Dias
#  Modified by Doug, WA3DSP 8/18/2015
#
# using ULAW format
#
# Script to write Calls to /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# which will then be used in place of node numbers. This script
# will NOT overwrite exisitng files unless you use the -o option.
# If you want to start clean and delete all nodename files do
#    rm -rf /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/*
# or delete just the files you want to replace.
#
# A single node number can be specified on the command line with
# the -n node -ex. -n 40000
#
# A -v option gives a little more info
 
# See all comments below
 
# Set the source directory to the Allstar database on your system.
# 'locate astdb.php'  This file will exist if you are running any of the
# images from hamvoip.org or you have installed allmon or lsnodes on
# your system. For the BBB and RPi2 it will generally be /var/log/asterisk
 
SRCDIR=/var/log/asterisk
#SRCDIR=/var/www/html/allmon
 
# Set the destination directory.
# Use a tmp directory for testing
# The final destination for Allstar would be
# /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# Use the -d path option to overide
 
DESTDIR=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# Test destination directory - must exist
#DESTDIR=/tmp/nodes
 
# Definitions of sound file directories
 
NODENAMES=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
LETTERS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/letters
NUMBERS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/digits
STRING=""
 
usage()
{
cat << EOF
 
Usage: $0 options
 
Writes voice files of call signs from node numbers
 
OPTIONS:
   -h        Show this message
   -o        Overwrite existings file(s)
   -n node   Specify node number - single write
   -d path   Specify path to output files
             Default: /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
   -v        Verbose
 
Write callsign for node 40000, no overwrite -
 
  $0 -n 40000
 
Write callsign for node 40000, overwrite -
 
  $0 -on 40000
 
Write all callsigns, no overwrite -
 
  $0
 
Write all callsigns, overwrite
 
  $0 -o
 
Write single node to specific directory -
 
  $0 -n 40000 -d /etc/asterisk/local
 
 
EOF
}
 
OVERWRITE=""
VERBOSE=""
 
while getopts "hovn:d:" OPTION
do
     case $OPTION in
         h)
             usage
             exit 1
             ;;
         d)
             DESTDIR=$OPTARG
             ;;
         o)
             OVERWRITE=1
             ;;
         n)
             node=$OPTARG
             ;;
         v)
             VERBOSE=1
             ;;
         ?)
             usage
             exit
             ;;
     esac
done
 
# Form filenames from callsign
make_call ()
{
 STRING=""
 foo=${f2,,}
 for (( i=0; i<${#foo}; i++ )); do
  char=${foo:$i:1}
 
                case ${foo:$i:1} in
                [0-9]*) FILENAME=$NUMBERS/$char.ulaw ;;
                "/") FILENAME=$LETTERS/slash.ulaw ;;
                "-") FILENAME=$LETTERS/dash.ulaw ;;
                [a-z]*|[A-Z]*) FILENAME=$LETTERS/$char.ulaw ;;
                esac
STRING="$STRING $FILENAME"
done
}
 
# Concatenate filenames into final audio file
write_call ()
{
if [ ! $OVERWRITE ]
 then
   if [ -f "$DESTDIR/$f1.ulaw" ]
     then
        echo "$DESTDIR/$f1.ulaw exists - not overwriting"
        return
   fi
fi
echo "Writing $DESTDIR/$f1.ulaw"
cat $STRING > "$DESTDIR/$f1.ulaw"
}
 
# If no node given process all nodes
if [ -z "$node" ]
then
  while IFS='|' read f1 f2 f3 f4
  do
    if [ $VERBOSE ]; then echo "Processing Node Number: $f1 - Callsign: $f2" ; fi
    make_call
    write_call
  done < $SRCDIR/astdb.txt
else
# process just given node
  CALL=`grep -m 1 $node $SRCDIR/astdb.txt`
  if [ -z "$CALL" ]
    then
      echo "No Call found for node - $1"
      exit
    else
      f2=`echo $CALL | awk -F"|" '{print $2}'`
  fi
  f1=$node
  if [ $VERBOSE ]; then echo "Processing Node Number: $node - Callsign: $f2" ; fi
  make_call
  write_call
fi

There's a version that uses GSM coded files which didn't work on my system, as all the numbers and letters are in ulaw format, but for completeness here's the gsm version

write_node_callsigns.sh

# !/bin/bash
#
#  write_node_callsigns.sh v0.8
#
#  Doug, WA3DSP 8/18/2015
#  Portions by Marshall Dias
#
# Script to write Calls to /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# which will then be used in place of node numbers. This script
# will NOT overwrite exisitng files unless you use the -o option.
# If you want to start clean and delete all nodename files do
#    rm -rf /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames/*
# or delete just the files you want to replace.
#
# A single node number can be specified on the command line with
# the -n node -ex. -n 40000
#
# A -v option gives a little more info   
#
# v 0.7 - removed level changing as this is accomplished in 
#         global telemetry level parameters. Files should
#         stay at nominal levels.
 
# V 0.8 - added code to ignore semicolon comments.  6/5/2020, WA3DSP
 
# See all comments below
 
# Set the source directory to the Allstar database on your system.
# 'locate astdb.php'  This file will exist if you are running any of the
# images from hamvoip.org or you have installed allmon or lsnodes on
# your system. For the BBB and RPi2 it will generally be /var/log/asterisk
 
SRCDIR=/var/log/asterisk
 
# Set the destination directory. 
# Use a tmp directory for testing
# The final destination for Allstar would be 
# /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
# Use the -d path option to overide
 
DESTDIR=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames 
# Test destination directory - must exist
#DESTDIR=/tmp/nodes
 
# Definitions of sound file directories
 
RPTSOUNDS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt
NODENAMES=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
LETTERS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/letters
NUMBERS=/var/lib/asterisk/sounds/digits
STRING=""
 
 
usage()
{
cat << EOF
 
write_node_callsigns.sh v0.8
Usage: write_node_callsigns.sh options
 
Writes Asterisk Allstar voice files of call signs from node numbers
 
OPTIONS:
 
   -h        Show this message
   -a        Process all nodes
   -i        Include node number with call
   -o        Overwrite existing file(s)
   -n node   Process single node (overrides -a)
   -d path   Specify path to output files
             Default: /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
   -v        Verbose
 
Write callsign for node 40000, no overwrite, all nodes -
    $0 -n 40000
Write callsign for node 40000, overwrite, all nodes -
    $0 -on 40000
Write all callsigns, no overwrite -
    $0 -a
Write all callsigns, overwrite
    $0 -ao
Write single node to specific directory -
    $0 -n 40000 -d /etc/asterisk/local
Write single node including both call and node number, overwrite
    $0 -ion 40000
 
EOF
}
 
OVERWRITE=""
VERBOSE=""
INCNODE=""
VOLUME=""
 
if [ $# -eq 0 ];
then
    usage
    exit 0
fi
 
if [ ! -e $SRCDIR/astdb.txt ]
then
  echo "$SRCDIR/astdb.txt not found - Be sure to point SRCDIR in script to file location."
  exit
fi
 
while getopts "hail:ovn:d:" OPTION
do
     case $OPTION in
         h)
             usage
             exit 1
             ;;
	 a)  ;;
	 d)
	     DESTDIR=$OPTARG
	     ;;
	 i)
	     INCNODE=1
	     ;;
         o)  
	     OVERWRITE=1
             ;;
         n)
             node=$OPTARG
             ;;
         v)
             VERBOSE=1
             ;;
         ?)
             usage
             exit
             ;;
     esac
done
 
# Form filenames from callsign
make_call ()
{
 foo=${1,,}
 for (( i=0; i<${#foo}; i++ )); do
  char=${foo:$i:1}
 
                case ${foo:$i:1} in
                [0-9]*) FILENAME=$NUMBERS/$char.gsm ;;
                "/") FILENAME=$LETTERS/slash.gsm ;;
                "-") FILENAME=$LETTERS/dash.gsm ;;
                [a-z]*|[A-Z]*) FILENAME=$LETTERS/$char.gsm ;;
                esac
STRING="$STRING $FILENAME"
done
}
 
# Concatenate filenames into final audio file
write_call ()
{
if [ ! $OVERWRITE ]
 then
   if [ -f "$DESTDIR/$f1.gsm" ]
     then
        echo "$DESTDIR/$f1.gsm exists - not overwriting"
	return
   fi
fi
 
echo "Writing $DESTDIR/$f1.gsm"
    cat $STRING > $DESTDIR/$f1.gsm
}
 
# If no node given process all nodes
if [ -z "$node" ]
then
  Total=0
  while IFS='|' read f1 f2 f3 f4
  do      
    if [[ $f1 =~ ^\; ]]; then continue ; fi
    if [ -z $f1 ]; then continue ; fi
    if [ $VERBOSE ]; then echo "Processing Node Number: $f1 - Callsign: $f2" ; fi
    ((Total=Total+1))
    STRING=""
    make_call $f2
# Test for including node number 
   if [ $INCNODE ]
    then
     STRING=$STRING" $RPTSOUNDS/node.gsm "
     make_call $f1
    fi
    write_call
  done < $SRCDIR/astdb.txt
  echo -e "\nProcessed $Total Nodes\n"
else
# process just given node (-n node)
  CALL=`grep -m 1 $node $SRCDIR/astdb.txt`
  if [ -z "$CALL" ]
    then
      echo "No Call found for node - $1"
      exit
    else
      f2=`echo $CALL | awk -F"|" '{print $2}'`
  fi
  f1=$node
  if [ $VERBOSE ]; then echo "Processing Node Number: $node - Callsign: $f2" ; fi
  STRING=""
  make_call $f2
# Test for including node number  
  if [ $INCNODE ]
  then
    STRING=$STRING" $RPTSOUNDS/node.gsm "
    make_call $f1
  fi
  write_call
fi

I only have this on the node that's my VHF Gateway 481480

Nodes Created

See : The Nodes

Accessing remotely via IAX

See IAX Remote Access

Morse / Speech IDs

See Over the air ID

Bridges

DMR : DMR Bridging
NXDN : NXDN Bridging

Configs

— John Pumford-Green 05/06/25 22:30 BST

Further Information

radio, allstar, dvswitch, dmr, echolink

Laptop FreeBSD

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 05 Jun 2026 08:43:16 +0000

←Computers

Laptop FreeBSD

I moved my Dell laptop from Devuan Linux to FreeBSD and here are some things I needed to do and some things I did for convenience….

Graphics

I found the basic install of the recommended drm-kmod package and i915kms driver wouldn't work - it crashed/hung during boot.

Removing this package and using the SCFB video driver worked, but didn't give (for example) DPMS control of the LCD screen.

I used SCFB temporarily be adding an xorg conf file 20-vesa.conf to /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

Section "Device"
        Identifier "Card0"
        Driver "scfb"
EndSection

This was a reasonable workaround, but I found the solution to using correct Intel i915kms driver here : https://blog.hofstede.it/freebsd-150-on-the-thinkpad-t480-efficient-stable-and-8-hours-on-battery/

This is what worked:

Installed new packages

drm-latest-kmod

gpu-firmware-intel-kmod-kabylake

added to /etc/rc.conf

kld_list="i915kms"

added to /boot/loader.conf

# Graphics and power tuning
i915kms_load="YES"
drm.i915.enable_rc6=7
drm.i915.enable_fbc=1
drm.i915.lvds_downclock=1
drm.i915.enable_psr=1
compat.linuxkpi.i915_disable_power_well="0"

i915kms now loads and I have access to DPMS for turning off the LCD screen.

LCD Panel on/off

I made a few small shell scripts to assist in controlling the battery consumption by being able to alter LCD brightness, and turn the LCD off via DPMS and makde i3 shorcuts to them.

(later I made the same key actions for DWM when I moved back to using DWM)

now I can “$mod+Shift+o” to reduce brightness and “$mod+Shift+p” to increase it, and “$mod+Shift+i” to turn the LCD screen off completely.

I also added a devd rule to turn the LCD screen off when the lid is closed - this confused me initially, as it worked when testing it by adding the rule, restarting devd and testing, from within an X-Session…. but didn't work when devd was started during bootup…

This was due to the lack of DISPLAY if the script was triggered from “outside” the X session. Changing the script to set the DISPLAY variable was the solution.

/etc/devd/rules.d/lid.conf

notify 20 {
match "system" "ACPI";
match "subsystem" "Lid";
match "notify" "0x01";
action "/home/g4slv/bin/on";
};
notify 20 {
match "system" "ACPI";
match "subsystem" "Lid";
match "notify" "0x00";
action "/home/g4slv/bin/off";
};

The lid actions call one of these →

~/bin/on

#!/usr/local/bin/bash
 
su g4slv -c 'setenv DISPLAY :0.0 && /usr/local/bin/xset dpms force on'

~/bin/off

#!/usr/local/bin/bash
 
su g4slv -c 'setenv DISPLAY :0.0 && /usr/local/bin/xset dpms force off'

Other tweaks

Small scripts to automate swithing between Wifi and Ethernet

net_wlan.sh

#!/bin/sh
 
doas service netif stop em0 
doas service netif start wlan0
doas service dhclient restart wlan0

net_eth.sh

#!/bin/sh
 
doas service netif stop wlan0 
doas service netif start em0
doas service dhclient restart em0

Serial USB Adaptors

To get access to a USB serial device as normal user (as long as I'm in the wheel group) I added a rule in /etc/devd.conf

notify 100 {
        match "system"          "DEVFS";
        match "subsystem"       "CDEV";
        match "type"            "CREATE";
        match "cdev"            "ttyU[0-9]+";
        action "chmod ug+rw /dev/$cdev";
 
};

This makes the device R/W for the wheel group. Without this rule (the chmod part) the device is only R/W for root.

Other Config Files

/etc/rc.conf

hostname="proton"
keymap="uk.kbd"
wlans_iwm0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA  DHCP"
ip6addrctl_enable="NO"
ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="NO"
ifconfig_wlan0_ipv6="inet6 ifdisabled"
ifconfig_em0_ipv6="inet6 ifdisabled"
ifconfig_lo0_ipv6="inet6 ifdisabled"
create_args_wlan0="country GB regdomain NONE"
sshd_enable="YES"
sshd_flags="-4"

ntpd_enable="YES"
ntpd_sync_on_start="YES"
ntpd_flags="-4"

ftpd_enable="YES"
ftpd_flags="-4"


moused_nondefault_enable="NO"
# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable
dumpdev="AUTO"
zfs_enable="YES"
cupsd_enable="YES"
devfs_system_ruleset="system"
dbus_enable="YES"


avahi_daemon_enable="YES"

avahi_dnsconfd_enable="YES"
inetd_enable="YES"
rwhod_enable="YES"

kld_list="i915kms"

powerd_enable="YES"
powerd_flags="-a adaptive -b minimum "
update_motd="NO"
dynamic_motd="YES"
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
autofs_enable="YES"

/boot/loader.conf

kern.geom.label.disk_ident.enable="0"
kern.geom.label.gptid.enable="0"
zfs_load="YES"
i915kms_load="YES"
drm.i915.enable_rc6="7"
drm.i915.semaphores="1"
drm.i915.enable_fbc="1"
drm.i915.lvds_downclock=1
drm.i915.enable_psr=1
compat.linuxkpi.i915_disable_power_well="0"
fuse_load="YES"
iwm8265fw_load="YES"

~/.xinitrc

xrdb -load ~/.Xdefaults
setxkbmap -layout gb
xset s noblank
xset s noexpose
xset dpms 600 660 670
backlight 40
 
eval $(gnome-keyring-daemon --start)
export SSH_AUTH_LOCK
 
feh --bg-center -B "#005577"  ~/freebsd.svg
 
pulseaudio &
 
dwmblocks &
 
pasystray &
 
nextcloud & 
 
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-x11 dwm

pkg prime-list

Here's the list of intentionally installed packages currently

FreeBSD-kernel-generic
FreeBSD-kernel-generic-dbg
FreeBSD-set-base
FreeBSD-set-lib32
FreeBSD-set-minimal
alpine
ansilove
automount
avahi
bash
bombadillo
claws-mail
claws-mail-bogofilter
claws-mail-dillo
claws-mail-pdf_viewer
detox
dmidecode
doas
drm-latest-kmod
dunst
dynamic_motd
evince
feh
ffmpegthumbnailer
figlet
firefox-esr
fldigi
foomatic-db-hpijs
freebsd-ftpd
freebsd-telnetd
fusefs-jmtpfs
gmake
gnome-keyring
gnucash
gopher
gpu-firmware-intel-kmod-kabylake
gvfs
hplip
i3blocks
imv
iperf
libptytty
libreoffice
librewolf
lynx
mixertui
most
mousepad
mpv
musikcube
nano
neofetch
nextcloudclient
nss_mdns
openshot
pasystray
pavucontrol
pcmanfm
pkg
pkgconf
polo
py311-i3ipc
py311-pip
rename
rsync
sacc
scrot
setsid
shotwell
slock
slrn
thunar
thunar-archive-plugin
tightvnc
tmux
vim
vlc
wireshark
xarchiver
xorg
yt-dlp
zip

Further Information

Page created : 04/06/26 11:04 BST

Page updated : 05/06/26 09:43 BST

computer, freebsd

Damasko DA36 Tests 1 (2019)

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Damasko DA36

Damasko DA36 Tests 1 (2019)

Created Thursday 31 October 2019

Investigation into fault last seen Aug 2018

Fault symptoms from 30/8/18

rate error high (> 30s/d) and dependant on position
amplitude low ≤200°
hand-winding would not increase amplitude or improve random fluctuating rate.

Investigation to confirm fault prior to arranging repair : 30/10/19

wind 40 turns manually & set time: Δ = -0.7s
on wrist 19:00
take TG measurements as auto power builds up over evening

Reference Values for comparison to "Normal" behaviour

Last known full set of amplitude / rate measurements:

16/12/17
Dial up	: 274° : 0
Dial dn	: 278° : 0
6H	: 256° : -6	: D = -6
3H	: 263° : 0
9H	: 262° : -2
12H	: 261° : +4
Mean	: -0.7

Last known good “full power” TG rate measurements:

8/3/18 13:30
Dial up	: 291°	: +1
Dial dn	:	: 0
6H	:	: -3	D = -4
3H	:	: +2
9H	:	: 0
12H	:	: +1
Mean	: +0.7

TG measurements 1st day 30/10/19

19:25
Dial up : 231° : -11

20:15
Dial up : 271° : -3
Dial dn : 263° : -3

21:15
Dial up : 282° : -1
Dial dn : 271° : 0

22:15
Dial up : 270° : -2
Dial dn : 259° : -1
6H	: 252° : -6	: D = -4
3H	: 257° : 0
9H	: 241° : -3
12H	: 262° : +1
Mean	: -1.8

23:15
Dial up : 287° : 0
Dial dn : 263° : 0
6H	: 249° : -7	: D = -7
3H	: 271° : 0
9H	: 261° : -3
12H	: 266° : +1
Mean	: -1.5


00:15
Dial up : 302° : 0
Dial dn : 295° : 0
6H	: 260° : -6	: D = -6
3H	: 278° : 0
9H	: 271° : 0
12H	: 291° : +1
Mean	: +0.8

TG measurements 2nd day 31/10/19

06:10
Dial up : 272° : -2
Dial dn : 282° : 0
6H	: 249° : -7	: D = -5
3H	: 260° : 0
9H	: 261° : -2
12H	: 259° : +3
Mean	: -1.3


07:10
Dial up : 276° : 0
Dial dn : 275° : +1
6H	: 249° : -5	: D = -5
3H	: 266° : +1
9H	: 252° : -4
12H	: 252° : +2
Mean	: -0.8

08:30
Dial up : 275° : 0
Dial dn : 274° : +2
6H	: 258° : -5	: D = -5
3H	: 264° : +1
9H	: 256° : -1
12H	: 257° : +4
Mean	: -0.16

09:35
Dial up : 279° : -1
Dial dn : 281° : +1
6H	: 266° : -4	: D = -3
3H	: 270° : +1
9H	: 261° : -3
12H	: 267° : +4
Mean	: -0.33

10:30
Dial up : 265° : -2
Dial dn : 261° : 0
6H	: 240° : -8	: D = -6
3H	: 248° : -1
9H	: 236° : -5
12H	: 259° : +3
Mean	: -2.3

13:10
Dial up : 283° : 0
Dial dn : 276° : 0
6H	: 262° : -3	: D = -3
3H	: 258° : +2
9H	: 248° : 0
12H	: 259° : +4
Mean	: +0.5

14:55
Dial up : 278° : -2
Dial dn : 275° : -1
6H	: 257° : -7	: D = -5
3H	: 266° : 0
9H	: 257° : -1
12H	: 266° : +2
Mean	: -1.6

17:10
Dial up : 288° : 0
Dial dn : 277° : 0
6H	: 264° : -3	: D = -3
3H	: 268° : 0
9H	: 261° : -4
12H	: 269° : +2
Mean	: -0.8

21:30
Dial up : 272° : -2
Dial dn : 277° : -1
6H	: 252° : -8	: D = -6
3H	: 262° : -1
9H	: 256° : -4
12H	: 277° : +1
Mean	: -1.8

TG measurements 3rd day 1/11/19

06:00
Dial up : 262° : +1
Dial dn : 260° : +3
6H	: 248° : -4	: D = -5
3H	: 257° : +3
9H	: 251° : 0
12H	: 251° : +7
Mean	: +1.6

16:35
Dial up : 283° : 0
Dial dn : 283° : 0
6H	: 271° : -5	: D = -5
3H	: 271° : 0
9H	: 264° : 0
12H	: 279° : +1
Mean	: -0.6

TG measurements 4rd day 2/11/19

07:45
Dial up : 260° : +1
Dial dn : 268° : +4
6H	: 245° : -5	: D = -6
3H	: 250° : +1
9H	: 249° : 0
12H	: 251° : +3
Mean	: -0.6

16:15
Dial up : 294° : -1
Dial dn : 293° : 0
6H	: 268° : -5	: D = -6
3H	: 266° : 0
9H	: 273° : -2
12H	: 273° : +1
Mean	: -1.6

19:30
Dial up : 299° : -1
Dial dn : 298° : 0
6H	: 267° : -5	: D = -4
3H	: 267° : 0
9H	: 273° : -4
12H	: 272° : +1
Mean	: -1.5

TG measurements 5th day 3/11/19

07:00
Dial up : 258° : +1
Dial dn : 264° : +6
6H	: 251° : -1	: D = -2
3H	: 255° : +1
9H	: 254° : 0
12H	: 251° : +3
Mean	: +1.6

16:10
Dial up : 291° : 0
Dial dn : 281° : 0
6H	: 271° : -4	: D = -4
3H	: 264° : 0
9H	: 259° : -2
12H	: 271° : +3
Mean	: -0.5

21:00
Dial up : 289° : -1
Dial dn : 278° : 0
6H	: 261° : -5	: D = -4
3H	: 262° : 0
9H	: 258° : -1
12H	: 260° : +2
Mean	: -0.8

TG measurements 6th day 4/11/19

06:15
Dial up : 264° : +1
Dial dn : 256° : +3
6H	: 240° : -5	: D = -6
3H	: 249° : 0
9H	: 256° : 0
12H	: 248° : +4
Mean	: +0.5

11:25
Dial up : 292° : 0
Dial dn : 283° : +1
6H	: 267° : -4	: D = -4
3H	: 277° : +1
9H	: 262° : -1
12H	: 268° : +3
Mean	: +0.0

Amplitude vs Position vs Mean Rate

Date     	Time		Du	Dd	6h	3h	9h	12h	Av	M
=============================================================================================	
30/10/19 	22:15		270	259	252	257	241	262	257	-1.8	
30/10/19 	23:15		287	263	249	271	261	266	266	-1.5

31/10/19 	00:15		302	295	260	278	271	291	283	+0.8	
31/10/19 	06:10		272	282	249	260	261	259	263	-1.3
31/10/19 	07:10		276	275	249	266	252	252	262	-0.8
31/10/19 	08:30		275	274	258	264	256	257	263	+0.2
31/10/19 	09:35		279	281	266	270	261	267	271	-0.3
31/10/19 	10:30		265	261	240	248	236	259	252	-2.3
31/10/19 	13:10		283	276	262	258	248	259	264	+0.5
31/10/19 	14:55		278	275	257	266	257	266	267	-1.6
31/10/19 	17:10		288	277	264	268	261	269	271	-0.8
31/10/19 	21:30		272	277	252	262	256	277	266	-1.8

01/11/19 	06:00		262	260	248	257	251	251	255	+1.6
01/11/19 	16:35		283	283	271	271	264	279	275	-0.6

02/11/19 	07:45		260	268	245	250	249	251	254	+0.6
02/11/19	16:15		294	293	268	266	273	273	279	-1.6
02/11/19	19:30		299	298	267	267	273	272	279	-1.5

03/11/19	07:00		258	264	251	255	254	251	256	+1.6
03/11/19	16:10		291	281	271	264	259	270	273	-0.5
03/11/19	21:00		289	278	261	262	258	260	268	-0.8

04/11/19	06:15		264	256	240	249	256	248	252	+0.5
04/11/19	11:25		292	283	267	277	262	268	275	+0.0

Watchcheck data

Date		Time	Δ(s)	Error(s/d)	Ave(s/d)	Comment
31/10/19 	06:17 	-2.2
01/11/19 	06:06 	-4.2	-2.0		-2.0		Dial up overnight
02/11/19 	07:43	-6.7	-2.3		-2.2		Dial up overnight
03/11/19 	06:54	-7.5	-0.8		-1.8		Dial down overnight
04/11/19	06:32	-8.5	-1.0		-1.6		Dial down overnight

TimeGrapher Pseudo-COSC Test

16:00 1/11/19 (Full Power) & 07:45 2/11/19 (After overnight resting dial-up)

M1	-5
M2	-5	Mean 6H	: -5	V1 : 0
M3	+2
M4	+1	Mean 3H	: +1.5	V2 : 1
M5	0
M6	0	Mean 9H	: 0	V3 : 0
M7	+2
M8	+4	Mean DD	: +3	V4 : 2
M9	0
M10	+1	Mean DU : +0.5	V5 : 1
M11	n/a
M12	-5

                         Limit		
M	0	Pass	(+6/-4) 	Mean Daily Rate			: Ave of M1..M10
Vavg	0.8	Pass	(2)		Mean Variation			: Ave of V1..V5
Vmax	2	Pass	(5)		Max Variation 			: Max of V1..V5
D	-5.5	Pass*	(+8/-6) 	Difference Vert-Horiz		: Ave of M1..M2 minus Ave of M9..M10
P	5	Pass	(10)		Largest Variation from mean	: Value of M1.. M10 with largest difference from overall M
R	+0	Pass	(+5/-5) 	Rate Resumption			: M12 minus Ave of M1..M2

Power Reserve Test

Start fully wound : “day 0”

Put on Timegrapher, dial up, to observe rate/amplitude during period of test

ETA 2836-2 spec = 38 hours

Off wrist date time 	:	04/11/19	11:35
Stopped date time	:	05/11/19	21:27
Elapsed time		:	33:52

TG Checks during Power Reserve test, Dial Up

	
Date		Time	Elapsed	Amp	Rate	Δ-NTP
04/11/19	11:35	0:00	279	0	-8.5
04/11/19	14:35	3:00	270	+1		
04/11/19	17:35	6:00	271	0
04/11/19	21:10	8:35	260	0
04/11/19	23:20	11:45	251	0
05/11/19	06:20	18:45	243	0
05/11/19	08:35	21:00	233	-1
05/11/19	09:30	21:55	234	-1	-9.4
05/11/19	13:55	26:20	213	-6
05/11/19	15:00	27:25	212	-7	-10.9
05/11/19	16:45	29:10	203	-10
05/11/19 	17:35	30:00	198	-12
05/11/19	18:35	31:00	191	-14
05/11/19	19:35	32:00	179	-19	-13.3
05/11/19	20:35	33:00	168	-27
05/11/19	21:27	33:52	STOPPED....

Power reserve	:	33:52

DA36Measurements

Created Friday 08 November 2019

8 November 2019

	08/11/19 : 06:15
	Dial up : 254° : -1
	Dial dn : 261° : +4
	6H	: 243° : -6
	3H	: 237° : -1
	9H	: 222° : -6
	12H	: 226° : 0
	D 	: -5
	Mean	: 241° : -1.6

	08/11/19 : 12:45
	Dial up : 284° : 0
	Dial dn : 281° : +1
	6H	: 266° : -3	
	3H	: 263° : 0
	9H	: 259° : -1
	12H	: 266° : +3
	D 	: -3
	Mean	: 270° : 0

	08/11/19 : 23:20
	Dial up : 280° : -2
	Dial dn : 277° : 0
	6H	: 260° : -3	
	3H	: 261° : 0
	9H	: 254° : -2
	12H	: 259° : +3
	D 	: -1
	Mean	: 265° : 0

9th November 2019

09/11/19 : 06:50
Dial up : 256° : +1
Dial dn : 254° : +3
6H	: 230° : -7	
3H	: 227° : -4
9H	: 234° : -2
12H	: 227° : +1
D 	: -8
Mean	: 238° : -1.3

09/11/19 : 13:10
Dial up : 281° : 0
Dial dn : 282° : 0
6H	: 264° : -4	
3H	: 263° : 0
9H	: 268° : 0
12H	: 260° : +3
D 	: -4
Mean	: 270° : -0.2

09/11/19 : 23:00
Dial up : 286° : -2
Dial dn : 280° : 0
6H	: 260° : -6	
3H	: 256° : -2
9H	: 272° : 0
12H	: 263° : +1
D 	: -4
Mean	: 270° : -1.5

10th November 2019

10/11/19 : 07:05
Dial up : 251° : 0
Dial dn : 246° : +1
6H	: 232° : -8	
3H	: 220° : -8
9H	: 230° : -3
12H	: 230° : 0
D 	: -8
Mean	: 236° : -3

10/11/19 : 14:20	
Dial up : 256° : -4
Dial dn : 248° : -5
6H	: 233° : -13	
3H	: 228° : -6
9H	: 227° : -8
12H	: 226° : -5
D 	: -9
Mean	: 236° : -6.8

Wound manually 40 turns:

Dial up	: 238°	: -5
Dial dn	: 234°	: -6
6H	: 225° 	: -14

Amplitude still low…..

Wound manually > 100 turns:

	
Dial up : 263° : -1
Dial dn : 264° : 0
6H	: 244° : -9	
3H	: 245° : -3
9H	: 256° : -2
12H	: 249° : 0
D 	: -8
Mean	: 253° : -5.0

Rate improved but amplitude still low - can't achieve “full wind power”?

10/11/19 : 16:30
Dial up : 274° : 0
Dial dn : 259° : 0
6H	: 238° : -9	
3H	: 250° : -2
9H	: 245° : -3
12H	: 242° : 0
D 	: -9
Mean	: 251° : -2.3

Back to on-wrist for further observations @ 16:50

Amplitude vs position vs mean rate error

	Date     	Time		Du	Dd	6h	3h	9h	12h	Av	M	
	============================================================================================
	08/11/19	06:15		254	261	243	237	222	226	241	-1.6
	08/11/19	12:45		284	281	266	263	259	266	270	+0.0
	08/11/19	23:20		280	277	260	261	254	259	265	+0.0

	09/11/19	06:50		256	254	230	227	234	227	238	-1.3
	09/11/19	13:10		281	282	264	263	268	260	270	-0.2
	09/11/19	23:00		286	280	260	256	272	263	270	-1.5
	
	10/11/19	07:05		251	246	232	220	230	230	236	-3.0
	10/11/19	14:20		256	248	233	228	227	226	236	-6.8 !!!!!
	10/11/19	16:30		274	259	238	250	245	242	251	-2.3
	10/11/19	17:30		286	281	265	268	259	263	270	-1.
	10/11/19	19:10		259	269	248	249	260	253	256	-1.8
	10/11/19	21:00		293	284	264	260	266	267	272	-2.5
	10/11/19	23:00		270	277	266	250	261	252	262	-3.0

Over to Damasko DA36 Tests 2 (2019)

Dial-Up Amplitude & Rate

Date		Time	Amp.	Rate
=====================================
08/11/19	06:15	254	-1
08/11/19	12:45	284	0	
08/11/19	15:40	281	0
08/11/19	17:00	272	0
08/11/19	23:20	280	-2

09/11/19	06:50	256	+1
09/11/19	10:40	270	-1
09/11/19	13:10	281	0
09/11/19	20:30	288	-1
09/11/19	23:00	286	-2

10/11/19	07:05	251	0
10/11/19	10:10	267	-3
10/11/19	14:20	256	-4 !!! Low amplitude all positions after several hours on wrist.

Goto Damasko DA36 Tests 2 (2019)

Watchcheck measurements

Android Watchcheck (one per day to show overall rate):

Date		Time	Δ(s)	Error(s/d)	Ave(s/d)	Comment
=======================================================================================

08/11/19	06:24	-7.7	-1.6		-2.0		overnight dial down
09/11/19	07:04	-9.5	-1.7		-1.9		overnight dial down
10/11/19	07:02	-11.9	-2.4		-2.1		overnight dial down
11/11/19	06:25	-14.1	-2.3		-2.1		overnight dial up


Python Watchcheck (2 per day to show difference between on-wrist and resting position):

dd/mm/yyyy HH:MM:SS	Δ(s)        Error(s/d)       Ave(s/d)	Comment
===================================================================

08/11/2019 06:25:07     -7.8            +3.6            -1.3	Nighttime dial down = positive
08/11/2019 23:19:10     -10.3           -3.6            -2.0 	daytime on wrist = negative
09/11/2019 07:05:09     -9.5            +2.6            -1.4	Nighttime dial down = positive
09/11/2019 23:05:12     -12.6           -4.8            -2.1	Daytime on wrist = negative
10/11/2019 07:03:11     -11.6           +3.1            -1.6	Nighttime dial down = positive
10/11/2019 23:10:14     -14.2           -3.8            -2.0 	Daytime worn = negative
11/11/2019 06:23:14     -14.1           +0.1            -1.8 	Dial Up overnight. Zero

@watches

Post Power Test Measurements

Return to wrist and allow to reach adequate auto-winding power. Set time & take new Watchcheck reading once amplitude and rate have settled.

21:50 On wrist

22:00
Dial up : 235° : -15
Dial dn : 221° : -17
6H	: 214° : -21	: D = -6
3H	: 229° : -15
9H	: 225° : -16
12H	: 220° : -19
Mean	: -17

* worn overnight in bed - MINIMAL ADDITIONAL AUTO-WINDING? *

Day 1 6/11/19

06:00 	
Dial up : 226° : -10
Dial dn : 233° : -10
6H	: 214° : -20	: D = -10
3H	: 235° : -7
9H	: 210° : -15
12H	: 223° : -6
Mean	: -11

12:15 	
Dial up : 265° : -1
Dial dn : 252° : 0
6H	: 242° : -7	: D = -6
3H	: 241° : -1
9H	: 238° : -4
12H	: 249° : +1
Mean	: -2

15:50	 	
Dial up : 289° : 0
Dial dn : 276° : 0
6H	: 259° : -6	: D = -6
3H	: 267° : 0
9H	: 273° : -1
12H	: 269° : +1
Mean	: -1

19:50	 	
Dial up : 277° : 0
Dial dn : 283° : 0
6H	: 254° : -6	: D = -6
3H	: 251° : -2
9H	: 241° : -3
12H	: 266° : +4
Mean	: -1.5

Day 2 7/11/19

06:00	 	
Dial up : 260° : +1
Dial dn : 252° : +4
6H	: 241° : -4	: D = -5
3H	: 230° : -4
9H	: 199° : -17	********
12H	: 200° : -11    ********
Mean	: -5.2

07:00	 	
Dial up : 270° : -1
Dial dn : 260° : 0
6H	: 246° : -7	: D = -6
3H	: 245° : -2
9H	: 240° : -5
12H	: 245° : 0
Mean	: -2.5

09:20	 	
Dial up : 284° : -1
Dial dn : 281° : +1
6H	: 269° : -2	: D = -1
3H	: 265° : +1
9H	: 265° : 0
12H	: 261° : +3
Mean	: +0.3

21:30		 	
Dial up : 287° : -2
Dial dn : 281° : 0
6H	: 254° : -6	: D = -4
3H	: 262° : -1
9H	: 265° : -2
12H	: 261° : +2
Mean	: -1.5

Day 3 8/11/19

06:15
Dial up : 254° : -1
Dial dn : 261° : +4
6H	: 243° : -6	: D = -5
3H	: 237° : -1
9H	: 222° : -6
12H	: 226° : 0
Mean	: -1.6

12:45
Dial up : 284° : 0
Dial dn : 281° : +1
6H	: 266° : -3	: D = -3
3H	: 263° : 0
9H	: 259° : -1
12H	: 266° : +3
Mean	: 270° : 0

Date     	Time		Du	Dd	6h	3h	9h	12h	Av	M
=============================================================================================
06/11/19	06:30		226	233	214	235	210	223	223	-11.0
06/11/19	12:15		265	252	242	241	238	249	248	-2.0
06/11/19	15:50		289	276	259	267	273	269	272	-1.0
06/11/19	19:50		277	283	254	251	241	266	262	-1.5

07/11/19	06:00		260	252	241	230	199!!	200!!	230	-5.2
07/11/19	07:00		270	260	246	245	240	245	251	-2.5
07/11/19	09:20		284	281	269	265	265	261	271	+0.3
07/11/19	21:30		287	281	254	262	265	261	268	-1.5

08/11/19	06:15		254	261	243	237	222	226	241	-1.6
08/11/19	12:45		284	281	266	263	259	266	270	+0.0




Android Watchcheck:

Date		Time	Δ(s)	Error(s/d)	Ave(s/d)	Comment
=======================================================================================
06/11/19 	06:41 	-3.6					New period started
06/11/19	12:32	-5.4	-7.4		-7.4		after ~6 hours
06/11/19	20:02	-6.2	-2.5		-4.6		after further 7.5 hours
07/11/19	05:55	-6.1	+0.2		-2.6		overnight dial down
08/11/19	06:24	-7.7	-1.6		-2.0		overnight dial down



Python Watchcheck:

dd/mm/yyyy HH:MM:SS	Δ(s)        Error(s/d)       Ave(s/d)	Comment
===================================================================
06/11/2019 20:22:06     -6.2            -2.5            -2.5	Daytime = negative
07/11/2019 05:56:06     -6.1            +0.3            -0.8	Nighttime dial down = positive
08/11/2019 00:36:08     -8.6            -3.3            -2.1	Daytime = negative
08/11/2019 06:25:07     -7.8            +3.6            -1.3	Nighttime dial down = positive

Conclusion

There seems to be nothing wrong.

4 full days of on-wrist testing shows normal amplitude and rate error.

Power-run-down test gives a reserve time of ≥33 hours. This is less than the ETA 2836-2 spec of 38 hours. This may be due to starting the test with less than full wind? 33 hours is still acceptable. Rate and amplitude drops after 24 hours, but accumulated error is still acceptable if the test had been stopped before completion and the watch worn (an additional ~5 seconds of loss over the 33 hours of testing).

Restarting and achieving full-power/amplitude & normal rate error takes some time on-wrist - avoiding manually winding as far as possible, just enough to start the movement running. Is there still an intermittent problem with the winding or power?

Time will tell.

Further monitoring under Damasko DA36 Measurements (2019)

Page Updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

watch, damasko

MB7AZE SvxLink Config

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←SVXLink

MB7AZE is now QRT and the NoV has expired.

The following is for historical interest only….

MB7AZE SvxLink Config

Main config file

svxlink.conf

svxlink.conf

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
#                Configuration file for the SvxLink server                    #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
[GLOBAL]
#MODULE_PATH=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/svxlink
LOGICS=SimplexLogic,ReflectorLogic
CFG_DIR=svxlink.d
TIMESTAMP_FORMAT="%c"
CARD_SAMPLE_RATE=48000
#CARD_CHANNELS=1
LOCATION_INFO=LocationInfo
LINKS=LinkToReflector
 
[SimplexLogic]
TYPE=Simplex
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleParrot
CALLSIGN=MB7AZE
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=15
SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE=1
SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE=0
LONG_VOICE_ID_ENABLE=1
CW_AMP=-20
CW_PITCH=1000
CW_WPM=20
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
#REPORT_CTCSS=77.0
TX_CTCSS=ALWAYS
MACROS=Macros
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
ONLINE_CMD=998877
#MUTE_RX_ON_TX=1
#MUTE_TX_ON_RX=1
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/simplex_dtmf_ctrl
TIME_FORMAT=24
RGR_SOUND_ALWAYS=1
 
[RepeaterLogic]
TYPE=Repeater
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleParrot,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleTclVoiceMail
CALLSIGN=MYCALL
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=10
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
REPORT_CTCSS=136.5
#TX_CTCSS=SQL_OPEN
MACROS=Macros
#SEL5_MACRO_RANGE=03400,03499
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
#NO_REPEAT=1
IDLE_TIMEOUT=30
OPEN_ON_1750=1000
#OPEN_ON_CTCSS=136:2000
#OPEN_ON_DTMF=*
#OPEN_ON_SQL=5000
#OPEN_ON_SEL5=01234
#OPEN_SQL_FLANK=OPEN
#OPEN_ON_SQL_AFTER_RPT_CLOSE=10
IDLE_SOUND_INTERVAL=3000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MIN_TIME=1000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MAX_COUNT=10
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#IDENT_NAG_TIMEOUT=15
#IDENT_NAG_MIN_TIME=2000
#ONLINE_CMD=998877
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/repeater_dtmf_ctrl
 
[ReflectorLogic]
TYPE=Reflector
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
HOSTS="put the right server address in here"
HOST_PORT=5300
CALLSIGN=MB7AZE
AUTH_KEY="put the right password in here"
JITTER_BUFFER_DELAY=0
DEFAULT_TG=0
MONITOR_TGS=8,91,235,2350,2351,23520,23590,23561
TG_SELECT_TIMEOUT=60
ANNOUNCE_REMOTE_MIN_INTERVAL=300
MUTE_FIRST_TX_LOC=0
MUTE_FIRST_TX_REM=0
TMP_MONITOR_TIMEOUT=3600
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
NODE_INFO_FILE=/usr/local/etc/svxlink/node_info.json
 
[LinkToReflector]
CONNECT_LOGICS=SimplexLogic:9:,ReflectorLogic
DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
#TIMEOUT=300
#AUTOACTIVATE_ON_SQL=RepeaterLogic
OPTIONS=DEFAULT_CONNECT,NO_DISCONNECT
 
[QsoRecorder]
REC_DIR=/var/spool/svxlink/qso_recorder
#MIN_TIME=1000
MAX_TIME=3600
SOFT_TIME=300
MAX_DIRSIZE=1024
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
#TIMEOUT=300
#QSO_TIMEOUT=300
#ENCODER_CMD=/usr/bin/oggenc -Q \"%f\" && rm \"%f\"
 
[Voter]
TYPE=Voter
RECEIVERS=Rx1,Rx2,Rx3
VOTING_DELAY=200
BUFFER_LENGTH=0
#REVOTE_INTERVAL=1000
#HYSTERESIS=50
#SQL_CLOSE_REVOTE_DELAY=500
#RX_SWITCH_DELAY=500
#COMMAND_PTY=/dev/shm/voter_ctrl
 
[MultiTx]
TYPE=Multi
TRANSMITTERS=Tx1,Tx2,Tx3
 
[NetRx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.rx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[NetTx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.tx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[Rx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
SQL_DET=CTCSS
SQL_START_DELAY=0
SQL_DELAY=0
SQL_HANGTIME=200
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME=1000
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME_THRESH=15
#SQL_TIMEOUT=600
VOX_FILTER_DEPTH=20
VOX_THRESH=1000
#CTCSS_MODE=2
CTCSS_FQ=77.0
#CTCSS_SNR_OFFSET=0
#CTCSS_OPEN_THRESH=15
#CTCSS_CLOSE_THRESH=9
#CTCSS_BPF_LOW=60
#CTCSS_BPF_HIGH=270
#SERIAL_PORT=/dev/ttyUSB0
#SERIAL_PIN=CTS
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=
#EVDEV_DEVNAME=/dev/input/by-id/usb-SYNIC_SYNIC_Wireless_Audio-event-if03
#EVDEV_OPEN=1,163,1
#EVDEV_CLOSE=1,163,0
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#GPIO_SQL_PIN=gpio25
#PTY_PATH=/tmp/rx1_sql
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_SQL_PIN=!VOL_DN
#SIGLEV_DET=NOISE
SIGLEV_SLOPE=1
SIGLEV_OFFSET=0
#SIGLEV_BOGUS_THRESH=120
#TONE_SIGLEV_MAP=100,84,60,50,37,32,28,23,19,8
SIGLEV_OPEN_THRESH=30
SIGLEV_CLOSE_THRESH=10
DEEMPHASIS=1
#SQL_TAIL_ELIM=300
PREAMP=-0.5
#PEAK_METER=1
DTMF_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
DTMF_MUTING=1
DTMF_HANGTIME=40
DTMF_SERIAL=/dev/ttyS0
#DTMF_PTY=/tmp/rx1_dtmf
#DTMF_MAX_FWD_TWIST=8
#DTMF_MAX_REV_TWIST=4
#1750_MUTING=1
#SEL5_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
#SEL5_TYPE=ZVEI1
#FQ=433475000
#MODULATION=FM
#WBRX=WbRx1
 
[WbRx1]
#TYPE=RtlUsb
#DEV_MATCH=0
#HOST=localhost
#PORT=1234
#CENTER_FQ=435075000
#FQ_CORR=0
#GAIN=0
#PEAK_METER=1
#SAMPLE_RATE=960000
 
[Tx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
PTT_TYPE=Hidraw
#PTT_PORT=/dev/ttyS0
#PTT_PIN=HIDRAW
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_PTT_PIN=GPIO3
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=DTR!RTS
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#PTT_HANGTIME=1000
TIMEOUT=300
TX_DELAY=500
CTCSS_FQ=77.0
CTCSS_LEVEL=20
PREEMPHASIS=1
DTMF_TONE_LENGTH=100
DTMF_TONE_SPACING=50
DTMF_DIGIT_PWR=-15
MASTER_GAIN=-3.5
 
[LocationInfo]
APRS_SERVER_LIST=euro.aprs2.net:14580
STATUS_SERVER_LIST=aprs.echolink.org:5199
LON_POSITION=1.25.30W
LAT_POSITION=60.17.18N
CALLSIGN=EL-MB7AZE
FREQUENCY=430.050
TX_POWER=1
ANTENNA_GAIN=0
ANTENNA_HEIGHT=1m
ANTENNA_DIR=-1
#PATH=WIDE1-1
BEACON_INTERVAL=60
TONE=77
COMMENT=Connected to UK Svx Reflector
 
[Macros]
1=EchoLink:9999#
2=EchoLink:973498#
3=EchoLink:662666#
4=:91235#
5=:9123561#
9=:910#

Audio levels

Devcal

Use the devcal program to set RX and TX audio levels.

This allows adjustment of alsamixer settings and then for fine tuning adjustment of PRE-AMP (for RX) and MASTER GAIN (for TX) config options to set the correct audio level INPUT on RX and deviation on TX.

Once the correct PRE-AMP or MASTER GAIN values have been determined in DEVCAL they are added to the relevant sections in svxlink.conf

To use DEVCAL first sudo killall svxlink

For Receive audio input:

sudo devcal -r -m=3000 -d=3000 /usr/local/etc/svxlink/svxlink.conf Rx1

Inject a signal to the radio @ ±3kHz deviation Adjust audio input level via

radio volume control
alsamixer Mic Capture level
devcal +/- to adjust PRE-AMP setting

until the displayed deviation agrees with the input signal's deviation.

Quit devcal

Transfer the displayed PRE-AMP value to the conf file.

For Transmit audio output

Monitor TX deviation

sudo devcal -t -m=3000 -d=3000 /usr/local/etc/svxlink/svxlink.conf Tx1

Toggle TX with T

Adjust

Alsamixer output
devcal +/-

to achieve ±3kHz TX deviation.

Turn off TX with T

Quit devcal

Copy the displayed MASTER GAIN value to the conf file.

sudo alsactl store

to save current mixer levels.

To prevent Echolink incoming connections while a Talkgroup is active

Uncomment :

proc tg_selected {new_tg old_tg} {
  puts "### tg_selected #$new_tg (old #$old_tg)"
  # Reject incoming Echolink connections while a talkgroup is active
  if {$new_tg != 0} {
    setConfigValue "ModuleEchoLink" "REJECT_INCOMING" "^.*$"
  } else {
    setConfigValue "ModuleEchoLink" "REJECT_INCOMING" "^$"
  }
}

in /usr/local/share/svxlink/events.d/local/ReflectorLogic.tcl

<svxinstall>/events.d/local/

Here are the 3 files containing tweaks to the standard behaviour.

Editing the original files (in events.d/) would work, but would get overwritten if the software is upgraded/re-installed. Putting local copies in events.d/local means the changes survive upgrades etc.

The actual path is:

/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.d/local/

I'll try to document what is different once I refresh my memory.

ReflectorLogic.tcl

###############################################################################
#
# ReflectorLogic event handlers
#
###############################################################################

#
# This is the namespace in which all functions below will exist. The name
# must match the corresponding section "[ReflectorLogic]" in the configuration
# file. The name may be changed but it must be changed in both places.
#
namespace eval ReflectorLogic {
 
# The currently selected TG. Variable set from application.
variable selected_tg 0

# The previously selected TG. Variable set from application.
variable previous_tg 0

# Timestamp for previous TG announcement
variable prev_announce_time 0

# The previously announced TG
variable prev_announce_tg 0

# The minimum time between announcements of the same TG.
# Change through ANNOUNCE_REMOTE_MIN_INTERVAL config variable.
variable announce_remote_min_interval 0

# This variable will be set to 1 if the QSY pending feature ("QSY on squelch
# activity") is active. See configuration variable QSY_PENDING_TIMEOUT.
variable qsy_pending_active 0

#
# Checking to see if this is the correct logic core
#
if {$logic_name != [namespace tail [namespace current]]} {
  return;
}

 
#
# Executed when an unknown command is received
#   cmd - The command string
#
proc unknown_command {cmd} {
  Logic::unknown_command $cmd;
}

 
#
# Executed when a received command fails
#
proc command_failed {cmd} {
  Logic::command_failed $cmd;
}

 
#
# Executed when manual TG announcement is triggered
#
proc report_tg_status {} {
  variable selected_tg
  variable previous_tg
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
  playSilence 100
  if {$selected_tg > 0} {
    set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
    set prev_announce_tg $selected_tg
    playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
    spellNumber $selected_tg
  } else {
    playMsg "Core" "previous"
    playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
    spellNumber $previous_tg
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected
# This function is called immediately when a change in talkgroup selection
# occurs. In constrast, the other more specific talkgroup selection event
# functions below is called with a delay in order to make announcement ordering
# more logical.
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_selected {new_tg old_tg} {
  puts "### tg_selected #$new_tg (old #$old_tg)"
  # Reject incoming Echolink connections while a talkgroup is active
  if {$new_tg != 0} {
    setConfigValue "ModuleEchoLink" "REJECT_INCOMING" "^.*$"
  } else {
    setConfigValue "ModuleEchoLink" "REJECT_INCOMING" "^$"
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected due to local activity
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_local_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
  variable selected_tg
 
  puts "### tg_local_activation"
  if {$new_tg != $old_tg} {
    set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
    set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
    playSilence 100
    playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
    spellNumber $new_tg
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected due to remote activity
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_remote_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
  variable announce_remote_min_interval
 
  puts "### tg_remote_activation"
  set now [clock seconds];
  if {($new_tg == $prev_announce_tg) && \
      ($now - $prev_announce_time < $announce_remote_min_interval)} {
    return;
  }
  if {$new_tg != $old_tg} {
    set prev_announce_time $now
    set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
    playSilence 100
    playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
    spellNumber $new_tg
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected due to remote activity on a prioritized
# monitored talk group while a lower prio talk group is selected
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_remote_prio_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  tg_remote_activation $new_tg $old_tg
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected by DTMF command
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_command_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
 
  puts "### tg_command_activation"
  set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
  set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
  spellNumber $new_tg
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG has been selected due to DEFAULT_TG configuration
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_default_activation {new_tg old_tg} {
  #variable prev_announce_time
  #variable prev_announce_tg
  #variable selected_tg
  puts "### tg_default_activation"
  #if {$new_tg != $old_tg} {
  #  set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
  #  set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
  #  playSilence 100
  #  playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
  # spellNumber $new_tg
  #}
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG QSY request have been acted upon
#
#   new_tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_qsy {new_tg old_tg} {
  variable prev_announce_time
  variable prev_announce_tg
 
  puts "### tg_qsy"
  set prev_announce_time [clock seconds]
  set prev_announce_tg $new_tg
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "qsy"
  #playMsg "Core" "talk_group"
  spellNumber $new_tg
}

 
#
# Executed when a QSY is followed due to squelch open (see QSY_PENDING_TIMEOUT)
#
#   tg -- The talk group that has been activated
#
proc tg_qsy_on_sql {tg} {
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "qsy"
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG QSY request fails
#
# A TG QSY may fail for primarily two reasons, either no talk group is
# currently active or there is no connection to the reflector server.
#
proc tg_qsy_failed {} {
  puts "### tg_qsy_failed"
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "qsy"
  playSilence 200
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed"
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG QSY request is pending
#
# tg -- The talk group requested in the QSY
#
proc tg_qsy_pending {tg} {
  playSilence 100
  playMsg "Core" "qsy"
  spellNumber $tg
  playMsg "Core" "pending"
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG QSY request is ignored
#
# tg -- The talk group requested in the QSY
#
proc tg_qsy_ignored {tg} {
  variable qsy_pending_active
  playSilence 100
  if {!$qsy_pending_active} {
    playMsg "Core" "qsy"
    spellNumber $tg
  }
  playMsg "Core" "ignored"
  playSilence 500
  playTone 880 200 50
  playTone 659 200 50
  playTone 440 200 50
  playSilence 100
}

 
#
# Executed when a TG selection has timed out
#
#   new_tg -- Always 0
#   old_tg -- The talk group that was active
#
proc tg_selection_timeout {new_tg old_tg} {
  puts "### tg_selection_timeout"
  if {$old_tg != 0} {
    playSilence 50
    playTone 880 200 50
    playTone 659 200 50
    playTone 440 200 50
    playSilence 50
#  } else {
#    playSilence 50
#    playTone 440 200 150
#    playSilence 50
 
}
}

#
# Executed on talker start
#
#   tg        -- The talk group
#   callsign  -- The callsign of the talker node
#
proc talker_start {tg callsign} {
  #puts "### Talker DID start on TG #$tg: $callsign"
}

 
#
# Executed on talker stop
#
#   tg        -- The talk group
#   callsign  -- The callsign of the talker node
#
proc talker_stop {tg callsign} {
  variable selected_tg
  variable ::Logic::CFG_CALLSIGN
  #puts "### Talker DID stop on TG #$tg: $callsign"
  if {($tg == $selected_tg) && ($callsign != $::Logic::CFG_CALLSIGN)} {
    playSilence 100
    playTone 440 200 50
    playTone 659 200 50
    playTone 880 200 50
    playSilence 100
  }
}

 
#
# A talk group was added for temporary monitoring
#
#   tg -- The added talk group
#
proc tmp_monitor_add {tg} {
  puts "### tmp_monitor_add: $tg"
  playSilence 50
  playMsg "Default" "activating"
  playMsg "Core" "monitor"
  spellNumber $tg
}

 
#
# A talk group was removed from temporary monitoring
#
#   tg -- The removed talk group
#
proc tmp_monitor_remove {tg} {
  puts "### tmp_monitor_remove: $tg"
  playSilence 50
  playMsg "Default" "deactivating"
  playMsg "Core" "monitor"
  spellNumber $tg
}
 
 
if [info exists ::Logic::CFG_ANNOUNCE_REMOTE_MIN_INTERVAL] {
  set announce_remote_min_interval $::Logic::CFG_ANNOUNCE_REMOTE_MIN_INTERVAL
}
 
if [info exists ::Logic::CFG_QSY_PENDING_TIMEOUT] {
  if {$::Logic::CFG_QSY_PENDING_TIMEOUT > 0} {
    set qsy_pending_active 1
  }
}

 
# end of namespace
}

 
#
# This file has not been truncated
#

Logic.tcl

###############################################################################
#
# Generic Logic event handlers
#
###############################################################################

#
# This is the namespace in which all functions and variables below will exist.
#
namespace eval Logic {
 
 
#
# A variable used to store a timestamp for the last identification.
#
variable prev_ident 0;
 
#
# A constant that indicates the minimum time in seconds to wait between two
# identifications. Manual and long identifications is not affected.
#
variable min_time_between_ident 120;
 
#
# Short and long identification intervals. They are setup from config
# variables below.
#
variable short_ident_interval 0;
variable long_ident_interval 0;
 
variable short_voice_id_enable  1
variable short_cw_id_enable     0
variable short_announce_enable  0
variable short_announce_file    ""
 
variable long_voice_id_enable   1
variable long_cw_id_enable      0
variable long_announce_enable   0
variable long_announce_file     ""

#
# The ident_only_after_tx variable indicates if identification is only to
# occur after the node has transmitted. The variable is setup below from the
# configuration variable with the same name.
# The need_ident variable indicates if identification is needed.
#
variable ident_only_after_tx 0;
variable need_ident 0;
 
#
# List of functions that should be called periodically. Use the
# addMinuteTickSubscriber and addSecondTickSubscriber functions to
# add subscribers.
#
variable minute_tick_subscribers [list];
variable second_tick_subscribers [list];
 
#
# Contains the ID of the last receiver that indicated squelch activity
#
variable sql_rx_id "?";
 
#
# Executed when the SvxLink software is started
#
proc startup {} {
  #playMsg "Core" "online"
  #send_short_ident
}

 
#
# Executed when a specified module could not be found
#   module_id - The numeric ID of the module
#
proc no_such_module {module_id} {
  playMsg "Core" "no_such_module";
  playNumber $module_id;
}

 
#
# Executed when a manual identification is initiated with the * DTMF code
#
proc manual_identification {} {
  global mycall;
  global report_ctcss;
  global active_module;
  global loaded_modules;
  variable CFG_TYPE;
  variable prev_ident;
 
  set epoch [clock seconds];
  set hour [clock format $epoch -format "%k"];
  regexp {([1-5]?\d)$} [clock format $epoch -format "%M"] -> minute;
  set prev_ident $epoch;
 
  playMsg "Core" "online";
  spellWord $mycall;
  if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
    playMsg "Core" "repeater";
  }
  playSilence 250;
  playMsg "Core" "the_time_is";
  playTime $hour $minute;
  playSilence 250;
  if {$report_ctcss > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "pl_is";
    playFrequency $report_ctcss
    playSilence 300;
  }
  if {$active_module != ""} {
    playMsg "Core" "active_module";
    playMsg $active_module "name";
    playSilence 250;
    set func "::";
    append func $active_module "::status_report";
    if {"[info procs $func]" ne ""} {
      $func;
    }
  } else {
    foreach module [split $loaded_modules " "] {
      set func "::";
      append func $module "::status_report";
      if {"[info procs $func]" ne ""} {
	$func;
      }
    }
  }
  #playMsg "Default" "press_0_for_help"
  #playSilence 250;
}

 
#
# Executed when a short identification should be sent
#   hour    - The hour on which this identification occur
#   minute  - The minute on which this identification occur
#
proc send_short_ident {{hour -1} {minute -1}} {
  global mycall;
  variable CFG_TYPE;
  variable short_announce_file
  variable short_announce_enable
  variable short_voice_id_enable
  variable short_cw_id_enable

  # Play voice id if enabled
  if {$short_voice_id_enable} {
    puts "Playing short voice ID"
    spellWord $mycall;
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      playMsg "Core" "repeater";
    }
    playSilence 500;
  }

  # Play announcement file if enabled
  if {$short_announce_enable} {
    puts "Playing short announce"
    if [file exist "$short_announce_file"] {
      playFile "$short_announce_file"
      playSilence 500
    }
  }

  # Play CW id if enabled
  if {$short_cw_id_enable} {
    puts "Playing short CW ID"
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      set call "$mycall/R"
      CW::play $call
    } else {
      CW::play $mycall
    }
    playSilence 500;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a long identification (e.g. hourly) should be sent
#   hour    - The hour on which this identification occur
#   minute  - The minute on which this identification occur
#
proc send_long_ident {hour minute} {
  global mycall;
  global loaded_modules;
  global active_module;
  variable CFG_TYPE;
  variable long_announce_file
  variable long_announce_enable
  variable long_voice_id_enable
  variable long_cw_id_enable

  # Play the voice ID if enabled
  if {$long_voice_id_enable} {
    puts "Playing Long voice ID"
    spellWord $mycall;
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      playMsg "Core" "repeater";
    }
    playSilence 500;
    playMsg "Core" "the_time_is";
    playSilence 100;
    playTime $hour $minute;
    playSilence 500;
 
    # Call the "status_report" function in all modules if no module is active
    if {$active_module == ""} {
      foreach module [split $loaded_modules " "] {
        set func "::";
        append func $module "::status_report";
        if {"[info procs $func]" ne ""} {
          $func;
        }
      }
    }
 
    playSilence 500;
  }

  # Play announcement file if enabled
  if {$long_announce_enable} {
    puts "Playing long announce"
    if [file exist "$long_announce_file"] {
      playFile "$long_announce_file"
      playSilence 500
    }
  }

  # Play CW id if enabled
  if {$long_cw_id_enable} {
    puts "Playing long CW ID"
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      set call "$mycall/R"
      CW::play $call
    } else {
      CW::play $mycall
    }
    playSilence 100
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when the squelch have just closed and the RGR_SOUND_DELAY timer has
# expired.
#
proc send_rgr_sound {} {
  variable sql_rx_id
 
  if {$sql_rx_id != "?"} {
    # 150 CPM, 1000 Hz, -4 dBFS
    CW::play $sql_rx_id 150 1000 -4
    set sql_rx_id "?"
  } else {
    playTone 440 500 100
  }
  playSilence 100
}

 
#
# Executed when an empty macro command (i.e. D#) has been entered.
#
proc macro_empty {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when an entered macro command could not be found
#
proc macro_not_found {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a macro syntax error occurs (configuration error).
#
proc macro_syntax_error {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when the specified module in a macro command is not found
# (configuration error).
#
proc macro_module_not_found {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when the activation of the module specified in the macro command
# failed.
#
proc macro_module_activation_failed {} {
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a macro command is executed that requires a module to
# be activated but another module is already active.
#
proc macro_another_active_module {} {
  global active_module;
 
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
  playMsg "Core" "active_module";
  playMsg $active_module "name";
}

 
#
# Executed when an unknown DTMF command is entered
#   cmd - The command string
#
proc unknown_command {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playMsg "Core" "unknown_command";
}

 
#
# Executed when an entered DTMF command failed
#   cmd - The command string
#
proc command_failed {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playMsg "Core" "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a link to another logic core is activated.
#   name  - The name of the link
#
proc activating_link {name} {
  if {[string length $name] > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "activating_link_to";
    spellWord $name;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a link to another logic core is deactivated.
#   name  - The name of the link
#
proc deactivating_link {name} {
  if {[string length $name] > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "deactivating_link_to";
    spellWord $name;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when trying to deactivate a link to another logic core but the
# link is not currently active.
#   name  - The name of the link
#
proc link_not_active {name} {
  if {[string length $name] > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "link_not_active_to";
    spellWord $name;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when trying to activate a link to another logic core but the
# link is already active.
#   name  - The name of the link
#
proc link_already_active {name} {
  if {[string length $name] > 0} {
    playMsg "Core" "link_already_active_to";
    spellWord $name;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed each time the transmitter is turned on or off
#   is_on - Set to 1 if the transmitter is on or 0 if it's off
#
proc transmit {is_on} {
  #puts "Turning the transmitter $is_on";
  variable prev_ident;
  variable need_ident;
  if {$is_on && ([clock seconds] - $prev_ident > 5)} {
    set need_ident 1;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed each time the squelch is opened or closed
#   rx_id   - The ID of the RX that the squelch opened/closed on
#   is_open - Set to 1 if the squelch is open or 0 if it's closed
#
proc squelch_open {rx_id is_open} {
  variable sql_rx_id;
  #puts "The squelch is $is_open on RX $rx_id";
  set sql_rx_id $rx_id;
}

 
#
# Executed when a DTMF digit has been received
#   digit     - The detected DTMF digit
#   duration  - The duration, in milliseconds, of the digit
#
# Return 1 to hide the digit from further processing in SvxLink or
# return 0 to make SvxLink continue processing as normal.
#
proc dtmf_digit_received {digit duration} {
  #puts "DTMF digit \"$digit\" detected with duration $duration ms";
  return 0;
}

 
#
# Executed when a DTMF command has been received
#   cmd - The command
#
# Return 1 to hide the command from further processing is SvxLink or
# return 0 to make SvxLink continue processing as normal.
#
# This function can be used to implement your own custom commands or to disable
# DTMF commands that you do not want users to execute.
proc dtmf_cmd_received {cmd} {
  #global active_module

  # Example: Ignore all commands starting with 3 in the EchoLink module.
  #          Allow commands that have four or more digits.
  #if {$active_module == "EchoLink"} {
  #  if {[string length $cmd] < 4 && [string index $cmd 0] == "3"} {
  #    puts "Ignoring random connect command for module EchoLink: $cmd"
  #    return 1
  #  }
  #}

  # Handle the "force core command" mode where a command is forced to be
  # executed by the core command processor instead of by an active module.
  # The "force core command" mode is entered by prefixing a command by a star.
  #if {$active_module != "" && [string index $cmd 0] != "*"} {
  #  return 0
  #}
  #if {[string index $cmd 0] == "*"} {
  #  set cmd [string range $cmd 1 end]
  #}

  # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 99 is received
  #if {$cmd == "99"} {
  #  puts "Executing external command"
  #  playMsg "Core" "online"
  #  exec ls &
  #  return 1
  #}
 
  return 0
}

 
#
# Executed once every whole minute. Don't put any code here directly
# Create a new function and add it to the timer tick subscriber list
# by using the function addMinuteTickSubscriber.
#
proc every_minute {} {
  variable minute_tick_subscribers;
  #puts [clock format [clock seconds] -format "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"];
  foreach subscriber $minute_tick_subscribers {
    $subscriber;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed once every whole minute. Don't put any code here directly
# Create a new function and add it to the timer tick subscriber list
# by using the function addSecondTickSubscriber.
#
proc every_second {} {
  variable second_tick_subscribers;
  #puts [clock format [clock seconds] -format "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"];
  foreach subscriber $second_tick_subscribers {
    $subscriber;
  }
}

 
#
# Deprecated: Use the addMinuteTickSubscriber function instead
#
proc addTimerTickSubscriber {func} {
  puts "*** WARNING: Calling deprecated TCL event handler addTimerTickSubcriber."
  puts "             Use addMinuteTickSubscriber instead"
  addMinuteTickSubscriber $func;
}

 
#
# Use this function to add a function to the list of functions that
# should be executed once every whole minute. This is not an event
# function but rather a management function.
#
proc addMinuteTickSubscriber {func} {
  variable minute_tick_subscribers;
  lappend minute_tick_subscribers $func;
}

 
#
# Use this function to add a function to the list of functions that
# should be executed once every second. This is not an event
# function but rather a management function.
#
proc addSecondTickSubscriber {func} {
  variable second_tick_subscribers;
  lappend second_tick_subscribers $func;
}

 
#
# Should be executed once every whole minute to check if it is time to
# identify. Not exactly an event function. This function handle the
# identification logic and call the send_short_ident or send_long_ident
# functions when it is time to identify.
#
proc checkPeriodicIdentify {} {
  variable prev_ident;
  variable short_ident_interval;
  variable long_ident_interval;
  variable min_time_between_ident;
  variable ident_only_after_tx;
  variable need_ident;
  global logic_name;
 
  if {$short_ident_interval == 0} {
    return;
  }
 
  set now [clock seconds];
  set hour [clock format $now -format "%k"];
  regexp {([1-5]?\d)$} [clock format $now -format "%M"] -> minute;
 
  set short_ident_now \
      	    [expr {($hour * 60 + $minute) % $short_ident_interval == 0}];
  set long_ident_now 0;
  if {$long_ident_interval != 0} {
    set long_ident_now \
      	    [expr {($hour * 60 + $minute) % $long_ident_interval == 0}];
  }
 
  if {$long_ident_now} {
    puts "$logic_name: Sending long identification...";
    send_long_ident $hour $minute;
    set prev_ident $now;
    set need_ident 0;
  } else {
    if {$now - $prev_ident < $min_time_between_ident} {
      return;
    }
    if {$ident_only_after_tx && !$need_ident} {
      return;
    }
 
    if {$short_ident_now} {
      puts "$logic_name: Sending short identification...";
      send_short_ident $hour $minute;
      set prev_ident $now;
      set need_ident 0;
    }
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when the QSO recorder is being activated
#
proc activating_qso_recorder {} {
  playMsg "Core" "activating";
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
}

 
#
# Executed when the QSO recorder is being deactivated
#
proc deactivating_qso_recorder {} {
  playMsg "Core" "deactivating";
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
}

 
#
# Executed when trying to deactivate the QSO recorder even though it's
# not active
#
proc qso_recorder_not_active {} {
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
  playMsg "Core" "not_active";
}

 
#
# Executed when trying to activate the QSO recorder even though it's
# already active
#
proc qso_recorder_already_active {} {
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
  playMsg "Core" "already_active";
}

 
#
# Executed when the timeout kicks in to activate the QSO recorder
#
proc qso_recorder_timeout_activate {} {
  playMsg "Core" "timeout"
  playMsg "Core" "activating";
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
}

 
#
# Executed when the timeout kicks in to deactivate the QSO recorder
#
proc qso_recorder_timeout_deactivate {} {
  playMsg "Core" "timeout"
  playMsg "Core" "deactivating";
  playMsg "Core" "qso_recorder";
}

 
#
# Executed when the user is requesting a language change
#
proc set_language {lang_code} {
  global logic_name;
  puts "$logic_name: Setting language $lang_code (NOT IMPLEMENTED)";
 
}

 
#
# Executed when the user requests a list of available languages
#
proc list_languages {} {
  global logic_name;
  puts "$logic_name: Available languages: (NOT IMPLEMENTED)";
 
}

 
#
# Executed when the node is being brought online or offline
#
proc logic_online {online} {
  global mycall
  variable CFG_TYPE
 
  if {$online} {
    playMsg "Core" "online";
    spellWord $mycall;
    if {$CFG_TYPE == "Repeater"} {
      playMsg "Core" "repeater";
    }
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a configuration variable is updated at runtime in the logic
# core
#
proc config_updated {tag value} {
  #puts "Configuration variable updated: $tag=$value"
}

 
#
# Executed when a DTMF command is received from another linked logic core
#
#   logic -- The name of the logic core
#   cmd   -- The received command
#
proc remote_cmd_received {logic cmd} {
  #puts "Remote command received from logic $logic: $cmd"
  #playDtmf "$cmd" "500" "50"
}

 
#
# Executed when a talkgroup is received from another linked logic core
#
#   logic -- The name of the logic core
#   tg    -- The received talkgroup
#
proc remote_received_tg_updated {logic tg} {
  #puts "Remote TG received from logic $logic: $tg"
  #if {$tg > 0} {
  #  playDtmf "1$tg" "500" "50"
  #}
}

 
##############################################################################
#
# Main program
#
##############################################################################
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL] {
  if {$CFG_SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL > 0} {
    set short_ident_interval $CFG_SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL;
  }
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL] {
  if {$CFG_LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL > 0} {
    set long_ident_interval $CFG_LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL;
    if {$short_ident_interval == 0} {
      set short_ident_interval $long_ident_interval;
    }
  }
}
 
if [info exists CFG_IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX] {
  if {$CFG_IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX > 0} {
    set ident_only_after_tx $CFG_IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX;
  }
}
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_ANNOUNCE_ENABLE] {
  set short_announce_enable $CFG_SHORT_ANNOUNCE_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_ANNOUNCE_FILE] {
  set short_announce_file $CFG_SHORT_ANNOUNCE_FILE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE] {
  set short_voice_id_enable $CFG_SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE] {
  set short_cw_id_enable $CFG_SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_ANNOUNCE_ENABLE] {
  set long_announce_enable $CFG_LONG_ANNOUNCE_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_ANNOUNCE_FILE] {
  set long_announce_file $CFG_LONG_ANNOUNCE_FILE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_VOICE_ID_ENABLE] {
  set long_voice_id_enable $CFG_LONG_VOICE_ID_ENABLE
}
 
if [info exists CFG_LONG_CW_ID_ENABLE] {
  set long_cw_id_enable $CFG_LONG_CW_ID_ENABLE
}

 
# end of namespace
}

#
# This file has not been truncated
#

EchoLink.tcl

###############################################################################
#
# EchoLink module event handlers
#
###############################################################################

#
# This is the namespace in which all functions and variables below will exist.
# The name must match the configuration variable "NAME" in the
# [ModuleEchoLink] section in the configuration file. The name may be changed
# but it must be changed in both places.
#
namespace eval EchoLink {
 
#
# Check if this module is loaded in the current logic core
#
if {![info exists CFG_ID]} {
  return;
}

#
# Extract the module name from the current namespace
#
set module_name [namespace tail [namespace current]];
 
#
# An "overloaded" playMsg that eliminates the need to write the module name
# as the first argument.
#
proc playMsg {msg} {
  variable module_name;
  ::playMsg $module_name $msg;
}

 
#
# A convenience function for printing out information prefixed by the
# module name
#
proc printInfo {msg} {
  variable module_name;
  puts "$module_name: $msg";
}

 
#
# This variable is updated by the EchoLink module when a station connects or
# disconnects. It contains the number of currently connected stations.
#
variable num_connected_stations 0;
 
 
#
# Executed when this module is being activated
#
proc activating_module {} {
  variable module_name;
  Module::activating_module $module_name;
}

 
#
# Executed when this module is being deactivated.
#
proc deactivating_module {} {
  variable module_name;
  Module::deactivating_module $module_name;
}

 
#
# Executed when the inactivity timeout for this module has expired.
#
proc timeout {} {
  variable module_name;
  Module::timeout $module_name;
}

 
#
# Executed when playing of the help message for this module has been requested.
#
proc play_help {} {
  variable module_name;
  Module::play_help $module_name;
}

 
#
# Spell an EchoLink callsign
#
proc spellEchoLinkCallsign {call} {
  global langdir
  if [regexp {^(\w+)-L$} $call ignored callsign] {
    spellWord $callsign
    playSilence 50
    playMsg "link"
  } elseif [regexp {^(\w+)-R$} $call ignored callsign] {
    spellWord $callsign
    playSilence 50
    playMsg "repeater"
  } elseif [regexp {^\*(.+)\*$} $call ignored name] {
    playMsg "conference"
    playSilence 50
    set lc_name [string tolower $name]
    if [file exists "$langdir/EchoLink/conf-$lc_name.wav"] {
      playFile "$langdir/EchoLink/conf-$lc_name.wav"
    } else {
      spellEchoLinkCallsign $name
    }
  } else {
    spellWord $call
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a request to list all connected stations is received.
# That is, someone press DTMF "1#" when the EchoLink module is active.
#
proc list_connected_stations {connected_stations} {
  playNumber [llength $connected_stations];
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "connected_stations";
  foreach {call} "$connected_stations" {
    spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
    playSilence 250;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when someone tries to setup an outgoing EchoLink connection but
# the directory server is offline due to communications failure.
#
proc directory_server_offline {} {
  playMsg "directory_server_offline";
}

 
#
# Executed when the limit for maximum number of QSOs has been reached and
# an outgoing connection request is received.
#
proc no_more_connections_allowed {} {
  # FIXME: Change the message to something that makes more sense...
  playMsg "link_busy";
}

 
#
# Executed when a status report is requested. This usually happens at
# manual identification when the user press DTMF "*".
#
proc status_report {} {
  variable num_connected_stations;
  variable module_name;
  global active_module;
 
  if {$active_module == $module_name} {
    playNumber $num_connected_stations;
    playMsg "connected_stations";
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when an EchoLink id cannot be found in an outgoing connect request.
#
proc station_id_not_found {station_id} {
  playNumber $station_id;
  playMsg "not_found";
}

 
#
# Executed when the lookup of an EchoLink callsign fail in an outgoing connect
# request.
#
proc lookup_failed {station_id} {
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a local user tries to connect to the local node.
#
proc self_connect {} {
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when a local user tries to connect to a node that is already
# connected.
#
proc already_connected_to {call} {
  playMsg "already_connected_to";
  playSilence 50;
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
}

 
#
# Executed when an internal error occurs.
#
proc internal_error {} {
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when an outgoing connection has been requested.
#
proc connecting_to {call} {
  playMsg "connecting_to";
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  playSilence 500;
}

 
#
# Executed when an EchoLink connection has been terminated
#
proc disconnected {call} {
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  playMsg "disconnected";
  playSilence 500;
}

 
#
# Executed when an incoming EchoLink connection has been accepted.
#
proc remote_connected {call} {
  playMsg "connected";
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  playSilence 500;
}

 
#
# Executed when an outgoing connection has been established.
#   call - The callsign of the remote station
#
proc connected {call} {
  #puts "Outgoing Echolink connection to $call established"
  playMsg "connected";
  playSilence 500;
}

 
#
# Executed when the list of connected remote EchoLink clients changes
#   client_list - List of connected clients
#
proc client_list_changed {client_list} {
  #foreach {call} $client_list {
  #  puts $call
  #}
}

 
#
# Executed when the EchoLink connection has been idle for too long. The
# connection will be terminated.
#
proc link_inactivity_timeout {} {
  playMsg "timeout";
}

 
#
# Executed when a too short connect by callsign command is received
#
proc cbc_too_short_cmd {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when the connect by callsign function cannot find a match
#
proc cbc_no_match {code} {
  playNumber $code;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "no_match";
}

 
#
# Executed when the connect by callsign list has been retrieved
#
proc cbc_list {call_list} {
  playMsg "choose_station";
  set idx 0;
  foreach {call} $call_list {
    incr idx;
    playSilence 500;
    playNumber $idx;
    playSilence 200;
    spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when the connect by callsign function is manually aborted
#
proc cbc_aborted {} {
  playMsg "aborted";
}

 
#
# Executed when an out of range index is entered in the connect by callsign
# list
#
proc cbc_index_out_of_range {idx} {
  playNumber $idx;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "idx_out_of_range";
}

 
#
# Executed when there are more than nine matches in the connect by
# callsign function
#
proc cbc_too_many_matches {} {
  playMsg "too_many_matches";
}

 
#
# Executed when no station have been chosen in 60 seconds in the connect
# by callsign function
#
proc cbc_timeout {} {
  playMsg "aborted";
}

 
#
# Executed when the disconnect by callsign list has been retrieved
#
proc dbc_list {call_list} {
  playMsg "disconnect_by_callsign";
  playSilence 200
  playMsg "choose_station";
  set idx 0;
  foreach {call} $call_list {
    incr idx;
    playSilence 500;
    playNumber $idx;
    playSilence 200;
    spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when the disconnect by callsign function is manually aborted
#
proc dbc_aborted {} {
  playMsg "disconnect_by_callsign";
  playMsg "aborted";
}

 
#
# Executed when an out of range index is entered in the disconnect by callsign
# list
#
proc dbc_index_out_of_range {idx} {
  playNumber $idx;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "idx_out_of_range";
}

 
#
# Executed when no station have been chosen in 60 seconds in the disconnect
# by callsign function
#
proc dbc_timeout {} {
  playMsg "disconnect_by_callsign";
  playMsg "timeout";
}

 
#
# Executed when a local user enter the DTMF code for playing back the
# local node ID.
#
proc play_node_id {my_node_id} {
  playMsg "node_id_is";
  playSilence 200;
  if { $my_node_id != 0} {
    playNumber $my_node_id;
  } else {
    playMsg "unknown";
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when an entered command failed or have bad syntax.
#
proc command_failed {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playMsg "operation_failed";
}

 
#
# Executed when an unrecognized command has been received.
#
proc unknown_command {cmd} {
  spellWord $cmd;
  playMsg "unknown_command";
}

 
#
# Executed when the listen only feature is activated or deactivated
#   status    - The current status of the feature (0=deactivated, 1=activated)
#   activate  - The requested new status of the feature
#               (0=deactivate, 1=activate)
#
proc listen_only {status activate} {
  variable module_name;
 
  if {$status == $activate} {
    playMsg "listen_only";
    playMsg [expr {$status ? "already_active" : "not_active"}];
  } else {
    puts "$module_name: [expr {$activate ? "Activating" : "Deactivating"}]\
          listen only mode.";
    playMsg [expr {$activate ? "activating" : "deactivating"}];
    playMsg "listen_only";
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when an outgoing connection is rejected. This can happen if
# REJECT_OUTGOING and/or ACCEPT_OUTGOING has been setup.
#
proc reject_outgoing_connection {call} {
  spellEchoLinkCallsign $call;
  playSilence 50;
  playMsg "reject_connection";
}

 
#
# Executed when a transmission from an EchoLink station is starting
# or stopping
#   rx   - 1 if receiving or 0 if not
#   call - The callsign of the remote station
#
#
proc is_receiving {rx call} {
  if {$rx == 0} {
    playTone 1000 100 100;
  }
}

 
#
# Executed when a chat message is received from a remote station
#
#   msg -- The message text
#
# WARNING: This is a slightly dangerous function since unexepected input
# may open up a security flaw. Make sure that the message string is handled
# as unknown data that can contain anything. Check it thoroughly before
# using it. Do not run SvxLink as user root.
proc chat_received {msg} {
  #puts $msg
}

 
#
# Executed when an info message is received from a remote station
#
#   call -- The callsign of the sending station
#   msg  -- The message text
#
# WARNING: This is a slightly dangerous function since unexepected input
# may open up a security flaw. Make sure that the message string is handled
# as unknown data that can contain anything. Check it thoroughly before
# using it. Do not run SvxLink as user root.
proc info_received {call msg} {
  #puts "$call: $msg"
}

 
#
# Executed when a configuration variable is updated at runtime
#
proc config_updated {tag value} {
  #puts "Configuration variable updated: $tag=$value"
}

 
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The events below are for remote EchoLink announcements. Sounds are not
# played over the local transmitter but are sent to the remote station.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
# Executed when an incoming connection is accepted
#
proc remote_greeting {call} {
#  playSilence 1000;
#  playMsg "greeting";
}

 
#
# Executed when an incoming connection is rejected
#
proc reject_remote_connection {perm} {
  playSilence 1000;
  if {$perm} {
    playMsg "reject_connection";
  } else {
    playMsg "reject_connection";
    playMsg "please_try_again_later"
  }
  playSilence 1000;
}

 
#
# Executed when the inactivity timer times out
#
proc remote_timeout {} {
  playMsg "timeout";
  playSilence 1000;
}

 
#
# Executed when the squelch state changes
#
proc squelch_open {is_open} {
  # The listen_only_active and CFG_REMOTE_RGR_SOUND global variables are set by
  # the C++ code
  variable listen_only_active
  variable CFG_REMOTE_RGR_SOUND
  if {$CFG_REMOTE_RGR_SOUND && !$is_open && !$listen_only_active} {
    playSilence 200
    playTone 1000 100 100
  }
}

 
# end of namespace
}

#
# This file has not been truncated
#

John Pumford-Green Tue May 3 20:58:10 2022

Page Updated : 04/06/26 07:39 BST

svxlink, mb7aze, radio

DokuWiki Unison Backup

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 07:17:50 +0000

DokuWiki Unison Backup

Using unison to sync a copy of the full dokuwiki data on the VPS to a Dropbox folder on my Shack PC, so that I have a backup copy, in the cloud in case of disaster. I'd hate to lose all the work that goes into writing this stuff…

Config Files

on the Shack PC create a ~/.unison/dokuwiki.prf file

root = /home/gm4slv/Dropbox/Documents/dokuwiki
root = ssh://gm4slv.org.uk//var/www/html/dokuwiki
sshargs = -C

To account for making the laptop's copy into a git repository I added:

ignore = Path .git

to the laptop config (see Github Repository ) — John Pumford-Green 29/05/22 00:29

on the VPS server create a similar ~/.unison/dokuwiki.prf file

root = /home/gm4slv/dokuwiki
root = ssh://gm4slv.plus.com:27659/Dropbox/Documents/dokuwiki
sshargs = -C

First Run

Run the first time on the Shack PC to download the dokuwiki directory tree from the VPS

unison dokuwiki

gm4slv@laptop:~/.unison $ unison dokuwiki
Unison 2.51.3 (ocaml 4.11.1): Contacting server...
Connected [//gm4slv//var/www/html/dokuwiki -> //laptop//home/gm4slv/Dropbox/Docu                                                                                                 ments/dokuwiki]
Looking for changes
Warning: No archive files were found for these roots, whose canonical names are:
        /home/gm4slv/Dropbox/Documents/dokuwiki
        //gm4slv//var/www/html/dokuwiki
This can happen either
because this is the first time you have synchronized these roots,
or because you have upgraded Unison to a new version with a different
archive format.

Update detection may take a while on this run if the replicas are
large.

Unison will assume that the 'last synchronized state' of both replicas
was completely empty.  This means that any files that are different
will be reported as conflicts, and any files that exist only on one
replica will be judged as new and propagated to the other replica.
If the two replicas are identical, then no changes will be reported.

If you see this message repeatedly, it may be because one of your machines
is getting its address from DHCP, which is causing its host name to change
between synchronizations.  See the documentation for the UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME
environment variable for advice on how to correct this.

Donations to the Unison project are gratefully accepted:
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison


Press return to continue.[<spc>]
  Waiting for changes from server
Reconciling changes

local          gm4slv
         <---- file       .htaccess.dist  [f]
         <---- file       COPYING  [f]
         <---- file       README  [f]
         <---- file       VERSION  [f]
         <---- dir        bin  [f]
         <---- dir        conf  [f]
         <---- dir        data  [f]
         <---- file       doku.php  [f]
         <---- file       feed.php  [f]
         <---- dir        inc  [f]
         <---- file       index.php  [f]
         <---- file       install.php  [f]
         <---- dir        lib  [f]
         <---- dir        vendor  [f]

Proceed with propagating updates? [] y
Propagating updates

........

Everything is downloaded from the VPS and saved in the Dropbox folder, from where it is uploaded to the cloud.

Future runs...

I could automate the process, using various command line switches to automatically “do the right thing” without needing to answer Yes/No questions

unison -auto -batch -silent dokuwiki

and even put it in a cron job, but for now just running it every now and again manually might be enough.

restore from backup

If the VPS version of the dokuwiki ever gets totally screwed up I can restore it by running the same script from the other side and chosing which direction to do the sync in ( shack → VPS )

on the VPS server

unison dokuwkiki

which will pull the last sync'd version from my backup to my home directory on the VPS ( i.e. not straight to /var/www/html/dokuwiki) from where I can copy it back to the webserver directory.

I can run this command regularly to keep a mirror of the Dropbox backup on the VPS in case I need it later.

(update 28/5/22) I've added it to crontab to run daily at 04:30:

#!/bin/bash
 
unison -batch -auto -silent dokuwiki

crontab:

30 04 * * * /home/gm4slv/bin/dokuwiki_unison.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

Github Repository

I made a new github repository to hold the Dokuwiki folder tree, too. The laptop / Dropbox backup, taken via Unison from the VPS server, is the local repository.

The workflow to keep things backed up:

on Shack Laptop
1. run unison to retrieve the current production copy of the DokuWiki directory tree:
  1. ```
   unison -batch -auto dokuwiki 
```
2. there was an error flagged → the .git folder isn't present on the VPS's webserver root but is in the unison backup directory on the laptop. Just ignore it?
3. I found you can tell unison to ignore the .git folder by adding
```
  ignore = Path .git
```
  to the prf config file on laptop — John Pumford-Green 29/05/22 00:30
2. cd into ~/Dropbox/Documents/dokuwiki
3. add all files to git
```
git add .
```
4. commit
```
git commit -m "backup"
```
5. push to github
```
git push
```
on VPS
1. in home directory, run
```
unison -batch dokuwiki
```
  to pull the dropbox copy back to the VPS
2. copy the dokuwiki tree to /var/www/html/ (is unison also useful here?) (or rsync Dokuwiki Mirror)
in extremis it should be possible to simply clone the github repository instead of using unison

Page Updated : 04/06/26 08:17 BST

linux, vps, dokuwiki, unison, github

Tutorial Progress

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←6502 Project

Tutorial Progress

A record of my progress through the Ben Eater You Tube tutorial

Day One : Tuesday 16/8/22

Kit arrived
Installed:
- CPU
- EEPROM
- NAND Gate
- Address & Data lines between CPU and EEPROM and address decoder for EEPROM
Used python “makerom.py” script to burn eprom:

rom = bytearray([0xea] * 32768 )
 
rom[0] = 0xa9
rom[1] = 0x42
 
rom[2] = 0x8d
rom[3] = 0x00
rom[4] = 0x60
 
rom[0x7ffc] = 0x00
rom[0x7ffd] = 0x80
 
with open("rom.bin", "wb") as out_file:
     out_file.write(rom)

ROM file hexdump:

00000000  a9 42 8d 00 60 ea ea ea  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  |.B..`...........|
00000010  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  |................|
*
00007ff

Unable to confirm correct running - still waiting for Arduino Mega to act as a logic analyzer. LEDs on data or Address lines show activity….

Next stage

add the 65C22 VIA and use LEDs on output to show correct running

make an 8-bit binary counter with LEDs as an exercise

Day Two : Wednesday 17/8/22

Using Siglent Function Generator as the CPU PHI2 clock

added 65C22 VIA and 8 leds
much debugging of hardware/wiring - breadboard is a NASTY way of doing this…..!
- ordered some IC sockets & other hardware to allow me to build a version on Vero/perf board and move away from breadboard once I've got the the point in the tutorials where all the hardware is stable.
used python script to get the “01010101 → 10101010” LED sequence running.

Self-study

modified assembly code to make the LEDs flash in a binary count

8 bit counter

### 8-bit Counter
 
code = bytearray([
    0xa9, 0xff,         # lda #$FF
    0x8d, 0x02, 0x60,   # sta $6002 : put 11111111 into VIA's Port B control register - all port pins are OUTPUT
 
    0xa9, 0xff,         # lda #$ff (start with all LEDs lit)
    0x8d, 0x00, 0x60,   # sta $6000
 
    0x1a,                # inc A
 
    0x4c, 0x07, 0x80,   # jmp $8007
    ])
 
 
rom = code + bytearray([0xea] * (32768 - len(code)))
 
rom[0x7ffc] = 0x00
rom[0x7ffd] = 0x80
 
with open("rom.bin", "wb") as out_file:
     out_file.write(rom);

This assembles as :

00000000  a9 ff 8d 02 60 a9 ff 8d  00 60 1a 4c 07 80 ea ea  |....`....`.L....|
00000010  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  |................|
*
00007ff0  ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea  ea ea ea ea 00 80 ea ea  |................|
00008000

LEDs flash in binary count to 255 and cycle round… endlessly.

16 bit counter

I wanted to see if I could extend the counter to 16-bits, using 2 VIA ports to drive the LEDs

To make life easier I moved to assembly language and the VASM assembler as recommended in the tutorial.

To count beyond a single 8-bit byte needs a way of holding 2 separate bytes of the count, the low byte and high byte, and only increment the high byte when the low byte rolls past 11111111. Tricky with no RAM installed yet.

I used the 2 index registers X and Y. The carry bit is set as a result of arithmetic on the Accumulator register, so X (low byte) has to be copied to the Accumulator for the addition of 1 each time round the loop.

        .org $8000
 
reset:
        lda #$ff
        sta $6002    ; set port B pins to all output
        sta $6003    ; set port A pins to all output
        lda #$00
        tax          ; X holds the low byte. initialize to zero
        tay          ; Y holds the high byte. initialize to zero
 
 
loop:
        txa          ; copy low byte to A
        adc #$01     ; add 1
        tax          ; copy new value to X
        bcs high_b   ; if carry flag set, branch to increment the high byte
 
 
print:
        txa          ; bring the low byte to A
        sta $6000    ; send low byte to Port B LEDs
        tya          ; bring the high byte to A
        sta $6001    ; send high byte to Port A LEDs
        jmp loop
 
high_b:
 
        iny          ; increment high byte in Y
        jmp print
 
        .org $fffc
        .word reset
        .word $0000

Assembled code

00000000  a9 ff 8d 02 60 8d 03 60  a9 00 aa a8 8a 69 01 aa  |....`..`.....i..|
00000010  b0 0b 8a 8d 00 60 98 8d  01 60 4c 0c 80 c8 4c 12  |.....`...`L...L.|
00000020  80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000030  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00007ff0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00  |................|
00008000

Add another 8 LEDs, to Port A, to show the High Byte….

It now counts to 1111111111111111 or $FFFF or 65535 as displayed by the LEDs attached to both VIA ports.

Next stage

is to add the LCD module in place of the flashing LEDs

Day Three : Friday 19/8/22

LCD

added the LCD module to the VIA output port(s)
put the “hello.s” assembled code into ROM
LCD printed Hello, w and no more….

8 Characters… what, why?

Lots of messing about with the assembler code to see if I could get all the Hello, world! message to print to the LCD.

By adding the necessary instruction to change the display position I could use all 16 characters of the display, but I couldn't get it to print all the message in one go…. The same happened with a different LCD module.

Eventually I checked, and re-checked, the address and data lines between CPU, ROM and VIA and must have re-inserted one that was loose. Afterwards the display showed Hello, world! correctly.

I assume the error was that an address line between CPU and ROM wasn't connected, so at one step of the program the ROM went to the wrong address and returned garbage data, and the program stopped, or just randomly stepped through the otherwise empty ROM?

Anyway, whatever the mechanism, ensuring all address & data lines were seated correctly cured the bug.

Next Stage

adding RAM
rebuilding on “properly wired” stripboard to remove the annoyance of breadboard wires coming adrift.

Day 4 : Saturday 21/8/22

added RAM
re-wrote “hello_world” to use 4-bit LCD addressing and moved LCD to PORTB of VIA, freeing up all of PORTA for other uses
began building veroboard version to

Day 5 : Sunday 22/8/22

completed veroboard build and tested with 4-bit/2-line LCD “Hello world”

 
PORTB = $6000
PORTA = $6001
DDRB = $6002
DDRA = $6003
 
 
E  = %01000000
RW = %00100000
RS = %00010000
LED = %10000000
 
  .org $8000
 
reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs
 
  lda #%11111111 ; Set all pins on port B to output
  sta DDRB
  lda #%00000000 ; Set all pins on port A to input
  sta DDRA
 
  jsr lcd_init
  lda #%00101000 ; Set 4-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00001110 ; Display on; cursor on; blink off
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00000110 ; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00000001 ; Clear display
  jsr lcd_instruction
 
  ldx #0
 
print1:
  lda message1,x
  beq print2
  jsr print_char
  inx
  jmp print1
 
message1: .asciiz "Shed-o-tron II "
 
message2: .asciiz "* * 22/8/22 * * "
 
 
loop:
  lda #LED
  sta PORTB
  jmp loop
 
print2:
  lda #%10101001
  jsr lcd_instruction
 
  ldx #0
line2:
  lda message2,x
  beq loop
  jsr print_char
  inx
  jmp line2
 
 
 
lcd_wait:
  pha
  lda #%11110000  ; LCD data is input
  sta DDRB
lcdbusy:
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTB
  lda PORTB       ; Read high nibble
  pha             ; and put on stack since it has the busy flag
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTB
  lda PORTB       ; Read low nibble
  pla             ; Get high nibble off stack
  and #%00001000
  bne lcdbusy
 
  lda #RW
  sta PORTB
  lda #%11111111  ; LCD data is output
  sta DDRB
  pla
  rts
 
lcd_init:
  lda #%00000010 ; Set 4-bit mode
  sta PORTB
  ora #E
  sta PORTB
  and #%00001111
  sta PORTB
  rts
 
lcd_instruction:
  jsr lcd_wait
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr            ; Send high 4 bits
  sta PORTB
  ora #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB
  eor #E         ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB
  pla
  and #%00001111 ; Send low 4 bits
  sta PORTB
  ora #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB
  eor #E         ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB
  rts
 
print_char:
  jsr lcd_wait
  pha
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr
  lsr             ; Send high 4 bits
  ora #RS         ; Set RS
  sta PORTB
  ora #E          ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB
  eor #E          ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB
  pla
  and #%00001111  ; Send low 4 bits
  ora #RS         ; Set RS
  sta PORTB
  ora #E          ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTB
  eor #E          ; Clear E bit
  sta PORTB
  rts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
; Reset/IRQ vectors
  .org $fffc
  .word reset
  .word $0000

Next Stage

begin expanding software
- routines to examine memory contents and display (in HEX) the contents of selected memory location(s)
- add switches to VIA PORTA and begin reading state of switches and update LCD with information
- a power-on memory test and toggle LED/LCD?

Further Information

Github : https://github.com/gm4slv/6502

6502

Svxlink & Echolink

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 21:01:52 +0000

←SVXLink

Svxlink & Echolink

Revisiting the Analogue FM Voice Gateway

Svxlink Gateway Initial Setup

Trying not to re-invent the wheel

find saved Pi Image File for a previous Svxlink system
copy to a new SD Card and boot a spare Raspberry Pi with it
find and connect a modified CM108 sound-dongle - has PTT and SQL via the dongle's own GPIO
connect to 2m FM radio and test initial config
make any necessary config changes - e.g. MB7AZE → GM4SLV
set up audio levels using devcal
change to 9600 packet interface on 2m radio to remove radio pre/de emphasis and apply pre/de emphasis in Svxlink
set up audio levels again using devcal
Check connectivity to Echolink
- remember to Port Forward on ADSL router : UDP 5198 & 5199 → svxlink Pi's IP address
- consider using a private proxy on my VPS instead? Java JRE and Echolink Proxy

Pi Image File handling

R Pi Image files

Devcal

devcal
remember to sudo killall svxlink to ensure no daemon svxlink processes are running in the background
remember to adjust path to valid svxlink.conf file which will be different to this old example
Set for 3kHz deviation
remember to edit the config file(s) to change the RX Pre-amp and TX Master Gain settings to match those find using Deval

sudo devcal -r -m=3000 -d=3000 /etc/svxlink/svxlink_noel.conf Rx1

sudo devcal -t -m=3000 -d=3000 /etc/svxlink/svxlink_noel.conf Tx1

add the PRE_AMP and MASTER_GAIN settings to both svxlink_el.conf and svxlink_noel.conf

Config Files

One for Echolink Enabled
One for Echolink Disabled
Switch Echolink on/off via DTMF commands
- Edit Logic.tcl to give this functionality

/etc/svxlink/svxlink_el.conf

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
#                Configuration file for the SvxLink server                    #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
[GLOBAL]
#MODULE_PATH=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/svxlink
LOGICS=SimplexLogic
CFG_DIR=svxlink.d
TIMESTAMP_FORMAT="%c"
CARD_SAMPLE_RATE=48000
#CARD_CHANNELS=1
#LOCATION_INFO=LocationInfo
#LINKS=LinkToR4
 
[SimplexLogic]
TYPE=Simplex
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleParrot
CALLSIGN=GM4SLV
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=15
SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE=1
SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE=0
CW_AMP=-10
CW_PITCH=800
CW_WPM=20
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
#REPORT_CTCSS=77.0
#TX_CTCSS=ALWAYS
MACROS=Macros
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
ONLINE_CMD=998877
#MUTE_RX_ON_TX=1
#MUTE_TX_ON_RX=1
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/simplex_dtmf_ctrl
TIME_FORMAT=24
RGR_SOUND_ALWAYS=1
 
[RepeaterLogic]
TYPE=Repeater
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleParrot,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleTclVoiceMail
CALLSIGN=MYCALL
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=10
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
REPORT_CTCSS=136.5
#TX_CTCSS=SQL_OPEN
MACROS=Macros
#SEL5_MACRO_RANGE=03400,03499
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
#NO_REPEAT=1
IDLE_TIMEOUT=30
OPEN_ON_1750=1000
#OPEN_ON_CTCSS=136:2000
#OPEN_ON_DTMF=*
#OPEN_ON_SQL=5000
#OPEN_ON_SEL5=01234
#OPEN_SQL_FLANK=OPEN
#OPEN_ON_SQL_AFTER_RPT_CLOSE=10
IDLE_SOUND_INTERVAL=3000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MIN_TIME=1000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MAX_COUNT=10
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#IDENT_NAG_TIMEOUT=15
#IDENT_NAG_MIN_TIME=2000
#ONLINE_CMD=998877
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/repeater_dtmf_ctrl
 
[ReflectorLogic]
TYPE=Reflector
HOST=reflector.example.com
#PORT=5300
CALLSIGN="MYCALL"
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
#JITTER_BUFFER_DELAY=0
 
[LinkToR4]
CONNECT_LOGICS=RepeaterLogic:94:SK3AB,SimplexLogic:92:SK3CD
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
TIMEOUT=300
#AUTOACTIVATE_ON_SQL=RepeaterLogic
 
 
[QsoRecorder]
REC_DIR=/var/spool/svxlink/qso_recorder
#MIN_TIME=1000
MAX_TIME=3600
SOFT_TIME=300
MAX_DIRSIZE=1024
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
#TIMEOUT=300
#QSO_TIMEOUT=300
#ENCODER_CMD=/usr/bin/oggenc -Q \"%f\" && rm \"%f\"
 
[Voter]
TYPE=Voter
RECEIVERS=Rx1,Rx2,Rx3
VOTING_DELAY=200
BUFFER_LENGTH=0
#REVOTE_INTERVAL=1000
#HYSTERESIS=50
#SQL_CLOSE_REVOTE_DELAY=500
#RX_SWITCH_DELAY=500
#COMMAND_PTY=/dev/shm/voter_ctrl
 
[MultiTx]
TYPE=Multi
TRANSMITTERS=Tx1,Tx2,Tx3
 
[NetRx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.rx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[NetTx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.tx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[Rx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
SQL_DET=HIDRAW
SQL_START_DELAY=0
SQL_DELAY=0
SQL_HANGTIME=200
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME=1000
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME_THRESH=15
#SQL_TIMEOUT=600
VOX_FILTER_DEPTH=20
VOX_THRESH=1000
#CTCSS_MODE=2
CTCSS_FQ=77.0
#CTCSS_SNR_OFFSET=0
#CTCSS_OPEN_THRESH=15
#CTCSS_CLOSE_THRESH=9
#CTCSS_BPF_LOW=60
#CTCSS_BPF_HIGH=270
#SERIAL_PORT=/dev/ttyUSB0
#SERIAL_PIN=CTS
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=
#EVDEV_DEVNAME=/dev/input/by-id/usb-SYNIC_SYNIC_Wireless_Audio-event-if03
#EVDEV_OPEN=1,163,1
#EVDEV_CLOSE=1,163,0
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#GPIO_SQL_PIN=gpio25
#PTY_PATH=/tmp/rx1_sql
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_SQL_PIN=!VOL_DN
#SIGLEV_DET=TONE
SIGLEV_SLOPE=1
SIGLEV_OFFSET=0
#SIGLEV_BOGUS_THRESH=120
#TONE_SIGLEV_MAP=100,84,60,50,37,32,28,23,19,8
SIGLEV_OPEN_THRESH=30
SIGLEV_CLOSE_THRESH=10
DEEMPHASIS=1
#SQL_TAIL_ELIM=300
PREAMP=-1.5
#PEAK_METER=1
DTMF_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
DTMF_MUTING=1
DTMF_HANGTIME=40
DTMF_SERIAL=/dev/ttyS0
#DTMF_PTY=/tmp/rx1_dtmf
#DTMF_MAX_FWD_TWIST=8
#DTMF_MAX_REV_TWIST=4
#1750_MUTING=1
#SEL5_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
#SEL5_TYPE=ZVEI1
#FQ=433475000
#MODULATION=FM
#WBRX=WbRx1
 
[WbRx1]
#TYPE=RtlUsb
#DEV_MATCH=0
#HOST=localhost
#PORT=1234
#CENTER_FQ=435075000
#FQ_CORR=0
#GAIN=0
#PEAK_METER=1
#SAMPLE_RATE=960000
 
[Tx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
PTT_TYPE=Hidraw
#PTT_PORT=/dev/ttyS0
#PTT_PIN=HIDRAW
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_PTT_PIN=GPIO3
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=DTR!RTS
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#PTT_HANGTIME=1000
TIMEOUT=300
TX_DELAY=500
#CTCSS_FQ=136.5
#CTCSS_LEVEL=9
PREEMPHASIS=1
DTMF_TONE_LENGTH=100
DTMF_TONE_SPACING=50
DTMF_DIGIT_PWR=-15
MASTER_GAIN=-1.25
 
[LocationInfo]
#APRS_SERVER_LIST=euro.aprs2.net:14580
STATUS_SERVER_LIST=aprs.echolink.org:5199
LON_POSITION=1.25.30W
LAT_POSITION=60.17.18N
CALLSIGN=EL-GM4SLV
FREQUENCY=144.912
TX_POWER=5
ANTENNA_GAIN=0
ANTENNA_HEIGHT=2m
ANTENNA_DIR=-1
#PATH=WIDE1-1
BEACON_INTERVAL=10
STATISTICS_INTERVAL=10
TONE=0
COMMENT=SvxLink
 
[Macros]
1=EchoLink:9999#
2=EchoLink:973498#
3=EchoLink:662666#

/etc/svxlink/svxlink_noel.conf

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
#                Configuration file for the SvxLink server                    #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
[GLOBAL]
#MODULE_PATH=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/svxlink
LOGICS=SimplexLogic
CFG_DIR=svxlink.d
TIMESTAMP_FORMAT="%c"
CARD_SAMPLE_RATE=48000
#CARD_CHANNELS=1
#LOCATION_INFO=LocationInfo
#LINKS=LinkToR4
 
[SimplexLogic]
TYPE=Simplex
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleParrot
CALLSIGN=GM4SLV
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=15
SHORT_CW_ID_ENABLE=1
SHORT_VOICE_ID_ENABLE=0
CW_AMP=-10
CW_PITCH=800
CW_WPM=20
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_GB
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
#REPORT_CTCSS=77.0
#TX_CTCSS=ALWAYS
MACROS=Macros
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
ONLINE_CMD=998877
#MUTE_RX_ON_TX=1
#MUTE_TX_ON_RX=1
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/simplex_dtmf_ctrl
TIME_FORMAT=24
RGR_SOUND_ALWAYS=1
 
[RepeaterLogic]
TYPE=Repeater
RX=Rx1
TX=Tx1
MODULES=ModuleHelp,ModuleParrot,ModuleEchoLink,ModuleTclVoiceMail
CALLSIGN=MYCALL
SHORT_IDENT_INTERVAL=10
LONG_IDENT_INTERVAL=60
#IDENT_ONLY_AFTER_TX=4
#EXEC_CMD_ON_SQL_CLOSE=500
EVENT_HANDLER=/usr/share/svxlink/events.tcl
DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
RGR_SOUND_DELAY=0
REPORT_CTCSS=136.5
#TX_CTCSS=SQL_OPEN
MACROS=Macros
#SEL5_MACRO_RANGE=03400,03499
FX_GAIN_NORMAL=0
FX_GAIN_LOW=-12
#QSO_RECORDER=8:QsoRecorder
#NO_REPEAT=1
IDLE_TIMEOUT=30
OPEN_ON_1750=1000
#OPEN_ON_CTCSS=136:2000
#OPEN_ON_DTMF=*
#OPEN_ON_SQL=5000
#OPEN_ON_SEL5=01234
#OPEN_SQL_FLANK=OPEN
#OPEN_ON_SQL_AFTER_RPT_CLOSE=10
IDLE_SOUND_INTERVAL=3000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MIN_TIME=1000
#SQL_FLAP_SUP_MAX_COUNT=10
#ACTIVATE_MODULE_ON_LONG_CMD=4:EchoLink
#IDENT_NAG_TIMEOUT=15
#IDENT_NAG_MIN_TIME=2000
#ONLINE_CMD=998877
#STATE_PTY=/var/run/svxlink/state
#DTMF_CTRL_PTY=/dev/shm/repeater_dtmf_ctrl
 
[ReflectorLogic]
TYPE=Reflector
HOST=reflector.example.com
#PORT=5300
CALLSIGN="MYCALL"
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
#JITTER_BUFFER_DELAY=0
 
[LinkToR4]
CONNECT_LOGICS=RepeaterLogic:94:SK3AB,SimplexLogic:92:SK3CD
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
TIMEOUT=300
#AUTOACTIVATE_ON_SQL=RepeaterLogic
 
 
[QsoRecorder]
REC_DIR=/var/spool/svxlink/qso_recorder
#MIN_TIME=1000
MAX_TIME=3600
SOFT_TIME=300
MAX_DIRSIZE=1024
#DEFAULT_ACTIVE=1
#TIMEOUT=300
#QSO_TIMEOUT=300
#ENCODER_CMD=/usr/bin/oggenc -Q \"%f\" && rm \"%f\"
 
[Voter]
TYPE=Voter
RECEIVERS=Rx1,Rx2,Rx3
VOTING_DELAY=200
BUFFER_LENGTH=0
#REVOTE_INTERVAL=1000
#HYSTERESIS=50
#SQL_CLOSE_REVOTE_DELAY=500
#RX_SWITCH_DELAY=500
#COMMAND_PTY=/dev/shm/voter_ctrl
 
[MultiTx]
TYPE=Multi
TRANSMITTERS=Tx1,Tx2,Tx3
 
[NetRx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.rx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[NetTx]
TYPE=Net
HOST=remote.tx.host
TCP_PORT=5210
#LOG_DISCONNECTS_ONCE=0
AUTH_KEY="Change this key now!"
CODEC=S16
#SPEEX_ENC_FRAMES_PER_PACKET=4
#SPEEX_ENC_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_BITRATE=15000
#SPEEX_ENC_COMPLEXITY=2
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR=0
#SPEEX_ENC_VBR_QUALITY=4
#SPEEX_ENC_ABR=15000
#SPEEX_DEC_ENHANCER=1
#OPUS_ENC_FRAME_SIZE=20
#OPUS_ENC_COMPLEXITY=10
#OPUS_ENC_BITRATE=20000
#OPUS_ENC_VBR=1
 
[Rx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
SQL_DET=HIDRAW
SQL_START_DELAY=0
SQL_DELAY=0
SQL_HANGTIME=200
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME=1000
#SQL_EXTENDED_HANGTIME_THRESH=15
#SQL_TIMEOUT=600
VOX_FILTER_DEPTH=20
VOX_THRESH=1000
#CTCSS_MODE=2
CTCSS_FQ=77.0
#CTCSS_SNR_OFFSET=0
#CTCSS_OPEN_THRESH=15
#CTCSS_CLOSE_THRESH=9
#CTCSS_BPF_LOW=60
#CTCSS_BPF_HIGH=270
#SERIAL_PORT=/dev/ttyUSB0
#SERIAL_PIN=CTS
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=
#EVDEV_DEVNAME=/dev/input/by-id/usb-SYNIC_SYNIC_Wireless_Audio-event-if03
#EVDEV_OPEN=1,163,1
#EVDEV_CLOSE=1,163,0
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#GPIO_SQL_PIN=gpio25
#PTY_PATH=/tmp/rx1_sql
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_SQL_PIN=!VOL_DN
#SIGLEV_DET=TONE
SIGLEV_SLOPE=1
SIGLEV_OFFSET=0
#SIGLEV_BOGUS_THRESH=120
#TONE_SIGLEV_MAP=100,84,60,50,37,32,28,23,19,8
SIGLEV_OPEN_THRESH=30
SIGLEV_CLOSE_THRESH=10
DEEMPHASIS=1
#SQL_TAIL_ELIM=300
PREAMP=-1.5
#PEAK_METER=1
DTMF_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
DTMF_MUTING=1
DTMF_HANGTIME=40
DTMF_SERIAL=/dev/ttyS0
#DTMF_PTY=/tmp/rx1_dtmf
#DTMF_MAX_FWD_TWIST=8
#DTMF_MAX_REV_TWIST=4
#1750_MUTING=1
#SEL5_DEC_TYPE=INTERNAL
#SEL5_TYPE=ZVEI1
#FQ=433475000
#MODULATION=FM
#WBRX=WbRx1
 
[WbRx1]
#TYPE=RtlUsb
#DEV_MATCH=0
#HOST=localhost
#PORT=1234
#CENTER_FQ=435075000
#FQ_CORR=0
#GAIN=0
#PEAK_METER=1
#SAMPLE_RATE=960000
 
[Tx1]
TYPE=Local
AUDIO_DEV=alsa:plughw:1,0
AUDIO_CHANNEL=0
PTT_TYPE=Hidraw
#PTT_PORT=/dev/ttyS0
#PTT_PIN=HIDRAW
HID_DEVICE=/dev/hidraw0
HID_PTT_PIN=GPIO3
#SERIAL_SET_PINS=DTR!RTS
#GPIO_PATH=/sys/class/gpio
#PTT_HANGTIME=1000
TIMEOUT=300
TX_DELAY=500
#CTCSS_FQ=136.5
#CTCSS_LEVEL=9
PREEMPHASIS=1
DTMF_TONE_LENGTH=100
DTMF_TONE_SPACING=50
DTMF_DIGIT_PWR=-15
MASTER_GAIN=-1.25
 
[LocationInfo]
APRS_SERVER_LIST=euro.aprs2.net:14580
STATUS_SERVER_LIST=aprs.echolink.org:5199
LON_POSITION=1.25.30W
LAT_POSITION=60.17.18N
CALLSIGN=EL-GM4SLV
FREQUENCY=144.9125
TX_POWER=1
ANTENNA_GAIN=0
ANTENNA_HEIGHT=1m
ANTENNA_DIR=-1
#PATH=WIDE1-1
#BEACON_INTERVAL=60
TONE=77
COMMENT=SvxLink by SM0SVX (www.svxlink.org)
 
[Macros]
1=EchoLink:9999#
2=EchoLink:973498#
3=EchoLink:662666#

/etc/svxlink/svxlink.d/ModuleEchoLink.conf

[ModuleEchoLink]
NAME=EchoLink
ID=2
TIMEOUT=60
#ALLOW_IP=192.168.1.0/24
#DROP_INCOMING=^()$
#REJECT_INCOMING=^()$
#ACCEPT_INCOMING=^(.*)$
#REJECT_OUTGOING=^()$
#ACCEPT_OUTGOING=^(.*)$
#REJECT_CONF=0
#CHECK_NR_CONNECTS=2,300,120
SERVERS=servers.echolink.org
CALLSIGN=GM4SLV-L
PASSWORD=XXXXXXXXX
SYSOPNAME=John
LOCATION=[Svx] Shetland
PROXY_SERVER=my.vps.host.name
PROXY_PORT=8100
PROXY_PASSWORD=my_proxy_password
#BIND_ADDR=10.20.30.40
MAX_QSOS=5
MAX_CONNECTIONS=6
LINK_IDLE_TIMEOUT=900
#AUTOCON_ECHOLINK_ID=9999
#AUTOCON_TIME=1200
#USE_GSM_ONLY=1
#DEFAULT_LANG=en_US
#COMMAND_PTY=/dev/shm/echolink_ctrl
DESCRIPTION="You have connected to a SvxLink node,\n"

/usr/local/share/svxlink/events.d/local

Edit the section proc dtmf_cmd_received {cmd} to add the stanzas that run external bash scripts to stop and restart svxlink with different config files

#
# Executed when a DTMF command has been received
#   cmd - The command
#
# Return 1 to hide the command from further processing is SvxLink or
# return 0 to make SvxLink continue processing as normal.
#
# This function can be used to implement your own custom commands or to disable
# DTMF commands that you do not want users to execute.
proc dtmf_cmd_received {cmd} {
  #global active_module

  # Example: Ignore all commands starting with 3 in the EchoLink module.
  #          Allow commands that have four or more digits.
  #if {$active_module == "EchoLink"} {
  #  if {[string length $cmd] < 4 && [string index $cmd 0] == "3"} {
  #    puts "Ignoring random connect command for module EchoLink: $cmd"
  #    return 1
  #  }
  #}

  # Handle the "force core command" mode where a command is forced to be
  # executed by the core command processor instead of by an active module.
  # The "force core command" mode is entered by prefixing a command by a star.
  #if {$active_module != "" && [string index $cmd 0] != "*"} {
  #  return 0
  #}
  #if {[string index $cmd 0] == "*"} {
  #  set cmd [string range $cmd 1 end]
  #}

  # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 99 is received
  if {$cmd == "99"} {
    puts "Executing external command"
    playMsg "Core" "online"
    exec /home/gm4slv/svx_noel.sh &
    return 1
  }
  # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 99 is received
  if {$cmd == "98"} {
    puts "Executing external command"
    playMsg "Core" "online"
    exec /home/gm4slv/svx_el.sh &
    return 1
  }
 
  return 0
}

start with echolink : svx_el.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
CFG=/etc/svxlink/svxlink_el.conf
LOG=/home/gm4slv/svxlink.log
 
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
 
sudo svxlink --daemon --logfile=$LOG --config=$CFG
exit 0

start without echolink : svx_noel.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
CFG=/etc/svxlink/svxlink_noel.conf
LOG=/home/gm4slv/svxlink.log
 
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
 
sudo svxlink --daemon --logfile=$LOG --config=$CFG
exit 0

crontab entry to start with echolink enabled at boot time

@reboot sleep 30 && sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/svx_el.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

Catch up with git version

The version of svxlink running on this Pi was self-compiled from the GIT repository
- Update to latest version from GIT
I decided to pull & compile the latest version so I simply followed the instructions I'd put on the above wiki page and all went smoothly (if slowly)

DTMF Commands

Old info SVXLink : DTMF commands
Ignore Reflector commands - I am not (yet) connected to the SVX Reflector http://svxportal-uk.ddns.net:81/index.php

`*#`	System Status
`0#`	Help Module
`1#`	Parrot Module
`2#`	Echolink Module

`#`	De-activate module

Echolink Module

`<node number>#`	Connect to `<node number>`
`0#`	Play the help message
`1#`	List all connected stations
`2#`	Play local EchoLink node id
`31#`	Connect to a random link or repeater
`32#`	Connect to a random conference
`4#`	Reconnect to the last disconnected station
`50#`	Deactivate listen only mode
`51#`	Activate listen only mode
`6*#`	Use the connect by callsign feature
`#`	If connected = Disconnect, otherwise = Deactivate Echolink module

https://github.com/sm0svx/svxlink/wiki/ModuleEchoLink

Macros

`D1#`	Echolink	9999	Echotest
`D2#`	Echolink	973498	M0HOY-L	Hubnet
`D3#`	Echolink	662666	M0JKT-L	FreeStar

Sound files

use en_US when echolink is enabled
- this is also needed for reflector when it's re-enabled, as the US files also have the additional reflector sound samples
use en_GB when echolink is disable
easy to tell from status *# which is active!

Proxy

after consideration….
I decided to use my VPS-hosted echolink proxy
- remove port forwards on home router for UDP/5198 & UDP/5199
- open port TPC/8100 for only my home IP address on VPS
  - this means only one IP address can reach the Proxy on port TCP/8100
- open ports UDP/5198 & UDP/5199 for anywhere on VPS
- edit echolink proxy config on VPS to allow only GM4SLV-L to connect
  - this means only one callsign can connect to the proxy
- start proxy in a tmux session, using bash script on VPS
- edit ModuleEchoLink.conf on svxlink pi to use the proxy
- restart svx_el.sh

PROXY_SERVER=my.vps.host.name
PROXY_PORT=8100
PROXY_PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxx

— John Pumford-Green 06/04/24 07:09

LAST MODIFIED : 01/01/70 01:00 BST

Further Information

radio, svxlink

DMR Bridging

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

DMR Bridging

First try at DVSwitch Bridging

Overview of IP UDP ports

    Asterisk              Analog_Bridge         DVSwitch
    ========              =============         MMDVM_Bridge
                                                ============
    [node]                [USPR]
    rxPort 31001 <------- txPort 31001
    txPort 34001 -------> rxPort 34001
                             ↓ ↑
                          [md380-emu]:2470
                             ↓ ↑
                          [AMBE]                [DMR]                  
                          txPort 31103 ------>  rxPort 31103  
                          rxPort 31100 <------  txPort 31100 
                                                   ↓  ↑
                                                [DMR Network]
                                                Host : xx.xx.xx.xx
                                                Port : xxxxxx

The main Things

Make sure Analog_Bridge.ini has the correct txPort and rxPort in its [USRP] section

[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1           ; IP address of USRP partner (Analog_Reflector, Allstar/Asterisk or another Analog_Bridge)
txPort = 31001                ; Transmit USRP frames on this port
rxPort = 34001                ; Listen for USRP frames on this port

It should match Asterisk's private node as defined in /etc/asterisk/rpt.conf - in this case it's [1398]

[1398]
rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:31001 ; Use the USRP channel driver. Must be enabled in modules.conf
 ; 127.0.0.1 = IP of the target application
 ; 34001 = UDP port the target application is listening on
 ; 32001 = UDP port ASL is listening on

Make Sure Analog_Bridge.ini has the correct txPort and rxPort in its [AMBE_AUDIO] section

[AMBE_AUDIO]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of xx_Bridge
; For DMR  - match the ports set in DVSwitch.ini
txPort = 31103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
rxPort = 31100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port

; FOr NXDN - match the ports set in DVSwitch.ini
;txPort = 33103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
;rxPort = 33100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port
ambeMode = DMR                          ; DMR, DMR_IPSC, DSTAR, NXDN, P25, YSFN, YSFW (encode PCM to this format)

should match the ports in DVSwitch.ini [DMR] section

; Configure the DMR Partner
; Audio format is AMBE 72 bit
[DMR]
address = 127.0.0.1             ; Address to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
txPort = 31100                  ; Port to send AMBE TLV frames to (export)
rxPort = 31103                  ; Port to listen on (import)

Enable [DMR] in MMDVM_Bridge.ini

[DMR]
Enable=1
ColorCode=1
EmbeddedLCOnly=1
DumpTAData=0

Enable [DMR Network] in MMDVM_Bridge.ini and choose the DMR Network, password, port

[DMR Network]
Enable=1

; TGIF
Address=tgif.network
Port=62031
;TGIF Password for 2354435
;Password=XXXXXXXXXXX
; TGIF Password for 2354429
Password=XXXXXXXXXX

; Brandmeister
;Address=2341.master.brandmeister.network
;Password=XXXXXXXXXX
;Port=62031
 
Jitter=750
Local=62032

; FOR DVS_Ph F
;Address=78.129.135.43
;Port=55555
;Password=PASSWORD
;Options=StartRef=4000;RelinkTime=0;UserLink=0;TS1_1=733;
 
Slot1=0
Slot2=1
Debug=0

Select hotspot/repeater source ID&SSID (repeaterID=235442998) and your DMR ID (gatewayDmrId = 2354429), plus choice of Talkgroup in Analog_Bridge.ini

; The metadata below is used when ASL is the source since it does not have any concept of digital modes
gatewayDmrId = 2354429                  ; ID to use when transmitting from Analog_Bridge 7 digit ID
repeaterID = 235442998                  ; ID of source repeater 7 digit ID plus 2 digit SSID 
; Talkgroup needed for DMR and NXDN.
; NXDNGateway uses Talkgroup to choose the reflector IP/Port from its Host Files
txTg = 2354429                        ; TG to use for all frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
txTs = 2                                ; Slot to use for frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
colorCode = 1                           ; Color Code to assign DMR frames

Updating DVSwitch Hostfiles

DVSwtich keep its hostfiles in /var/lib/mmdvm and updates via cron.daily/DVSM_Update which calls /opt/MMDVM_Bridge/dvswitch.sh update
This tries to download hostfiles from various places using curl
It seems to fail most of the time due to a SSL problem
A workaround is to put “insecure” in root's ~/.curlrc

sudo su -

echo insecure >> ~/.curlrc

/opt/MMDVM_Bridge/dvswitch.sh update

Section Two

— John Pumford-Green 10/06/25 08:55 BST

Further Information

radio, AllStar, dvswitch, dmr

Damasko DA36

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Watches

Damasko DA36

Bought Date	25/10/2016
Bought From	Damasko, Germany
Price	€1796
Movement	ETA2836-2 : 25 Jewels, Automatic, Day/Date, 28,800vph
Serial Number	DA36-1981
Anti-magnetic	80,000A/m,1000 Gauss
Water Resistance	100m
Strap	Damasko Steel Bracelet

The DA36

I see this watch as a modern version of Rolex's Milgauss - tough with the same level of Magnetic Resistance as the original Milgauss (1000 Gauss). The original anti-magnetic engineer's watch from Rolex wasn't the multi-thousands-of-pounds bauble they sell today.

Originally Rolex produced relatively expensive, but still affordable, tool-watches.

Unlike the Veblen Goods they churn out today.

Damasko's original and iconic watch, the DA36, is something akin to an early Rolex. Not cheap, but also not ridiculously over-priced. It has no obvious external frills, but has plenty of technology inside to justify the price and to add functional value.

I often ponder whether I'd buy a Milgauss if I could afford the £7000+ price tag. And now I've lived with the DA36 for almost 6 years I don't know that I would. My watch is now my watch. Why swap for another expensive toy?

Damasko have recently re-configured their range of watches and dropped the DA36, and most of the others from their early years of production, as they move upwards, into making higher price watches with in-house movements, rather than using off-the-shelf ETA units.

I'd love a DA36 to appear with the in-house movement, but I don't know that this is going to happen.

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 17:45

The DA36 has now reappeared - as the DK36 with the new in-house A26-3 movement.

DK36 at Damasko

My watch developed a fault after a couple of years but this was easily repaired by Damasko. I might have introduced the fault myself after opening it up a few times to regulate it - perhaps I let in some dirt that found its way to the escapement and caused some abrasion?

I don't know.

It's now working perfectly well after 2½ years of continuous daily wear. I only take it off to have a bath/shower and (usually) to sleep, and very rarely if I need to squeeze my left hand into a tight space when working on cars, Land Rovers or transmitters. I don't think I've let it run down since the repair in December 2019.

The Milgauss

A modern Milgauss for comparison. There's not a lot of aesthetic similarity, the modern Milgauss is quite gaudy, with its green sapphire crystal and shiny dial.

The 1960's version ref. 1019 (not the original submariner style with a timing bezel) looks more workmanlike and is the one I'd go for if I had the money. When I last looked a birth year 1966 Milgauss fetches around £22,000…. so I'll stick with my DA36 and let it age with me.

The Damasko Steel Bracelet

The DA36 was bought with the Damasko steel bracelet and initially I was happy with it.

It is super-engineered. Each link, of ice hardened bead-blasted steel to match the watch's case, is fixed with strong torx secured pivot pins. The whole bracelet can be dismantled for cleaning. It's very strong, very well designed and very well made.

After time though the lack of adjustment (even with the two supplied “long” links) meant it became difficult to find a good comfortable fit.

The DA36 was then worn mostly on the Damasko leather strap or a variety of NATO straps, including some elastic MN types, which are certainly very comfortable.

The steel bracelet was sold in 2017, to someone in the USA, after I decided I couldn't get on with it.

Following the appearance of the rate-error fault in 2018, I switched to my Seiko SKX007 on a Strapcode Oyster steel bracelet, and liked it so much I decided to buy another Damasko steel bracelet for the DA36, and to request a set of additional adjustment links to allow more variation in size. The longer links can be bought in sets of 2 pairs, which along with the 2 pairs that come with the bracelet, allow a smooth adjustment in tiny steps, almost matching the difference made by adding or removing a normal link.

The new bracelet and links were bought in November 2019.

This allowed the use of up to 5 ¹⁾ adjustment links to step smoothly between the jump in one normal link. A good fit was obtained with 3 or 4 added long links. After some time I found I could wear the bracelet with no adjustment links, my wrist settled to a size that suited a whole number of normal links, but I have the option of a good range of adjustment, if things should change in future.

I occasionally put a NATO strap on, but it rarely stays for more than a day or two before the pull of the super-strong super-engineered bracelet wins out.

[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2025-03-09] ~~add some photos of the DA36~~

Watch-u-seek threads

A Year On the Wrist

Damasko Pics.....

History

Bought : 25/10/16 Arrived : 2/11/16

Initial Rate Tests

First 20 Days : Δ +11.4s -> +0.6s/d

Watchcheck data etc ....

Month	Δ / s	Average Rate s/d
Nov 2016	+19.2	+0.7
Dec 2016	+28.0	+1.2
Jan 2017	+50.2	+1.4
Feb 2017	+7.4	+0.2
Mar 2017	+6.9	+0.3
Apr 2017	-1.3	0.0
May 2017	-47.4	-1.4
Jun 2017	-43.4	-1.6
Jul 2017	-79.4	-2.6
Aug 2017	-84.3	-2.7
Sep 2017	-67.5	-3.9

First Regulation after 12 months

18/12/17	+22.0	-2.3
19/12/17	+20.9	-1.1		__1st attempt to regulate → __
20/12/17	+22.1	+4.0		after regulation and dial-down overnight
21/12/17	+22.5	+0.4		dial-up overnight (usual position)
22/12/17	+22.7	+0.1		regulation seems to have corrected rate error
23/12/17	+22.3	-0.4		time reset to -0.3 s

Second Regulation

19/01/18	-11.0	-2.2
20/01/18	-16.1	-5.1		???
21/01/18	-19.2	-3.0		??
22/01/18	-22.2	-3.7		regulated later in day to attempt to correct recent -ve rate
23/01/18	-22.1	+0.8		timegrapher showed odd spells of low amplitude.
24/01/18	-20.5	+1.5

Third Regulation

05/03/18	+24.1	+5.8
06/03/18	+31.9	+8.1
07/03/18	+37.2	+5.4
08/03/18	+44.6	+6.9		__Regulated for 3rd time__ to reduce rate.
09/03/18	+44.4	-0.1
10/03/18	+42.8	-1.6		too far?

Fourth Regulation

21/03/18	+18.4	-0.9
22/03/18	+17.7	-0.7
23/03/18	+13.8	-4.1		__regulated for 4th time__ to increase rate
24/03/18	+13.2	-0.5
25/03/18	+12.6	-0.6		reset to DST. -0.7s
26/03/18	+0.3	+1.2
27/03/18	+0.5	+0.2

Fault apparent

29/08/18	-5.7	-2.1
30/08/18	-36.3	-31.4		????? Massive loss in one day!!!

Rate and amplitude errors v. bad on Timegrapher.

Watch put aside and not worn, until October 2019!!

Worn again after 12 months

10/11/19	-11.9	-2.4		dial down overnight
11/11/19	-14.1	-2.3		dial up overnight. Low amp. observed during the previous day?
12/11/19	-16.2	-2.2		Overnight on winder. Low amp. observed during the previous day
13/11/19	-18.6	-2.3		overnight on winder. being consistent day → day despite amplitude concerns.
14/11/19	-21.0	-2.3		overnight on winder.

Fault Re-appears

New period - fault re-appearing

14/11/19	-32.6	-44.9 		(21:04:32) on winder for previous hour. 2 seconds lost.    	      
15/11/19	-45.2	-19.5  		(17:36:45) on TG since 06:30.... variable amp. & poor rate

2019 Repair Details

Sent to Damasko for inspection and repair : 18/11/19

Damasko confirm fault as

After checking it our watchmaker told us that there is many abrasion in the movement.

Repair details

Cleaning, and oiling the escapement

Regulate DA36.1981 €120

Shipping costs UK €50

Total amount €170

Returned from Damasko : 14/12/19

Fault now absent

Performance after repair

Timegrapher Check 20/11/20

After 11 months of daily wear

Pos	Amp	Rate
Dial Up	321	+8
Dial Down	290	+6
6H	278	+2
3H	283	+2
9H	295	+5
12H	302	+4
Ave	(294)	+4
D		-6

Timegrapher Check 19/12/21

2 Years after repair. Worn Daily

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	321	+5
D dn	308	+3
6H	305	+2
3H	306	+1
9H	291	+1
12H	303	0
Ave	(305)	+2
D		-3

Timegrapher Check 18/1/22

Still wearing daily

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	313	+2
D dn	316	+1
6H	296	+1
3H	292	0
9H	278	0
12H	286	0
Ave	(297)	+1
D		-1

Watchcheck 2022

Start	Stop	Average
1/1/22	1/2/22	+0.9
1/2/22	1/3/22	+1.2
1/3/22	27/3/22	+0.3
27/3/22	17/5/22	-1.0
17/5/22	22/5/22	-2.1

Rate is now dropping after 2½ years of daily wear. Will monitor and wait for rate to exceed manufacturer's specification before sending for service/regulation.

See dedicated page Repair and Service 2022

Timegrapher Check 22/5/22

A morning and afternoon test to compare readings of different levels of power.

Time : 10:15
- After overnight Dial Up

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	299	-3
D dn	300	-1
6H	277	-4
3H	272	-4
9H	269	-3
12H	277	-4
Ave	(282)	-3.3
D		-1

Time : 15:45
- worn for 7 hours

Pos	Amp	Rate
D up	317	+1
D dn	307	+3
6H	289	-1
3H	302	0
9H	301	0
12H	299	-1
Ave	(303)	+0.3
D		-2

Update May 2022

I've owned the DA36 now for over 5 years. After the repair, and getting the 2^nd bracelet, it's rarely off my wrist. I'll occasionally wear another watch (typically a Casio GW-M5610) on my right wrist.

The DA36 stays on the left.

The ice-hardened steel is very resistant to scratching or other marks. After 5 years I can see some slight blemishes - just signs of an active life. The bracelet has more marks than the watch case itself - links rub against each other and the bracelet is more likely to be rubbed against hard surfaces than the watch - and as time goes by it slowly (very slowly) starts to look less like a new watch and more like a tool watch.

There are marks on the bezel, and on the bracelet end-link, at the 12 o'clock position, I guess I caught it on something abrasive at some time…. more wabi-sabi

The hardened steel, and matte bead-blasted finish, mean that there is no slow development of a general swirly patina. A scratch shows up, in the right light, as a shiny area of un-bead-blasted reflective steel. It's just the characteristic of the material. I wonder what it'll look like in another 10 years?

Time Keeping performance

Still well within COSC standards ( -4 / +6 ) at around -2s/d as of May 2022. Rolex now guarantee their watches to run better than COSC, at ±2 s/d. My DA36 has been within this range for the last few years, and is only now starting to fall outside that range. It may wander back towards zero over time. Who knows how all the different variables inter-react to make up the overall rate error, and how they vary with time?

Time Grapher 23/5/22

Pos	Amp	Rate
Dial Up	316	+2
Dial Down	315	+4
6H	283	-2
3H	288	-1
9H	288	0
12H	288	0
Ave	(299)	+0.5
D		-4

Quick shot on the TimeGrapher…

Photos

On a Marine-Nationale Green/Yellow NATO

— John Pumford-Green 31/05/22 12:54

A change from the super-tough steel bracelet.

New WatchGecko NATO

— John Pumford-Green 05/06/22 17:25

https://www.watchgecko.com/watchgecko-signature-nato-strap-olive-green

Page created Sun May 22 00:25:30 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

watch, damasko

¹⁾

yes, I've actually got 5 pairs in total, can't remember the details of how this happened!

Watchcheck Python code

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 23 Jan 2026 14:13:10 +0000

Watchcheck Python code

I wrote a small python2 application to keep track of a watch/clock's daily rate error. It's a console-only mimic of an Android app that I use on my phone to track my watch timekeeping.

I wrote it mainly as a thought-experiment rather than as a fully functional piece of code.

You put the application in a directory specific to the watch and execute it from that directory. the data from each measurement is stored in a json file in the same directory.

update 23/01/26 I've modified the code to run under Python 3 - using the tool 2to3 and a minor manual tweak.

watchcheck.py in Python 3

watchcheck.py

# a text-terminal version of the WatchCheck app
## to track error, daily error rate of timepieces.
# auto update?
#
import time
import datetime
import json
 
 
 
 
def write_file(text):
    filename = "logfile.txt"
    f = open(filename, 'a+')
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text, "\r\n"))
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
 
def get_delta():
 
    print(time.strftime("Current Time = %H:%M"))
 
    h = time.strftime("%H")
    w = input("Watch time %s:" % (h))
    print(w)
 
    date = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
    s = date + " " + h +":"+ w +":00"
 
    input("Press enter when seconds = 0 ")
 
    watchtime = time.mktime(datetime.datetime.strptime(s, "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S").timetuple())
    record_time = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
    timenow = time.time()
    delta = watchtime - timenow
 
    return record_time,delta
 
 
def watch_stat():
 
    try:
        saved_error = open('error_list.json')
        error_list = json.load(saved_error)
    except:
        error_list = []
 
    if len(error_list) > 1:
        first_record = error_list[0]
        latest_record = error_list[-1]
        previous_record = error_list[-2]
 
        first_time = first_record[0]
 
        first_delta = first_record[1]
 
        latest_time = latest_record[0] 
        latest_delta = latest_record[1]
 
        previous_time = previous_record[0]
        previous_delta = previous_record[1]
 
        FMT = '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'
 
        t_latest = datetime.datetime.strptime(latest_time, FMT)
        t_previous = datetime.datetime.strptime(previous_time, FMT)
        t_first = datetime.datetime.strptime(first_time, FMT)
 
        tdelta = t_latest - t_previous
        full_delta = t_latest - t_first
 
        elapsed_time = tdelta.total_seconds()
 
        full_time = full_delta.total_seconds()
 
        print("First record time ", first_time)
        print("First record delta ", first_delta)
        print("")
 
        print("Previous record time ", previous_time)
        print("Previous record delta ", previous_delta)
        print("")
 
        print("Latest record time " , latest_time)
        print("Latest record delta ", latest_delta)
        print("")
 
        print("Overall elapsed time ", full_delta)
        print("Latest elapsed time ", tdelta)
        print("")
 
        # Current Error rate
        time_error = latest_delta - previous_delta
        error_rate = time_error / elapsed_time
        daily_rate = error_rate * (60*60*24)
        ppm_daily = error_rate * 1000000
 
        # Overall Error rate
        total_error = latest_delta - first_delta
        average_error_rate = total_error / full_time
 
        average_rate = average_error_rate * (60*60*24)
        ppm_overall = average_error_rate * 1000000
 
 
        print("Latest delta change ", time_error)
 
        print("Latest elapsed time %d seconds " % (elapsed_time))
 
        print("")
        print("Daily PPM : %0.3f" % ppm_daily)
        print("Daily rate error: %0.1f s/d " % (daily_rate))
 
        print("")
        print("Total Time %d seconds" % (full_time))
        print("Total error ", total_error)
        print("Total PPM : %0.3f" % ppm_overall)
        print("Total rate error: %0.1f s/d" % (average_rate))
        print("")
        print("========================================================")
        print(" Delta : %+0.1f s | Rate : %+0.1f s/d | Average : %+0.1f s/d" % (latest_delta, daily_rate, average_rate))
        print("========================================================")
        print("")
        text = "\t%+0.1f\t\t%+0.1f\t\t%+0.1f" % (latest_delta, daily_rate, average_rate)
        write_file(text)
    else:
        print("No rate yet")
 
 
def new_record():
 
    try:
        saved_error = open('error_list.json')
        error_list = json.load(saved_error)
    except:
        error_list = []
 
    s,delta = get_delta()
 
    print("")
    print("%s \n\nDelta %0.1f seconds" % (s, delta))
    last_data=[s,delta]
    error_list.append(last_data)
    #print error_list
 
    with open('error_list.json', 'w') as outfile:
        json.dump(error_list, outfile)
 
    return
 
def delete_last():
    try:
        saved_error = open('error_list.json')
        error_list = json.load(saved_error)
    except:
        error_list = []
    error_list.pop()
 
    with open('error_list.json', 'w') as outfile:
        json.dump(error_list, outfile)
 
    return
 
 
def menu():
    print("Wire2waves WatchCheck.....")
    print("=========================\n")
    print("N : New Record\nD : Delete Last\nS : Stats\nQ : Quit\n")
    choice = input("Command > : ").upper()
    if choice == "N":
        print("New")
        new_record()
        watch_stat()
        menu()
    elif choice == "S":
        print("Stat")
        watch_stat()
        menu()
    elif choice == "D":
        delete_last()
        watch_stat()
        menu()
    elif choice == "Q":
        return
    else:
        print("?")
        menu()
 
 
menu()

original watchcheck.py in python 2

watchcheck.py

#! /usr/bin/env python
 
## a text-terminal version of the WatchCheck app
## to track error, daily error rate of timepieces.
# auto update?
#
import time
import datetime
import json
 
 
 
 
def write_file(text):
    filename = "logfile.txt"
    f = open(filename, 'a+')
    timenow = time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    log = " ".join((timenow, text, "\r\n"))
    f.write(log)
    f.close()
 
 
 
 
def get_delta():
 
    print time.strftime("Current Time = %H:%M")
 
    h = time.strftime("%H")
    w = raw_input("Watch time %s:" % (h))
    print w
 
    date = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
    s = date + " " + h +":"+ w +":00"
 
    raw_input("Press enter when seconds = 0 ")
 
    watchtime = time.mktime(datetime.datetime.strptime(s, "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S").timetuple())
    record_time = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
    timenow = time.time()
    delta = watchtime - timenow
 
    return record_time,delta
 
 
def watch_stat():
 
    try:
        saved_error = open('error_list.json')
        error_list = json.load(saved_error)
    except:
        error_list = []
 
    if len(error_list) > 1:
        first_record = error_list[0]
        latest_record = error_list[-1]
        previous_record = error_list[-2]
 
        first_time = first_record[0]
 
        first_delta = first_record[1]
 
        latest_time = latest_record[0] 
        latest_delta = latest_record[1]
 
        previous_time = previous_record[0]
        previous_delta = previous_record[1]
 
        FMT = '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'
 
        t_latest = datetime.datetime.strptime(latest_time, FMT)
        t_previous = datetime.datetime.strptime(previous_time, FMT)
        t_first = datetime.datetime.strptime(first_time, FMT)
 
        tdelta = t_latest - t_previous
        full_delta = t_latest - t_first
 
        elapsed_time = tdelta.total_seconds()
 
        full_time = full_delta.total_seconds()
 
        print "First record time ", first_time
        print "First record delta ", first_delta
        print ""
 
        print "Previous record time ", previous_time
        print "Previous record delta ", previous_delta
        print ""
 
        print "Latest record time " , latest_time
        print "Latest record delta ", latest_delta
        print ""
 
        print "Overall elapsed time ", full_delta
        print "Latest elapsed time ", tdelta
        print ""
 
        # Current Error rate
        time_error = latest_delta - previous_delta
        error_rate = time_error / elapsed_time
        daily_rate = error_rate * (60*60*24)
        ppm_daily = error_rate * 1000000
 
        # Overall Error rate
        total_error = latest_delta - first_delta
        average_error_rate = total_error / full_time
 
        average_rate = average_error_rate * (60*60*24)
        ppm_overall = average_error_rate * 1000000
 
 
        print "Latest delta change ", time_error
 
        print "Latest elapsed time %d seconds " % (elapsed_time)
 
        print ""
        print "Daily PPM : %0.3f" % ppm_daily
        print "Daily rate error: %0.1f s/d " % (daily_rate)
 
        print ""
        print "Total Time %d seconds" % (full_time)
        print "Total error ", total_error
        print "Total PPM : %0.3f" % ppm_overall
        print "Total rate error: %0.1f s/d" % (average_rate)
        print ""
        print "========================================================"
        print " Delta : %+0.1f s | Rate : %+0.1f s/d | Average : %+0.1f s/d" % (latest_delta, daily_rate, average_rate)
        print "========================================================"
        print ""
        text = "\t%+0.1f\t\t%+0.1f\t\t%+0.1f" % (latest_delta, daily_rate, average_rate)
        write_file(text)
    else:
        print "No rate yet"
 
 
def new_record():
 
    try:
        saved_error = open('error_list.json')
        error_list = json.load(saved_error)
    except:
        error_list = []
 
    s,delta = get_delta()
 
    print ""
    print "%s \n\nDelta %0.1f seconds" % (s, delta)
    last_data=[s,delta]
    error_list.append(last_data)
    #print error_list
 
    with open('error_list.json', 'wb') as outfile:
        json.dump(error_list, outfile)
 
    return
 
def delete_last():
    try:
        saved_error = open('error_list.json')
        error_list = json.load(saved_error)
    except:
        error_list = []
    error_list.pop()
 
    with open('error_list.json', 'wb') as outfile:
        json.dump(error_list, outfile)
 
    return
 
 
def menu():
    print "Wire2waves WatchCheck....."
    print "=========================\n"
    print "N : New Record\nD : Delete Last\nS : Stats\nQ : Quit\n"
    choice = raw_input("Command > : ").upper()
    if choice == "N":
        print "New"
        new_record()
        watch_stat()
        menu()
    elif choice == "S":
        print "Stat"
        watch_stat()
        menu()
    elif choice == "D":
        delete_last()
        watch_stat()
        menu()
    elif choice == "Q":
        return
    else:
        print "?"
        menu()
 
 
menu()

Running it for the first time, with no previous records stored, looks like this:

Wire2waves WatchCheck.....
=========================

N : New Record
D : Delete Last
S : Stats
Q : Quit

Command > : n
New
Current Time = 10:18
Watch time 10:19
19
Press enter when seconds = 0

2022/05/04 10:19:30

Delta -30.2 seconds

and the first time-delta is stored in the error_list.json file like this:

[["2022/05/04 10:19:30", -30.179980039596558]]

Running it again, after only 10 minutes looks like this:

Command > : n
New
Current Time = 10:30
Watch time 10:30
30
Press enter when seconds = 0

2022/05/04 10:30:30

Delta -30.2 seconds
First record time  2022/05/04 10:19:30
First record delta  -30.1799800396

Previous record time  2022/05/04 10:19:30
Previous record delta  -30.1799800396

Latest record time  2022/05/04 10:30:30
Latest record delta  -30.1998269558

Overall elapsed time  0:11:00
Latest elapsed time  0:11:00

Latest delta change  -0.0198469161987
Latest elapsed time 660 seconds

Daily PPM : -30.071
Daily rate error: -2.6 s/d

Total Time 660 seconds
Total error  -0.0198469161987
Total PPM : -30.071
Total rate error: -2.6 s/d

========================================================
 Delta : -30.2 s | Rate : -2.6 s/d | Average : -2.6 s/d
========================================================

The error_list.json file now looks like:

[["2022/05/04 10:19:30", -30.179980039596558], ["2022/05/04 10:30:30", -30.199826955795288]]

There's also a small utility called watchstat.py that reads the error_list.json file to calculate and display the data

original watchstat.py in python 2

watchstat.py

#! /usr/bin/env python
 
## a text-terminal version of the WatchCheck app
## to track error, daily error rate of timepieces.
 
#
import time
import datetime
import json
 
 
 
def watch_stat():
 
    try:
        saved_error = open('error_list.json')
        error_list = json.load(saved_error)
    except:
        error_list = []
 
 
 
 
    if len(error_list) > 1:
        first_record = error_list[0]
        latest_record = error_list[-1]
        previous_record = error_list[-2]
 
        first_time = first_record[0]
 
        first_delta = first_record[1]
 
        latest_time = latest_record[0] 
        latest_delta = latest_record[1]
 
        previous_time = previous_record[0]
        previous_delta = previous_record[1]
 
        FMT = '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'
 
        t_latest = datetime.datetime.strptime(latest_time, FMT)
        t_previous = datetime.datetime.strptime(previous_time, FMT)
        t_first = datetime.datetime.strptime(first_time, FMT)
 
        tdelta = t_latest - t_previous
        full_delta = t_latest - t_first
 
        elapsed_time = tdelta.total_seconds()
 
        full_time = full_delta.total_seconds()
 
        print "First record time ", first_time
        print "First record delta ", first_delta
        print ""
 
        print "Previous record time ", previous_time
        print "Previous record delta ", previous_delta
        print ""
 
        print "Latest record time " , latest_time
        print "Latest record delta ", latest_delta
        print ""
 
        print "Overall elapsed time ", full_delta
        print "Latest elapsed time ", tdelta
        print ""
 
        # Current Error rate
        time_error = latest_delta - previous_delta
        error_rate = time_error / elapsed_time
        daily_rate = error_rate * (60*60*24)
        ppm_daily = error_rate * 1000000
 
        # Overall Error rate
        total_error = latest_delta - first_delta
        average_error_rate = total_error / full_time
 
        average_rate = average_error_rate * (60*60*24)
        ppm_overall = average_error_rate * 1000000
 
 
        print "Latest delta change ", time_error
 
        print "Latest elapsed time %d seconds " % (elapsed_time)
 
        print ""
        print "Daily PPM : %0.3f" % ppm_daily
        print "Daily rate error: %0.1f s/d " % (daily_rate)
 
        print ""
        print "Total Time %d seconds" % (full_time)
        print "Total error ", total_error
        print "Total PPM : %0.3f" % ppm_overall
        print "Total rate error: %0.1f s/d" % (average_rate)
        print ""
        print "========================================================"
        print " Delta : %0.1f s | Rate : %0.1f s/d | Average : %0.1f s/d" % (latest_delta, daily_rate, average_rate)
        print "========================================================"
        print ""
    else:
        print "No rate yet"
 
 
watch_stat()

watchstat.py in python 3

watchstat.py

## a text-terminal version of the WatchCheck app
## to track error, daily error rate of timepieces.
 
#
import time
import datetime
import json
 
 
 
def watch_stat():
 
    try:
        saved_error = open('error_list.json')
        error_list = json.load(saved_error)
    except:
        error_list = []
 
 
 
 
    if len(error_list) > 1:
        first_record = error_list[0]
        latest_record = error_list[-1]
        previous_record = error_list[-2]
 
        first_time = first_record[0]
 
        first_delta = first_record[1]
 
        latest_time = latest_record[0] 
        latest_delta = latest_record[1]
 
        previous_time = previous_record[0]
        previous_delta = previous_record[1]
 
        FMT = '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'
 
        t_latest = datetime.datetime.strptime(latest_time, FMT)
        t_previous = datetime.datetime.strptime(previous_time, FMT)
        t_first = datetime.datetime.strptime(first_time, FMT)
 
        tdelta = t_latest - t_previous
        full_delta = t_latest - t_first
 
        elapsed_time = tdelta.total_seconds()
 
        full_time = full_delta.total_seconds()
 
        print("First record time ", first_time)
        print("First record delta ", first_delta)
        print("")
 
        print("Previous record time ", previous_time)
        print("Previous record delta ", previous_delta)
        print("")
 
        print("Latest record time " , latest_time)
        print("Latest record delta ", latest_delta)
        print("")
 
        print("Overall elapsed time ", full_delta)
        print("Latest elapsed time ", tdelta)
        print("")
 
        # Current Error rate
        time_error = latest_delta - previous_delta
        error_rate = time_error / elapsed_time
        daily_rate = error_rate * (60*60*24)
        ppm_daily = error_rate * 1000000
 
        # Overall Error rate
        total_error = latest_delta - first_delta
        average_error_rate = total_error / full_time
 
        average_rate = average_error_rate * (60*60*24)
        ppm_overall = average_error_rate * 1000000
 
 
        print("Latest delta change ", time_error)
 
        print("Latest elapsed time %d seconds " % (elapsed_time))
 
        print("")
        print("Daily PPM : %0.3f" % ppm_daily)
        print("Daily rate error: %0.1f s/d " % (daily_rate))
 
        print("")
        print("Total Time %d seconds" % (full_time))
        print("Total error ", total_error)
        print("Total PPM : %0.3f" % ppm_overall)
        print("Total rate error: %0.1f s/d" % (average_rate))
        print("")
        print("========================================================")
        print(" Delta : %0.1f s | Rate : %0.1f s/d | Average : %0.1f s/d" % (latest_delta, daily_rate, average_rate))
        print("========================================================")
        print("")
    else:
        print("No rate yet")
 
 
watch_stat()

Running watchstat.py on the newly updated error_list.json

gm4slv@laptop:~/watchcheck_damasko $ python watchstat.py
First record time  2022/05/04 10:19:30
First record delta  -30.1799800396

Previous record time  2022/05/04 10:19:30
Previous record delta  -30.1799800396

Latest record time  2022/05/04 10:30:30
Latest record delta  -30.1998269558

Overall elapsed time  0:11:00
Latest elapsed time  0:11:00

Latest delta change  -0.0198469161987
Latest elapsed time 660 seconds

Daily PPM : -30.071
Daily rate error: -2.6 s/d

Total Time 660 seconds
Total error  -0.0198469161987
Total PPM : -30.071
Total rate error: -2.6 s/d

========================================================
 Delta : -30.2 s | Rate : -2.6 s/d | Average : -2.6 s/d
========================================================

watchcheck.py also creates a log file on each run.

04/05/2022 09:30:30     -30.2           -2.6            -2.6

The fields are “date time”, current error, error in seconds per day since last record, average error in seconds per day since the start.

This mimics the behaviour of the Android Watchcheck app

John Pumford-Green Wed May 4 09:09:09 2022

Page Updated : 23/01/26 14:13 GMT

python, watch

Icom IC-R75

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Rig and Key List

Icom IC-R75

Details

Repairs / Mods

-5V DC/DC converter
- various capacitor failures

“Turn Off” fault - due to overheating of 13V regulator
- Cured by
  - Reduce input voltage to 13.8V
  - Improve heatsinking of regulator IC to chassis

Remote Control

connected to shack server via RS232
shack server running Python netradio server.py to give TCP/IP network control

laptop PC running Python netradio client.py to give user access

Available controls:

gm4slv@laptop:~/Python/PythonProjects/netradio $ python2 client.py
There are currently 1 radios connected.
=================================
Status of Radio 1 (IC-R75)

Frequency : 391.000 kHz
Mode: CW
S-Meter: -113.0dBm
1 : 0
=================================

Please choose a radio

There are currently 1 radios connected.
Radio 1 is IC-R75
Choose a radio number from the list : 1

The available commands are:
lr   : List Radios
sr   : Select the Radio to control
gr   : Get currently selected Radio name
gm   : Get Mode
sm   : Set Mode
gf   : Get Freq
sf   : Set Freq
gs   : Get S-meter
gp   : Get Pre-amp
pon  : Set Pre-amp On
poff : Set Pre-amp Off
gatt : Get Attn
aton : Set Attn On
atoff: Set Attn Off
ga   : Get All (status of all radios)
sync : Sync freq/mode on two radios
log  : Setup background logging to file
h    : Help (show this command list)
q    : quit

IC-R75 >

audio via network using PicoPhone
- running on shack laptop via Wine
- running on Windows laptop natively

Remote control is achieved via a SSH connection to shack laptop to run the netradio client.py and the RX audio can be heard via PicoPhone.

Documentation

MB7AZE AllStar Config

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 20:19:57 +0000

←AllStar Linking

MB7AZE AllStar Config

Main Config files

echolink.conf

/etc/asterisk/echolink.conf

[el0]
call = MB7AZE-L                          ; Change this!
pwd = xxxxxxxx                           ; Change this!
name = John                        ; Change this!
qth = allstar 481481                           ; Change this!
email = gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com                         ; Change this!
node = 879598                           ; Change this!
; Data for EchoLink Status Page
lat = 60.2883                               ; Latitude in decimal degrees
lon = -001.42533                               ; Longitude in decimal degrees
freq = 430.050                              ; not mandatory Frequency in MHz
tone = 0.0                              ; not mandatory CTCSS Tone (0 for none)
power = 1                               ; 0=0W, 1=1W, 2=4W, 3=9W, 4=16W, 5=25W, 6=36W, 7=49W, 8=64W, 9=81W (Power in Watts)
height = 0                              ; 0=10 1=20 2=40 3=80 4=160 5=320 6=640 7=1280 8=2560 9=5120 (AMSL in Feet)
gain = 0                                ; Gain in db (0-9)
dir = 0                                 ; 0=omni 1=45deg 2=90deg 3=135deg 4=180deg 5=225deg 6=270deg 7=315deg 8=360deg (Direction)
maxstns = 5                            ; Max Stations

rtcptimeout = 10
recfile = /tmp/echolink_recorded.gsm    ;
astnode = 481481             ; Change this!
context = radio-secure                  ; Default in code is echolink-in

; Max 3 servers
server1 = nasouth.echolink.org
server2 = naeast.echolink.org
server3 = server3.echolink.org

; To deny w6xxx you would add the statement: deny = w6xxx
; To prohibit computer-based connections you would write: permit = *-*
; To allow access to only a select group of callsigns: permit = w6abc,w6def,...
; permit                                ; comma delimited list of callsign, type (-r)
; deny


; Remote text commands thru netcat:
; o.conip <IPaddress>    (request a connect)
; o.dconip <IPaddress>   (request a disconnect)
; o.rec                  (turn on/off recording)

; ipaddr
; port

manager.conf

/etc/asterisk/manager.conf

;
; Asterisk Call Management support
;

; By default asterisk will listen on localhost only. 
[general]
enabled = yes
port = 5038
bindaddr = 127.0.0.1

[gm4slv]
secret = llcgi
read = all,system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config
write = all,system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config

rpt.conf

/etc/asterisk/rpt.conf

; Radio Repeater configuration file (for use with app_rpt)
; Your Repeater
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;
; This is where you define your nodes which can be connected to.
;

[nodes]
; Note, if you are using automatic update for allstar link nodes,
; no allstar link nodes should be defined here. Only place a definition
; for your local nodes, and private (off of allstar link) nodes here.

;481480 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/481480,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
481481 = radio@127.0.0.1:4569/481481,NONE	; This must be changed to your node number
                                        ; and iax port number if not the default

;[481480]					; Change this to your assigned node number
[481481]					; Change this to your assigned node number

                                        ; Must also be enabled in modules.conf
					; Rx audio/signalling channel. Choose ONLY 1 per node stanza

					; Enable the selected channel driver in modules.conf !!!
;rxchannel = dahdi/pseudo	        ; No radio (hub)
 rxchannel = SimpleUSB/usb_48148	; SimpleUSB
; rxchannel = Pi/1                      ; Raspberry Pi PiTA
; rxchannel = Radio/usb_48148		; USBRadio (DSP)
; rxchannel = Dahdi/1			; PCI Quad card
; rxchannel = Beagle/1			; BeagleBoard
; rxchannel = USRP/127.0.0.1:34001:32001; GNU Radio interface USRP
; rxchannel = Voter/48148                ; RTCM device


duplex = 1                              ; 0 = Half duplex with no telemetry tones or hang time.
                                        ;     Special Case: Full duplex if linktolink is set to yes.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing with an external multiport repeater controller.
					;     Comment out idrecording and idtalkover to suppress IDs also
                                        ; 1 = Half duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Does not repeat audio.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a simplex node.
                                        ; 2 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time.
                                        ;     This mode is preferred when interfacing a repeater.
                                        ; 3 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time, but no repeated audio.
                                        ; 4 = Full Duplex with telemetry tones and hang time. Repeated audio only when the autopatch is down.

linktolink = no				; disables forcing physical half-duplex operation of main repeater while
					; still keeping half-duplex semantics (optional)

linkmongain = 0				; Link Monitor Gain adjusts the audio level of monitored nodes when a signal from another node or the local receiver is received.
					; If linkmongain is set to a negative number the monitored audio will decrease by the set amount in db.
					; If linkmongain set to a positive number monitored audio will increase by the set amount in db.
					; The value of linkmongain is in db. The default value is 0 db.

erxgain = -3				; Echolink receive gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
etxgain = 3				; Echolink transmit gain adjustment
					; Note: Gain is in db-volts (20logVI/VO)
eannmode = 2                           ; 1 = Say only node number on echolink connects (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = say phonetic call sign only on echolink connects
                                        ; 3 = say phonetic call sign and node number on echolink connects

;controlstates = controlstates		; system control state stanza

scheduler = schedule			; scheduler stanza
functions = functions			; Repeater Function stanza
phone_functions = functions		; Phone Function stanza
link_functions = functions		; Link Function stanza

telemetry = telemetry			; Telemetry stanza
morse = morse				; Morse stanza
wait_times = wait-times			; Wait times stanza

context = radio				; dialing context for phone
callerid = "Repeater" <0000000000>	; callerid for phone calls
accountcode = RADIO                     ; account code (optional)

hangtime = 200				; squelch tail hang time (in ms) (optional, default 5 seconds, 5000 ms)
althangtime = 300			; longer squelch tail
totime = 300000				; 5 mins (12/4/22) transmit time-out time (in ms) (optional, default 3 minutes 180000 ms)

telemnomdb = -3				;
telemduckdb = -10			;

;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/gm4slv_id
;idrecording = /home/gm4slv/mb7aze_id
idrecording = |iDE MB7AZE			; Main ID message

;idtalkover = |iMB7AZE			; Talkover ID message
idtalkover = |iMB7AZE			; Talkover ID message
					; See Telemetry section Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148
idtime = 900000				; 15 mins (12/4/22) id interval time (in ms) (optional) Default 5 minutes (300000 ms)
politeid = 30000			; time in milliseconds before ID timer expires to try and ID in the tail. (optional, default 30000)

unlinkedct = ct12			; Send a this courtesy tone when the user unkeys if the node is not connected to any other nodes. (optional, default is none)
remotect = ct3				; remote linked courtesy tone (indicates a remote is in the list of links)
linkunkeyct = ct4			; sent when a transmission received over the link unkeys
;nolocallinkct = 0			; Send unlinkedct instead if another local node is connected to this node (hosted on the same PC).

; Supermon smlogger
connpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 1
discpgm=/usr/local/sbin/supermon/smlogger 0

;connpgm = yourconnectprogram		; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on connect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being connected to us (them)
;discpgm = yourdisconnectprogram	; Disabled. Execute a program you specify on disconnect. (default)
					; passes 2 command line arguments to your program:
					; 1. node number in this stanza (us)
					; 2. node number being disconnected from us (them)

lnkactenable = 0			; Set to 1 to enable the link activity timer. Applicable to standard nodes only.

lnkacttime = 3600			; Link activity timer time in seconds.
lnkactmacro = *73			; Function to execute when link activity timer expires.
lnkacttimerwarn = custom/timeout		; Message to play when the link activity timer has 30 seconds left.

;remote_inact_timeout =	60		; Specifies the amount of time without keying from the link. Set to 0 to disable timeout. (15 * 60)
;remote_timeout =			; Session time out for remote base. Set to 0 to disable. (60 * 60)
;remote_timeout_warning_freq =		; 30
;remote_timeout_warning =		; (3 * 60)

;nounkeyct = 0				; Set to a 1 to eliminate courtesy tones and associated delays.

holdofftelem = 0			; Hold off all telemetry when signal is present on receiver or from connected nodes
					; except when an ID needs to be done and there is a signal coming from a connected node.

telemdefault = 1                        ; 0 = telemetry output off
                                        ; 1 = telemetry output on (default = 1)
                                        ; 2 = timed telemetry output on command execution and for a short time thereafter.

telemdynamic = 1                        ; 0 = disallow users to change the local telemetry setting with a COP command,
                                        ; 1 = Allow users to change the setting with a COP command. (default = 1)

beaconing = 1				; Send ID regardless of repeater activity (Required in the UK, but probably illegal in the US)

parrotmode = 1				; 0 = Parrot Off (default = 0)
					; 1 = Parrot On Command
					; 2 = Parrot Always
					; 3 = Parrot Once by Command

parrottime = 1000			; Set the amount of time in milliseconds
					; to wait before parroting what was received

;rxnotch=1065,40                        ; (Optional) Notch a particular frequency for a specified
                                        ; b/w. app_rpt must have been compiled with
                                        ; the notch option

startup_macro = *80*81*70

; nodenames = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames.callsign	; Point to alternate nodename sound directory

; Stream your node audio to Broadcastify or similar. See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Stream_Node_Audio_to_Broadcastify
; outstreamcmd = /bin/sh,-c,/usr/bin/lame --preset cbr 16 -r -m m -s 8 --bitwidth 16 - - | /usr/bin/ezstream -qvc /etc/ezstream.xml

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Need more information on these

;extnodes = extnodes-different	; section in extnodefile containing dynamic node information (optional)
;extnodefile = /home/gm4slv/rpt_extnodes	; Points to nodelist file containing dynamic node info default = /var/lib/asterisk/rpt_extnodes (optional)
;extnodefile2 =			; Is this a list of node files? Possible a list of private nodes or a list of static IPs for known nodes????
;nodenames = /foo/names         ; locaton of node sound files default = /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/rpt/nodenames
;archivedir = /tmp              ; defines and enables activity recording into specified directory (optional)
;monminblocks = 2048            ; Min 1K blocks to be left on partition (will not save monitor output if disk too full)

;                               ; The tailmessagetime,tailsquashedtime, and tailmessagelist need to be set
;                               ; to support tail messages. They can be omitted otherwise.
;tailmessagetime = 300000       ; Play a tail message every 5 mins
;tailsquashedtime = 30000       ; If squashed by another user,
;                               ; try again after 30 seconds
;tailmessagelist = msg1,msg2    ; list of messages to be played for tail message

; alt_functions
; ctgroup
; dphone_functions
; idtime
; iobase
; iospeed
; locallist
; mars		Remote Base
; memory
; nobusyout
; nodes
; nolocallinkct
; notelemtx
; outxlat
; parrot
; propagate_phonedtmf
; rptnode
; rptinactmacro  Macro to execute when inactivity timer expires
; rptinacttime   Inactivity timer time in seconds  (0 seconds disables feature)
; rxnotch	Optional Audio notch
; simplexphonedelay
; tonemacro
; tonezone
; txlimits


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


; *** Status Reporting ***

; Comment the following statpost line stop to reporting of the status of your node to stats.allstarlink.org
statpost_url = http://stats.allstarlink.org/uhandler ; Status updates

[functions]

; Prefix	Functions
; *1		Disconnect Link
; *2		Monitor Link
; *3		Connect Link
; *4		Command Mode
; *5		Macros
; *6		User Functions
; *7		Connection Status/Functions
; *8		User Functions
; *9		User Functions
; *0		User Functions

; *A		User Functions
; *B		User Functions
; *C		User Functions
; *D		User Functions


; Mandatory Command Codes
1 = ilink,1		; Disconnect specified link
2 = ilink,2		; Connect specified link -- monitor only
3 = ilink,3		; Connect specified link -- tranceive
4 = ilink,4		; Enter command mode on specified link

70 = ilink,5		; System status

;99 = cop,6              ; PTT (phone mode only)

; End Mandatory Command Codes

73 = ilink,6		; Disconnect All Links
74 = ilink,16		; Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"

80 = status,11         ; Force ID (local only)
81 = status,12         ; Give Time of Day (local only)

91 = cop,21		; Enable Parrot Mode
92 = cop,22		; Disable Parrot Mode
93 = cop,55		; Parrot Once if parrot mode is disabled

98 = cop,2		; System enable
99 = cop,3		; System disable

901 = cop,1				; System warm boot

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Macro Commands
5 = macro

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Autopatch Commands
; Note, This may be a good place for other 2 digit frequently used commands

;61 = autopatchup,noct = 1,farenddisconnect = 1,dialtime = 20000  ; Autopatch up
;62 = autopatchdn                                                 ; Autopatch down

; autopatchup can optionally take comma delimited setting=value pairs:

; context = string		; Override default context with "string"
; dialtime = ms			; Specify the max number of milliseconds between phone number digits (1000 milliseconds = 1 second)
; farenddisconnect = 1		; Automatically disconnect when called party hangs up
; noct = 1			; Don't send repeater courtesy tone during autopatch calls
; quiet = 1			; Don't send dial tone, or connect messages. Do not send patch down message when called party hangs up
				; Example: 123=autopatchup,dialtime=20000,noct=1,farenddisconnect=1

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Status Commands

; 1 - Force ID (global)
; 2 - Give Time of Day (global)
; 3 - Give software Version (global)
; 4 - Give GPS location info
; 5 - Last (dtmf) user
; 11 - Force ID (local only)
; 12 - Give Time of Day (local only)

;721 = status,1          ; Force ID (global)
;722 = status,2          ; Give Time of Day (global)
;723 = status,3          ; Give software Version (global)
;724 = status,4          ; Give GPS location info
;725 = status,5          ; Last (dtmf) user



;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Link Commands

; 1 - Disconnect specified link
; 2 - Connect specified link -- monitor only
; 3 - Connect specified link -- tranceive
; 4 - Enter command mode on specified link
; 5 - System status
; 6 - Disconnect all links
; 7 - Last Node to Key Up
; 8 - Connect specified link -- local monitor only
; 9 - Send Text Message (9,<destnodeno or 0 (for all)>,Message Text, etc.
; 10 - Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
; 11 - Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
; 12 - Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
; 13 - Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
; 15 - Full system status (all nodes)
; 16 - Reconnect links disconnected with "disconnect all links"
; 17 - MDC test (for diag purposes)
; 18 - Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only

; ilink commands 1 through 5 are defined in the Mandatory Command section

;806 = ilink,6			; Disconnect all links
;827 = ilink,7			; Last Node to Key Up
;808 = ilink,8			; Connect specified link -- local monitor only
;809 = ilink,9,48148,"Testing"	; would send a text message to node 48148 replace 48148 with 0 for all connected nodes
;810 = ilink,10			; Disconnect all RANGER links (except permalinks)
;811 = ilink,11			; Disconnect a previously permanently connected link
;812 = ilink,12			; Permanently connect specified link -- monitor only
;823 = ilink,13			; Permanently connect specified link -- tranceive
;815 = ilink,15			; Full system status (all nodes)
;817 = ilink,17			; MDC test (for diag purposes)
;818 = ilink,18			; Permanently Connect specified link -- local monitor only

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Control operator (cop) functions.
; Change these to something other than these codes listed below!
; Uncomment as needed.

;901 = cop,1				; System warm boot

; 904 = cop,4				; Test tone on/off (toggle)
; 905 = cop,5				; Dump system variables on console (debug use only)

; 907 = cop,7				; Time out timer enable
; 908 = cop,8				; Time out timer disable

; 909 = cop,9				; Autopatch enable
; 910 = cop,10				; Autopatch disable

; 911 = cop,11				; User linking functions enable
; 912 = cop,12				; User linking functions disable

; 913 = cop,13				; Query system control state
; 914 = cop,14				; Set system control state

; 915 = cop,15				; Scheduler enable
; 916 = cop,16				; Scheduler disable

; 917 = cop,17				; User functions enable (time, id, etc)
; 918 = cop,18				; User functions disable

; 919 = cop,19				; Select alternate hang time (althangtime)
; 920 = cop,20				; Select standard hangtime (hangtime)


; 924 = cop,24				; Flush all telemetry
; 925 = cop,25				; Query last node un-keyed
; 926 = cop,26				; Query all nodes keyed/unkeyed
; 927 = cop,27				; Reset DAQ minimum on a pin
; 928 = cop,28				; Reset DAQ maximum on a pin

; 930 = cop,30				; Recall Memory Setting in Attached Xcvr

; 931 = cop,31				; Channel Selector for Parallel Programmed Xcvr

; 932 = cop,32				; Touchtone pad test: command + Digit string + # to playback all digits pressed

; 933 = cop,33				; Local Telemetry Output Enable
; 934 = cop,34				; Local Telemetry Output Disable
; 935 = cop,35				; Local Telemetry Output on Demand

; 936 = cop,36				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Enable
; 937 = cop,37				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Disable
; 938 = cop,38				; Foreign Link Local Output Path Follows Local Telemetry
; 939 = cop,39				; Foreign Link Local Output Path on Demand

; 942 = cop,42				; Echolink announce node # only
; 943 = cop,43				; Echolink announce node Callsign only
; 944 = cop,44				; Echolink announce node # & Callsign

; 945 = cop,45				; Link Activity timer enable
; 945 = cop,46				; Link Activity timer disable
; 947 = cop,47				; Reset "Link Config Changed" Flag

; 948 = cop,48				; Send Page Tone (Tone specs separated by parenthesis)

; 949 = cop,49				; Disable incoming connections (control state noice)
; 950 = cop,50				; Enable incoming connections (control state noicd)

; 951 = cop,51				; Enable sleep mode
; 952 = cop,52				; Disable sleep mode
; 953 = cop,53				; Wake up from sleep
; 954 = cop,54				; Go to sleep

; 956 = cop,56                            ; Rx CTCSS Enable
; 957 = cop,57                            ; Rx CTCSS Disable

; 958 = cop.58                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Enable
; 959 = cop,59                            ; Tx CTCSS On Input only Disable

; 960 = cop,60                            ; Send MDC-1200 Burst (cop,60,type,UnitID[,DestID,SubCode])
;                                         ; Type is 'I' for PttID, 'E' for Emergency, and 'C' for Call
;                                         ; (SelCall or Alert), or 'SX' for STS (ststus), where X is 0-F.
;                                         ; DestID and subcode are only specified for  the 'C' type message.
;                                         ; UnitID is the local systems UnitID. DestID is the MDC1200 ID of
;                                         ; the radio being called, and the subcodes are as follows:
;                                         ; Subcode '8205' is Voice Selective Call for Spectra ('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '8015' is Voice Selective Call for Maxtrac ('SC') or
;                                         ; Astro-Saber('Call')
;                                         ; Subcode '810D' is Call Alert (like Maxtrac 'CA')

; 961 = cop,61                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins (cop,61,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)
; 962 = cop,62                            ; Send Message to USB to control GPIO pins, quietly (cop,62,GPIO1=0[,GPIO4=1].....)

; 963 = cop,63                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification (cop,63,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 964 = cop,64                            ; Send pre-configred APRSTT notification, quietly (cop,64,CALL[,OVERLAYCHR])
; 965 = cop,65                            ; Send POCSAG page (equipped channel types only)

[functions-remote]

0 = remote,1                            ; Retrieve Memory
1 = remote,2                            ; Set freq.
2 = remote,3                            ; Set tx PL tone
3 = remote,4                            ; Set rx PL tone
40 = remote,100                         ; Rx PL off
41 = remote,101                         ; Rx PL on
42 = remote,102                         ; Tx PL off
43 = remote,103                         ; Tx PL on
44 = remote,104                         ; Low Power
45 = remote,105                         ; Medium Power
46 = remote,106                         ; High Power
711 = remote,107                        ; Bump -20
714 = remote,108                        ; Bump -100
717 = remote,109                        ; Bump -500
713 = remote,110                        ; Bump +20
716 = remote,111                        ; Bump +100
719 = remote,112                        ; Bump +500
721 = remote,113                        ; Scan - slow
724 = remote,114                        ; Scan - quick
727 = remote,115                        ; Scan - fast
723 = remote,116                        ; Scan + slow
726 = remote,117                        ; Scan + quick
729 = remote,118                        ; Scan + fast
79 = remote,119                         ; Tune
51 = remote,5                           ; Long status query
52 = remote,140				; Short status query
67 = remote,210				; Send a *
69 = remote,211				; Send a #
;91 = remote,99,CALLSIGN,LICENSETAG     ; Remote base login.
                                        ; Define a different dtmf sequence for each user which is
                                        ; authorized to use the remote base to control access to it.
                                        ; For examble 9139583=remote,99,WB6NIL,G would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WB6NIL as being logged in.
                                        ; Another entry, 9148351=remote,99,WA6ZFT,E would grant access to
                                        ; the remote base and announce WA6ZFT as being logged in.
                                        ; When the remote base is disconnected from the originating node, the
                                        ; user will be logged out. The LICENSETAG argument is used to enforce
					; tx frequency limits. See [txlimits] below.
85 = cop,6                              ; Remote base telephone key


[telemetry]

; Telemetry entries can be shared across all repeaters, or defined for each repeater.
; Can be a tone sequence, morse string, or a file
;
; |t - Tone escape sequence
;
; Tone sequences consist of 1 or more 4-tuple entries (freq1, freq2, duration, amplitude)
; Single frequencies are created by setting freq1 or freq2 to zero.
;
; |m - Morse escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the telemetry amplitude and telemetry frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; Follow with an alphanumeric string
;
; |i - Morse ID escape sequence
;
; Sends Morse code at the ID amplitude and ID frequency as defined in the
; [morse] section.
;
; path/to/sound/file/without/extension
;
; Send the sound if in place of a constructed tone. Do not include the file extension
; Example: ct8 = rpt/bloop
; Example: idrecording = rpt/nodenames/48148

ct1 = |t(350,0,100,2048)(500,0,100,2048)(660,0,100,2048)
ct2 = |t(660,880,150,2048)
ct3 = |t(440,0,150,4096)
ct4 = |t(550,0,150,2048)
ct5 = |t(660,0,150,2048)
ct6 = |t(880,0,150,2048)
ct7 = |t(660,440,150,2048)
ct8 = |t(700,1100,150,2048)
ranger = |t(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,50,0)(1800,0,60,3072)(0,0,150,0)
remotemon = |mR
;remotemon = |t(1209,0,50,2048)                                  ; local courtesy tone when receive only
remotetx = |mK
;remotetx = |t(1633,0,50,3000)(0,0,80,0)(1209,0,50,3000)		; local courtesy tone when linked Trancieve mode
cmdmode = |t(900,903,200,2048)
;functcomplete = |mW
functcomplete = |t(1000,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(1000,0,100,2048)
remcomplete = |t(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)(0,0,100,0)(650,0,100,2048)
pfxtone = |t(350,440,30000,3072)
patchup = rpt/callproceeding
patchdown = rpt/callterminated

ct12 = |mI
ct13 = |mR

; As far as what the numbers mean,
; (000,000,010,000)
;   |   |   |   |-------amplitude
;   |   |   |-------------duration
;   |   |-------------------Tone 2
;   |-------------------------Tone 1

; So, with 0,0,10,0 That says No Tone1, No Tone2, 10ms duration, 0 Amplitude.
; Use it for a delay.  Fine tuning for how long before telemetry is sent, in conjunction with the telemdelay parameter)
; The numbers, like 350,440,10,2048 are 350Hz, 440Hz, 10ms delay, amplitude of 2048.

; Morse code parameters, these are common to all repeaters.

[morse]
speed = 18				; Approximate speed in WPM
frequency = 800				; Morse Telemetry Frequency
amplitude = 4096			; Morse Telemetry Amplitude
idfrequency = 1065			; Morse ID Frequency
idamplitude = 1024			; Morse ID Amplitude

;
; This section allows wait times for telemetry events to be adjusted
; A section for wait times can be defined for every repeater
;

[wait-times]
telemwait = 400                        ; Time to wait before sending most telemetry
idwait = 500                            ; Time to wait before starting ID
unkeywait = 200                        ; Time to wait after unkey before sending CT's and link telemetry
calltermwait = 2000                     ; Time to wait before announcing "call terminated"

; Memories for remote bases

[memory]
;00 = 146.580,100.0,m
;01 = 147.030,103.5,m+t
;02 = 147.240,103.5,m+t
;03 = 147.765,79.7,m-t
;04 = 146.460,100.0,m
;05 = 146.550,100.0,m

; Place command macros here

[macro]
11 = *141223# ; disc. hubnet
21 = *241223# ; monitor hubnet
31 = *341223# ; transceive hubnet

12 = *12197# ; disc Freestar
22 = *22197# ; monitor Freestar
32 = *32197# ; transceive Freestar

13 = *129332# ; disc Alaska
23 = *229332# ; monitor Alaska
33 = *329332# ; transceive Alaska

14 = *154383# ; disc CQ North
24 = *254383# ; monitor CQ North
34 = *354383# ; transceive CQ North

191 = *140894# ; disconnect hubnet Echo
391 = *340894# ; connect hubnet echo

192 = *13009999#	; dis echolink echotest
392 = *33009999#	; con echolink echotest



; Data Acquisition configuration

;[daq-list]
;device = device_name1
;device = device_name2

;Where: device_name1 and device_name2 are stanzas you define in this file

;device = daq-cham-1

; Device name

;[daq-cham-1]				; Defined in [daq-list]
;hwtype = uchameleon			; DAQ hardware type
;devnode = /dev/ttyUSB0			; DAQ device node (if required)
;1 = inadc				; Pin definition for an ADC channel
;2 = inadc
;3 = inadc
;4 = inadc
;5 = inadc
;6 = inadc
;7 = inadc
;8 = inadc
;9 = inp				; Pin definition for an input with a weak pullup resistor
;10 = inp
;11 = inp
;12 = inp
;13 = in				; Pin definition for an input without a weak pullup resistor
;14 = out				; Pin definition for an output
;15 = out
;16 = out
;17 = out
;18 = out

;[meter-faces]

;face = scale(scalepre,scalediv,scalepost),word/?,...
;
; scalepre = offset to add before dividing with scalediv
; scalediv = full scale/number of whole units (e.g. 256/20 or 12.8 for 20 volts).
; scalepost = offset to add after dividing with scalediv
;
;face = range(X-Y:word,X2-Y2:word,...),word/?,...
;face = bit(low-word,high-word),word/?,...
;
; word/? is either a word in /var/lib/asterisk/sounds or one of its subdirectories,
; or a question mark which is  a placeholder for the measured value.
;
;
; Battery voltage 0-20 volts
;batvolts = scale(0,12.8,0),rpt/thevoltageis,?,ha/volts
; 4 quadrant wind direction
;winddir = range(0-33:north,34-96:west,97-160:south,161-224:east,225-255:north),rpt/thewindis,?
; LM34 temperature sensor with 130 deg. F full scale
;lm34f = scale(0,1.969,0),rpt/thetemperatureis,?,degrees,fahrenheit
; Status poll (non alarmed)
;light = bit(ha/off,ha/on),ha/light,?

;[alarms]
;
;tag = device,pin,node,ignorefirst,func-low,func-hi
;
;tag = a unique name for the alarm
;device = daq device to poll
;pin = the device pin to be monitored
;ignorefirstalarm = set to 1 to throwaway first alarm event, or 0 to report it
;node = the node number to execute the function on
;func-low = the DTMF function to execute on a high to low transition
;func-high = the DTMF function to execute on a low to high transition
;
; a  '-' as a function name is shorthand for no-operation
;
;door = daq-cham-1,9,1,2017,*7,-
;pwrfail = daq-cham-1,10,0,2017,*911111,-
;
; Control states
; Allow several control operator functions to be changed at once using one command (good for scheduling)
;
;[controlstates]
;statenum = copcmd,[copcmd]...
;0 = rptena,lnkena,apena,totena,ufena,noicd  ; Normal operation
;1 = rptena,lnkena,apdis,totdis,ufena,noice  ; Net and news operation
;2 = rptena,lnkdis,apdis,totena,ufdis,noice  ; Repeater only operation

; Scheduler - execute a macro at a given time

[schedule]
;dtmf_function =  m h dom mon dow  ; ala cron, star is implied
;8 = 55 12 * * *   ; at midnight, execute macro 2.

; See https://wiki.allstarlink.org/wiki/Event_Management
[events]

#includeifexists custom/rpt.conf

simpleusb.conf

/etc/asterisk/simpleusb.conf

; If you are going to use this channel driver, you MUST enable it in modules.conf
; change:
; noload => chan_simpleusb.so ;                   CM1xx USB Cards with Radio Interface Channel Driver (No DSP)
; to:
; load => chan_simpleusb.so ;                   CM1xx USB Cards with Radio Interface Channel Driver (No DSP)

; SimpleUSB configuration

[general]

[usb_48148]

eeprom = 0              ; EEPROM installed: 0,1
                        ; 0 = no (default)
                        ; 1 = yes

hdwtype = 0		; Leave this set to 0 for USB sound fobs modified using
			; the instructions from usbfob.pdf. Use a setting of 
			; 1 is for Dingotel/Sph interfaces.

; Receiver parameters

rxboost = 0             ; 0 = 20db attenuator inserted, 1= 20db attenuator removed
                        ; Set to 1 for additonal gain if using a low-level receiver output

carrierfrom = usb ; no,usb,usbinvert
                        ; no - no carrier detection at all
                        ; usb - from the COR line on the USB sound fob (Active high)
                        ; usbinvert - from the inverted COR line on the USB sound fob (Active low)

ctcssfrom = no		; no,usb,usbinvert
                        ; no - CTCSS decoding, system will be carrier squelch
                        ; usb - CTCSS decoding using input from USB sound fob (Active high)
                        ; usbinvert - from the inverted CTCSS line on the USB sound fob (Active low)

deemphasis = yes         ; enable de-emphasis (input from discriminator)

plfilter = no           ; enable PL filter

;rxondelay = 0		; number of 20ms intervals to hold off receiver turn-on indication


; Transmitter parameters

txmixa = voice          ; Left channel output (A): no,voice
                        ; no - Do not output anything
                        ; voice - output voice only

txmixb = no		; Right channel output (B): no,voice
                        ; no - Do not output anything
                        ; voice - output voice only

txboost = 0

invertptt = 0           ; Invert PTT: 0,1
                        ; 0 - ground to transmit
                        ; 1 - open to transmit

preemphasis = yes	; Perform standard 6db/octave pre-emphasis

; pager = no            ; no,a,b (e.g. pager = b means "put the normal repeat audio on channel A, and the pager audio on channel B")

; duplex3 = 0           ; duplex 3 gain setting (0 to disable)

duplex = 0              ; Duplex 0,1
                        ; 0 - half duplex
                        ; 1 - full duplex

#includeifexists custom/simpleusb.conf

simpleusb_tune_usb_48148.conf

/etc/asterisk/simpleusb_tune_usb_48148.conf

[usb_48148]
; name=usb_48148
; devicenum=1
devstr=1-1.2:1.0
rxmixerset=330
txmixaset=70
txmixbset=50

crontab

00 * * * * sudo /usr/sbin/asterisk -rx “rpt localplay 481481 /home/gm4slv/mb7aze_id ” >/dev/null 2>&1

00 * * * * sleep 4 && sudo /usr/sbin/asterisk -rx “rpt fun 481481 *81” >/dev/null 2>&1

Page created Sun May 29 15:48:50 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 21:19 BST

pi, radio, allstar, mb7aze

R Pi Image files

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

R Pi Image files

Various tips and tricks for working with Raspberry Pi Disk Images

Taking an image

remove SD card from Pi
insert into PC
unmount the image partitions if they get auto-mounted

take the image using dd

sudo dd if=/dev/mmblahblah of=name_of_image.img bs=4M

wait….. and wait….
this can now be either
1. saved as it is (possibly a big file)
2. compressed with gzip
```
gzip name_of_image.img
```
an alternative is to make sure the image is as small as it needs to be, appropriate to the space actually needed by the installed OS.

Using ''losetup'' to work with the image file

The image can be used as a loop device and then mounted as a normal disk to allow access to the files etc.

To access the image as a loop device you let losetup find the partitions automatically and convert them to to loop partitions loop0p1 (the /boot partition) and loop0p2 the root partition. You can then mount whichever one you need.

gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo losetup -Pf igate.img
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ lsblk
NAME      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0       7:0    0   4.3G  0 loop
├─loop0p1 259:0    0   256M  0 part
└─loop0p2 259:1    0     4G  0 part
sda         8:0    0 298.1G  0 disk
├─sda1      8:1    0 235.1G  0 part /
├─sda2      8:2    0     1K  0 part
├─sda3      8:3    0  50.9G  0 part
└─sda5      8:5    0  12.1G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0        11:0    1  1024M  0 rom
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo mount /dev/loop0p2 /mnt
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ cd /mnt
gm4slv@laptop:/mnt $ ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  share  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
gm4slv@laptop:/mnt $ cd etc/
gm4slv@laptop:/mnt/etc $ cat hostname
igate
gm4slv@laptop:/mnt/etc $

This allows you to change files (one example is to set a fixed IP address in /etc/dhcpcd.conf) as required.

Shrinking the image

If the OS had been expanded after install to fill the whole SD Card space there is now a lot of pointless wasted space in the image that

takes up disk space to store
makes copying to a new SD card slow
makes it impossible to copy to a smaller card

The image can be shrunk to a more appropriate size.

The gist of it is here

unmount the loop device:
```
sudo umount /mnt
```
use gparted (need to be at a machine with a graphical session) to shrink the partition to a more suitable size, leaving some room for safety
dispose of the loop device
```
sudo losetup -d loop0
```
The *.img file is still the same size, but the partitions within the file are smaller, the rest of the space needs to be stripped from the *.img file with truncate
Use fdisk to inspect the image file to see where the partitions start and end

gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo fdisk -l igate.img
Disk igate.img: 4.25 GiB, 4563402752 bytes, 8912896 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x38ea48c4
 
Device     Boot  Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
igate.img1        8192  532479  524288  256M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
igate.img2      532480 8912895 8380416    4G 83 Linux

The second partition ends at block 8912895 so you shrink the filesystem to this point (plus one). This requires the calculation of the actual number of bytes, based on the block size of 512 bytes.
Either calculate it yourself, or put the calculation in the command:
- ```
 sudo truncate --size=$[(8912895+1)*512] name_of_image.img
```

Voila, a smaller image on file which uses just enough space for the already known to be working OS

Page Updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

linux, pi

VHF / HF Xgate 2024

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 20:38:12 +0000

←HF / VHF Xgate

VHF / HF Xgate 2024

Revisiting an old project

Previously...

VHF / HF X-Gate Project

DTMF Commands on VHF Port

DTMF Commands

Function	Command	Comment
Log on	0#
Log off	99#
Set Frequency	*1fffff#	ffff.f kHz
Set Channel	*1xxxx#	mem chan xxxx
Set Mode USB	*21#
Set Mode LSB	*22#
Set Mode AM	*23#
Set TX Power Low	*41#	15W
Set TX Power Medium	*42#	50W
Set TX Power High	*43#	100W
QSY Down 0.5kHz	*5#
QSY Up 0.5kHz	*6#
Monitor HF	*7#	5 seconds
Monitor HF	*7xx#	xx seconds
Monitor HF	71#	(Duplex Mode) Continuous Monitor ON
Monitor HF	70#	(Duplex Mode) Continuous Monitor OFF
ATU Tune	*8#
Status	*9#
S-Meter	*91#
Full Status	*93#
Talkthrough ON	*01#
Talkthrough OFF	*00#

Plans for 2024

Re-install all the hardware:
- IC-M710
- Raspberry Pi X-Gate controller
- X-Gate Interface with syllabic squelch and DTMF decoder
Test in full-duplex VHF/UHF mode to identify any issues that need addressing to bring back to normal function
Suspend or stop completely VHF APRS to free up V/UHF for X-Gate
Test remote operation from Vehicle - V/UHF coverage is unlikely to be very good…
Revisit Python code if necessary to add/remove features.
Actually have real QSOs on HF using the X-Gate!

2024 Progress

23/3/24

Connected X-Gate Interface, R.Pi controller, IC-M710 and FT8900
Initial problem with crashing due to USB problems on R.Pi causing USB/Serial adaptor (for control of IC-M710) to fail - this was cured by using different 5V USB power supply.
Speech clipper removed from HF TX audio path due to distortion and poor audio quality.
HF Audio drive level set to give correct HF SSB Power out
Web server status page available by port forwarding at http://gm4slv.plus.com:42109/
VHF uplink changed to split-band
- Input : 144.650MHz
- Output: 435.400MHz
- This allows control even when in permanent “Monitor” or “Talkthrough”
- Enabled a 15-minute CW ident on the UHF port which identifies with my callsign and the current HF frequency/mode.

TMUX Session

Xgate software runs in a Tmux session with 3 panes
- Xgate software - printing commands etc. from the running controller code
- Relay control - independantly control various Xgate relays (PTT, Monitor, Mute, CW tone) directly, while main xgate is running.
- a shell for editing code etc.

24/3/24 : Thoughts....

Is the “HF Channel” 4-digit input selection really of any value?
- It requires memorizing channel numbers and saves entering only one or two digits.
- Will probably drop this function unless I find a use for it soon.
- Perhaps change to 2-digit channels and limit to a few frequently used frequency/mode combinations?

The current channels are: Memory Dictionary (4 digits)

mem_dict = {
        "0101" : ["1942.0", "LSB"],
        "0102" : ["1933.0", "LSB"],
        "0103" : ["1957.0", "LSB"],
        "0104" : ["1985.0", "LSB"],
        "0105" : ["1966.0", "LSB"],
        "0301" : ["3773.0", "LSB"],
        "0302" : ["3760.0", "LSB"],
        "0303" : ["3615.0", "AM"],
        "0501" : ["5276.0","USB"],
        "0502" : ["5279.0","USB"],
        "0503" : ["5298.0","USB"],
        "0504" : ["5301.0","USB"],
        "0505" : ["5304.0","USB"],
        "0506" : ["5317.0","AM"],
        "0507" : ["5320.0", "USB"],
        "0508" : ["5333.0", "USB"],
        "0509" : ["5354.0", "USB"],
        "0510" : ["5363.0", "USB"],
        "0511" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "0512" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0513" : ["5378.0", "USB"],
        "0514" : ["5395.0", "USB"],
        "0515" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "0516" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0521" : ["5258.5", "USB"],
        "0522" : ["5278.5", "USB"],
        "0523" : ["5288.5", "USB"],
        "0524" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "0525" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0526" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "0527" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0531" : ["5330.5", "USB"],
        "0532" : ["5346.5", "USB"],
        "0533" : ["5357.0", "USB"],
        "0534" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "0535" : ["5403.5", "USB"],
        "0591" : ["5450.0", "USB"],
        "0592" : ["5505.0", "USB"],
        "0701" : ["7160.0", "LSB"],
        "1091" : ["10051.0", "USB"]
        }

Initial try at 2-digit memory channels

mem_dict = {
 
        "01" : ["5279.0","USB"],
        "02" : ["5320.0", "USB"],
        "03" : ["5366.5", "USB"],
        "04" : ["5371.5", "USB"],
        "05" : ["5378.0", "USB"],
        "06" : ["5395.0", "USB"],
        "07" : ["5398.5", "USB"],
        "08" : ["5450.0", "USB"],
        "09" : ["5505.0", "USB"],
        "10" : ["7160.0", "LSB"],
        }

One change in main xgate code:

 if len(command_two[2:]) == 4:

becomes

 if len(command_two[2:]) == 2:

                elif command_two[:2] == "*1":
                    write_file("Frequency / Memory")
                    #if len(command_two[2:]) == 4:
                    if len(command_two[2:]) == 2:
                        new_freq = float(mem_dict[command_two[2:]][0])
                        new_mode = mem_dict[command_two[2:]][1]
                        write_file("Memory Channel selected %s" % mem_dict[command_two[2:]])
                        set_frequency(new_freq)
                        set_mode(new_mode)
                        write_status("freq",str(new_freq))
                        write_status("mode",new_mode)
                    else:
                        new_freq = float(command_two[2:])/10
                        set_frequency(new_freq)
                        write_status("freq",str(new_freq))

modified main xgate code to be able to start in simplex or duplex mode by the choice of commandline argument:
- for simplex (single frequency/band uplink/downlink) which will disable the continuous monitor function to avoid getting locked out →

./xgate_current.py s

for duplex (separate uplink and downlink bands) which will enable the continuous monitor function, as it is always possible to send a command on the uplink band while the downlink is transmitting →

./xgate_current.py d

I've updated the mercurial repository - added new files, committed recent changes and made a clone of it on the shack laptop - in Dropbox (which might be a bad idea?)

There's another page about simple Mercurial , as an aid to remembering how to do it each time.

24/3/24

xgate_m710.zip

Xgate scripts

Mobile Cross-band repeat access

29/3/24

If the X-gate is set to simplex mode (single band control) on VHF it should be possible to access the system via a mobile cross-band repeater from a low power UHF handheld.

This extends the range of the local VHF network.

If you are within UHF simplex range of the V/UHF cross-band repeater (usually vehicle mounted) and the vehicle is located within VHF range of the X-Gate (e.g. on a suitable distant hill-top) it should be possible to access the X-Gate and log in/change frequency etc. and to operate through it on HF, from the UHF side of the vehicle's Cross-Band repeater.

I am beginning tests on this using a TM-D710 mobile and TH-D72 handheld.

From the RSGB Band Plan

144.500 MHz Image Modes (SSTV, Fax etc)
144.600 MHz Data Centre of Activity (MGM, RTTY etc)
433.8000-434.2500 MHz Digital communications & Experiments

On 2m an appropriate place seems to be between 144.500 and 144.600, where there don't seem to be any prior centre-of-activity channels carved out.

I'll use 144.575MHz.

On 70cm an appropriate place seems to be between 433.800 and 434.250 - experiments

I'll use 433.825MHz

X-Gate uplink changed to Simplex : 144.575MHz

Talkthrough Watchdog Timer

I found an old piece of the python code I'd written that adds a Talkthrough Timeout to the X-Gate. It detects the commencement of a Talkthrough period and starts a timer. The timeout of this watchdog is set in the code, as is a pre-timeout warning time.

At the end of the warning time the VHF port sends “di-dit” every 20 seconds superimposed over the talkthrough (HF Receive) audio, to warn the VHF user(s) that the talkthrough will terminate soon.

At the end of the timeout period the Talkthrough is turned off and the system returns to it's quiescent state.

The Barrett 2062 Crossgate has a 10 minute inactivity timeout, which closes the cross-connection (talkthrough) after 10 minutes with no user activity.

My X-Gate doesn't take into consideration user activity, as the VHF→HF PTT does not get monitored by the X-Gate, so it is not currently possible to quantify “user inactivity”, by observing if there's any traffic on the VHF port. The Watchdog as it stands is a safety precaution against talkthrough getting locked up in transmit (in either direction).

After a timeout it's a simple matter of logging in again via VHF DTMF and re-starting talkthrough if it's still required. The “warning pips” give notice that this action is soon to be needed. If talkthrough is no longer needed then no further action is required.

Ideas

Make the Watchdog timer user switchable - be able to disable it if required.

Added new DTMF Commands “Timeout on” = * 3 1 #, “Timeout off” = * 3 0 #
Use these to write to the “status” file
The watchdog process can check the status file to decide whether to take action or not
Tested and it works as expected

Problems

29/3/24

Found that the IC-M710 HF radio has poor receive sensitivity - well below spec. 12dB SINAD should be at 0.5uV but it needs more like 3uV (or more) which is quite poor
X-Gate taken out of use until I can either repair the IC-M710 or make up connections to use the IC-7200. The latter needs a 13-pin DIN plug for the rear panel ACC socket.

Further Information

GM4SLV XGate

Status Page

http://gm4slv.plus.com:42109/

radio, xgate

DM32 Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 07:14:40 +0000

←Programs

DM32 Progs

Description

Return Loss & SWR from Complex Impedance

Input Rs and Xs to calculate |z|, |ρ|, VSWR and R.Loss

Complex numbers in DM32

The DM32/HP31Sii handles complex numbers by treating stack-X as Real, stack-Y and Imaginary for one complex number, and stack-Z as Real and stack-T as Imaginary for a second complex number.

This means the normal 4 level stack can hold 2 complex numbers. This is similar to the HP41 Advantage Pack's method.

To store a complex number in a register actually requires two to be used - one for Real part and one for Imaginary part. This is similar to the HP15C/DM15L.

Once the real and imaginary values are on the stack various “Complex” functions are accessed by SHIFTCMPLXFunction for example to add

Z₁ = (10 + j20)

and

Z₂ = (30 - j25)

gives

Z₃ = Z₁ + Z₂ = ( 10 + j20 ) + ( 30 - j25 )

20 ENTER 10 ENTER
25 CHS ENTER 30

The stack will show

Then carry out the addition

SHIFT CMPLX +

The display will show

X has the real part of Z₃ (40) and Y has the imaginary part of Z₃ (-5)

Z₃ = ( 40 - j5 )

The program

LBL Z
INPUT R
INPUT X
X<>Y       ; swap so Real is R and Imag is X
0
ENTER
50         ; enter Zo as 50 + j 0 
CMPLX +    ; complex addition Z + Zo
STO A      ; store intermediate value Re (Z + Zo)
R↓        
STO B      ; store intermediate value Im (Z + Zo)
R↓         ; X and Y stack now holds input Z real & imag again   
0
ENTER
50         ; enter Zo as 50 + j 0 (again)
CMPLX -    ; complex subtraction Z - Zo
RCL B      ; Im (Z + Zo)  
RCL A      ; Re (Z + Zo)
CMPLX ÷    ; complex divide (STACK z,t holds (Z - Zo) stack x,y holds (Z + Zo) (from reg. A & B) to calculate complex reflection coeff. ρ
STO E      ; save Re ρ
R↓
STO F      ; save Im ρ
RCL E
y,x -> θ, r ; convert complex rectangular ρ to mag/angle - X holds the magnitude |ρ| ( Y holds the angle, but we don't care)
STO P       ; save |ρ|
1
RCL+ P
1
RCL- P
÷
STO S       ; store VSWR ( 1 + |ρ| ) / ( 1 - |ρ| ) 
RCL P       
LOG
20
X
STO Y       ; store Return Loss = 20 LOG |ρ|
RCL X
RCL R
y,x -> θ, r
STO Z       ; store magnitude of impedance |z|
RCL P       ; |ρ|
RCL S       ; VSWR
RCL Y       ; Return Loss
RTN

Example

Z = 65.2 + j 17.7
R = 65.2
X = 17.7

Results on stack:

|Z| = 67.6 ohms
|ρ| = 0.2
SWR = 1.5:1
Return Loss = 13.9dB

— John Pumford-Green 19/07/23 06:08

Further Information

calculator, dm32

YaDDNet Data Backup

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←YaDDNet

YaDDNet Data Backup

Offsite Text file backups of all DSC messages

Alan Spindel initially suggested an offsite backup of the DSC messages in 2019
YaDDNet has had the facility to send copies of each new message out to specified IP addresses via UDP since that time
The DSC messages are sent by UDP as simple plain text, for easy archiving
The archived text file can be used if necessary to rebuild the SQL database table containing the DSC messages in case of disaster
Since I'm now hosting YaDDNet again I decided I should run a UDP log receiver at home to improve the backup provision
The daily archive files will be gzipped and stored on Dropbox
- I could share the link to anyone who is interested in using the saved data

YaDDNet UDP Send to Mirror

In the PyYadd.py function a DSC message is created from the raw incoming data from YaDD (and DSC Decoder) in a standard format.
This involves converting MMSI → Coast or Ship name, finding the [MID] and corresponding country etc.
Prior to using the newly created message to inject new data into the SQL server PyYadd.py calls the function send_to_mirror() to send out the UDP packet to any configured IP addresses
PyYadd.py then inserts the new data in the SQL server
Any addressed & listening UDP clients receive the UDP packets and append them to a log file

def send_to_mirror(data):
    log_data = "[log];"+data
    port = 2505
    host = "aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd.eee"
    host2 = "fff.ggg.hhh.iii"
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    sock.sendto(log_data, (host, port))
    sock.sendto(log_data, (host2, port))
 
    return

Backup UDP receive and logrotate

UDP Listener

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# udp_logger.py
#
 
import SocketServer
import socket
import threading
 
class ThreadedUDPRequestHandler(SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler):
 
    def handle(self):
        data = self.request[0].strip()
        socket = self.request[1]
        self.write_file(data)
 
    def write_file(self,text):
        filename = '/home/gm4slv/yaddlogs/yaddnet_udp_log.txt'
        f = open(filename, 'a+')
        log = text
        f.write(log+"\n")
        f.close()
        return
 
class ThreadedUDPServer(SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn, SocketServer.UDPServer):
    pass
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    HOST, PORT = "", 2505
    server = ThreadedUDPServer((HOST, PORT), ThreadedUDPRequestHandler)
    ip, port = server.server_address
    server.serve_forever()
    # Start a thread with the server -- 
    # that thread will then start one
    # more thread for each request
    server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
    # Exit the server thread when the main thread terminates
    server_thread.daemon = True
    server_thread.start()
    server.shutdown()

The UDP Log Receiver listens to UDP/2505 for incoming packets from YaDDNet. These are of the form:

[log];2024-04-19 08:43:06;NLD_MB_HF1;2187.5;SEL;002050480;COAST;205;Belgium;Ostende Radio;SAF;636092799;SHIP;636;Liberia;CISNES, D5HF4, Cargo;TEST;NOINF;--;--;REQ;OK
[log];2024-04-19 08:43:28;BDXC-Han-Remote;12577.0;SEL;002241022;COAST;224;Spain;Coruna Radio;SAF;538005991;SHIP;538;Marshall Islands;NAVIG8 VIOLETTE, V7IH3, Tanker;TEST;NOINF;--;--;REQ;OK

each new packet is appended to the running log file /home/gm4slv/yaddlogs/yaddnet_udp_log.txt
the file will grow indefinitely if left to itself!

Logrotate

run by Crontab every day at midnight
copies the current running log to a timestamped file
erases the contents of the running log file
gzips the timestamped copy and moves it to Dropbox

## CRONTAB ENTRY
 
00 00 * * * /home/gm4slv/bin/yaddlog_rotate.sh /dev/null 2>&1

#!/bin/bash
#
# yaddlog_rotate.sh
 
DROPBOX=/home/gm4slv/Dropbox/Yaddlogs/
DIR=/home/gm4slv/yaddlogs
 
INFILE=yaddnet_udp_log.txt
 
TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d_%H%M`
 
OUTFILE=$TIMESTAMP\_$INFILE
 
cp $DIR/$INFILE $DIR/$OUTFILE
cat /dev/null > $DIR/$INFILE
 
 
gzip $DIR/$OUTFILE
 
mv $DIR/$OUTFILE.gz $DROPBOX

This creates a gzipped log file in my Dropbox of each day's new DSC messages

Starting the UDP Listener at boot-up

crontab entry to start it as a background job at @reboot

#
# CRONTAB ENTRY
#
@reboot python /home/gm4slv/bin/udp_logger.py &

— John Pumford-Green 19/04/24 09:31 BST

Last updated : 04/06/26 07:39 BST

Further Information

YaDDNet

radio, yaddnet

Yaddnet Migration

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←YaDDNet

Yaddnet Migration

My http://www.yaddnet.org DSC database originally ran on various machines in my shack at home. It was migrated to a server donated for the purpose - located in Las Vegas, in 2019. This document records the steps needed to transfer everything and get it running on the new Virtual Private Server. In case it ever needs doing again in future this will help jog my memory of what's involved.

Moving YaddNet to a Virtual Server in the Clouds

Created Thursday 24 October 2019

Server IP: 64.235.39.127

Create SQL database

UPDATE 13/04/24

MIGRATING TO A NEW UBUNTU 20.4 VPS REQUIRED THE FOLLOWING

https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-root-password-in-mysql-8-on-ubuntu-linux/

The original Process

1) sort out passwordless root access to MySQL

add skip-grant-tables to end of config file:

(such as….)

/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

restart mysqld

$ mysql -u root
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '';
mysql>quit;

remove skip-grant-tables from /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

restart mysqld

2) create blank/empty yadd database

$ mysql -u root

mysql> create database yadd;
mysql> quit;

2a) scp migrate tarfile to remote server

and wait….

2b) untar migrate tarfile

3) use saved schema file to create the tables:

$ mysql -u root yadd < schema.sql

4) import the full database backup:

$ mysql -u root yadd < yadd_xxxxx.sql

and wait……. and wait……

5) test all the data is there…!

Create Web site

6) extract yaddnet files from tarball

7) extract html files into /var/www/

8) permissions/ownership of /var/www/html ? Not Needed

9) apache “sites-enabled” - change virtual server's port? Not needed

Configure auto-start of Input servers

10) /etc/rc.local command to start tmux session

sleep 60; su USER -c /home/USER/yaddnet/tmux_yadd.sh &

11) start tmux session and see if it's working…

12) fire some test packets at it from uCoastTester.py

13) crontab entries

15 */4 * * * /home/USER/yaddnet/purge_err.sh > /dev/null 
* * * * * /home/USER/yaddnet/purge_tmp.sh > /dev/null

Tweaks

14) Character encoding for pages

edit /etc/php/7.2/apache2/php.ini

change default_charset from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1:

default_charset = "ISO-8859-1"

This renders “degree” signs etc. on web pages correctly.

15) mysql config

add to /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.conf

sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

restart mysql

This (among other things) allows the group-by queries to work.

16) Open firewalld UDP port 4530 for DSCDecoder (and close unneeded port 9999)

firewall-cmd --permanent --service=yadd --add-port=4530/udp

firewall-cmd --permanent --service=yadd --remove-port=9999/udp

firewall-cmd --complete-reload

Firewall Config - note 21/5/22

While creating this Wiki page, from a previous note in ZimWiki, I wondered about the firewall config, as it appears I didn't explicitly open UDP/50666 for YaDD's traffic, but I added udp/4530 for DSCDecoder.

Looking at /etc/firewalld/services/yadd.xml I see:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<service>
  <short>yadd</short>
  <description>YaDD Service</description>
  <port port="50666" protocol="udp"/>
  <port port="4530" protocol="udp"/>
</service>

so 50666 must have been added when the VPS was built (not my me). I guess I asked for it when the offer to provide the VPS was made, but forgot about DSCDecoder until later.

Get Domain Name

16) Buy domain yaddnet.org from “fasthosts.co.uk” and set DNS record to point host www.yaddnet.org to the new server IP address

£10.79 per year, auto-renew via PayPal.

UPDATE 18/11/19

Received an email from kb7ypf@yahoo.com:

“I have been using yaDD 1.7.1 monitoring and logging GMDSS signals. I have been using it for about two weeks. This morning when I started yaDD it worked great, as usual, however, when I went to the web and accessed the message logging page, I got this message: “Failed to connect to MySQL: Access denied for user 'root'@localhost' …….”

Unattended-Upgrade breaks MySQL

I confirmed the same symptoms…

but it was working this morning?!

SSH'd into the server and couldn't access mysql from the commandline, either, same error.

This reminded me of the behaviour of a “stock” mysql server before doing the steps in 1) above.

Found an entry in /var/log/apt/history.log from 06:25 PST (14:25 UTC)

Start-Date: 2019-11-18  06:25:08
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: mysql-server-5.7:amd64 (5.7.27-0ubuntu0.18.04.1, 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.18.04.4), mysql-server-core-5.7:amd64 (5.7.27-0ubuntu0.18.04.1, 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.18.04.4)
End-Date: 2019-11-18  06:25:29

Looks like “unattended-upgrade” has upgraded mysql, and also reset the normal permissions/privileges. Bloody Hell!

stop mysql
edit mysqld.cnf to add “skip-grant-tables”
start mysql
log in to mysql “mysql -u root”

$ mysql -u root
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '';
mysql>quit;

stop mysql
remove “skip-grant-tables” from mysqd.cnf
start mysql
test…

looks like we lost about 1 hour of DSC loggings while the SQL server refused to talk to us, from 14:25 UTC until ~15:30 UTC when I got it running normally again.

…..and relax!

going forward

Have 2 choices - remove unattended-upgrades package and lose all automatic security upgrades OR configure unattended-upgrades to blacklist mysql-server from upgrades.

https://wiki.debian.org/UnattendedUpgrades and https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates

has some helpful info… found where to blacklist individual packages….

service unattended-upgrades stop

edit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades to blacklist mysql

	// List of packages to not update (regexp are supported)
	Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Blacklist {
			"mysql-server";
			"mysql-server-5.7";
			"mysql-server-core-5.7";
	};

service unattended-upgrades start

check it's running:

gm4slv@lasvegas-nv-datacenter:~$ apt-config dump APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade

APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

hopefully that will sort it?

Page Updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

yaddnet, mysql, apache, linux

DM41X Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 14 Feb 2026 11:19:28 +0000

←Programs

DM41X Progs

DM41x RAW

HP Maths Benchmark	bm.raw
HP Trig Benchmark	bmt.raw
8-Queens Benchmark	nqu.raw
Savage Benchmark	svg.raw
Memo - as below - uses ascii file name “SITES” instead of “MEMO”	memo.raw
TR - from HP41cx User guide vol. 2	tr.raw
Sigma - from HP41cx User guide vol.2	sigma.raw

Using Solve and Integrate together

from HP343C handbook
DM41X version uses SOLVE and INTEG from Advantage Pac

Create a MYSOLVE wrapper that handles putting the correct SOLVE program name in ALPHA etc
Create the program that is to be solved and which has as it's function an integral
Create the program that defines the integral

MYSOLVE

LBL ¬MYSOLVE
¬MOD                    // the label of the program to be solved is put in ALPHA
SOLVE                   // we XEQ SOLVE (the Advantage Pac solver)
RTN

Solve : MOD

The program to be solved

LBL ¬MOD
¬BESSEL           // We put the name of the program with the integral in ALPHA
STO 00            // We store our current guess for X in R 00 to be accessible by the integral finction
0                 // put upper and lower limits for the integration in Y and X
PI
INTEG             // xeq INTEG from Advantage Pac
ABS               // our current guess, make it positive
X<=Y?             // Y has the Integration's estimate of accuracy - we use this to limit our search
ClX               // if our guess has returned a value from the integral that's less than the inherent accuracy then that's GOOD ENOUGH, we set X to zero and SOLVE completes     
X≠0?              // if we still don't have zero we put back the last guess and SOLVE continues
LastX
RTN

Integral : BESSEL

LBL ¬BESSEL
SIN
RCL 00
*
COS
PI
/
RTN

Running it

MYSOLVE sets up the ALPHA register with the name of the prog to be solved, so nothing needed in ALPHA at this time
put initial guesses in X and Y
- 1 ENTER 2
try FIX 4
Run MYSOLVE - via XEQ or set up a CST menu item for it

After a few minutes of Goose-flying we get the answer 2.4048

Useful Memo prog

MEMO

By Gary Goodman from HP document collection. Dated 24/3/85

65c22 Timer values

for VIA Tone generator

Needs Ladybug module

The required count is calculated from Φ₂ and the audio frequency required.

Count (decimal)

{ Φ₂ / ( 2 x F ) } - 2

for 1000Hz and a 1MHz Φ₂ :

Count = { 1,000,000 / ( 2 X 1000 ) } - 2 = 498

498d → $01F2

Run as XEQALPHATIALPHA

Prompt F for required audio tone frequency.

Enter freq

R/S

Result is the 2-byte value for T1CL & T1CH

e.g.

XEQALPHATIALPHA

R/S

Result:

$001F2

The Counter should be set to

T1CH = $01
T1CL = $F2

Entered as follows (make sure you're in DECS mode in Ladybug while entering the program - otherwise the 1000000 won't be interpreted correctly). When viewing/editing the program later it will look different!

LBL ¬TI
DECS
WSIZE 20
¬ F
PROMPT
STI 01
1000000
ENTERI
LDI 01
2
x
/
2
-
HEXS
RTN

BFil

Butterworth HPF/LPF Filter designer

LBL ¬BFIL
SF 00
¬MHZ ?
PROMPT
1 E6
*
STO 11
¬N
PROMPT
x<0?
CF 00
STO 10
XEQ 06
LBL 01
RCL 12
INT
XEQ 00
FS? 00
1/x
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 01
¬COEFFICIENTS
FIX 3
STOP
ENG 3
XEQ 06
LBL 02
RCL 12
INT
RCL IND 12
RCL 11
2
*
PI
*
/
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 02
XEQ 06
LBL 03
RCL 12
INT
2
/
FRC
FS? 00
GTO 09
GTO 10
LBL 09
¬HPF
x=0?
GTO 05
GTO 04
RTN
LBL 10
¬LPF
x=0?
GTO 04
GTO 05
RTN
LBL 04
RCL IND 12
50
*
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 03
RTN
LBL 05
RCL IND 12
50
/
STO IND 12
ISG 12
GTO 03
RTN
LBL 06
RCL 10
ABS
1000
/
1
+
STO 12
RTN
LBL 00
2
*
1
-
180
*
RCL 10
ABS
2
*
/
SIN
2
*
RTN
END

Examples

5MHz 5-pole LPF

XEQALPHABFILALPHA

MHZ ?

5 R/S

Order/poles = N

Positive for HPF

Negative for LPF

5 pole LPF = -5

5CHSR/S

COEFFICIENTS
0.618

(at this point you can RCL 01 etc. up to RCL 05 to see the calculated Butterworth Coefficients)

R01 : 0.618
R02 : 1.618
R03 : 2.000
R04 : 1.618
R05 : 0.618

R/S

LPF
393.5 -12

The calculated component values are now in Reg 01 - Reg 05

R01 : 393.5pf
R02 : 2.575uH
R03 : 1.273nF
R04 : 2.575uH
R05 : 393.5pF

1MHz 7 pole HPF

XEQALPHABFILALPHA

MHZ ?

1 R/S

Order/poles = N

Positive for HPF

Negative for LPF

7 pole HPF = 7

7R/S

COEFFICIENTS
2.247

(at this point you can RCL 01 etc. up to RCL 07 to see the calculated Butterworth Coefficients)

R01 : 2.247
R02 : 0.802
R03 : 0.555
R04 : 0.500
R05 : 0.555
R06 : 0.802
R07 : 2.247

R/S

HPF
17.88 -06

The calculated component values are now in Reg 01 - Reg 07

R01 : 17.88uH
R02 : 2.553nF
R03 : 4.416uH
R04 : 1.592nF
R05 : 4.416uH
R06 : 2.553nF
R07 : 17.88uH

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 18:35:00 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 14/02/26 11:19 GMT

— John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 16:07

Further Information

calculator, dm41x

APRS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←APRS

APRS

VHF and HF APRS

VHF

FT8900 : 2m I-Gate GM4SLV-2 - Raspberry Pi, TNC-Pi and APRX I-Gate software
- UPDATE 6/4/24 : 2m APRS suspended. Coverage not adequate from low 2m antenna.
TM-D710 in van : GM4SLV-9 - will digipeat “WIDEn-N”
TH-D72 : GM4SLV-8
Anytone 878
- analogue : GM4SLV-7,
- DMR
  - Brandmeister → PC 234999 (Self-Care set to GM4SLV-7)
  - DMR+/Phoenix → PC 5057 → GM4SLV-7

HF

Occasional use of 30m AFSK 10,147.6kHz USB as GM4SLV-10
- IC-706 and Signalink-USB soundcard

Software

Direwolf
- HF (300 baud FSK) or VHF soundcard modem/TNC
- AGW Packet Engine TCP/IP interface to other software
- standalone iGate and Digipeater
Xastir
- Can use the Direwolf TCP/IP AGW TNC across network
WinRPR winrpr_075_2.zip
- Can act as TCP/IP KISS mode TNC providing 300 or 600 baud Robust Packet TX/RX and also simultaneous 300 baud FSK RX
APRSISCE32 aprsis32.zip
- Can use WinRPR's KISS mode TNC
UIView32 32full203.exe
- Needs to be registered first at https://www.apritch.co.uk/uiv32.htm
  - ••••••••••
- Can use Direwolf's AGW TNC across network

HF Frequencies

30m

300 Baud FSK RF centre 10149.3kHz
- 1700 Hz audio (1600/1800Hz tones)
- Dial = 10147.6kHz USB
  - alternative dial = 10151.0kHz LSB (signal can be inverted without issues)
300 baud RPR RF centre 10148.8kHz
- 1500 Hz audio
- Dial = 10147.3kHz USB
  - Normal 300 baud AFSK resolves at 2000Hz - and is decoded by WinRPR at this offset

Direwolf update : 10/04/24

Direwolf v1.6 in Debian has a minor annoyance - it decodes its own transmitted frames occasionally due to cross talk in the sound card
This is reported to be fixed in 1.7 release so I cloned the git repository and built the current 1.7 version
It has removed the annoyance of seeing (and reporting to APRS-IS) your own transmitted packets
There are other changes and improvements which I will investigate over time.
Steps to clone/build

sudo apt-get install libavahi-client-dev
git clone https://www.github.com/wb2osz/direwolf
cd direwolf
 
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make -j4

Running the new version

cd src
./direwolf -c ~/direwolf.conf

A few red warnings due to changes for v1.7 not being fully compatible with the previous config options, but it runs and doesn't seem to decode its own transmissions any more.

A few tweaks to the config:

ADEVICE  plughw:2,0
 
CHANNEL 0
 
MYCALL GM4SLV-10
 
#MODEM 300 7@30
 
MODEM 300 B+
 
#FIX_BITS 1
 
TXDELAY 50
 
LOGDIR .
 
AGWPORT 8000
KISSPORT 8001
 
PBEACON sendto=0 via="WIDE1-1" delay=0:00 every=10:00 symbol="\-" lat=60^17.31N long=1^25.51W comment="30m HF Direwolf AFSK"
 
#FILTER 0 0 ( ! d/* )
#FILTER 0 0 (! b/GM4SLV-10 )
 
#IGSERVER euro.aprs2.net
 
#IGLOGIN GM4SLV-10 19626
 
#PBEACON sendto=IG delay=0:30 every=60:00 symbol="\-" lat=60^17.31N long=1^25.51W comment="30m AFSK RX Igate"
 
 
DIGIPEAT 0 0 ^WIDE[3-7]-[1-7]$|^TEST$ ^WIDE[12]-[12]$ PREEMPT
 
#IGTXLIMIT 6 10

I will remove the Debian version 1.6 and sudo make install the newly compiled v1.7 once I'm happy with it.
This version also decodes FX25 packets - which I don't fully understand yet

SP6PGH-10 audio level = 53   FX.25   75_______
[0.1] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,WIDE1-1:>100639zTest HF APRS station
Status Report, APRSISCE win32 version
Test HF APRS station
[0H] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,GM4SLV-10*:>100639zTest HF APRS station

a normal AX25 packet

IW4EGP-10 audio level = 46    _|||_____
[0.2] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,WIDE2-2:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>
Position, HF Gateway  <= the original primary table definition, UIview 32 bit apps
N 44 03.5700, E 012 33.7200
APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}
[0H] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,GM4SLV-10*,WIDE2-1:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I  H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>

both of these are also digipeated my me, shown on the last line is my outgoing digipeated packet:
- [0H] SP6PGH-10>APWW11,GM4SLV-10*:>100639zTest HF APRS station
- [0H] IW4EGP-10>APU25N,GM4SLV-10*,WIDE2-1:=4403.57N/01233.72E&APRS HF 30m -/D R-I H24 {UIV32}<0x0d>

— John Pumford-Green 21/03/24 16:14

Last Update : 04/06/26 07:39 BST

Further Information

Direwolf v1.7 User Manual	user-guide_1_.pdf
aprs.fi	https://aprs.fi/info/a/GM4SLV-10

radio, aprs

svxlink hotspot

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←SVXLink

svxlink hotspot

Hardware

Platform	Raspberry Pi
Software	SVXLink
Interface	CM108 soundcard
Radio	IC-2E

Background

Remote/portable personal node.

Similar setup to MB7AZE but without the connection to Echolink and monitoring fewer TalkGroups. I use TG 8 as a testing ground to keep my traffic off the rest of the system.

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 03/06/22 17:57

Making it into a mobile hotspot/echolink node/SVXreflector/parrot….

Svx Mobile

Networking

Usual method of deployment is to use a small MiFi 4G router as an access point to let the Raspberry Pi reach the internet. When this MiFi router is in use the node is on an inaccessible network and I can't reach it to make changes or shut it down.

The answer is SSH Tunnels

I use a “Remote SSH Tunnel” to get access to it from my home LAN.

The idea is that the remote node makes an outgoing SSH connection, to a machine on my LAN. I have an open port in the router forwarded to an internal machine for SSH access when I'm away from home. This is straightforward, and the remote Pi can easily create a SSH session on to my PC in the shack.

ssh -p xxxxx my.external.host.name

Along with this incoming SSH connection from the remote node is also a request to set up a “Remote Tunnel” which makes the internal Shack PC set up a listening SSH port. After this is done, any connection to this new listening port will be sent backwards to the remote node, tunnelling within the existing SSH connection.

This tunnel will now accept incoming connections from machines inside my LAN and forward them to the remote node. I can now effectively SSH to the remote SVXLink node as if it were on my LAN in the shack.

The magic is all done in SSH, but to make it more robust I use a package called autossh which is a wrapper around SSH that monitors for loss of the tunnel connection and initiates a new connection automatically if it should fail for any reason.

Here is the script that fires it all off:

tunnel.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
autossh -M 20000 -N -T gm4slv_tunnel

Simple enough, but effective.

The gm4slv_tunnel is connection defined in .ssh/config as:

Host gm4slv_tunnel
	HostName gm4slv.plus.com
	User gm4slv
	Port xxxxx
	RemoteForward 4446 localhost:22
	RemoteForward 8080 192.168.0.1:80

This sets up a remote tunnel, listening on port 4446 of my shack PC that will be forwarded back up the SSH connection to the SVXLink Raspberry Pi. It also sets up a listening port 8080 which gives me http access to the 4G MiFi router at the remote site in case I want to shut it down or reboot it or whatever. I just browse to http://my_shack_pc:8080 and I'm actually logged into the MiFi router. Magic!

etc/ssh/sshd_conf needs to have Gateway Ports yes to allow the Shack PC to accept connections to its new remote listening ports (4446 for SSH and 8080 for HTTP) from other LAN machines, otherwise these ports would only be accessible to the Shack PC itself (on “localhost:4446” or “localhost:8080”)

To allow an unattended/automatic login from the remote Raspberry Pi to the Shack PC it's necessary to set up public_key authentication and to have a passphrase-less key on the Raspberry Pi.

Generate a public/private key pair on the Raspberry Pi with ssh-keygen and don't enter a passphrase before saving it in .ssh/id_rsa and .ssh/id_rsa.pub. Then transfer a copy of .ssh/id_rsa.pub from the Raspberry Pi to the Shack PC and put it in the authorized_keys2 file:

(on Raspberry Pi):

$ scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub user@shack_pc:

enter password etc. to do the initial scp transfer

(on Shack PC)

$ cat id_rsa.pub » .ssh/authorized_keys2

then any further SSH or SCP sessions from the Rasperry Pi to the Shack PC should occur without any need for passwords.

The Pi is now set up for automatic SSH Remote Tunnel - as long as the script is run at boot time:

Crontab is used to fire off the tunnel and start SVXLink @reboot

@reboot sleep 60 && sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/tunnel.sh 2>&1
@reboot sleep 30 && sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/svx_ref.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

To check the Tunnel is up you look at netstat -ntl on the Shack PC:

gm4slv@laptop:~ $ sudo netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      854/sshd: /usr/sbin
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:631             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      167630/cupsd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:23              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      761/inetd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:17500           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      62324/dropbox
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:445             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1134/smbd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4446            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2537/sshd: gm4slv
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:17600         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      62324/dropbox
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:20000           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2537/sshd: gm4slv
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:514             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      647/rsyslogd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:17603         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      62324/dropbox
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:2947          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/init
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:139             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1134/smbd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27659           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      854/sshd: /usr/sbin
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/init
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2537/sshd: gm4slv

SSH is listening on ports 4446, 20000 and 8080 which proves it's up and running.

Port 20000 (and 20001) is used by autossh to handle its “is the tunnel still up” packets.

From the Shack PC I can ssh localhost -p 4446 and reach the remove Pi, hostname svx

gm4slv@laptop:~ $ ssh localhost -p 4446
Linux svx 5.15.32-v7+ #1538 SMP Thu Mar 31 19:38:48 BST 2022 armv7l
 
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
 
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Wed May  4 14:28:06 2022 from 127.0.0.1
gm4slv@svx:~ $ who
gm4slv   pts/0        2022-05-04 14:35 (127.0.0.1)
gm4slv@svx:~ $ whoami
gm4slv
gm4slv@svx:~ $ ls
backup         greeting.wav   id_rsa.pub    id_svx.pub  node_info.json      svxlink          svxlink.log        svxlink-sounds-en_US-heather      svx_ref.sh
backup.tar     hosts          id_sdr.pub    log1.log    ReflectorLogic.tcl  svxlink.conf     svxlink_noel.conf  svxlink-sounds-en_US-heather.tar  tunnel.sh
git_backup.sh  id_laptop.pub  id_shack.pub  Logic.tcl   svx_el.sh           svxlink_el.conf  svxlink_ref.conf   svx_noel.sh
gm4slv@svx:~ $

John Pumford-Green Wed May 4 11:25:01 2022

Page Updated : 04/06/26 07:39 BST

radio, pi, svxlink, linux, ssh

YaDDNet : VPS SSL Renewal

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←YaDDNet

YaDDNet : VPS SSL Renewal

Renewed SSL certificates for 2025/6

Read the final part about combining the 2 intermediate certificates!

15/03/25 : SSL certificates

Renewed SSL certificates available for download on Fasthosts account
- Download “Certificate” and rename → signed.crt
- Download both “Intermediate Certificates”
  - not sure why there are 2 intermediate certificates
  - rename one as ca.pem.1
  - renmame other as ca.pem.2
Use WinSCP to copy the 3 certificates to the Yaddnet VPS
Log on to yaddnet vps via SSH
- copy existing certificates in /usr/local/ssl from
  - signed.crt → signed.crt.old
  - ca.pem → ca.pem.old
- copy new certificates from home directory to /usr/local/ssl
- for clarity this gives new files
  - /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt
  - /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem.1
  - /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem.2
  - copy ca.pem.2 → ca.pem
- Restart Apache
  - service apache2 restart
- browse to https://www.yaddnet.org/index.php?
- site loads correctly
  - check site security

swap ca.pem files (copy ca.pem.1 → ca.pem)
Restart Apache
browse to https://www.yaddnet.org/index.php?
site loads correctly
security also valid

Different intermediate CA.pem certificates

I used openssl to inspect the two different intermediate certificates

gm4slv@yaddnet2:~ $ openssl x509 -in ca.pem -noout -text > /home/gm4slv/capemold.txt

for ca.pem.1

Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            39:72:44:3a:f9:22:b7:51:d7:d3:6c:10:dd:31:35:95
        Signature Algorithm: sha384WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C = GB, ST = Greater Manchester, L = Salford, O = Comodo CA Limited, CN = AAA Certificate Services
        Validity
            Not Before: Mar 12 00:00:00 2019 GMT
            Not After : Dec 31 23:59:59 2028 GMT
        Subject: C = US, ST = New Jersey, L = Jersey City, O = The USERTRUST Network, CN = USERTrust RSA Certification Authority

or ca.pem.2

Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            7d:5b:51:26:b4:76:ba:11:db:74:16:0b:bc:53:0d:a7
        Signature Algorithm: sha384WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C = US, ST = New Jersey, L = Jersey City, O = The USERTRUST Network, CN = USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
        Validity
            Not Before: Nov  2 00:00:00 2018 GMT
            Not After : Dec 31 23:59:59 2030 GMT
        Subject: C = GB, ST = Greater Manchester, L = Salford, O = Sectigo Limited, CN = Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA

and for completeness the old original ca.pem from prior to the renewal

Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            0d:e0:ff:b5:ee:62:cb:61:10:9f:60:8c:9c:ed:5e:d3
        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C = US, O = DigiCert Inc, OU = www.digicert.com, CN = DigiCert Global Root G2
        Validity
            Not Before: Nov 27 12:46:40 2017 GMT
            Not After : Nov 27 12:46:40 2027 GMT
        Subject: C = US, O = DigiCert Inc, OU = www.digicert.com, CN = Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G2

It appears that the certificate (ca.pem.2) from “Sectigo” has the longest validity, and that this is the more recent/appropriate one, so I've made it the certificate in use

sudo cp ca.pem.2 ca.pem

sudo service apache2 restart

UPDATE ON TWO INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATES 5/7/25

I've discovered that the 2 Intermediate Certificates are necessary to complete the chain of authority.

What should be done is to join them together into one ca.pem file (and in the correct order…. )

Don't rename the 2 files as ca.pem.1 and ca.pem.2 per the above

Transfer them both with their original names and then cat them together

[root@yaddnet2:/home/g4slv/ssl]# cat 397A66CC2756362E0DAA87CA6EABE3B1.cer 7D5B5126B476BA11DB74160BBC530DA7.cer > ca.pem
 
[root@yaddnet2:/home/g4slv/ssl]# cp ca.pem /usr/local/ssl
 
[root@yaddnet2:/home/g4slv/ssl]# systemctl restart apache2

Check correct SSL operation at https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html

— John Pumford-Green 15/03/25 06:36 GMT

Further Information

yaddnet, radio

Sandbox Server

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Sandbox Server

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 04/03/25 08:02 GMT

The hardware running this little machine has recently become unreliable, the SSD is dying, so I've turned it off. I'll leave any old information about this box for future reference

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 27/04/23 06:16

I have removed the self-signed SSL configuration on the shack sandbox server and reverted it to plain HTTP. I may re-instate it at some point in the future, but I decided I didn't want the hassle of persuading Chrome to accept the self-signed unsafe certificate all the time.

The details below show how it was originally set up, and can be used in future should I decide to repeat the process.

Encryption

The shack webserver has a mirror of my real dokuwiki, to use as a test-bed and after setting it up I discovered that the encryption plugin I was using on the real wiki Encrypted Passwords Plugin didn't work.

After some head scratching, and after trying out another plugin (dokucrypt2 plugin), I figured out the difference between the 2 web servers….

The real server is configured to do proper HTTPS, with a real, signed SSL certificate. The shack server only does plain old HTTP, no encryption.

To test out my theory that this is what was breaking Encrypted Password Plugin I setup self-signed SSL on the shack webserver. It's just for local testing so there's no need for traceable certification, just the ability to handle HTTPS traffic.

It turned out to be quite simple….

I found the information here : https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-self-signed-ssl-certificate-for-apache-in-ubuntu-16-04

gm4slv@shack:~/ssl_setup$ sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/apache-selfsigned.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/apache-selfsigned.crt
Generating a RSA private key
.......................+++++
...........+++++
writing new private key to '/etc/ssl/private/apache-selfsigned.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:GB
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Shetland
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Clousta
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:GM4SLV
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:GM4SLV
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:shack
Email Address []:

The certificates are put in the directories already pointed to in the default SSL site config file so all I had to do was tell apache to enable ssl

sudo a2enmod ssl

and enable the default SSL site

gm4slv@shack:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled$ sudo a2ensite default-ssl.conf
Enabling site default-ssl.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  systemctl reload apache2
gm4slv@shack:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled$ sudo service apache2 restart

SSL enabled

Browse to https://shack/dokuwiki and I got the usual dire Chrome warning

…. but chose to continue anyway…

and it works!

Encrypted Password Plugin

Then I tested the Encrypted Passwords Plugin and it also works

UPDATE— John Pumford-Green 31/05/22 21:13

The plugin page does say that HTTPS is needed:

Please note that the modern encryption mechanisms used within this Plugin require a modern Browser, JavaScript enabled and a wiki served via HTTPS!

Result!

I can now use the sandbox wiki to test everything that's running on the real wiki server.

Redirect to https

(UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 31/05/22 10:08)

edit

/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

to add

ServerName gm4slv.plus.com
Redirect permanent / https://gm4slv.plus.com/

Open & forward router's port TCP/443 to the shack webserver

sudo service apache2 restart

Hey presto - external access to HTTPS

Page Info

— John Pumford-Green 30/05/22 19:05

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

ssl, apache, dokuwiki

6502 Setup

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←6502 Project

6502 Setup

Various pre-requisites

Vim Syntax Highlighting

To get better syntax highlighting for 6502 assembler I found a vim syntax file asmM6502.vim

https://github.com/jestin/asmM6502.vim

This was saved as ~/.vim/syntax/asmM6502.vim

To make sure assembler source code used the 6502 syntax add:

autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.s,*.asm,*.inc set filetype=asmM6502

to ~/.vimrc

Vim in action

Assembler compiler VASM

To compile source to machine-code suitable for blowing onto EEPROM use the vasm compiler

It's possible to self-compile VASM by downloading the source-code from:

http://sun.hasenbraten.de/vasm/

but there are ready made binaries here, specifically for the 6502 old-style binaries:

http://www.compilers.de/vasm.html

Use the link at the foot of the page:

http://www.ibaug.de/vasm/vasm6502.zip

Download, unzip (extracts the files needed into ../vasm6502_oldstyle/linux/)

sudo cp ./vasm6502_oldstyle/linux/* /usr/local/bin

Add an alias to ~/.bashrc

alias vasm='vasm6502_oldstyle -Fbin -dotdir'

for the most used options

To compile a source file to a binary a.out file:

vasm hello_world.s

hello_world.s

PORTB = $6000
PORTA = $6001
DDRB = $6002
DDRA = $6003
 
E  = %10000000
RW = %01000000
RS = %00100000
 
  .org $8000
 
reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs
 
  lda #%11111111 ; Set all pins on port B to output
  sta DDRB
  lda #%11100000 ; Set top 3 pins on port A to output
  sta DDRA
 
  lda #%00111000 ; Set 8-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00001110 ; Display on; cursor on; blink off
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00000110 ; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #$00000001 ; Clear display
  jsr lcd_instruction
 
  ldx #0
print:
  lda message,x
  beq loop
  jsr print_char
  inx
  jmp print
 
loop:
  jmp loop
 
message: .asciiz "Hello, world!"
 
lcd_wait:
  pha
  lda #%00000000  ; Port B is input
  sta DDRB
lcdbusy:
  lda #RW
  sta PORTA
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTA
  lda PORTB
  and #%10000000
  bne lcdbusy
 
  lda #RW
  sta PORTA
  lda #%11111111  ; Port B is output
  sta DDRB
  pla
  rts
 
lcd_instruction:
  jsr lcd_wait
  sta PORTB
  lda #0         ; Clear RS/RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  lda #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTA
  lda #0         ; Clear RS/RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  rts
 
print_char:
  jsr lcd_wait
  sta PORTB
  lda #RS         ; Set RS; Clear RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  lda #(RS | E)   ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTA
  lda #RS         ; Clear E bits
  sta PORTA
  rts
 
  .org $fffc
  .word reset
  .word $0000

gm4slv@laptop:~/6502 $ vasm hello_world.s
vasm 1.8h (c) in 2002-2019 Volker Barthelmann
vasm 6502 cpu backend 0.8 (c) 2002,2006,2008-2012,2014-2018 Frank Wille
vasm oldstyle syntax module 0.13f (c) 2002-2018 Frank Wille
vasm binary output module 1.8a (c) 2002-2009,2013,2015,2017 Volker Barthelmann
 
seg8000(acrwx1):                 143 bytes
segfffc(acrwx1):                   4 bytes

Inspect the hexcode in the binary file hexdump

gm4slv@laptop:~/6502 $ hexdump -C a.out
00000000  a2 ff 9a a9 ff 8d 02 60  a9 e0 8d 03 60 a9 38 20  |.......`....`.8 |
00000010  63 80 a9 0e 20 63 80 a9  06 20 63 80 a9 01 20 63  |c... c... c... c|
00000020  80 a2 00 bd 32 80 f0 07  20 79 80 e8 4c 23 80 4c  |....2... y..L#.L|
00000030  2f 80 48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c  20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 00  |/.Hello, world!.|
00000040  48 a9 00 8d 02 60 a9 40  8d 01 60 a9 c0 8d 01 60  |H....`.@..`....`|
00000050  ad 00 60 29 80 d0 ef a9  40 8d 01 60 a9 ff 8d 02  |..`)....@..`....|
00000060  60 68 60 20 40 80 8d 00  60 a9 00 8d 01 60 a9 80  |`h` @...`....`..|
00000070  8d 01 60 a9 00 8d 01 60  60 20 40 80 8d 00 60 a9  |..`....`` @...`.|
00000080  20 8d 01 60 a9 a0 8d 01  60 a9 20 8d 01 60 60 00  | ..`....`. ..``.|
00000090  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00007ff0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00  |................|
00008000

minipro EEPROM programmer

An open source project minipro to use the TI866 USB EEPROM programmer under Linux

git clone https://gitlab.com/DavidGriffith/minipro.git
cd minipro
make
sudo make install

to burn an EEPROM

minipro -p AT28C256 -w a.out

— John Pumford-Green 10/08/22 13:50

Further Information

Sept' 2022 : Moved to CA65 assembler.

CA65 Setup

6502

Code & Command Snippets

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 20:03:26 +0000

←Archive

Code & Command Snippets

Windows WiFi Disconnect

Windows will disconnect a WIFI connection when it discovers there's no WAN internet - presumably Windows thinks ALL networks are connected to the Internet and this prevents using WIFI for an isolated LAN, and also throws you off the WLAN whenever the ADSL connection fails, even when you're busy using only internal LAN sessions.

THIS IS WRONG BEHAVIOUR.

I found a solution, and typically it's a REGEDIT task:

From : https://superuser.com/questions/1650052/how-to-keep-windows-10-connected-to-wifi-without-internet

Add a Registry DWORD “NoActiveProbe” value “1” at Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\NetworkConnectivityStatusIndicator

Job Done. You stay on your LAN even when the interwebs is down.

Chrome redirects

To remove a “permanent redirect” - e.g. from an http to an https URL - I found the answer here:

https://www.neilwithdata.com/chrome-redirect-forget

Open the Chrome Developer Tools (F12)
Go to the Network tab and make sure Disable cache is ticked
Reload (or navigate to) the page you no longer want to be redirected while keeping the dev tools open.

— John Pumford-Green 27/04/23 06:12

Vim Pasting

I recently had problems pasting text into Vim by the traditional RIGHT click method. Vim would enter Insert(VISUAL) mode instead.

One solution when using Putty is to use its own mechanism :

SHIFT+INS

I prefer to use RIGHT click, as it's more natural so I found the solution is to add

set mouse-=a

to ~/.vimrc

This solves the problem, and I don't need to use nano when editing text files on my remote server via SSH using Putty.

Raspberry Pi Stuff

find Raspberry Pi Model : cat /sys/firmware/devicetree/base/model
mount a raspberry pi image

gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo losetup -Pf igate.img
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ lsblk
NAME      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0       7:0    0   4.3G  0 loop
├─loop0p1 259:0    0   256M  0 part
└─loop0p2 259:1    0     4G  0 part
sda         8:0    0 298.1G  0 disk
├─sda1      8:1    0 235.1G  0 part /
├─sda2      8:2    0     1K  0 part
├─sda3      8:3    0  50.9G  0 part
└─sda5      8:5    0  12.1G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0        11:0    1  1024M  0 rom
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo mount /dev/loop0p2 /mnt

remove mounted image

gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo umount /mnt
gm4slv@laptop:~/piimg $ sudo losetup -D

Git

Basic Workflow

do all changes to code
git add . to add changed files to staging
git commit -m “commit message” to do the commit
git push to push new commits to github

Windows Host File

Start → Windows Accessories → Notepad → <right click> … more…Run as Administrator
edit C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts (set All files rather than txt to be able to see the hosts file in the file chooser)
Save

Auto SSH Tunnels

Used on remote installations to create persistent SSH reverse tunnels.

An example

svxlink hotspot

Page Info

Page created Thu May 26 14:00:21 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 21:03 BST

linux, pi

Fldigi Parrot

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←Radio Topics

Fldigi Parrot

Experimental HF Digi-mode message-relay system using Fldigi and Python

Work in progress

Uses xml-rpc in python to communicate with fldigi and read the incoming RX Text.

When a particular text sequence is received (ZCZC CALL CALL) to trigger the “parrot” function, the RX text is then read searching for an end of message string (…end). When this is found the full message is then re-transmitted, with self-identification added to ensure it is clear which station is the source of the message and which is the source of the relay.

Transmitter control via RS232 / NMEA (for an IC-M710 marine HF transceiver) is also included to allow for remote commands to change frequency to be handled. Fldigi does the rig control (via its own hamlib configuration). Fldigi is told what we want the radio to do via xml-rpc rather than have direct control ourselves.

Monitoring

A web-page is provided that shows the Fldigi receive text, in almost real time at:

~~Fldigi RX Text~~

and another shows the parrot activity:

~~Fldigi Parrot~~

Software

The python scripts to run these functions are run within a tmux session which is set up with the following script:

tmux script

fldigi_xml.sh

#!/bin/sh
 
session="Shack"
 
tmux start-server
 
tmux new-session -d -s $session 
 
tmux rename-window "fldigi"
 
tmux selectp -t 0
tmux send-keys "python2 ./rx_buf.py" C-m
 
 
 
tmux selectp -t 0
tmux splitw -h -p 50
tmux send-keys "python2 ./parrot_flmsg.py" C-m
 
tmux selectp -t 1 
tmux attach-session -t $session

The python scripts

rx_buf.py
parrot_flmsg.py
flfn.py

are as follows:

rx_buf.py

rx_buf.py reads the Fldigi RX Buffer and provides the online web page to allow remote observation of what is being received.

rx_buf.py

import xmlrpclib
import time
import os
 
s = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://192.168.21.107:7362")
rx_text = ""
n = 0
index = 0
count = 0
 
def get_status():
 
    try:
        status = s.main.get_status1()
    except:
        status = "Fldigi Offline"
    return status
 
def get_mode():
 
    try:
        mode = s.modem.get_name()
    except:
        mode = "Fldigi Offline"
    return mode
 
def get_freq():
    try:
        freq = s.main.get_frequency()
        carrier = s.modem.get_carrier()
        centre = (float(freq) + int(carrier))/1000
    except:
        centre = 0.0
    return centre
 
def write_file(text):
    print "in write_file() with ", text
    text_asc = "".join(x for x in text if (ord(x) > 31 and ord(x) < 128) or ord(x) == 13 or ord(x) == 10 or ord(x) == 9)
    filename = r'/var/www/html/pages/gm4slv_fldigi.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')  # a+ is "append to file, create it if it doesn't exist"
    f.write(text_asc)
    f.close()
    return
 
def stamp_file():
    mode = get_mode()
    centre = get_freq()
    status = get_status()
    timenow = time.strftime("*** Time Stamp : %Y-%m-%d %H:%M :  ", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    #print mode
    write_file("\r\n\n%s *** Modem : %s : Centre Freq : %.3f *** SNR : %s \r\n\n" % (timenow, mode, centre, status))
 
def tail(n):
    filename = r'/var/www/html/pages/gm4slv_fldigi.txt'
    tailfile = r'/var/www/html/pages/gm4slv_tail.txt'
    fin = open(filename, 'r')
    list = fin.readlines()
    fin.close()
    tail_list = list[-n:]
    fout = open(tailfile, "w")
    fout.writelines(tail_list)
    fout.close()
 
 
while True:
    '''
    try:
        rx_length = s.text.get_rx_length()
        rx_text = str(s.text.get_rx(index,rx_length - index))
        index = rx_length
    except:
        rx_text = ""
    '''
    rx_length = s.text.get_rx_length()
    print "rxl ", rx_length
    print "index ", index
    print "getting %d, %d" % (index, rx_length - index)
    rx_text = str(s.text.get_rx(index,rx_length - index))
    index = rx_length
    if rx_text == "empty rx buffer!":
        rx_text = ""
    #s.text.clear_rx()
    #os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
    print  rx_text
 
 
 
    write_file(rx_text)
    tail(100)
 
    count += 1
 
    if count == 180:
        # hourly 180 * 20 secs = 3600 secs = 60 mins
        stamp_file()
        count = 0
    time.sleep(20)

parrot_flmsg.py

parrot_flmsg.py handles the message-relay functions.

Recent changes were made to handle the longer formal message formats of flmsg.

The parrot also provides some simple remote control of the HF transceiver's frequency and power level via QSY? and PWR? commands.

parrot_flmsg.py

#
#######
##  test file
#
 
import xmlrpclib
import time
import os
#import subprocess
 
import flfn
 
s = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://shack:7362")
 
 
rx_text = []
zc_flag = 0
nn_flag = 0
message_time = 0
 
qsy_flag = 0
qsy_time = 0
 
mycall = "GM4SLV"
 
info = "GM4SLV INFO\nTest Relay\nIC-M710 50W\nInverted-L\n"
help_text = "Usage : \nZCZC\nRELAY_CALL FROM_CALL [ INFO? | HELP? | TO_CALL ]\nNNNN"
 
### remove old crud
#
s.text.clear_rx()
 
flfn.do_qsy(5366.5)
 
def write_file(text):
    filename = r'/var/www/html/pages/parrot_log.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'a+')
    f.write(text)
    f.close()
 
def parse_message(text):
    global qsy_flag
    global qsy_time
    #print "Parsing : ", text
    header_line=text.split('\n')[0]
    message_text = "\n".join(text.split('\n')[1:])
    print "Header Line :\n", header_line
    print "Message Text : \n", message_text
 
    calls_list = header_line.split()
 
    if len(calls_list) > 1:
        if len(calls_list) < 5:
 
            qsy_time = time.time()
 
            print "Calls List ", calls_list
 
            relay_call = calls_list[0].upper()
 
            print "Relay call ", relay_call
 
            from_call = calls_list[1].upper()
 
            if len(calls_list) > 2:
                to_call = calls_list[2].upper()
            else:
                to_call = "ECHO"
 
            print "From ",from_call
 
            print "To ",to_call
 
            user = call_asc(from_call)
 
            target = call_asc(to_call)
 
            if len(calls_list) == 4:
                command = calls_list[3]
 
            message = "\n".join(text.split('\n')[1:])
 
            if target == "INFO?":
                target = user
                user = "ECHO"
                message = info
 
            if target == "PWR?":
                pwr = flfn.do_pwr(command)
                target = "BOGUS"
                user = "BOGUS"
                message = "New Power preset %s" % (command)
 
            if target == "QSY?":
                qsy = flfn.do_qsy(command)
                target = "BOGUS"
                user = "BOGUS"
                message = "New Freq %s" % (command)
                #print "command was ", command
                if command != "HOME":
                    qsy_flag = 1
                    print "set qsy_flag ", qsy_flag
                    #print qsy_time
                else:
 
                    qsy_flag = 0
                    print "reset qsy_flag ", qsy_flag    
 
            if from_call == "HELP?" or target == "HELP?":
                target = user
                user = "ECHO"
                message = help_text
 
            if relay_call == mycall:
                return(user,target,message)
 
            else:
                print "Wrong Relay Call"
                return("BOGUS","BOGUS","Not for Me")
 
        else:
            print "Header too long"
            return("BOGUS", "BOGUS", "Too Long")
    else:
        print "Header too short"
        return("BOGUS", "BOGUS","Too Short")
 
def call_asc(call):
    call_asc = "".join(x for x in call if (ord(x) > 46 and ord(x) < 58) or (ord(x) > 62 and ord(x) < 91))
    return(call_asc)
 
 
 
def qsp(text, snr):
    print "\nQSP triggered"
 
    timenow = time.strftime("*** Time Stamp : %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S :  ", time.gmtime(time.time()))
 
    user,target,message=parse_message(text)
    print "Message : \n",message    
    if user == "BOGUS":
        print "Ignoring"
        write_file("\n%s\nNOT RELAYED\n%s" % (timenow, text))
        #subprocess.call("./log.sh")
        s.text.clear_rx()
 
        return
 
    time.sleep(10)
    s.text.clear_rx()
 
    print "PTT ON"
 
    timemsg = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S ", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    s.main.tx()
    s.text.add_tx("\n"+timemsg+"\nTo "+target+" from "+user+" via GM4SLV ("+snr+")\n\n"+message+"\n\n\n"+target+" de "+user+" via GM4SLV kn \n  ^r")
 
    timenow = time.strftime("*** Time Stamp : %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S :  ", time.gmtime(time.time()))
    timemsg = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S ", time.gmtime(time.time()))
 
    modem = s.modem.get_name()
    car = s.modem.get_carrier()
    f = s.main.get_frequency()
    rfc = (f + car) / 1000
 
    write_file("\n%s\n%s (%s)  Message Relayed on %0.1f for : %s\n%s\n====================\n" % (timenow, modem, snr, rfc, user, text))
    #subprocess.call("./log.sh")
 
    return
 
 
def watchdog():
    #print "In Watchdog ", qsy_flag
    if qsy_flag == 1:
        print "We were QSY'd"
        delta_t = time.time() - qsy_time
        print delta_t
        if delta_t > 300:
            print "Timeout"
            qsy_end = "GM4SLV GM4SLV QSY? HOME"
            parse_message(qsy_end)
            timenow = time.strftime("*** Timeout : %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S :  ", time.gmtime(time.time()))
            write_file("\n%s : Returning to HOME channel\n" % (timenow))
    else:
        return
 
 
while True:
    try:
        rx_length = s.text.get_rx_length()
   #     print "rx_length ",rx_length
        for l in range(rx_length-2000, rx_length):
            rx = str(s.text.get_rx(l,1))
            rx_text.append(rx)
            for i in range(len(rx_text)):
                if rx_text[i] == "C" and rx_text[i-1] == "Z" and rx_text[i-2] == "C" and rx_text[i-3] == "Z":
 
                    if not zc_flag:
                        print "Found ZCZC...."
 
                        modem = s.modem.get_name()
                        if modem != "RTTY":
                            stat1 = s.main.get_status1()
                        else:
                            stat1 = s.main.get_status2()
 
                    zc_flag = 1
                    zc_index = i+2
 
                if rx_text[i] == "d" and rx_text[i-1] == "n" and rx_text[i-2] == "e" and rx_text[i-3] == " " and rx_text[i-4] == "." and rx_text[i-5] == "." and rx_text[i-6] == ".":
                    if not nn_flag and zc_flag:
                        print "Found end"
                    nn_flag = 1
                    nn_index = i-3
            text =  ''.join(rx_text)
 
        if zc_flag == 1:
 
            print "found start... waiting for end  ", message_time
            if message_time < 300:
                message_time += 1
            else:
                print "Timeout waiting"
                s.text.clear_rx()
                message_time = 0
                rx_text= []
                zc_flag = 0
                nn_flag = 0
 
        else:
            rx_text=[]
 
 
        if zc_flag == 1 and nn_flag == 1 : # message complete
            print "Message complete"
            #print "zc_index %d, nn_index %d" % (zc_index, nn_index)
            #print "Text  %s " % (rx_text[zc_index:nn_index])
            if zc_index < nn_index:
                message_time = 0
                print "Index correct"
                message = ''.join(rx_text[zc_index:nn_index+8])
                print "Raw Message ", message
                zc_flag = 0
                nn_flag = 0
 
                message_asc = "".join(x for x in message if (ord(x) > 31 and ord(x) < 128) or ord(x) == 13 or ord(x) == 10 or ord(x) == 9)
                rx_text = []
 
                qsp(message_asc, stat1)
 
 
            else:
                rx_text = []
                zc_flag = 0
                nn_flag = 0
 
    except:
        rx_text = []
 
 
    watchdog()
    time.sleep(2)

flfn.py

flfn.py is a helper module of functions to communicate with fldigi using xml-rpc.

flfn.py

import xmlrpclib
import time
 
s = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://shack:7362")
 
 
def do_qsy_tune(ttime):
    while s.main.get_trx_status() != "rx":
        trx = s.main.get_trx_status()
        print "starting while ",trx
        #s.main.rx()
        time.sleep(1)
 
    s.main.tune()
    time.sleep(ttime)
    trx = s.main.get_trx_status()
    print "tune? ",trx
    while s.main.get_trx_status() != "rx":
        trx = s.main.get_trx_status()
        print "ending while ",trx
        s.main.rx()
        time.sleep(1)
    trx = s.main.get_trx_status()
    print "final status ",trx
    return
 
def fld_qsy():
    cur_modem_carrier = s.modem.get_carrier()
    cur_dial_freq = s.main.get_frequency()
    new_dial_freq = (cur_dial_freq + cur_modem_carrier - 1500)
    s.modem.set_carrier(1500)
    s.main.set_frequency(new_dial_freq)
    return
 
def do_qsy(freq):
    if freq == "HOME":
        print "in do_qsy with HOME"
        do_home()
        time.sleep(2)
        do_qsy_tune(3)
        do_home()
        return freq
    else:
        print "in do_qsy with ", freq
        s.main.set_frequency(float(freq)*1000)
        s.modem.set_carrier(1500)
 
        do_qsy_tune(3)
        return freq
 
def do_reverse():
    s.main.toggle_reverse()
    return
 
def do_rxid():
    s.main.toggle_rsid()
    return
 
def do_txid():
    s.main.toggle_txid()
    return
 
def do_home():
    s.main.run_macro(14)
    return
 
def do_pwr(pwr):
    if pwr == "1":
 
        s.main.run_macro(20)
    elif pwr == "2":
        s.main.run_macro(21)
    elif pwr == "3":
        s.main.run_macro(22)
    elif pwr == "4":
        s.main.run_macro(23)
    else:
        pass
    return

Parrot Operation

Basic overview

To trigger a message relay you need to send the following format of text:

ZCZC GM4SLV <YOURCALL> (replacing <YOURCALL> with your actual callsign)

This is the start of message trigger.

Then type/paste/otherwise send your message-to-be-relayed.

To end the message send:

… end

If you are using flmsg to to create and send the message it will send the correct end of message string … end itself, otherwise you need to add it manually.

After a short delay, if successful, you should hear/see your message being relayed.

Further examples of operation

add screenshots of relaying in operation

A simple “ECHO” relay

Page Updated: 04/06/26 07:39 BST

radio, fldigi, python

Monitor

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 05 Jun 2026 07:50:09 +0000

←6502 Project

Monitor

My first attempts at a Monitor program

Features

RAM is tested at power-up- writing and checking with 2 different bit patterns, then zeroing RAM if successful (avoiding ZeroPage and Stack areas)
display a “Mission Elapsed Time” counter and reset to zero with a button press
step forward and backward through memory locations
display hex data and its ASCII equivalent for each memory location (PEEK)
enter a 2-digit hex value and write it into the currently selected memory location (POKE)
enter a 4-digit hex value and move to that chosen memory address
display an 8-byte block of memory data on one line, starting at the currently selected address
display an 8-byte block of memory data and have it auto-refresh at 1 second intervals
move to a pre-determined address ($3F00) in memory and begin executing code from that point
- this allows machine code to be entered directly from $3F00 onwards and then executed. It's cumbersome, but makes the machine programmable!

Data/addresses are entered on the keypad. Commands are entered by pressing the “SHIFT/INSTRUCT” button at the same time as one of the pre-set instructions.

`Shift`+`1` `MET CLOCK`	2	`Shift`+`3` `BLOCK UP`	`Shift`+`A` `UP`
`Shift`+`4` `dec→hex`	`Shift`+`5` `GO`	`Shift`+`6` `BLOCK DOWN`	`Shift`+`B` `DOWN`
7	8	`Shift`+`9` `auto-update Block view`	`Shift`+`C` `CLS`
`Shift`+`E` `POKE`	0	`Shift`+`F` `BLOCK`	`Shift`+`D` `PEEK`

Shift+1 = MET Clock
Shift+2
Shift+3 = Display the next 8-byte block up - aka “page Up”
Shift+A = Memory selected = UP one
Shift+4 = Convert an entered decimal number to its HEX equivalent
Shift+5 = GO! (jsr $3F00)
Shift+6 = Display the next 8-byte block down - aka “page Down”
Shift+B = Memory selected = DOWN one
Shift+7
Shift+8
Shift+9 = Update 8-byte block view at 1-second intervals
Shift+C = Clear Screen
Shift+E = Enter data byte into selected memory address - aka POKE
Shift+0
Shift+F = Display an 8-byte block of data, starting from current memory address
Shift+D = move to the new memory location provided in last 4 digits entered

monitor_dev.s

 
.localchar '@'
 
;.SEGMENT "ZEROPAGE"
.zeropage
 
DUMP_POINTER:     .res 2
FLAGS:            .res 1
TOGGLE_TIME:      .res 1
CLOCK_LAST:       .res 1
MESSAGE_POINTER:  .res 2
TICKS:            .res 4
CENTISEC:         .res 1
HUNDRED_HRS:      .res 1
TEN_HRS:          .res 1
HRS:              .res 1
TEN_MINUTES:      .res 1
MINUTES:          .res 1
TEN_SECONDS:      .res 1
SECONDS:          .res 1
MEM_POINTER:      .res 2
 
 
;.SEGMENT "BSS"
.bss
 
INKEY:            .res 1
ASCII:            .res 4
BYTE:             .res 2
TENS:             .res 1
HUNDREDS:         .res 1
HEX:              .res 2
HEXB:             .res 2
TEMP:             .res 1
TEMP2:            .res 1
 
.include "../includes/ioports.inc"
.include "../includes/lcd.inc"
.include "../includes/getkey.inc"
.include "../includes/functions.inc"
.include "../includes/rtc.inc"
 
 
.code
 
 
reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs
 
  cli      ; interrupts ON
 
  jsr via_1_init ; set-up VIA_1 for LCD/Keypad 
  jsr lcd_init ; set-up 4-bit mode 
  jsr lcd_start ; set-up various features of lcd 
 
init_variables:
  stz TICKS
  stz TICKS + 1
  stz TICKS + 2
  stz TICKS + 3
  stz DUMP_POINTER
  stz DUMP_POINTER + 1
  stz MESSAGE_POINTER
  stz MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  stz TOGGLE_TIME
  stz CLOCK_LAST
  stz CENTISEC
  stz FLAGS
  stz SECONDS
  stz TEN_SECONDS
  stz MINUTES
  stz HRS
  stz TEN_HRS
  stz TEN_MINUTES
  stz HUNDRED_HRS
  stz TEMP
  stz TEMP2
  stz TENS  
  stz MEM_POINTER
  stz MEM_POINTER + 1
 
 
 
;; test then clear RAM between 
;; $0200 - $3FFF - avoids the ZP and STACK areas
 
ram_clear:
  lda #$02            ; start at $0200
  sta MEM_POINTER + 1
  ldy #$00
loop_ram:
  lda #$AA
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  lda #$FF
  lda (MEM_POINTER),y
  cmp #$AA
  bne mem_fail_1
  lda #$55
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  lda #$FF
  lda (MEM_POINTER),y
  cmp #$55
  bne mem_fail_2
  lda #$00
  sta (MEM_POINTER),y
  iny
  beq next_page
  jmp loop_ram
next_page:
  lda MEM_POINTER + 1
  inc
  cmp #$40
  beq done_ram
  sta MEM_POINTER + 1
  jmp loop_ram
 
 
done_ram:
 
  lda #<mem_pass_msg
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_pass_msg
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print 
  smb5 FLAGS
  jmp loop
 
mem_fail_1:
  lda #<mem_fail_msg_1
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_fail_msg_1
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  jmp loop
 
mem_fail_2:
  lda #<mem_fail_msg_2
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>mem_fail_msg_2
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  jmp loop
 
 
 
; go straight to MONITOR at startup
;  lda #<splash
;  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
;  lda #>splash
;  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
;  jsr new_address
 
; main loop
loop:
  wai
  jsr check_flags
  jmp loop
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;; FUNCTIONS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;
 
check_flags:
  bbs0 FLAGS, update_block_address
  bbs5 FLAGS, clock_time
  ; check other flags... other actions....
  rts
 
update_block_address:
  sec
  lda TICKS
  sbc TOGGLE_TIME
  cmp #$32
  bcc exit_update_block
  jsr block_address
  lda TICKS
  sta TOGGLE_TIME
 
exit_update_block:
  rts
 
 
clock_time:
 
  sec
  lda TICKS
  sbc CLOCK_LAST
  cmp #$32
  bcc exit_clock
 
  jsr lcd_cursor_off
 
  jsr lcd_home
 
  lda HUNDRED_HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda TEN_HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda HRS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #':'
  jsr print_char
  lda TEN_MINUTES
  jsr bintoascii
  lda MINUTES
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #':'
  jsr print_char
  lda TEN_SECONDS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda SECONDS
  jsr bintoascii
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
  lda TICKS
  sta CLOCK_LAST
exit_clock:
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      update screen when new memory location is selected
;;
;;
new_address:
 
  jsr lcd_clear
 
  jsr lcd_cursor_on
 
 
print_address:
  lda #'$'
  jsr print_char
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr bintohex
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  jsr bintohex
 
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
 
print_data:
 
  ldy #$00
 
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr bintohex
  lda #' '
  jsr print_char
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr print_char
 
message_end:
  jsr print   ; add second line (cursor) after re-writing the top line
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; display 8 bytes of data for a "block" of memory
;;
;;
block_address:
 
  jsr lcd_clear
 
  ldy #$00
 
print_block_address:
  lda #'$'
  jsr print_char
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr bintohex
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  jsr bintohex
 
  jsr lcd_line_2
 
print_block:
 
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr bintohex
  lda (DUMP_POINTER),y
  iny
  cpy #$08
  bne print_block
 
 
block_message_end:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; re-draw line 2 cursor
;;
;;
print:
 
  jsr lcd_line_2
 
  ldy #0
line1:
  lda (MESSAGE_POINTER),y
  beq end_print
  jsr print_char
  iny
  jmp line1
 
end_print:
 
  rts
 
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - decrement the selected address 
;;
;;
decrement_address:
 
  sec
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  sbc #$01
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sbc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
dec_ok:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - increment the selected address 
;;
;;
 
increment_address:
 
  clc
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  adc #$01
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  bcc inc_ok
  inc DUMP_POINTER + 1
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
inc_ok:
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - increment the selected block of  addresses by 8 
;;
;;
 
increment_block:
  clc
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  adc #$08
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  adc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      Monitor function - decrement the selected block of  addresses by 8 
;;
;;
 
decrement_block:
 
  sec
  lda DUMP_POINTER
  sbc #$08
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  sta BYTE
  lda DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sbc #$00
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;          use last 4 entered ASCII characters from the keypad and convert 
;;          them to TWO 8-bit binary bytes in RAM
;;
;;
ascii_byte:
 
  lda ASCII + 1
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  clc
  asl
  asl
  asl
  asl
  sta BYTE
 
  lda ASCII
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  ora BYTE
  sta BYTE
 
  lda ASCII + 3
  jsr ascii_bin
  clc
  asl
  asl
  asl
  asl
  sta BYTE + 1
 
  lda ASCII + 2
 
  jsr ascii_bin
  ora BYTE + 1
  sta BYTE + 1
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    toggle the display/update of Clock on each appropriate keypress
;;
show_clock:
 
  bbs5 FLAGS, reset_bit5
  smb5 FLAGS
  jmp exit_show_clock
 
reset_bit5:
 
  rmb5 FLAGS
 
exit_show_clock:
 
  rts
  ;jmp debounce
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    toggle the automatic update view of the "8-byte memory block"
;;
show_block:
 
  bbs0 FLAGS, reset_bit0
  smb0 FLAGS
  jmp exit_show_block
 
reset_bit0:
 
  rmb0 FLAGS
 
exit_show_block:
 
  rts
  ;jmp debounce
 
;debounce:
;  ldx #$ff
;  ldy #$ff
;delay:
;  nop
;  dex
;  bne delay
;  dey
;  bne delay
;  rts  
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; INTERRUPT HANDLERS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;      CB1 : reset & restart timer
;;
 
cb1_handler:
  stz HUNDRED_HRS
  stz TEN_HRS
  stz TEN_MINUTES
  stz TEN_SECONDS
  stz HRS
  stz MINUTES
  stz SECONDS
 
  smb5 FLAGS
 
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;     CB2 : lap-time pause timer
;;
 
cb2_handler:
  jsr show_clock
  rts
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;                    MONITOR / KEYPAD 
;;
;;
 
keypad_handler:
 
  jsr get_key     ; READs from PORTA which also re-sets VIA's Interrupt flag
  sta INKEY       ; put the ASCII value of input into RAM ( $00 ) 
 
  lda PORTB_1       ; check for SHIFT/INSTRUCTION button
  and #%10000000
  beq check_keypress ; done this way to get around the limit in size of branch jumps....
  jmp handle_new_char
 
check_keypress:
  lda INKEY       
 
; choose action of "SHIFTed" key-press
check_a:
  cmp #'A'
  ; move up one memory address and display contents
  bne check_b     
  jsr increment_address
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_b:
  cmp #'B'
  ; move down one memory address and display contents
  bne check_c
  jsr decrement_address
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_c:
  cmp #'C'
  ; return to MONITOR
  bne check_d
  rmb5 FLAGS
  jsr lcd_clear
  lda #<splash
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>splash
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
 
  jsr new_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_d:
  cmp #'D'
  ; move monitor to entered 4-digit memory address
  bne check_e
  lda BYTE
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr new_address
  jsr print
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_e:
  cmp #'E'
  ; insert (POKE) byte of data in to current memory address, then increment to next address
  bne check_f
  lda BYTE
  ldy #$00
  sta (DUMP_POINTER),y
  jsr increment_address
  jsr new_address
  jsr print
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_f:
  cmp #'F'
  ; show 8-byte wide block of memory
  bne check_1
  ldy #$00
  lda BYTE
  sta DUMP_POINTER
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta DUMP_POINTER + 1
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_1:
  cmp #'1'
  ; show/auto-update clock
  bne check_3
  jsr lcd_clear
  lda #<emt
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER
  lda #>emt
  sta MESSAGE_POINTER + 1
  jsr print
  smb5 FLAGS
 
  ;jsr show_clock
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_3:
  cmp #'3'
  bne check_6
  ldy #$00
  jsr increment_block
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_6:
  cmp #'6'
  bne check_9
  ldy #$00
  jsr decrement_block
  jsr block_address
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_9:
  cmp #'9'
  bne check_4
  jsr show_block
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_4:
  cmp #'4'
  bne check_5
  lda BYTE
  sta HEXB
  lda BYTE + 1
  sta HEXB + 1
  jsr byte_to_hex
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
check_5:
  cmp #'5'
  bne exit_key_irq
  jsr $3F00
  jmp exit_key_irq
 
 
handle_new_char:
  lda ASCII + 2
  sta ASCII + 3
  lda ASCII + 1
  sta ASCII + 2
  lda ASCII
  sta ASCII + 1
  lda INKEY       ; get the new ASCII keypress value and... 
  sta ASCII
  jsr print_char  ; and print it on LCD
 
  jsr ascii_byte  ; convert the rolling 4-byte ASCII character data into two binary bytes
 
exit_key_irq:
 
 
  jsr scan  ; re-enable keypad
 
  rts
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
nmi:
  rti
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;;    interrupt is triggered by HIGH edge on VIA CA1 pin
;;     PORTA low nibble (keypad columns) inputs are diode ORed to CA1
;;
 
irq:
; put registers on the stack while handling the IRQ
  pha
  phx
  phy
 
;  find responsible hardware
 
;  Is it VIA_1?
 
  lda IFR_1   ; if IFR_1 has Bit7 set (ie sign=NEGATIVE) then it IS the source of the interrupt
  bpl next_device ; if it's not set (ie sign=POSITIVE) then branch to test the next possible device
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; IFR Flags
;; B7  B6  B5  B4  B3  B2  B1  B0
;; IRQ TI1 TI2 CB1 CB2 SR CA1 CA2
;;
;; Interrupt source is found by sequentially shifting IFR bit left to put bit-of-interest into the CARRY place
;; and then branching based on whether CARRY is SET or not
;;
;; Only add tests for IRQ sources in use, and adjust the ASLs in each test as necessary
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
test_timer1:
  asl           ; shift IFR left twice puts the TI1 bit into CARRY....
  asl
  bcc test_cb1  ; carry clear = next test
  bit T1CL_1      ; clear not clear = handle the TIMER interrupt
  jsr rtc
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_cb1:
  asl
  asl
  bcc test_cb2
  bit PORTB_1
  jsr cb1_handler
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_cb2:
  asl
  bcc test_ca1
  bit PORTB_1
  jsr cb2_handler
  jmp exit_irq
 
test_ca1:
  asl           ; shift CA1 bit into the CARRY bit & test
  asl
  bcc exit_irq        ; carry clear = leave
  jsr keypad_handler  ; carry not clear = handle the CA1 interrupt (keypad)
  jmp exit_irq
 
 
next_device:
 
exit_irq:
  ply
  plx
  pla
 
 
  rti
 
emt: .asciiz "hhh mm ss  MET"
splash: .asciiz "cmon> "
error_message: .asciiz "Not Decimal"
mem_pass_msg: .asciiz "RAM Test Pass"
mem_fail_msg_1: .asciiz "RAM Test 1 Fail"
mem_fail_msg_2: .asciiz "RAM Test 2 Fail"
 
; Reset/IRQ vectors
 
.segment "VECTORS"
 
 
  .word nmi
  .word reset
  .word irq

See CA65 Setup for the details of the additional includes files needed to assemble the code.

Notes

The idea of basic features came from

http://www.suppertime.co.uk/blogmywiki/2021/03/6502-breadboard-computer-part-7-working-monitor/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TK2JIZREgYM

My version is similar, but different.

The Keypad scanning routine came from :

https://www.asinine.nz/2022-05-01/6502-part4/

I wanted to write a routine to poll the 16-key pad and needed some hints. I understood what was needed, but was uncertain about the best way to achieve the correct results, so I looked at various bits of code online. When I worked through this snippet I understood what it was doing, and could perhaps in future come up with a similar working solution myself. It's all a matter of studying, understanding and then using the new knowledge. In the meantime this snippet of code works well enough that I see no point in re-inventing the wheel, so I'm just using it verbatim.

To allow key presses to trigger interrupts I have to set the 4 row-outputs (PA4-PA7) high and then diode-OR the switch's column lines, feeding this OR'd signal in to CA1 on the 65c22. Pressing any key pulls CA1 high, triggering an interrupt, and the interrupt routine then calls the keypad reading function itself which then determines which key was pressed.

— John Pumford-Green 27/08/22 09:24

Further Information

6502, assembly

Over the air ID

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

Over the air ID

What's the requirement in the UK now, for identification of Gateways which are operating under your own licence, rather than an Notice of Variation that used to be needed in the olden days?

Licence Quote

Identification
  21. The licensee that shall ensure that:
    a) the station is clearly identifiable at all times;
    b) the call sign is transmitted as "frequently as is practicable during transmissions"; and
    c) the Call sign is given in voice or other appropriate format consistent with the mode of operation.

and nothing at all in the “Gateways” section that would require anything more than as frequently as is practicable.

Gateway Operation

Gateway operation
  14. The Radio Equipment may be used as a Gateway and may be operated (but not
      controlled) by other radio amateurs without supervision, providing that the Licensee:
      a) ensures that the Gateway transmits at powers no greater than 5 Watts ERP;
      b) is able to demonstrate that reasonable steps have been taken to minimise the risk 
         of the Gateway causing undue interference to other authorised uses of radio and
         provide evidence of this if requested by Ofcom;
      c) is able to close down the Gateway within two hours of being required to do so by
         Ofcom.
      d) takes all reasonable steps to ensure that the Gateway is only used by an Amateur;
      e) remains responsible for the operation of the Gateway and compliance with the
         terms, conditions and limitations of the Licence; and
      f) Anyone wishing to establish a link to a Repeater must have the written permission
         of the Repeater keeper to do so.

Voice IDs

I've added a couple of Crontab commands
- The first one plays the ID every hour (that seems to meet “as frequently as is practicable”)
- The second plays the time, after the ID on the hour

00 * * * * sudo /usr/sbin/asterisk -rx "rpt localplay 481480 /var/lib/asterisk/sounds/custom/gm4slv" > /dev/null 2>&1
00 * * * * sleep 4 && sudo /usr/sbin/asterisk -rx "rpt fun 481480 *81" >/dev/null 2>&1

The sound file “gm4slv.ulaw” came from the Node Callsigns instead of Numbers script, renamed from 481410.ulaw to gm4slv.ulaw and stored in /var/lib/astersisk/sounds/custom
The second crontab entry plays Good [morning|afternoon|evening] the time is…..
They play sequentially at the top of the hour

This works, but it turns out to be an annoyance - especially when leaving a VHF H/T monitoring the gateway within earshot of people who don't appreciate such interesting radio signals

I disabled it after a couple of hours…..

Morse IDs

The standard morse ID still goes out after a transmission - if no ID has been sent for at least 15 minutes (because the Gateway hasn't been used for more than 15 minutes).
I've changed the morse tone frequency and amplitude

[morse]
speed = 20                              ; Approximate speed in WPM
frequency = 600                         ; Morse Telemetry Frequency
amplitude = 2048                        ; Morse Telemetry Amplitude
idfrequency = 600                       ; Morse ID Frequency (was 1065)
idamplitude = 512                       ; Morse ID Amplitude (was 1024)

— John Pumford-Green 08/06/25 17:38 BST

Further Information

radio, allstar

The Nodes

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

The Nodes

VHF Gateway

Platform	Raspberry Pi 2 Model B Rev 1.1
OS	Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
ASL Version	2.0.0-beta.6
Interface	CM108 Soundcard - modified
Radio	FT-1500M @ 5W
Frequency	144.9125MHz / CTCSS : 77.0Hz
Allstar Node	481480
Echolink	GM4SLV-L : 886089
Dashboard	via 481481's Allmon3

The initial node, described here → GM4SLV Allstar 2025 got too cumbersome after adding DMR Bridging, along with handling Echolink.

I decided, since I had a few spare Raspberry Pi boards doing nothing much, to split the DMR Bridging to a separate node.

I removed the DVSwitch bridging from the VHF Gateway node and changed its node ID to 481480 (NNX)

Echolink Config

/etc/asterisk/echolink.conf

[el0]
call = GM4SLV-L                          ; Change this!
pwd = XXXXX                           ; Change this!
name = John                        ; Change this!
qth = Allstar 481480                           ; Change this!
email = gm4slv@gm4slv.plus.com                         ; Change this!
node = 886089                           ; Change this!
; Data for EchoLink Status Page
lat = 60.2883                               ; Latitude in decimal degrees
lon = -001.42533                               ; Longitude in decimal degrees
freq = 144.900                             ; not mandatory Frequency in MHz
tone = 0                              ; not mandatory CTCSS Tone (0 for none)
power = 2                               ; 0=0W, 1=1W, 2=4W, 3=9W, 4=16W, 5=25W, 6=36W, 7=49W, 8=64W, 9=81W (Power in Watts)
height = 0                              ; 0=10 1=20 2=40 3=80 4=160 5=320 6=640 7=1280 8=2560 9=5120 (AMSL in Feet)
gain = 0                                ; Gain in db (0-9)
dir = 0                                 ; 0=omni 1=45deg 2=90deg 3=135deg 4=180deg 5=225deg 6=270deg 7=315deg 8=360deg (Direction)
maxstns = 5                            ; Max Stations
 
rtcptimeout = 10
recfile = /tmp/echolink_recorded.gsm    ;
astnode = 481480           ; Change this!
context = radio-secure                  ; Default in code is echolink-in

; Max 3 servers
server1 = server1.echolink.org
server2 = server2.echolink.org
server3 = server3.echolink.org

; To deny w6xxx you would add the statement: deny = w6xxx
; To prohibit computer-based connections you would write: permit = *-*
; To allow access to only a select group of callsigns: permit = w6abc,w6def,...
; permit                                ; comma delimited list of callsign, type (-r)
; deny

 
; Remote text commands thru netcat:
; o.conip <IPaddress>    (request a connect)
; o.dconip <IPaddress>   (request a disconnect)
; o.rec                  (turn on/off recording)

; ipaddr
; port
 
 
#includeifexists custom/echolink.conf

DMR Bridging Node

Platform	Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.5
OS	Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
ASL Version	3.7.1-1.deb
Allstar Node	481481
Dashboard	http://gm4slv.plus.com:42111/

New hardware and OS install

Installed OS first Pi OS 64 bit Lite →

Pi OS Lite

then the ASL repository and finally ASL3 and Allmon3 following guide at:

https://allstarlink.github.io/install/debian/install/

I found this much nicer than the “Pi Appliance” method.

This one is for running DVSwitch to bridge to (at the moment) TGIF TG2354429 (my so-called ID Talkgroup )

I added the DVSwitch software, in the same way described here GM4SLV Allstar 2025 (using bookworm in place of buster) and decided to bridge to TGIF instead of Brandmeister.

I also decided to use the md380_emu emulator for the AMBE transcoding.

MMDVM_Bridge.ini

/opt/MMDVM_Bridge/MMDVM_Bridge.ini

[General]
Callsign=GM4SLV
Id=235442999
Timeout=180
Duplex=0
 
[Info]
RXFrequency=144900000
TXFrequency=144900000
Power=1
Latitude=60.2885
Longitude=-1.4215
Height=0
Location=GM4SLV Bridge1
Description=MMDVM_Bridge
URL=https://gm4slv.org.uk
 
[Log]
# Logging levels, 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal
DisplayLevel=1
FileLevel=2
FilePath=/var/log/mmdvm
FileRoot=MMDVM_Bridge
 
[DMR Id Lookup]
File=/var/lib/mmdvm/DMRIds.dat
Time=24
 
[NXDN Id Lookup]
File=/var/lib/mmdvm/NXDN.csv
Time=24
 
[Modem]
Port=/dev/null
RSSIMappingFile=/dev/null
Trace=0
Debug=0
 
[D-Star]
Enable=0
Module=B
 
[DMR]
Enable=1
ColorCode=1
EmbeddedLCOnly=1
DumpTAData=0
 
[System Fusion]
Enable=0
 
[P25]
Enable=0
NAC=293
 
[NXDN]
Enable=0
RAN=1
Id=12345
 
[D-Star Network]
Enable=0
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=20010
LocalPort=20011
Debug=0
 
[DMR Network]
Enable=1
Address=tgif.network
Port=62031
;Jitter=360
Jitter=750
Local=62032
Password=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx
# for DMR+ see https://github.com/DVSwitch/MMDVM_Bridge/blob/master/DOC/DMRplus_startup_options.md
# for XLX the syntax is: Options=XLX:4009
# Options=
Slot1=0
Slot2=1
Debug=0
 
[System Fusion Network]
Enable=0
LocalAddress=0
LocalPort=3200
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=4200
Debug=0
 
[P25 Network]
Enable=0
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=42020
LocalPort=32010
Debug=0
 
[NXDN Network]
Enable=0
#LocalAddress=127.0.0.1
Debug=0
LocalPort=14021
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
GatewayPort=14020

Analog_Bridge.ini

/opt/Analog_Bridge/Analog_Bridge.ini

; Analog_Bridge configuration file.
;   This file should be placed in either /etc or it can be
;   supplied as a path on the Analog_Bridge command line.

; The best way to think of this file is that there are two main sections, the USRP (analog audio) and
; AMBE_AUDIO (compressed audio).  Analog_Bridge will take everything sent to the USRP port and
; encode it for transmission on the AMBE_AUDIO port.  The encoder will use the format defined in ambeMode.
; As you might expect, the reverse direction is defined too.

; Analog_Bridge supports include files. More on this later...
include = dvsm.macro
; include = asl.macro

; General Section describes settings for Analog_Bridge itself.
[GENERAL]
logLevel = 2                            ; Show messages and above 0=No logging, 1=Debug, 2=Message, 3=Info, 4=Warning, 5=Error, 6=Fatal

; Metadata management
exportMetadata = true                   ; Export metadata to USRP partner (transcode setups require this)
transferRootDir = /tmp			; Export database files to USRP partner
subscriberFile = /var/lib/dvswitch/subscriber_ids.csv   ; DMR ID to callsign lookup data

; General vocoder setup information
decoderFallBack = true                  ; Allow software AMBE decoding if a hardware decoder is not found
useEmulator = true                     ; Use the MD380 AMBE emulator for AMBE72 (DMR/YSFN/NXDN)
emulatorAddress = 127.0.0.1:2470        ; IP address and port of the md380 server
 
pcmPort = 2222				; UDP port to send to the WebProxy

; Information for xx_Bridge (Where xx is MMDVM, Quantar, HB, IPSC)
[AMBE_AUDIO]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of xx_Bridge
txPort = 31103                          ; Transmit TLV frames to partner on this port
rxPort = 31100                          ; Listen for TLV frames from partner on this port
ambeMode = DMR                          ; DMR, DMR_IPSC, DSTAR, NXDN, P25, YSFN, YSFW (encode PCM to this format)
minTxTimeMS = 2500                      ; Analog -> Digital Minimum time in MS for hang delay (0-10000)

; The metadata below is used when ASL is the source since it does not have any concept of digital modes
gatewayDmrId = 2354429                  ; ID to use when transmitting from Analog_Bridge 7 digit ID
repeaterID = 235442999                  ; ID of source repeater 7 digit ID plus 2 digit SSID 
txTg = 2354429                                ; TG to use for all frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
txTs = 2                                ; Slot to use for frames sent from Analog_Bridge -> xx_Bridge
colorCode = 1                           ; Color Code to assign DMR frames

; Information for USRP channel driver.  This interface uses PCM to transfer audio information
; There are two typical configurations, ASL and Transcode.  ASL (AllstarLink) is for analog clients connected
; to a digital network.  Transcode is when Analog_Bridge actually points its PCM interfaces back at itself, 
; causing a TLV <-- (pcm <--> pcm) --> TLV type of architecture.
;   When using ASL, this matches the rpt.conf ASL file with a setting like:
;   rxchannel = usrp/127.0.0.1:34001:32001
;   When Transcoding, make two ini files and set txPort equal to the other instance rxPort (crossover).  Launch
;   each instance with its own ini file.
[USRP]
address = 127.0.0.1                     ; IP address of USRP partner (Analog_Reflector, Allstar/Asterisk or another Analog_Bridge)
txPort = 31001                          ; Transmit USRP frames on this port
rxPort = 34001                          ; Listen for USRP frames on this port
usrpAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN                 ; Digital -> Analog (AUDIO_UNITY, AUDIO_USE_GAIN, AUDIO_USE_AGC)
usrpGain = 5.0                         ; Gain factor when usrpAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN (0.0 to 5.0) (1.0 = AUDIO_UNITY)
usrpAGC = -20,10,100                    ; Set the agc threshold (db), slope (db) and decay (ms)
tlvAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN                  ; Analog -> Digital (AUDIO_UNITY, AUDIO_USE_GAIN, AUDIO_BPF)
tlvGain = 1.0                          ; Gain factor when tlvAudio = AUDIO_USE_GAIN (0.0 to 5.0) (1.0 = AUDIO_UNITY)
 
[MACROS]

; Where the macros are
; xxxx=yyyy
; xxxx is the dial string to match
; yyyy is the command line to execute

; xxxx must be preceded by a *
; xxxx can be any string (alphanumeric)
; yyyy is the command to execute
; yyyy will replace xxxx in the dial string
; arguments follow the macro name with a # delimiter

; For example using macro "5678" above would look like:
; *5678#9876

; Which would invoke:
; echo 9876

; Information for DV3000 hardware decoder
;   There are two configuration modes: IP (AMBEServer) and serial (direct connect hardware)
;   Use top server and port if using AMBEServer
;   Use bottom server/port and serial = true if using the DV3000u (thumbdv)
;   Did you run AMBETest4.py before using this?
[DV3000]
address = 127.0.0.1                   ; IP address of AMBEServer
rxPort = 2460                         ; Port of AMBEServer
; address = /dev/ttyUSB0              ; Device of DV3000U on this machine
; baud = 460800                       ; Baud rate of the dongle (230400 or 460800)
; serial = true                       ; Use serial=true for direct connect or serial=false for AMBEServer

Test Node

See Test Node 481482

— John Pumford-Green 08/06/25 18:44 BST

Further Information

radio, allstar, dvswitch, dmr, echolink

IAX Remote Access

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:42:09 +0000

←AllStar Linking

IAX Remote Access

Experimenting with remote access via IAX

From HamVOIP

iaxrpt-config.pdf

IAX_RPT

Edit /etc/asterisk/iax.conf
- make new stanza for a named remote user and set an obscure password
- looks like:

[NEW_USER_NAME]                           
type = user                           
context = iaxrpt    ; Context to jump to in extensions.conf
auth = md5
secret = NEW_TOP_SECRET_PASSWORD
host = dynamic
disallow = all
allow = ulaw
allow = adpcm
allow = gsm
transfer = no

disable/remove default [iaxrpt] stanza
Edit /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf
ensure there's an extension that's pointed to by the context entry in the iax.conf stanza above
- looks like:

; CONTEXT Pointed to from iax.conf
[iaxrpt]                         
exten => ${NODE},1,rpt(${NODE}|X)

Client Applications

Windows

Legacy iaxRpt
- https://hamvoip.org/downloads/setup_iaxrpt_xipar_010146.exe
  - setup_iaxrpt_xipar_010146.zip
configure like this
- port is the node's normal iax UDP port, as set up in Allstar Portal and in iax.conf

also set your callsign as Name and 0 (zero) as Number in Options → Preferences → CallerID

Android

DVSwitch Mobile app

iax.conf

[USERNAME FOR DVSWITCH] ;;; The stanza is the "Username" from IAXRpt
type=friend
context=android-iaxrpt
host=dynamic
auth=md5
secret=SUPER_SECRET_PASSWORD ;;; The "Password" from IAXRpt
disallow=all
allow=ulaw
transfer=no
calltokenoptional=0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
requirecalltoken=no

extensions.conf

[android-iaxrpt] ;;; Stanza is the context from iax.conf
exten => 481480,1,Answer ;;; The "Node" from IAXRpt is 1998
exten => 481480,n,Playback,rpt/node
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/4
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/8
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/1
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/4
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/8
exten => 481480,n,Playback,digits/0
exten => 481480,n,Set(CALLERID(num)=0)
exten => 481480,n,Rpt,481480|P|${CALLERID(name)} ;;; The "CallerID" from IAXRpt

— John Pumford-Green 07/06/25 17:07 BST

Further Information

radio, allstar, iax rpt

Mini Igate

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 21:04:19 +0000

←APRS

Mini Igate

A small portable fill-in iGate

Deployed to improve APRS coverage in Lerwick.

Hardware

Raspberry Pi
- Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2g
CM108 Sound card, modified for GPIO in/out
IC-2E
TP-Link MiFi router

Software

direwolf
autossh
tmux

Config & scripts

direwolf.conf

ADEVICE  plughw:1,0
 
#GPSD
 
 
CHANNEL 0
 
MYCALL GM4SLV-11
 
MODEM 1200
 
FIX_BITS 1
 
PTT GPIO 25
 
AGWPORT 8000
KISSPORT 8001
 
#TBEACON EVERY=15 SYMBOL="igate" overlay="T" comment="Mini IGate
#TBEACON sendto=IG EVERY=30 SYMBOL="igate" overlay="T" comment="Mini IGate
 
IBEACON every=30 via=WIDE1-1
IBEACON sendto=IG every=60
 
PBEACON every=10 overlay=T symbol="igate" lat=60^09.33N long=001^08.76W comment="Mini IGate" via=WIDE1-1,WIDE2-1
 
DIGIPEAT 0 0 ^WIDE[3-7]-[1-7]$|^TEST$ ^WIDE[12]-[12]$ TRACE
 
FILTER IG 0 r/60.2/-1.4/150 | ( ! t/t )
 
IGSERVER euro.aprs2.net
 
IGLOGIN GM4SLV-11 19626
 
IGFILTER m/150
 
PBEACON sendto=IG every=15:00 symbol="igate" overlay=T lat=60^09.33N long=001^08.76W comment="Mini IGate"
 
IGTXVIA 0 WIDE1-1,WIDE2-1
 
IGMSP 10
IGTXLIMIT 12 20

start_direwolf.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
session="Igate"
 
tmux start-server
 
tmux new-session -d -s $session
 
tmux rename-window "direwolf"
 
tmux selectp -t 0
tmux send-keys "direwolf -t 1 -T "%c" -c /home/gm4slv/direwolf.conf" C-m

crontab entry @reboot sleep 60 && sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/start_direwolf.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

autossh tunnel

see svxlink hotspot for details

#!/bin/bash
 
autossh -M 20000 -N -T gm4slv_tunnel

ssh config

Host gm4slv_tunnel
        HostName gm4slv.plus.com
        User xxxxx
        Port xxxxx
        RemoteForward 4446 localhost:22
        RemoteForward 8080 192.168.0.1:80

crontab entry : @reboot sleep 60 && sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/tunnel.sh 2>&1

Page created Thu May 26 12:41:10 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 04/06/26 22:04 BST

aprs, pi, radio

Svx Mobile

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 21:03:37 +0000

←SVXLink

Svx Mobile

Plan…

To make a mobile hotspot that will provide access to SVXReflector and Echolink as well as a handy single-frequency parrot repeater.

Hardware

Remains the same as the previous portable hotspot

Raspberry Pi
CM108 soundcard
IC-2E
MiFi router

It will be installed in my vehicle, which also has a TM-D710 for APRS and voice comms.

Add 5V regulator to power R.Pi from 12VDC
Put everything in a grab-box for portability

SVXLink Config

Echolink Module enabled (switchable via DTMF commands)
Echolink using a Java JRE and Echolink Proxy running on my VPS machine to enable incoming connections.

Logic.tcl additions for switching EL on/off

Added to <…>/events.d/local/Logic.tcl

 # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 97 is received
  if {$cmd == "97"} {
    puts "Executing external command"
    playMsg "Core" "online"
    exec /home/gm4slv/svx_ref_el.sh &
    return 1
  }

  # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 98 is received
  if {$cmd == "98"} {
    puts "Executing external command"
    playMsg "Core" "online"
    exec /home/gm4slv/svx_ref_noel.sh &
    return 1
  }
  # Example: Custom command executed when DTMF 99 is received
  if {$cmd == "99"} {
    puts "Executing external command"
    playMsg "Core" "online"
    exec /home/gm4slv/svx_noref_el.sh &
    return 1
  }

DTMF command 97# will cause svxlink to restart with Reflector connected, Echolink connected.
DTMF command 98# will cause svxlink to restart with Reflector connected, Echolink disabled.
DTMF command 99# will cause svxlink to restart with Reflector disabled, Echolink connected.

Start with Reflector ON and Echolink ON

97#

#!/bin/bash
 
CFG=/usr/local/etc/svxlink/svxlink_ref_el.conf
LOG=/home/gm4slv/svxlink.log
 
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
 
echo "25" > /sys/class/gpio/export
 
sleep 2
 
echo "out" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio25/direction
 
sudo svxlink --daemon --logfile=$LOG --config=$CFG
exit 0

Start with Reflector ON, Echolink Disabled

98#

#!/bin/bash
 
CFG=/usr/local/etc/svxlink/svxlink_ref_noel.conf
LOG=/home/gm4slv/svxlink.log
 
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
 
echo "25" > /sys/class/gpio/export
 
sleep 2
 
echo "out" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio25/direction
 
sudo svxlink --daemon --logfile=$LOG --config=$CFG
exit 0

Start with Reflector disabled, Echolink ON

99#

#!/bin/bash
 
CFG=/usr/local/etc/svxlink/svxlink_noref_el.conf
LOG=/home/gm4slv/svxlink.log
 
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
 
echo "25" > /sys/class/gpio/export
 
sleep 2
 
echo "out" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio25/direction
 
sudo svxlink --daemon --logfile=$LOG --config=$CFG
exit 0

It's probable that I'll configure the initial start @reboot to be with Reflector and Echolink

crontab → @reboot sleep 30 && sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/svx_ref_el.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

Using a PROXY server for connecting to Echolink, and be able to accept incoming Echolink connections, is necessary because it's not possible to control external firewall/port forwarding when using the MiFi 4G router for internet access.

Connecting direct to Echolink, without the proxy still allows outgoing Echolink connections to be made

Rather than relying on other PUBLIC Echolink proxies I though it would be wise to install and run a proxy server myself, on the VPS machine. It turned out to be easier than I thought and the basic steps are here

Parrot

I imagine being able to use the Parrot feature as a temporary single-frequency repeater perhaps for emergency use?

I'll experiment….

Page Info

— John Pumford-Green 03/06/22 17:59

Page last updated: 01/01/70 01:00 BST

DM15L/41X/41L "Multi-Variable" Solve

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 08:53:34 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM15L/41X/41L "Multi-Variable" Solve

Using multi-variable equations in SOLVE

Source

https://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=556

In order to conveniently employ SOLVE or INTEG on the HP-34C/15C/41C for multiple-input, single-output (MISO) user-defined functions, the user's program should emulate the way SOLVE and INTEG manage input variables on the three Pioneer-series models and the HP-33s.

Assume that a MISO function is to be programmed as an RPN routine on a HP-34C, HP-15C, or HP-41C/CV/CX. A user may wish to use SOLVE or INTEG successively for any selected “focus” variable with all others held constant, and without having to edit the RPN routine. Here is a simple procedure for this purpose:

Choose a numbered storage register for each variable in the function. On the 41C/CV/CX, choose another numbered register as the indirect storage register. (Do not use a stack register, as it will be overwritten by SOLVE or INTEG.) In PROGRAM mode:

Program the function as an RPN routine that not only meets the basic requirements, but also retrieves each variable from its chosen storage register when it is used. (On the 41C/CV/CX, the label beginning the routine must be an external label.) The second instruction of the routine (immediately after LBL) should store the stack x-register value to the indirectly-referenced register. This instruction is “STO (i)” on the HP-34C and HP-15C; it is “STO IND nn” on the HP-41C/CV/CX. In RUN mode:

Store the desired constant values of the fixed-value variables to their storage registers. Store the register number containing the floating variable to the indirect storage register. Invoke SOLVE or INTEG in the usual manner. This procedure utilizes indirect storage to make the RPN program more flexible. SOLVE and INTEG feed the each value of the floating variable as input to the user program, which immediately stores the value indirectly to its user-chosen register. Each variable in the function is then recalled for use in calculations, so the user program need not be structured to receive any particular variable from the stack.
EXAMPLE:

f(x, y, z) = 2*x - ln y + 1/z

x in R1; y in R2; z in R3
indirect in R00 (HP-41 only)


HP-15C/HP-34C program:      HP-41C/CV/CX program:


LBL A                       LBL "AA"
STO (i)                     STO IND 00
RCL 1                       RCL 01
2                           2
*                           *
RCL 2                       RCL 02
LN                          LN
-                           -
RCL 3                       RCL 03
1/x                         1/x
+                           +
RTN                         RTN


In RUN mode, solve for x such that f(x, y=15.1, z=5.3) = 0


HP-15C/HP-34C:              HP-41C/CV/CX:


15.1                        15.1
STO 2                       STO 02
5.3                         5.3
STO 3                       STO 03
1                           1
STO I                       STO 00
0.5                         0.5
ENTER                       ENTER
5                           5
SOLVE A                     "AA"  (enter AA in alpha mode)
                            XEQ "SOLVE"


(Answer is 1.263007749)


Next, solve for y such that f(x=0.7, y, z=3.3) = 0


HP-15C/HP-34C:              HP-41C/CV/CX:


0.7                         0.7
STO 1                       STO 01
3.3                         3.3
STO 3                       STO 03
2                           2
STO I                       STO 00
0.5                         0.5
ENTER                       ENTER
6                           6
SOLVE A                     "AA"  (enter AA in alpha mode)
                            XEQ "SOLVE"


(Answer is 5.490560270)


Finally, integrate f(x=1.7, y=4.1, z) over z = 1.0 to 6.0.
Specify 5 decimal-digit absolute function accuracy:


HP-15C/HP-34C:              HP-41C/CV/CX:


FIX 5                       FIX 5
1.7                         1.7
STO 1                       STO 01
4.1                         4.1
STO 2                       STO 02
3                           3
STO I                       STO 00
1                           1
ENTER                       ENTER
6                           6
INTEG A                     "AA"  (enter AA in alpha mode)
                            XEQ "INTEG"


(answer is 11.73682)
https://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=556

Example : OHMS LAW

from https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-1212.html

So, can I write an equation in programming, such as

(I* R) - E = 0

(or however one should program it in)

and use SOLVE to find the unknown?

Code:
LBL A
STO (i) 
RCL 0
RCL* 1
RCL- 2
RTN
Example:
<I> STO 0
<E> STO 2
1 STO I
SOLVE A
from https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-1212.html

Example : Nano-VNA TDR settings

F = (Points^2 x v.f x 0.284 ) / distance

Points → R01
Distance → R02
V.F → R03
Frequency → R04

LBL 71
Sto(i)
RCL 01
x^2
RCL* 03
0.284
*
RCL/ 02
RCL- 04
RTN

Example

Find the Frequency sweep width needed for a distance of 35m with the following settings:

Distance = 35m
Points = 101
V.F = 0.66

101 STO01
35 STO02
.66 STO03
4 STO I
solve 71

Result = 54.63MHz

— John Pumford-Green 02/08/22 11:50

Further Information

calculator, dm15l

Python2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Python2

Debian Bullseye forcing move to Python3

How to install pip2 and then any required python2 modules, and continue to use Python2 code I've already written, and don't want/need to re-write to python3.

1. Python-is-python2

sudo apt-get install python-is-python2

2. pip2

from https://www.linuxcapable.com/how-to-install-python-pip-pip3-on-debian-11-bullseye

sudo apt install curl -y
 
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py --output get-pip.py
 
sudo python2 get-pip.py

Then it's possible to install python2 modules via pip2

gm4slv@shack:~$ sudo pip2 install numpy
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. 
Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. 
pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021.
More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support 
pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.
Collecting numpy
  Downloading numpy-1.16.6-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (17.0 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 17.0 MB 196 kB/s
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.16.6

— John Pumford-Green 12/07/22 19:20

Further Information

DM15L Startup Keys & Serial Console

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 24 Jan 2026 08:10:32 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM15L Startup Keys & Serial Console

Start Keys

The DM15L has a few options which are set by holding certain keys at power on
In the Update from V33 onwards these settings can also be modified directly via the “Setup Menu”
- press fON then the key for the function as below….

Key	Function description
A	Display time/date for 5 minutes
B	Benchmark. Evaluate speed compared to original calculator
C	Switch to serial console
D	Start Bootloader
E	System info. Firmware version, battery voltage, CPU frequency, etc.
CHS	Change LCD contrast.⁷⁾
EEX	Reset LCD contrast to default values.
STO	Adjust RTC: decrement -1h
RCL	Adjust RTC: increment +1h
7	Cycle through available fonts
1	One Line Display
2	Two Line Display
9	Configure CPU speed. Toggle between 12MHz and 48MHz
÷	Keyboard self test
⨯	Self test
−	Power reset
+	Endless test
.	Toggle decimal delimiter
SST	Time/date adjustment.⁸⁾
GTO	Toggle annunciator position

Serial Console

Settings

Speed : 38400
Data bits : 8
Stop bits : 1
Parity : None
Flow control : XON/XOFF (or none)

Commands

 
VOYAGER >> ?
Firmware DM15_M80_V32

?          Help
p          Key press
s          Dump memory
l          Load memory
ct         Console timeout
bootloader Invoke Bootloader
t          Get time
ts         Set time
td         Update time
kb         Toggle keyboard output to console
d          Toggle display output to console
b          Read battery voltage

Type '<command> ?' for params
VOYAGER >>

The calculator can be programmed using the dumps, via the Serial Console, by copy & paste of the text of dump using the Serial Console command l

An example session

Memory dump captured by Copy & Paste from the console session above.

DM15_M1B
00  03000007146000  03999994641000  03999994641000  00000000000000
04  49828382834000  00000000000008  0000000000000c  00002005999eae
08  00000000000000  39fa0ffffaea8f  dba083fce4bf80  00000000000000
10  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  05000000000000
14  f0000000000089  20323232323232  000000000001f2  00000000000000
18  00000000000000  0000000000007f  00000000a00000  05313010235001
1c  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  01844692622004
f0  00000000000000  00000000000000  000000000000b2  fdfbf132faf142
f4  ccfdf0f20cb2c3  fcf0f2bcfdfaf1  32fbf1420bb233  44fcc3f0f2bcfd
f8  faf133fbf143fd  a2cff182cff142  cafd0ab21282df  f1cafdf5c0f3fc
fc  31fd30fb31fc30  310241f5f4f3c0  f240f6c6f4f3f2  f1f0c0f142f00e
A: 49828382834000  B: 49828382834eae  C: 00002005999eae
S: 00000000001000
M: 01844692622004  N: 99828382834004  G: 06

This dump pasted into the Swiss Micro decoder

The decoded dump, showing the actual program commands

001  LBL E        | 42,21,15
002  0            |        0
003  STO 2        |    44  2
004  1            |        1
005  .            |       48
006  0            |        0
007  1            |        1
008  2            |        2
009  3            |        3
010  4            |        4
011  EEX          |       26
012  6            |        6
013  STO 0        |    44  0
014  2            |        2
015  .            |       48
016  3            |        3
017  4            |        4
018  5            |        5
019  STO 1        |    44  1
020  LBL 2        | 42,21, 2
021  RCL 1        |    45  1
022  RCL 0        |    45  0
023  *            |       20
024  RCL 1        |    45  1
025  -            |       30
026  RCL 0        |    45  0
027  /            |       10
028  RCL 1        |    45  1
029  *            |       20
030  3            |        3
031  .            |       48
032  5            |        5
033  /            |       10
034  sqrt         |       11
035  1            |        1
036  STO+2        | 44,40, 2
037  GTO 2        |    22  2
038  RTN          |   43  32
039  LBL A        | 42,21,11
040  /            |       10
041  sqrt         |       11
042  STO 2        |    44  2
043  1            |        1
044  RCL+2        | 45,40, 2
045  1            |        1
046  RCL-2        | 45,30, 2
047  /            |       10
048  STO 3        |    44  3
049  1            |        1
050  -            |       30
051  RCL 3        |    45  3
052  1            |        1
053  +            |       40
054  /            |       10
055  LOG          |   43  13
056  2            |        2
057  0            |        0
058  CHS          |       16
059  *            |       20
060  STO 4        |    44  4
061  RCL 3        |    45  3
062  RTN          |   43  32
063  LBL B        | 42,21,12
064  STO 2        |    44  2
065  1            |        1
066  -            |       30
067  RCL 2        |    45  2
068  1            |        1
069  +            |       40
070  /            |       10
071  LOG          |   43  13
072  2            |        2
073  0            |        0
074  *            |       20
075  CHS          |       16
076  RTN          |   43  32
077  LBL C        | 42,21,13
078  2            |        2
079  0            |        0
080  /            |       10
081  10^x         |       13
082  STO 2        |    44  2
083  1            |        1
084  +            |       40
085  RCL 2        |    45  2
086  1            |        1
087  -            |       30
088  /            |       10
089  RTN          |   43  32

Page created Thu May 26 17:41:19 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 24/01/26 08:10 GMT

calculator, dm15l

⁷⁾

LCD Setting : Param1: up +, down −, Param2: up Σ+, down 3

⁸⁾

Date Adjustment Usage: Up +, Down −, Next ⨯, Prev ÷, ENTER to Set, ON to Cancel

DM41 Save/Restore Statistics

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 18:01:25 +0000

←Hints & Tips

DM41 Save/Restore Statistics

Using Extended Memory to save Statistics Registers

Background

Statistics use 6 regular registers to keep track of data for calculating Mean and Standard Deviations.

Keeping a long-term record of a set of variables means not being able to use the Statistics functions for anything else unless steps are taken to save and restore the registers.

It is possible to save the 6 registers in a data file in Extended Memory and then use the statistics for other things, and restore the saved Statistics back to Main Memory when required.

By Default the Statistics registers start at R11 but this can be changed with the command ∑REG

This is the default list of Statistics Registers and contents

R11	∑x	Summation of x-values
R12	∑x²	Summation of squares of x-values.
R13	∑y	Summation of y-values.
R14	∑y²	Summation of squares of y-values.
R15	∑xy	Summation of products of x- and y-values.
R16	n	Number of data points accumulated.

Advantage Pac : CFIT application seems to reset ∑REG to 12

Extended Memory Data File

The statistics registers use 6 Main Memory registers, usually R11 → R16

We need to create a Data File in Extended Memory to hold these.

Put the name in ALPHA e.g. REGS
Put 6 in x register
excecute CRFLD to create the Data File REGS in Extended Memory

Once it's created it can be used to hold the contents of the 6 Statistics Registers

Save Registers to Extended Memory

We need to make sure our Data File is the current file and that the pointer is at the beginning of the file
- Put REGS in ALPHA
- Put 0 in X so that we put the pointer at the first register record in the data file.
- Execute SEEKPTA
Now we need to copy the 6 Registers R11 → R16 to the Data File REGS
- ensure REGS is still in ALPHA
- put a number in X to indicate which range of Registers to save, this is bbb.eee where b is the beginning register and e is the end
  - put 11.016 in X
- execute SAVERX

Restore Registers from Extended Memory to Main Memory

We need to make sure our Data File is the current file and that the pointer is at the beginning of the file
- Put REGS in ALPHA
- Put 0 in X
- Execute SEEKPTA
We can copy the 6 registers held in the Data File REGS back to R11 → R16
- ensure REGS is still in ALPHA
- put a number in X to indicate where the recovered registers will be put in Main Memory
  - put 11.016 in X
- execute GETRX

A program to make it easier

It is possible to change the base register of the 6 Statistics Registers, away from the default of R11.

We need to take this into account.

This uses the query ∑REG? to find the base register, then create bbb.eee using simple arithmetic.

When used in SAVER (saveRegs) we ensure we copy the current Statistics Registers data.

When used in GETR (getRegs) we ensure we restore our data to the Registers currently set to be the active Statistics Registers (they may have changed since first saving them)

LBL ¬SAVER
¬REGS
0
SEEKPTA
∑REG?
1.001
*
.005
+
SAVERX
¬REGS SAVED
AVIEW
PSE
CLD
RTN
LBL ¬GETR
¬REGS
0
SEEKPTA
∑REG?
1.001
*
.005
+
GETRX
¬REGS OK
AVIEW
PSE
CLD
RTN

Multiple Saved Files

It's possible to have more than one Extended Memory file with Stats registers.

This could keep track of different sets of statistics and allow restore, update, save for many sets of statistical data.

I've set up two data files : REGS and CHESS in extended memory and made two version of the simple program above, the only change is to alter the lines which put the name of the file in ALPHA

Then I thought of adding a 7th Register holding the DATE of the latest SAVE for the CHESS statistics, so I can keep track of whether I'm up to date in entering the scores.

Delete the original CHESS Data File & make a new one with 7 registers

ALPHA → CHESS
execute PURFL
X = 7
ALPHA still → CHESS
execute CRFLD to create the new 7-register data file

The date is automatically stored in the register just after the Stats - in general in R18 when ΣREG is 12 - and automatically adapts the register used depending on ΣREG?

Here is SAVEC and GETC for saveChess and getChess

LBL ¬SAVEC
¬CHESS
0
SEEKPTA
∑REG?
STO 01
6
+
STO 00
DATE
STO IND 00
RCL 01
1.001
*
.006
+
SAVERX
¬CHESS SAVED
AVIEW
PSE
CLD
RTN
END

LBL ¬GETC
¬CHESS
0
SEEKPTA
∑REG?
STO 01
6
+
STO 00
RCL 01
1.001
*
.006
+
GETRX
CLA
RCL IND 00
¬LAST 
ADATE
AVIEW
PSE
CLD
RTN
END

Further Ideas

I might make a better version which prompts for a Data File name rather than having one separate program for each scenario

calculator, dm41x, dm41l

DM15L Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 17 Apr 2026 10:45:56 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM15L Info

Purchase Information

Date : September 2021
From : Swiss Micros (direct)
Price : £95
Serial : 21350
New Battery
- July 27^th 2022
- July 26^th 2024
- April 17^th 2026

Firmware

Upgrade firmware on Linux

sudo lpc21isp <firmware_file> /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 12000

bash scripts

just to reduce the typing…. still need to press the hidden reset button to start the flashing and to start the new firmware.

You can have separate scripts for ease of loading different firmware

./lf_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=LF15C_250408.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

./dm32_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=DM15_M1B_32.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

./dm34_flash.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
 
FWARE=DM15_M1B_34.hex
 
lpc21isp $FWARE /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200

Upgrade firware on Windows

Serial USB Driver for Windows

cp210x_universal_windows_driver.zip

Windows Firmware Upload Tool

voyage_firmware_tool.zip

Swiss Micros Official

Swiss Micros Firmware files

Date	Serial No.	Firmware	Version	Firmware Files	Comments
24/05/22	21350	DM15_M1B	32	dm15_m1b_32.zip	Extended User Registers
22/11/23	21350	DM15	32	dm15_32.zip	Standard User Registers
21/12/24	21350	DM15_M1B	33	dm15_m1b_33.zip	New 2-line stack and other mods
23/01/26	21350	DM15_M1B	34	dm15_m1b_34.hex	Bug fixes to new version

ROM	Allocatable registers	RAM base addr.	Initial Memory Status
DM15 (Original ROM)	64	0xc0	19 46 0-0
DM15_M80	128	0x80	19 110 0-0
DM15_M1B	229	0x1b	19 211 0-0

LF15C - 3rd Party Firmware

From HP Forum https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046.html

For more details see LF15C - firmware for the DM15

DESK-15 - 3rd Party Firmware

From HP Forum https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-23488.html
You Tube https://youtu.be/ktrKZzN3wJw
Github for firmware and brief README guide https://github.com/zooxo/desk15

I'll try it out and write up some details…..

Desk15 - firmware for the DM15

RTC Error

RTC is not capable of calibration/correction
RTC appears to continue running even when switching firmware
- LF15C has no ability to display RTC but it the rate appears unaffected by the firmware changes
- Requires that Swiss Micros firmware is loaded in order to check current RTC time

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
23/01/26		-49.0			Delta -49.0. New firmware DM15 V34 loaded. New Period
23/01/26	24/01/26	-47.0	+2.1	+2.1	After 24 hours
23/01/26	26/01/26	-43.4	+1.9	+2.0	After 3 days
23/01/26	27/01/26	-41.9	+1.8	+1.9	After 4 days. LF15C loaded after time check
23/01/26	11/02/26	-11.2	+2.0	+2.0	After 19 days. DM15_M1B_34 reloaded to check time
23/01/26	04/04/26	+88.3	+1.9	+1.9	After 71 days

Swiss Micros Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/voyager/firmware/
Documentation : Online HTML User Manual
Documentation : PDF Manual
Product Page : DM15L

HP-15C Owner's Handbooks

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org/

HP-15C Owner's Handbook : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp15c-oh-en.pdf
HP-15C Advanced Functions Handbook : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp15c-afh-en.pdf

DM15L Memory Dumps and Program Listings

See DM15L Progs

calculator, dm15l

AntiX

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

AntiX

I'm testing a Live-USB Linux **AntiX** on a Lenovo laptop that has always been sluggish running Windows 10 (and even running Debian from the HDD).

I don't know if the issue is related to the performance (speed/RAM etc) of the machine or to the HDD itself. To see how the machine performs separately from the HDD I'll use AntiX for general web browsing and email for a few days and see how I find it.

Persistence

I've set up static root persistence to allow me to install and configure software, and save files etc. that remain after rebooting. This required setting up persistence :

rootfs = 3GB
homefs = 3GB

I installed rwho and rwhod to confirm new packages remained after reboot. I needed to change the default Live-USB user passwords to allow persistence to work - the first time I rebooted after setting up persistence I was forced to do so. I also added a new user, rather than stick with the Live-USB's default of demo

Browser

I then installed chromium as the preferred browser (instead of the default seamonkey)

To make it the menu-selected choice of browser I struggled to see how the menu item desktop-defaults-run -b (-b for browser) was made to point to chromium until I found one way (using the GUI control centre):

menu
control centre
preferred applications
web-browser --> /usr/share/application/chromium.desktop

chromium does not allow syncing to a google account any more, despite appearing to let you sign in to Google to initiate the sync.

I'll stick with chromium for this Live-USB version.

Email? : not sure I need to go this far, unless it turns out to be much more user friendly than the Windows10 OS from the HDD.

Mouse Touchpad

I hate “tap-click” on touchpads….

add :

# disable touchpad tapping for button1 
synclient tapbutton1=-1 &

to ~/.desktop-session/startup

Update

After a couple of hours of using AntiX for Websurfing, You Tube and Dokuwiki editing I'm happy at the speedy response….

Let's see how it performs for other things ….

sudo apt-get install claws-mail

~/.bashrc

Change default prompt to a single line, rather than split across 2 lines: comment out default PS1 and copy/edit to look like :

PS1="$PURPLE\u$nc@$CYAN\H$nc:$GREEN\w$GREEN\$$nc "

if [ "$UID" = 0 ]; then
    PS1="$red\u$nc@$red\H$nc:$CYAN\w$nc\\n$red#$nc "
else
#    PS1="$PURPLE\u$nc@$CYAN\H$nc:$GREEN\w$nc\\n$GREEN\$$nc "
    PS1="$PURPLE\u$nc@$CYAN\H$nc:$GREEN\w$GREEN\$$nc "
fi

Desktop Choice

I prefer fluxbox for low-resource linux machines, and I'm using the zzz/fluxbox desktop which integrates the zzzFM file-manager. The default single-click-opens-files is annoying and I found the way to disable it is:

right-click on the ''File Manager'' desktop icon, 
select ''Desktop Settings --> General'' tab and un-tick ''single-click open files'' 
and do the same on the ''Desktop'' tab.

Page Updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

linux, antix

DBUS & Automount

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 16 Feb 2026 08:40:39 +0000

←Archive

DBUS & Automount

Running X from startx and making automount work

Background

I don't use a DESKTOP ENVIRONMENT on Linux - I boot to a console and start X11 via the startx command.

This runs commands from ~/.xinitrc

xrdb -load ~/.Xdefaults
setxkbmap -layout gb
xset s noblank
xset s noexpose
xset -dpms
 
~/bin/background.sh &
 
dwmblocks &
 
xfce4-power-manager &
 
pasystray &
 
nm-applet &
 
exec dwm

My window manager is DWM and I don't want/need all the extra stuff of a desktop environment

I would however like to be able to automount external USB drives rather than what I do currently

sudo dmesg #find drive device
sudo mount /dev/xxxx /mnt

then copy files as necessary between /mnt/xxxxx and the machine's filesystem

Afterwards….

cd
sudo sync
sudo umount /mnt

Graphical File Manager

I installed Thunar along with gvfs and all the additional stuff I thought I needed (gvfs-backends* etc).

But Thunar complained that it appears you don't have gvfs or similar…

I briefly tried installing the MATE Desktop environment - and then spent a long time forcing it to use DWM as window manager, and turning off as much as I could

uninstalled caja
uninstalled mate-panel
edited via dconf-editor to make dwm start as window manager….

Then Thunar was happy with gvfs and would automount a USB drive (or more importantly my Swiss Micros calculator's USB drive).

But I wasn't happy with this as a solution - too messy and too much crap going on - messing up the appearance of GTK-aware apps like claws-mail and GNUCASH

I wanted to get back to simply running DWM etc. without all the rest

DBUS

It appears the issue is that with my method of starting X via ~/.xinitrc I fail to correctly start DBUS. This needs to be started correctly in the setting up of an X-session

The answer isn't to add an invocation of DBUS into my ~/.xinitrc as I first thought.

The answer is to let X11 start via the SYSTEM xinitrc which only happens as long as I don't have my own ~/.xinitrc

Starting X this way which will then run various other things, including DBUS, as the XSession is spun-up via startx

Then the process is finished by running my file ~/.xsession - which is actually just my ~/.xinitrc file renamed to ~/.xsession.

I found this at https://momi.ca/posts/2021-10-11-startxdebian/ which describes my own situation perfectly, and the solution works perfectly.

I can still boot into a console session, and use startx to switch to DWM - and automount works for Thunar

Further Information

dbus, startx, thunar, automount

Updated : 16/02/26 08:40 GMT

Github Config File Repos

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

Github Config File Repos

John Pumford-Green Tue May 3 20:09:19 2022

New GitHub account https://github.com/gm4slv
Upload ssh ip_rsa.pub to Git account
create GitHub repository for each machine (more later)
Create a “backup” folder hierarchy ~/backup/config/, ~/backup/data/ and ~/backup/bin/
create Git repository in the ~/backup/data/ directory
put script in ~/backup/bin/copy_files.sh

Inspired by : https://helgeklein.com/blog/linux-config-file-version-control-backup-on-github/

#!/bin/bash
 
# Remove all previously copied files and folders (excluding metadata) in the current (backup) directory
find /home/gm4slv/backup/data -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -not -iname ".git" -not -iname ".ssh" | xargs --no-run-if-empty rm -r
 
# Copy the files and directories on the list to the current (backup) directory
# xargs does not start a shell, so we need to do it ourselves or globbing won't be available
# Enable globstar (two asterisks = recurse into subdirectories) and include files starting with a dot in filename expansion
cat /home/gm4slv/backup/config/backup_src.txt | xargs -I % bash -c "shopt -s globstar dotglob; cp --parents -R % ."

put list of files to be git-backed up in ~/backup/config/backup_src.txt

/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf
/home/gm4slv/codeplugs/
/home/gm4slv/python_lost_found/

put another script ~/git_backup.sh in home directory, to fire it all off in the correct order

#!/bin/bash
#
DATE=`date +%c`
 
cd ~/backup/data
../bin/copy_files.sh
git add --all
git commit -m "updated $DATE"
git push

Page Updated : 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

github, linux

Laptop Backup via rsync

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 15:22:08 +0000

←Archive

Laptop Backup via rsync

A simple way to keep a backup of my laptop Home directory

Backup hosts

where to put the backups for safe keeping

A NAS box on my home LAN : nas1
An old Lenovo Laptop acting as a LAN file server : laptop
My cloud VPS server : g4slv.info

Rsync Script

To automate the backup to any of the three backup hosts above I've got a script, obviously.

The script checks which hosts are currently online and reachable and backs up the same data to each of them. This check means any of the hosts can be turned off but the script won't simply hang waiting for connection timeout before trying the next hosts.

To reduce the traffic, and to limit backing up needless data (i.e. don't just backup the whole of $HOME) I have an exclude file that lists files and directories that should be ignored.

The backups are saved in a remote Directory called “devuan” - the laptop being backed up is running Devuan linux and has the hostname devuan

I also backup a mirror of the wiki to the local NAS and Laptop hosts (as long as I remember to pull a backup/mirror down from the wiki server first). There's no point in backing this up to the remote VPS - since that's the machine where the wiki lives in the first place!

Exclude

/fetch
/fetch.png
/.fehbg
.lesshst
.viminfo
*mutt*
aur/
muttheadercache
muttmessagecache/
*.img
*.iso
.cache/
.claws-mail/
.cups/
.dbus/
.fonts/
.mozilla/
.librewolf/
Kate/
.config/chromium/*
.config/pulse/*
.config/xfce4*
.config/libreoffice
.local/bin/*
.local/share/*
.zoom/*
Pictures/*
Downloads/*
Nextcloud/
yadd_full*
eSIM*
bin/dokuwiki/*

Rsync Script

#!/bin/bash
#
 
# The NAS1 destination is a share called  Backups
# which is accessed via "daemon rsync" at nas1::Backups
# rather than a directory in /home/g4slv
# this allows passwordless rsync. Necessary since the ssh
# server @ nas1 is too old to accept identity keys from
# modern ssh clients - so normal rsync-over-ssh would require
# a password.
#
# Using a "module" overcomes this, and allows for automatic
# backups.
#
 
 
EXCLUDEFROM=~/exclude
SOURCE=/home/g4slv/
 
DEST=devuan
WIKI=wiki
#CLOUD=217.154.53.244
CLOUD=g4slv.info
 
# Test if the destinations are reachable
NAS=` ping -c 1 -w 1 192.168.21.5 | grep received | awk '{print $4}'`
LAPTOP=` ping -c 1 -w 1 192.168.21.101 | grep received | awk '{print $4}'`
INFO=` ping -c 1 -w 1 $CLOUD | grep received | awk '{print $4}'`
 
if [ $NAS == 1 ]
then
	rsync -av --delete /var/www/html/ 192.168.21.5::Backups/$WIKI
	rsync -av  --exclude-from=$EXCLUDEFROM $SOURCE 192.168.21.5::Backups/$DEST
else
	echo "NAS1 not found"
fi
 
if [ $LAPTOP == 1 ]
then
	rsync -av --delete /var/www/html/ 192.168.21.101:backups/$WIKI
	rsync -av --exclude-from=$EXCLUDEFROM $SOURCE 192.168.21.101:backups/$DEST
else
	echo "Laptop not found"
fi
 
if [ $INFO == 1 ]
then
rsync -av -e 'ssh -p xxxx' --exclude-from=$EXCLUDEFROM $SOURCE $CLOUD:backups/$DEST
else
	echo "Server INFO not found"
fi

Dokuwiki Mirror/Backup

I have a script to pull a copy of the dokuwiki files from the VPS and put them in /var/www/html/* on my laptop. The laptop runs apache2 and can server the wiki itself. This mirror can be backed up through the above script to the other backup hosts nas1 and laptop

#!/bin/bash
 
rsync -av -e "ssh -p xxxx" --progress  xxxx@g4slv.info:/var/www/html/dokuwiki/ dokuwiki/
 
sudo rsync -av dokuwiki/ /var/www/html/dokuwiki/
 
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/dokuwiki

— John Pumford-Green 29/01/26 13:48 GMT

Further Information

computer, backup

SSL Install on VPS

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

SSL Install on VPS

I decided to bite the bullet and obtain an SSL certificate and install it on this VPS, and configure Apache2 to use HTTPS instead of plain HTTP.

I used Fasthost again to obtain the SSL certificate, and some of their instructions were a little dodgy regarding the steps to install it and get Apache to work with SSL. I managed in the end though.

gm4slv.org.uk now has a SSL certificate and connections to port 80 HTTP will be automatically redirected to port 443 HTTPS.

The steps with Apache (ignoring the process of obtaining the certificates):

There are 3 certificate files:

*.key is generated on the VPS itself with

openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout gm4slv.org.uk.key -out gm4slv.org.uk.csr

the signed *.crt file obtained from the signing authority via FastHost (it's the gm4slv.org.uk.csr key signed by the authority's key)
the “intermediate” file obtained from the signing authority via FastHost (this is the “chain of authority” file?)

Once the keys are to hand:

copy the 3 certificate files to a directory on the VPS. I used /usr/local/ssl/
tell Apache where to find the keys:
- add to default-ssl.conf virtual host site file
  - SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/ssl/signed.crt
  - SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/ssl/gm4slv.org.uk.key
  - SSLCertificateChainFile /usr/local/ssl/ca.pem
add ssl mod to Apache:
```
 a2enmod ssl 
```
make symbolic link in sites-enabled pointing to sites-available/default-ssl.conf
restart apache
open VPS firewall port 443 in FastHost control panel
browse to https://gm4slv.org.uk

set up redirect of plain HTTP to SSL HTTPS by adding to 000-default.conf

    ServerName gm4slv.org.uk
    ServerAlias www.gm4slv.org.uk
    Redirect permanent / https://gm4slv.org.uk/

restart apache

Job Done

ssl, apache, vps

Tmux tips and tricks

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 20:37:08 +0000

←Archive

Tmux tips and tricks

prefix key

From https://gist.github.com/JikkuJose/7509315

Change “prefix” key to the backtick ` add to ~/.tmux.conf

unbind C-b
set-option -g prefix `
bind ` send-prefix

the last line means typing two backticks in succession will pass the second one to the application - so can still enter ` into app. running in the tmux window.

terminal colours

Colours in tmux… need TERM “xterm-256color”…

add to ~/.bashrc:

export TERM=xterm-256color

also to ~/.tmux.conf

set -g default-terminal "xterm-256color"

start programs in tmux

Something like this:

start_direwolf.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
session="Igate"
 
tmux start-server
 
tmux new-session -d -s $session
 
tmux rename-window "direwolf"
 
tmux selectp -t 0
tmux send-keys "direwolf -t 1 -T "%c" -c /home/gm4slv/direwolf.conf" C-m

linux, tmux

Unison

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Archive

Unison

I used unison previously to maintain sync/backup of files between machines on my own LAN.

This has been used to keep files on a PC synchronized to the Dropbox folders on another PC, and thereby with the Dropbox cloud.

Now that I have access to a remote Debian Linux VPS machine I thought I'd revisit the use of Unison to keep folders synchronised - perhaps to keep a remote backup of certain files.

You can never have too many backups

I installed the Debian package of unison on the new VPS machine and made a matching pair of configurations - one on the VPS and one on the Shack Laptop (which already has unison installed).

The configurations:

Laptop

root = /home/gm4slv/test_dir
root = ssh://gm4slv.org.uk/test_dir
sshargs = -C

VPS

root = /home/gm4slv/test_dir
root = ssh://gm4slv.plus.com:27659/test_dir
sshargs = -C

Unison version

I put some files in one “test_dir” and ran

unison vps

from the Shack Laptop and got this:

Unison 2.51.3 (ocaml 4.11.1): Contacting server...
Fatal error: Received unexpected header from the server:
 expected "Unison 2.51 with OCaml >= 4.01.2\n" but received "Unison 2.48\n\000\000\000\000\017",
which differs at "Unison 2.4".
This can happen because you have different versions of Unison
installed on the client and server machines, or because
your connection is failing and somebody is printing an error
message, or because your remote login shell is printing
something itself before starting Unison.

Incompatible versions. Laptop is running Debian 11 “Bullseye” and the packaged version of Unison is 2.51.3, whereas the VPS machine is running Debian 10 “Buster” and that has Unison version 2.48.

I've had this happen before, Unison is very touchy about having the same version at both sides.

I removed the older 2.48 from the VPS and downloaded a matching V2.51.3(ocaml 4.11.1) from github:

https://github.com/bcpierce00/unison/releases/tag/v2.51.3

Unpacked and moved unison to /usr/local/bin on the VPS.

Success

Now I was able to sync between the machines.

Adding the SSH public keys from both machines to the '~/.ssh/authorized_keys2'' of its peer meant it all went ahead without password prompting.

Now I have two “mirrored” directories on two separate machines I can use the VPS as a low-key remote file store.

Page Updated : 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

John Pumford-Green Tue May 3 22:29:31 2022

unison, vps, linux

Dokuwiki Interwiki Links

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 15:20:41 +0000

←Dokuwiki

Dokuwiki Interwiki Links

A list of the shortcuts for interwiki linking

1. Shortcuts

the standard shortcuts

var/www/html/dokuwiki/conf/interwiki.conf

wp        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{NAME}
doku      https://www.dokuwiki.org/
rfc       https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc
man       http://man.cx/

Some of these don't actually function correctly and may be changed at some time, to more useful versions

1.1 Use

Most commonly used is the Wikipedia shortcut

[[wp>dokuwiki]]

Gives the interwiki link to Wikipedia's page about DokuWiki:

dokuwiki

and Dokuwiki itself

[[doku> | Dokuwiki's own wiki]]

Dokuwiki's own wiki

— John Pumford-Green 05/07/22 11:06

Further Information

dokuwiki

GM4SLV Allstar

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 06:39:56 +0000

←AllStar Linking

GM4SLV Allstar

June 3 2025

I'm working on this project again….

First try… GM4SLV Allstar 2025

And then more, much more… Explorations

UHF Allstar Gateway

Hardware

Platform	Rapsberry Pi
Interface	CM108 Soundcard
Radio	FT-8900
Frequency	430.050MHz
Monitor	Allmon2 Supermon
AllStar	http://stats.allstarlink.org/stats/48148

Config

Config files

Commands

* DTMF Commands

Please send * 7 3 to ensure all links are disconnected before making any new links

Command	DTMF Sequence
Disconect from Node xxxx	* 1 xxxx
Connect RX Only to xxxx	* 2 xxxx
Connect Transceive to xxxx	* 3 xxxx
Speak the Node Status	* 7 0
Disconnect ALL nodes	* 7 3
Reconnect ALL nodes	* 7 4
Send Node ID	* 8 0
Speak the Local Time	* 8 1
Parrot ON	* 9 1
Parrot OFF	* 9 2
Parrot ONCE	* 9 3

Name	* 5 Macro shortcut to…	DTMF Sequence	Node No.
Hubnet	Disconnect from Hubnet	* 5 1 1	41223
Hubnet	Connect RX Only to Hubnet	* 5 2 1	41223
Hubnet	Connect Transceive to Hubnet	* 5 3 1	41223

Courtesy Tones

Can give information about the node status.

After a local Transmission on the “input” frequency the reponse will be one of:

Morse Letter I (di-dit) = node is not connected to any other nodes
Morse Letter R (di-dah-dit) = node is connected in “Monitor/RX only” mode to one or more nodes
Morse Letter K (dah-di-dah) = node is connected in “Transceive” mode to one or more nodes

There are other tones, e.g. when a station on a linked node unkeys there's a low-pitched “bloop”

When a local RF station sends a command there's a “bip bip” (not to be confused with the Morse letter I)

Echolink

AllStar nodes can also connect to Echolink

The node is occasionally connected to Echolink as GM4SLV-L

~~(UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 14:47 ) I have disabled the Echolink connection by editing /etc/asterisk/modules.conf to change the channel driver for Echolink to noload →~~

To turn Echolink ON or OFF edit /etc/asterisk/modules.conf

OFF

noload => chan_echolink.so ;

load => chan_echolink.so ;

an Asterisk reload is necessary:

gm4slv@mb7aze:/etc/asterisk$ sudo astres.sh
Restarting Asterisk
systemctl restart asterisk.service

— John Pumford-Green 24/04/23 14:44

Further Information

radio, allstar, echolink

QRSS MEPT

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 15:39:55 +0000

←Arduino Projects

QRSS MEPT

I started work on my small QRSS MEPT idea with a simple Arduino / SI5351 / 16×2 LCD arrangement. The LCD is only there because I found this breadboard setup already with Seeeduino Nano, SI5351 and LCD in my box of “Arduino Project bits” - from a previous experiment - and I thought I'd keep it for the time being as a display to help in debugging (?). Once the MEPT is functional and ready for operation I'll remove the LCD (and its code from the sketch)

Step one

modify an old sketch & strip out un-needed code until I had a simple carrier generator
add function to vary the frequency in a stepped-ramp sequence to check operation
add functions to make dits and dahs and spaces of appropriate lengths
add function to send a callsign/message explicitly entered as a series of calls to dah(), dit() and space() and run it from loop()
add code to light an onboard LED during “key-down”
add code to show operating frequency and the letters of the callsign as they're sent on the LCD

I monitored the SI5351 output on my normal 30m grabber - there's enough radiation direct from the SI5351 board to make a trace on the waterfall.

The sketch

Click to read / hide

#include <rgb_lcd.h>
#include <si5351.h>
 
char version[] = "v0.1";
 
 
 
volatile long shift_hz = 0;
int count = 0;
int dit_time = 6000;
 
volatile long freq = 10139780;  //      
 
int digit0 = 0;
int digit1 = 0;
int digit2 = 0;
int digit3 = 0;
int digit4 = 0;   
int digit5 = 0;
int digit6 = 0;
int digit7 = 0;
 
 
 
// Instantiate the Objects
rgb_lcd lcd;
Si5351 si5351;
 
void setup()
{
 
  // Initialize the display
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
 
  lcd.cursor();
 
  // Initialize the Si5351
  si5351.init(SI5351_CRYSTAL_LOAD_8PF, 0, 0);
  si5351.set_correction(-37500, SI5351_PLL_INPUT_XO);
  si5351.set_pll(SI5351_PLL_FIXED, SI5351_PLLA);
  si5351.drive_strength(SI5351_CLK0, SI5351_DRIVE_8MA);
 
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
  // Update display and send start frequency
 
    SendFrequency();    
    digit0 = (freq%10);
    digit1 = ((freq/10)%10);
    digit2 = ((freq/100)%10);
    digit3 = ((freq/1000)%10);   
    digit4 = ((freq/10000)%10);
    digit5 = ((freq/100000)%10);
    digit6 = ((freq/1000000)%10);
    digit7 = ((freq/10000000)%10);
 
    UpdateDisplay();
 
}
 
 
void loop()
{
 
// SendRamp();
SendCall();
// SendRamp();
 
}
 
 
void SendCall() {
 
  space();
 
  dah();
  dah();
  dit();
  lcd.setCursor(5,1);
  lcd.print("G");
  space();
 
 
  dah();
  dah();
  lcd.setCursor(6,1);
  lcd.print("M");
  space();
 
 
  dit();
  dit();
  dit();
  dit();
  dah();
  lcd.setCursor(7,1);
  lcd.print("4");
  space();
 
  dit();
  dit();
  dit();
  lcd.setCursor(8,1);
  lcd.print("S");
  space();
 
  dit();
  dah();
  dit();
  dit();
  lcd.setCursor(9,1);
  lcd.print("L");
  space();
 
  dit();
  dit();
  dit();
  dah();
  lcd.setCursor(10,1);
  lcd.print("V");
  space();
 
  space();
 
 
}
 
 
void space() {
  shift_hz = 0;
  SendFrequency();
  delay(dit_time * 2);
}
 
void dah() {
  shift_hz = 4;
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  SendFrequency();
  delay(dit_time * 3);
  shift_hz = 0;
  SendFrequency();
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(dit_time);
 
}
 
void dit() {
  shift_hz = 4;
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  SendFrequency();
  delay(dit_time);
  shift_hz = 0;
  SendFrequency();
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(dit_time);
 
}
 
void SendRamp() {
 
 shift_hz = 0;
 while ( shift_hz < 6 ) {
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
 SendFrequency();
   shift_hz++;
   delay(2000);
   SendFrequency();
 }
   shift_hz = 0;
   SendFrequency(); 
   delay (dit_time * 2);
 
   digitalWrite(13, LOW);
}
 
void UpdateDisplay()
{
 
 
 
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print(digit7);
  lcd.setCursor(1,0);
  lcd.print(digit6);
  lcd.setCursor(2,0);
  lcd.print(",");
  lcd.setCursor(3,0);
  lcd.print(digit5);
  lcd.setCursor(4,0);
  lcd.print(digit4);
  lcd.setCursor(5,0);
  lcd.print(digit3);
  lcd.setCursor(6,0);
  lcd.print(".");
  lcd.setCursor(7,0);  
  lcd.print(digit2);
  lcd.setCursor(8,0);
  lcd.print(digit1);
  lcd.setCursor(9,0);
  lcd.print(digit0);
  lcd.setCursor(10,0);
  lcd.print("Hz");
 
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
 
  lcd.print("QRSS");
 
  lcd.setCursor(12,1);
  lcd.print(version);
 
}
 
void SendFrequency()
{
 
  si5351.set_freq(((freq + shift_hz) * 100ULL), SI5351_CLK0);     // VFO
 
}

Step Two

The next step will be to build a small TX PA to boost the SI5351 output up to around 1W and a LPF. I'll add a PTT line to key the PA, driven from the Arduino so that the sketch can have periods of carrier off between cycles if necessary. 1W should be enough power and should be simple enough to generate. I might have a go at a Class-E MOSFET amplifier.

Test Amp

I found a 30m PA strip from a previous project that produces about 6W from < 10mV drive, with 3 class-A bipolar driver stages feeding an IRF510 MOSFET - originally intended as a linear amplifier.

I've played with the supply volts and the MOSFET bias and can comfortably get up to 3W carrier with 8V supply. It's not terribly efficient but at QRP levels that's hardly relevant.

I've got it connected to the Ardiuno/Si5351 and it's on the air running 1W.

I'll use this amp as a blueprint for a new PA for the MEPT, perhaps with fewer stages as I don't need so much gain or linearity.

I've seen it on grabbers around Europe

Grabber results at 1W

At 1533z I reduced power to around 200mW

Grabber Results at 200mW

Stretch Goals

Add a function to generate “Slow FSK Hell” to make waterfall-readable text - see the image of GM4GHK below
Add DFCW
Add a “normal-speed CW ident” for cases where it might make sense (?)

Further Information

Page created : 12/07/26 07:40 BST

Page updated : 01/01/70 01:00 BST

radio, qrss, arduino, mept

SVXLink : Install from source

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 19:55:20 +0000

←SVXLink

SVXLink : Install from source

70cm Simplex Gateway MB7AZE

SVXLink installed on Raspberry Pi - compiled from author's Git repository.

VOIP networking is achieved using the SVXReflector protocol connecting to a reflector server run by Chris G4NAB. This connects SVXLink systems together and provides “Talkgroups” in a similar manner to DMR. There is a web portal to observe the network in real time here:

http://svxportal-uk.ddns.net:81/index.php

install a current version of SVXLink

Get current Git version

git clone https://github.com/sm0svx/svxlink.git

Install Dependencies

A lot of dependencies are required, and not all of them are obvious from the INSTALL doc in the source, needing a few iterations of running cmake -DUSE_QT=no .. and then installing whatever package is highlighted as missing. This might need repeating several times to grab everything required, and to successfully complete the cmake phase.

Eventually everything is installed allowing the SVXlink package to be configured and built.

Configure

When configuring with cmake I used a command line switch -DUSE_QT=no to avoid QT dependencies and building QTel client :

cd svxlink/src
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DUSE_QT=no ..
make
sudo make install
ldconfig

Update to latest version from GIT

cd svxlink
git pull
cd src/build
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

Running Svlink

Start SVXLINK from script in home directory

svx_ref.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
CFG=/usr/local/etc/svxlink/svxlink.conf
LOG=/home/gm4slv/svxlink.log
 
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
sudo killall svxlink
 
sudo svxlink --daemon --logfile=$LOG --config=$CFG
exit 0

Probably need up to date sound files, with the additional items needed for reflector use:

https://github.com/sm0svx/svxlink-sounds-en_US-heather/releases

Configuration file

svxlink.conf

Crontab

to start at reboot

@reboot sleep 30 && sudo -u gm4slv /home/gm4slv/svx_ref.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

John Pumford-Green Tue May 3 20:56:09 2022#

Page Updated : 04/06/26 20:55 BST

svxlink, mb7aze, radio

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 20:20:12 +0000

←3rd Party Firmware

LF15C - firmware for the DM15

A 3rd Party Firmware for the DM15 family of calculators

Overview of LF15C

Full development history in HP Forum thread New firmware for the Swissmicros DM15L

LF15C is written by HP Museum Forum member jebedeo
It is a replacement firmware for the Swiss Micros DM15C & DM15L calculators.
- also runs on the original DM15 credit card version no longer in production
It is not an emulation or an exact simulation of the HP15C
It runs directly on the hardware without an emulation layer.
It is very much faster than the stock firmware
It has full-time complex number support
- including display of the full real & imaginary parts on the LCD together 3.345 +22.356 i
It has a 4-level stack with full-time 2-level display of X and Y
All the main HP15C functions are included with the exception of Matrix support

Installing LF15C

DM15L running V32 or earlier (Linux)

sudo lpc21isp LF15C_250408.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
Press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start new firmware

DM15L running V33 or later (Linux)

This behaviour isn't consistent!

I've seen it be possible to flash and run LF15C directly after DM15 V34 with no problems.

I've also seen the problems described below, requiring downgrade to V32.

Just bear it in mind if you have problems starting LF15C after flashing it on top of V33-onwards

The new Swiss Micros firmware V33 changes the behaviour of the bootloader, and it appears to be impossible to flash 3rd party firmware when the calculator is running V33 or later.

The firmware appears to flash correctly, but on reset it will not start

The solution is to downgrade to V32 first, and then install LF15C

sudo lpc21isp DM15_M1B_32.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start V32 firmware
sudo lpc21isp LF15C_250408.hex /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 1200
press hidden reset button
- firmware is flashed
press hidden reset button to start new LF15C firmware

For installation using Windows

The Swiss Micros Voyager Update Tool will work to install LF15C
- Do not use the new Web Update tool
The same caveats regarding installation after using the Swiss Micros V33 apply
- First downgrade to V32
- Then flash with LF15C
You need to use the hidden reset button in all cases.

Files

Download from here

Latest LF15C firmware	lf15c_250408.hex
V32 firmware	dm15_m1b_32.hex
Swiss Micros Voyager Windows Update Tool	voyage_firmware_tool.zip

Download from HP Forum & Swiss Micros

The Firmware files are available from the HP Forum Thread for this firmware - at the foot of Post #1
- the version attached to Post #1 is always the latest available.
At present (Jan '26) there is also a beta version which is being used to test various compiler optimizations, and is buggy and best avoided.

Swiss Micros
- V32 Firmware DM15_M1B_32.hex
- Voyager Update Tool Voyager Firmware Update Tool

LF15C General Info

Full time complex stack shows real & imaginary parts together as e.g. Rectangular: 3.45 +4.34 i or Polar: 5.5442 ∠51.5177
maximum number range approx. ±1.797 x 10³⁰⁸
- largest integer factorial 170fx! = 7.2574 E306
smallest positive number approx. 1.00 10^-323 before 0 is returned
Precision 15 decimal places

π displays as 3.14159265358979
e displays as 2.71828182845905

Fingerprinting - see Fingerprinting

9SINCOSTANATANACOSASIN9-

-1.6584 x10 ^-10

User Programs can be saved/loaded via USB Serial port using a terminal emulator such as Putty

LF15C uses binary floating point representation, rather than the more common BCD.
- This improves the speed but introduces occasional small rounding errors

Example (Click to view)

HP15C functions

Fix / Sci / Eng display formats
√x / x²
e^x / Ln
10^x / Log
y^x / %
1/x / Δ%
Sin / ASin
Cos / ACos
Tan / ATan
Hyperbolics of Sin/Cos/Tan
CHS / ABS
EEX / π
Deg / Rad / Grad Angle Mode
→H.ms / →H Conversions
→Rad / →Deg Conversions
X!
- integer, non-integer, negative and complex support
Statistics
- Σ+ two variable accumulation
- mean
- standard deviation
- Linear Regression
  - slope / intercept
  - ŷ estimation / r correlation coefficient
Combinations / Permutations
Usual 4 level stack manipulations
- Last x
- Roll Down ↓
- Roll Up ↑
- Swap x ↔ y
- Swap x ↔ any Storage Register
100 storage registers (numbered 00-99)
- capable of saving Complex Numbers
Indirect Register pair I / (i)
Indirect Program Label / Line number addressing via Register I
Random Number Generator
Rounding
Fractional / Integer
Usual Keystroke Programming features
- SST/BST
- LBL
  - LBL A - E
  - LBL 00 - 99
- DSE / ISG
  - including usual loop control indexing
- Logical tests
- Branching
  - GTO
  - GSB
  - RTN
- PSE
- R/S
SF / CF / FS?
- 10 user flags for program control
Solver
- can be used via a program
Numerical Integration
- variable precision via display digit format
- can be used via a program
quick clear of
- Statistical data
- Individual Program
- All stored Programs
- Storage Registers (0-99, I and (i))
Full digit mantissa preview

HP15C features not supported

Matrix functions
User Mode
Memory management
- partitioning between Storage Registers and Program Space is not required or supported

DM15L features not supported

Real Time clock
Switchable 1-line display option (V33 feature)
CPU speed switching
Display Font options
Adjustable LCD contrast
Various self-tests
Conversions & Constants (V33 feature)

Speed tests

Very much faster than stock DM15L firmware … see Benchmarking

n-Queens

Calculator	Firmware	Time
DM15L	V34	202 seconds
DM42	3.23	7.30 seconds
DM15L*	LF15C 250408	0.992 seconds

Savage

Calculator	Firmware	Time
DM15L	V34	247 seconds
DM42	3.23	14.9 seconds
DM15L*	LF15C 250408	4.008 seconds

Using LF15C

Complex Numbers

The stack is permanently in complex mode and operates slightly differently to the stock HP15C

Making & manipulating a complex number

Press f I in normal mode to create & destroy a complex number from ⇔ to y and x on the stack.

Example (click to view)

Make a pure imaginary number by using fRe<>Im

Example (Click to view)

Rectangular and Polar modes for complex numbers

f →R and g→P do NOT to convert x and y stack levels between Rect and Polar values as in the HP15C
→R and →P are Mode Switching commands for the whole complex stack.
When in Polar mode ALL Complex numbers on the stack are in Magnitude / Angle format.
- The angle format can be Deg or Rad as appropriate

Example (click to view)

Arithmetic can be done in Rectangular or Polar mode.

Mode can be switched at any time - perhaps switching to Rectangular to enter a Rectangular format number, when working in Polar, and then switching back to Polar once it's been entered on the stack..
Intermediate calculations can be done whatever mode is current.
- this is unlike the HP15C, where complex arithmetic has to be done in Rectangular format - and Polar format numbers must be converted → R first.
To confirm the mode in use an annunciator P is always present when in Polar.
- No P means Rectangular mode is active.

Example (click to view)

Other features

Indirect addressing

Similar features to the standard HP15C, with differences due to increased Program Label numbers

Indirect Register pair I & (i)

Indirect Register pair I and (i) work in the usual way

Example (click to view)

Indirect Program Label addressing

As in the HP15C you can also indirectly address Program Labels using the contents of the I register to point to the label required.

The HP15C allowed 20 numerical Program Labels 0 - .9 which meant indirect addressing for Labels A - E was done by reference to 20 - 24 in Register I

LF15C has 100 numerical Program Labels so….

Store 00 - 99 in I to address numerical Program Labels 00 - 99

Store 100 - 104 I to address Program Labels A - E

Using GTO I or GSB I in a program will lead to a jump to the Program Label referred to by contents of Register I.

Changing Register I's contents (e.g. within a program) can then cause the execution of program to branch in different ways - this can be a very powerful mechanism!

Example (click to view)

Store 100 (for LBL A) in the indirect Register I

100STOI

Use the value stored in I as a Label indirectly by calling it from within a program.

LBL A is a small program to do a simple calculation (area of circle from radius held in x)

LBL B, which has the single command GTO I

Running LBL B fB actually runs the program in LBL A : GTO I is interpreted as GTO A.

LBL A
X^2
PI
*
RTN

LBL B
GTO I
RTN

Changing the contents of Register I will change where LBL B points to.

This allows you to make decisions and branches to different code communicated via the indirect register.

Storing 101 in Reg I and then running LBL B has the effect of an endless loop….. LBL B calls itself (indirectly via I=101)

Use R/S to interrupt the endless loop!

Using GTO I in LBL B means execution passes to LBL A and does not return to LBL B on completion.

Using GSB I in LBL B instead of GTO means that after running LBL A (via indirection) execution returns to LBL B and continues….

Indirect Program Line Number Addressing

Similar to the above, if the Indirect Register I contains a NEGATIVE number then a call to GTO I or GSB I will cause a branch to the absoloute Line Number referred to in I.

Example (Click to view)

0 Empty
1 LBL A
2 GTO I
5 RTN
6 LBL 88
8 X^2
9 PI
10 *
11 RTN
12 Empty

Storing 88 in Register I would make Program A branch to the Label 88 (line 6)

Storing -9 in Register I (9 CHS STO I) would make Program A branch to PI (at line 9) and bypass the X² instruction.

Line numbering isn't straightforward, as each instruction may use one or two line numbers depending on the instruction itself, so you have to be careful about which line you need to address.

And the rest

100 Storage Registers 00 - 99 are capable of storing Complex Numbers

Factorial / Gamma x! works on integer (positive), non-integer (positive and negative) and complex numbers

Program Mode shows human-readable text rather than HP15C op-codes
- 2-line display of Program being edited

Selection of logical tests can be done in usual HP15C fashion with TEST 0 - TEST 9
- Test can also be selected from a scrolling list of options after initially pressing gTEST with the choice being made via soft-keys & LCD Prompts

To run a program with a numeric label (i.e. other than LBL A → LBL E) press f LBL ##
- e.g. f LBL 88
- this is different than on the original HP15C where to run a label you used GSB##

In program mode, f CLEAR PREFIX places the runTime opCode in the program. runTime writes to x the program execution time once it's executed.

Deleting User Programs
- Delete a single program : f CLEAR PRGM followed by a label
- Delete ALL programs : f and long press CLEAR PRGM

FIX/SCI/ENG don't round numbers unless gRND is pressed.

fENGnn sets the number of significant digits as requested, UNLIKE the original HP15C where fENGn sets the significant digits to n + 1

There are 10 user flags, from 0 to 9.
- There are no LCD annunciators to show state, but flags can be set, cleared and tested for decision making in program branching

Long press GTO in program mode to access go to label feature (single press in run mode)
Long press GSB in program mode to access go to line number feature (single press in run mode)

When running a program step by step, a long press on SST doesn’t execute the current step.

Unused Keys
- f USER, gMEM, fDIM, fMATRIX and fRESULT are not implemented and don't do anything at the moment.

LF15C Serial Port Info

Serial Port dump info : https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-20046-post-194697.html#pid194697
Serial Port settings
- Rate : 57600
- Data : 8 bit
- Stop : 1 bit
- Parity : None
- Flow Control : None

ALWAYS INCLUDE AT LEAST ONE TRAILING ZERO FROM THE STRING OF DIGITS REPRESENTING THE MEMORY DUMP

To extract a dump from calculator press and hold STO
- the string of digits can be copy/pasted into a text file for storage
- it is only necessary to keep one final zero - the rest of the zeros can be ignored
To upload a previously saved dump
- copy it to clipboard and then
- press and hold RCL until the terminal shows Paste PrgMemory:
- in Putty ShiftInsert to paste clipboard text into terminal

LF15C Firmware Files

Tabulated List of LF15C firmware versions

Date	Firmware	Version	Firmware File	Comments
12/09/24	LF15C	beta240911	lf15c_beta240911.zip	initial public beta
15/09/24	LF15C	beta240914	lf15c_beta240914.zip
17/09/24	LF15C	beta240916	lf15c_beta240916.zip
17/09/24	LF15C	beta240916_2	lf15c_beta240916_2.zip
21/09/24	LF15C	beta240920	lf15c_beta240920.zip	very fast Benchmarking, roots of -ve numbers bug
21/09/24	LF15C	beta240921	lf15c_beta240921.zip	Fix of “powers of negative numbers” bug, new 10^x bug
23/09/24	LF15C	beta240923	lf15c_beta240923.zip	10^x fix, other bug fixes
25/09/24	LF15C	beta240925	lf15c_beta240925.zip	Bug fixes More new bugs
28/09/24	LF15C	beta240928	lf15c_beta240928.zip	bug fixes
30/09/24	LF15C	beta240929	lf15c_beta240929.zip	Bug Fixes etc.
30/09/24	LF15C	beta240929_2	lf15c_beta240929_2.zip	RCL I Bug fix
01/10/24	LF15C	beta240930	lf15c_beta240930.zip	Bug Fixes
02/10/24	LF15C	debug241001	lf15c_debug_for_john241001.zip	version pre-loaded with my B.Fil prog for debug purposes
02/10/24	LF15C	beta241002	lf15c_beta241002.zip	Bug Fix my B.Fil runs correctly. No known showstoppers left?
03/10/24	LF15C	beta241003	lf15c_beta241003.zip	fPREFIX fix. Discovered inverse HYP SIN bug
06/10/24	LF15C	beta241005	lf15c_beta241005.zip	fixes ,HYP ASIN bug still present
07/10/24	LF15C	beta241006	lf15c_beta241006.zip	Bug fix and new runTime function
08/10/24	LF15C	beta241007	lf15c_beta241007.zip	Bug Fixes
10/10/24	LF15C	beta241009	lf15c_beta241009.zip	Bug Fixes
12/10/24	LF15C	beta241011	lf15c_beta241011.zip	RND bug fix
14/10/24	LF15C	beta241014	lf15c_beta241014.zip
20/10/24	LF15C	beta241020	lf15c_beta241020.zip
21/10/24	LF15C	beta241021	lf15c_beta241021.zip
22/10/24	LF15C	beta241022	lf15c_beta241022.zip
24/10/24	LF15C	beta241024	lf15c_beta241024.zip
31/10/24	LF15C	beta241031	lf15c_beta241031.zip
02/11/24	LF15C	beta241102	lf15c_beta241102.zip
10/12/24	LF15C	beta241210_2	lf15c_beta241210_2.zip	Integrate feature
17/12/24	LF15C	beta241217	lf15c_beta241217.zip	Integrate improvements
21/12/24	LF15C	beta241221	lf15c_beta241221.zip	Bug Fixes
22/12/24	LF15C	beta241222	lf15c_beta241222.zip	Sin(180)=0 Fixed
14/02/25	LF15C	beta250123	lf15c_beta250123.zip	Enter Key bug fixes
15/02/25	LF15C	beta250215	lf15c_beta250215.zip	Better integration routine and bug fixes
16/02/25	LF15C	beta250216	lf15c_beta250216.zip	Y↑X and TEST bug fixes
17/02/25	LF15C	beta250217b	lf15c_beta250217b.zip	Integration bug fix
19/02/25	LF15C	beta250218	lf15c_beta250218.zip	Integration programability
20/02/25	LF15C	beta250220	lf15c_beta250220.zip	Linear Regression bug fix
21/02/25	LF15C	beta250221	lf15c_beta250221.zip	Complex/non-integer factorial
25/02/25	LF15C	beta250225	lf15c_beta250225.zip	improved precision in x! function
26/02/25	LF15C	beta250226	lf15c_beta250226.hex	f-PREFIX bug fix
12/01/26	LF15C	250408	lf15c_250408.hex	no longer BETA. Stable version - mature??
31/03/26	LF15C	260331	lf15c_260331.hex	Differences unknown - various changes since last stable version 250408. Has Solver issues?
04/04/26	LF15C	260404	lf15c_260404.hex	Differences unknown… performs well on all tests, solver issues resolved
12/04/26	LF15C	260412	lf15c_260412.hex	SOLVE adjustments

Further Information

LF15C program dumps Program dumps for LF15C

Page created : 17/02/26 17:51 GMT

Page updated : 19/04/26 21:20 BST

calculator, dm15l, lf15c

Watchwinder

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:55:07 +0000

←Watches

Watchwinder

Home Brew Winder

I built a simple watch-winder to keep automatic watches fully wound when not being worn. Mainly as a small project to play with a pyBoard and a servo motor.

A short piece of microPython makes the servo turn, first one direction, then then other, then a pause, at a speed that makes sure a watch is fully wound overnight. The speed depends on the required number of turns to achieve full-wind, which depends on the watch movement, and whether the movement winds in one or other, or both, rotational directions.

The watch is placed in a plastic box attached to the servo motor and the motor is simple clamped in a panavise, with the axis of the servo at about 45°

Photos

pyBoard Quick Reference

[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2025-03-09]~~add some photos~~

Python Code

microPython code for Pyboard to control continuous rotation servo.

# main.py -- put your code here!
 
 
import pyb
 
servo1 = pyb.Servo(1)
 
# LED colours
# red flash = motor stopped
# green on = manual stop for 120 seconds
# yellow on/flash = motor running
# blue flash = 5 seconds before a change of state
 
ledr = pyb.LED(1) 
ledg = pyb.LED(2)
ledy = pyb.LED(3)
ledb = pyb.LED(4) 
 
# servo speeds to achieve approx 6 rpm in either direction.
ccw = 14
cw = -7
stop = 0
 
 
# 12 minute cycle :
# observed turns complete per stage:
# 2 min CW = ~11 turns
# 4 min stop
# 2 min CCW = ~ 12 turns
# 4 min stop
# 23 turns / 12 min = 115 turns / hour
# ETA 2836-2 requires 650 turns / day for full winding 
# this would take 5.6 hours on winder per day to guarantee full wind.
 
period = 120 # seconds
 
# turn LEDs off (unneccesary?)
ledr.off()
ledg.off() 
ledy.off()
ledb.off()
 
# interrupt function to allow changing/removing watch
def stop_servo():
 
	# red LED on at start of interruption
	ledr.on()
	ledy.off()
 
	# turn off any flashing LEDs during interruption
	tim4.callback(None)
 
	# flash blue LED to signal stop imminent
	flash_blue()
 
	# stop servo
	servo1.speed(0)
 
	# red LED off and green LED on to indicate "safe to proceed"
	ledr.off()
	ledg.on()
 
	# pause for 2 minute
	pyb.delay(120 * 1000)
 
	# flash blue LED to signal re-start imminent
	flash_blue()
 
	# green LED off to indicate end of interruption.
	ledg.off()
 
	pyb.hard_reset()
 
	# after resumption from interrupt the next stage will usually be a 
	# "stop" period, assuming the interrupt occurred during a "run" period
	# perhaps need to look at the best way of resuming? or even quit()
	# at the end of the stop_servo() interrupt and then manually reset via the 
	# RST button?
 
	# main programme resumes where it left off....
	return
 
def cycle_led():
 
	ledb.on()
	pyb.delay(500)
	ledy.on()
	pyb.delay(500)
	ledg.on()
	pyb.delay(500)
	ledr.on()
	pyb.delay(500)
	ledb.off()
	ledy.off()
	ledg.off()
	ledr.off()
 
	return
 
def flash_blue():
 
	t = 0
	while t < 10:
 
		ledb.toggle()
		pyb.delay(500)
		t += 1
	return
 
def rotate_cw(p):
 
	# solid yellow LED when going CW
	ledy.on()
	servo1.speed(cw, 1000)
	pyb.delay(p * 1000)
	flash_blue()
	ledy.off()
 
	return
 
 
def rotate_ccw(p):
 
	# flash yellow LED when going CCW
	tim4.callback(lambda t: ledy.toggle())
	servo1.speed(ccw, 1000)
	pyb.delay(p * 1000)
	flash_blue()
	tim4.callback(None)
	ledy.off()
 
 
	return
 
 
def pause(p):
 
	# flash red LED during motor pause period
	tim4.callback(lambda t: ledr.toggle())
	servo1.speed(stop, 1000)
	pyb.delay(p * 1000)
	flash_blue()
	tim4.callback(None)
	ledr.off()
 
	return
 
 
# USR on-board switch used to pause running to allow
# watch to be removed / changed
sw = pyb.Switch()
 
# callback to run the function that pauses the operation
sw.callback(stop_servo)
 
#timer to flash LEDs
tim4 = pyb.Timer(4, freq=2)
 
cycle_led()
 
# the main loop
while True:
 
		rotate_cw(period)
 
		pause(2 * period)
 
		rotate_ccw(period)
 
		pause(2 * period)

Page Info

Page created Sun May 22 00:52:45 2022 by John Pumford-Green

Page last updated: 30/12/25 09:55 GMT

watch, python

CCIR493 Selcall

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 08 Jun 2026 17:08:18 +0000

←Radio Topics

CCIR493 Selcall

HF Selcall Experiments

Background

I became interested in HF selcall when I was looking for a way of setting up impromptu QSOs with specific stations, for doing tests etc., without the need for listening by ear for calls. Various ideas were considered for controlling an audio mute, and alerting the operator, on HF, but nothing seemed appropriate (CTCSS, DTMF etc) until I stumbled on CCIR493 HF Selcall, specifically designed to cope with conditions on the HF bands.

The protocol was familiar, as it's very similar (but slightly simpler) than GMDSS DSC. This led to more reading and research. CCIR493 is widely used in Land Mobile HF SSB in Australia and in other countries which use HF SSB as a communications method. It seems largely unused in Europe. In Australia it is used on the networks set up to assist 4WD outback travellers, with Selcall used to initiate contact with the various base stations.

Selcall's beacon and 99 beacon functions can be used to check if a particular station is reachable before attempting a voice call.

This seemed ideal…. down the rabbit hole of HF Selcall…..

Basic details

CCIR493 HF Selcall is a predecessor to GMDSS DSC used in Marine Radio.

Two Tone FSK with 170Hz shift
100baud signalling rate
Tone frequencies 1700 = 0, 1870 = 1 (tone centre = 1785)
- compare with DSC: 1615 = 1, 1785 = 0 (tone centre = 1700, inverted shift)
Symbols are 10-bit words, 7 bit + 3 parity bits
Dotting pre-amble of alternating 1010….. 2 to 20 seconds depending on expected scan-group size
Same “symbol repeat after 4” RX/DX interleaving as DSC
Same phasing sequence as DSC
No overall Error Check Sum, unlike DSC

At its simplest a selcall transmission can be either:

Directed call to a specific address
1. Selcall = send a revertive signal over the air AND alert the remote operator. The FMT symbol = 120
2. Directed-Beacon = send revertive signal over the air, but do not alert remote operator. The FMT symbol = 123
99-beacon call to a group of addresses = all stations send revertive signal over the air, but do not alert remote operator. The 99-beacon call is a special form of a directed selcall, with the FMT symbol of 120 and the final two digits of the destination address = 99. Receiving decoders understand to treat the call as a special type of beacon call despite the FMT being 120 (Selcall)

The directed-beacon to a specific address will confirm if that station is reachable, without disturbing the operator.

The 99-beacon call confirms whether any station in the group are reachable - the group is “any station with the first two digits matching”. The address used for the 99-beacon call is XX99, where XX is the leading digits of the desired group. For example, a group stations 3610, 3602, 3603, 3654 would all respond to a 99-beacon call addressed to 3699

Jenal SC2 Mic

HF Selcall is widely used in Australia, and there is a large market for add-on Selcall devices (to convert non-selcall radios) there. One manufacturer of Selcall equipment is JENAL.

At the time of my first exploration of Selcall I found that the SC2 microphone seemed like the perfect solution. The SC2 had been out of production, but Jenal had just released a new batch and I bought TWO of them, allowing me to experiment in isolation, should I fail to find any other amateur stations suitably equipped.

SC2 Handbook

One SC2 microphone can be connected to a Xiegu G90 portable HF transceiver, capable of 20W pep, and the other SC2 can be connected to a home made 60m SSB transceiver, also capable of 20W PEP, at the main station.

Scanning

The SC2 is capable of controlling the transceiver to scan, waiting for incoming selcall dotting signals, when it will pause the scan to decode any selcall message and act upon it as appropriate. Scan will resume after a certain period. The simplest scanning method is to pulse the channel up or channel down line present on most ham-grade transceivers on the mic-connector and thus the radio will step through its memory channels looking for selcall signals.

Previous Selcall Activity

In previous periods of activity with Selcall I have managed a few contacts and QSOs. Mainly with two stations who were already equipped with Barrett or Codan radios which can use CCIR493 “out of the box”.

GM4WMM - with a Barrett 950. We successfully operated on a small set of predetermined channels in the 80m, 60m, 40m bands, scanning, and selecting the optimum channel using beacon calls.
F6EMT - with a Codan . Made several contacts on 20m, some of them while mobile, initiated as random Selcall QSOs.

For 2023 I hope to find some more Selcall-equipped stations willing to try some experiments.

Selcall Activity 2023

[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2023-04-30] ~~Attach SC2 to Xiegu G90~~
[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2023-04-30]~~Set up 60m homebrew radio & amplifier & attach SC2~~
[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2023-05-05]~~Install mobile whip on van for use with G90~~
[✓ John Pumford-Green, 2023-04-30]~~Make adaptor for IC-M710 to allow easy connection of SC2 in place of usual datamode interface, for access to more bands~~
Try to make contact with like minded experimenters for on-air tests

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 30/04/23 16:57

When not otherwise engaged I'll leave my main station IC-M710 monitoring 14.343MHz or 18.163MHz with Selcall ID 3658. I may not be able to respond directly to any calls the Selcall will send revertives (at 50W) for successful selcall or beacon calls to 3658or for 99-beacon calls to 3699

For skeds please contact me by email - address at https://www.qrz.com/db/GM4SLV

I have re-enabled emails from the hf-link groups.io https://groups.io/g/hflink to see what's happening here - the only place where CCIR493 appears to be discussed/used.

Further Information

For new (2026) adventures in Selcall : CCIR493 Selcall - 2026

~~Blackcat Android app for generating various Selcalls, including Barrett/Codan~~

Code snippets

My Python2 Selcall TX encoder

selcal_functions.py (Click to view)

# CCIR 493-4 Selcal Symbol Generator / CPFSK Modulator
# Wire2waves Ltd
# March 2015
# with CW ID for use on Amateur Radio bands
 
version = "v0.2"
 
# Imports
import numpy
import pyaudio
import struct
import time
from math import *
 
# quick and dirty CW Ident
# words per minute
wpm = 20
# dot period
cwdit = 1.2 / wpm
# dash period
cwdah = cwdit * 3
 
w_amp = (2**15) - 1
 
# define the output audio stream for the main data
p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
cpfsk_stream = p.open(format=pyaudio.paInt16, channels=1, rate=9600, output=1)
 
# make a second stream for the Tune carrier & cw ident
pt = pyaudio.PyAudio()
tunestream = pt.open(format=pyaudio.paInt16, channels=1, rate=9600, output=1)
 
pc = pyaudio.PyAudio()
cwstream = pc.open(format=pyaudio.paInt16, channels=1, rate=9600, output=1)
 
# convert text to symbol value using dictionaries
fmt_symbol_dict = { "sel" : "120", "bcn" : "123" }
cat_symbol_dict = { "rtn" : "100"}
eos_symbol_dict = { "req" : "117" }
 
 
# list containing Phasing Symbols in DX/RX order. 
 
phasing_symbol = [ "125", "109", "125", "108", "125", "107", "125", "106", "125", "105", "125", "104" ]
 
# Instead of doing bit-twiddling to convert each symbol
# value to its 10-bit parity protected word, which involves padding to full 7-bits, counting zeros,
# reversing the bit order, shifting bits and "ORing" in the parity bits
# we just use a dictionary containing the conversion between symbol value and its 10-bit parity protected word
#
parity_table = { 
"00" : "0000000111", "01" : "1000000110", "02" : "0100000110", "03" : "1100000101", 
"04" : "0010000110", "05" : "1010000101", "06" : "0110000101", "07" : "1110000100",
"08" : "0001000110", "09" : "1001000101", "10" : "0101000101", "11" : "1101000100", 
"12" : "0011000101", "13" : "1011000100", "14" : "0111000100", "15" : "1111000011", 
"16" : "0000100110", "17" : "1000100101", "18" : "0100100101", "19" : "1100100100", 
"20" : "0010100101", "21" : "1010100100", "22" : "0110100100", "23" : "1110100011", 
"24" : "0001100101", "25" : "1001100100", "26" : "0101100100", "27" : "1101100011", 
"28" : "0011100100", "29" : "1011100011", "30" : "0111100011", "31" : "1111100010", 
"32" : "0000010110", "33" : "1000010101", "34" : "0100010101", "35" : "1100010100", 
"36" : "0010010101", "37" : "1010010100", "38" : "0110010100", "39" : "1110010011", 
"40" : "0001010101", "41" : "1001010100", "42" : "0101010100", "43" : "1101010011", 
"44" : "0011010100", "45" : "1011010011", "46" : "0111010011", "47" : "1111010010", 
"48" : "0000110101", "49" : "1000110100", "50" : "0100110100", "51" : "1100110011", 
"52" : "0010110100", "53" : "1010110011", "54" : "0110110011", "55" : "1110110010", 
"56" : "0001110100", "57" : "1001110011", "58" : "0101110011", "59" : "1101110010", 
"60" : "0011110011", "61" : "1011110010", "62" : "0111110010", "63" : "1111110001", 
"64" : "0000001110", "65" : "1000001101", "66" : "0100001101", "67" : "1100001100", 
"68" : "0010001101", "69" : "1010001100", "70" : "0110001100", "71" : "1110001011", 
"72" : "0001001101", "73" : "1001001100", "74" : "0101001100", "75" : "1101001011", 
"76" : "0011001100", "77" : "1011001011", "78" : "0111001011", "79" : "1111001010", 
"80" : "0000101101", "81" : "1000101100", "82" : "0100101100", "83" : "1100101011", 
"84" : "0010101100", "85" : "1010101011", "86" : "0110101011", "87" : "1110101010", 
"88" : "0001101100", "89" : "1001101011", "90" : "0101101011", "91" : "1101101010", 
"92" : "0011101011", "93" : "1011101010", "94" : "0111101010", "95" : "1111101001", 
"96" : "0000011101", "97" : "1000011100", "98" : "0100011100", "99" : "1100011011", 
"100" : "0010011100", "101" : "1010011011", "102" : "0110011011", "103" : "1110011010", 
"104" : "0001011100", "105" : "1001011011", "106" : "0101011011", "107" : "1101011010", 
"108" : "0011011011", "109" : "1011011010", "110" : "0111011010", "111" : "1111011001", 
"112" : "0000111100", "113" : "1000111011", "114" : "0100111011", "115" : "1100111010", 
"116" : "0010111011", "117" : "1010111010", "118" : "0110111010", "119" : "1110111001", 
"120" : "0001111011", "121" : "1001111010", "122" : "0101111010", "123" : "1101111001", 
"124" : "0011111010", "125" : "1011111001", "126" : "0111111001", "127" : "1111111000" 
}
 
cw_table = {
"A" : ".-",
"B" : "-...",
"C" : "-.-.",
"D" : "-..",
"E" : ".",
"F" : "..-.",
"G" : "--.",
"H" : "....",
"I" : "..",
"J" : ".---",
"K" : "-.-",
"L" : ".-..",
"M" : "--",
"N" : "-.",
"O" : "---",
"P" : ".--.",
"Q" : "--.-",
"R" : ".-.",
"S" : "...",
"T" : "-",
"U" : "..-",
"V" : "...-",
"W" : ".--",
"X" : "-..-",
"Y" : "--.-",
"Z" : "--..",
"1" : ".----",
"2" : "..---",
"3" : "...--",
"4" : "....-",
"5" : ".....",
"6" : "-....",
"7" : "--...",
"8" : "---..",
"9" : "----.",
"0" : "-----",
" " : "",
"/" : "-..-.",
"?" : "..--..",
"+" : ".-.-."
}
 
#####################
# function definitions
#
 
##############
#  Tone generators (not used for data, but for Tune and CW signals)
#
# Setting the "cspace" and "lspace" amplitudes (pwr) to non-zero
# will produce FSK-style CW, as used in Beacons etc,
 
def sine(frequency, length, rate):
    length = int(length * rate)
    factor = float(frequency) * (pi * 2) / rate
    return numpy.sin(numpy.arange(length) * factor)#
#
# Generate a carrier to allow Auto-ATU to re-tune when changing frequency
# reduced amplitude, 3 seconds 
#
def tune_carrier(pwr):
    frequency = 1785
    length = 3
    rate = 9600
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) * (w_amp * pwr)
    tunestream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())
 
def dash(pwr):
    frequency=1900
    length=cwdah 
    rate=9600
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) *  (w_amp * pwr)
    cwstream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())    
 
def dot(pwr):
    frequency=1900
    length=cwdit
    rate=9600
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) *  (w_amp * pwr)
    cwstream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())  
 
def cspace(pwr):
    frequency=1700
    length=cwdit
    rate=9600 
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) *  (w_amp * pwr)
    cwstream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())     
 
def lspace(pwr):
    frequency=1700
    length=cwdah
    rate=9600
    chunks = []
    chunks.append(sine(frequency, length, rate))
    chunk = numpy.concatenate(chunks) *  (w_amp * pwr)
    cwstream.write(chunk.astype(numpy.int16).tostring())      
#
#   
################################
 
def make_call(cw_table, call):
    callsign = ""
    for i in call:
        callsign += cw_table[i]
        callsign += "s"        
    return callsign
 
def cwid(call, pwr):
    callsign = make_call(cw_table, call)
    for i in callsign:
        if i == "-":
            dash(pwr)
            cspace(pwr)
        elif i == ".":
            dot(pwr)
            cspace(pwr)
        elif i == "s":
            lspace(pwr)
 
###########
 
 
# split a 4 digit Selcal into two 2-digit symbols
# resulting symbols are returned as a list
def sel_id_symbol(sel_id):
    sel_id_list = [(sel_id[i:i+2]) for i in range(0, len(sel_id), 2)]    
    return sel_id_list
 
 
# build the basic Call:
# Selcal messages are of the form:  "fmt to_id cat self_id eos eos eos"
 
def build_call(f_s, a_s, c_s, s_s, eos_s):
 
    sel_call = []
 
    sel_call.append(f_s)
 
    for i in a_s:
        sel_call.append(i)
 
    sel_call.append(c_s)
 
    for i in s_s:
        sel_call.append(i)
 
    sel_call.append(eos_s)
 
    sel_call.append(eos_s)
    sel_call.append(eos_s)
 
    return sel_call
 
 
 
# interleave the symbols into DX and RX sequence 
# at the same time convert between symbol value and
# 10-bit parity word by looking in the parity_table dictionary.
 
def interleave(parity_table, phasing, sel_list):
 
    symbol_count = len(sel_list)
 
    sel_dxrx = []
    # interleave the phasing sequence
    for p in range(0,12):
        sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[phasing[p]]) #dxrx
 
    # add dx and rx copies of the format symbol
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[0]]) #dx
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[0]]) #rx
 
    # add the DX copy of the the to_ID
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[1]]) #dx
 
    # add another RX copy of the format symbol
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[0]]) #rx
 
    # add the DX copy of the category symbol
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[2]]) #dx
 
    # loop through the remaining symbols to add the RX and DX versions 
    for i in range(0,symbol_count-3):
        sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[i]]) #rx
        sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[i+3]]) #dx
 
    # add a final DX and RX copy of the EOS symbol
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[-1]])
    sel_dxrx.append(parity_table[sel_list[-1]])    
 
    # sel_dxrx is a list of 10-bit words, as ones and noughts, for the complete message
    return sel_dxrx
 
 
# Make a 600-bit dotting period of alternating 1/0 in a string
 
# Selcal dotting periods often 6 seconds (and up to 20 seconds in some
# instances) to allow for capturing scanning radios. 
# We send 300 bits / 6 seconds for now, pending a decision to extend or reduce the dotting period.
 
# Append to the string each 10-bit interleaved word, to create a string of 
# ones and noughts.
 
# return a string of ones & noughts representing the complete message
 
def make_bitstream(sel_dxrx):
    sel_bitstream= "10"  * 300 # dotting
    for i in sel_dxrx:
        sel_bitstream += i
    return sel_bitstream
 
 
 
# DSC and Selcall use tone spacing and baud rate that prevents the use of 
# "Sunde's FSK" method to create glitch-less bit transitions.
#
# To minimize bandwidth it's necessary to use "Continuous Phase FSK" which
# has a smooth transition of the waveform at the bit boundary. The method used is time-consuming
# as we have to create each audio sample based on the phase-advance of each bit-period and 
# store them in a buffer before sending them out to the soundcard via PyAudio.
# 
# This function is courtesy of Bill Lionheart : billlionheart@gmail.com
#
# Make the CPFSK-modulated sample values, pack them into a list, and convert to a string 
# to feed PyAudio  
#
 
def modulate(fmsg, fcarrier, f0, f1, fsample, baud, amp):
 
    if amp > 1.0:
       amp = 1.0
 
    sel_amp =  (w_amp * amp)
 
    mlen = len(fmsg)
 
    mtime = mlen/baud  
 
    nsamp = int(round(fsample*mtime))
 
    deltaT = 1.0/fsample
 
    ph=0
 
    y = [0] * nsamp
 
    for i in range(nsamp): # i = sample number
 
        thisbit = int(floor((i/float(nsamp))* mlen)) 
 
        # "thisbit" is the index number of the data-bit being modulated,
        # the same data-bit is used for "the number of samples which occupy 1 bit period"
 
        if fmsg[thisbit]:
            f = f1 
        else:
            f = f0 
 
        # if this bit is a 1 then f = mark-freq, else f = space-freq
 
        ph +=  2*pi*(fcarrier + f)*deltaT
 
        # phase advances during sample period according the actual mark or space freq
        # when the bit changes between 1 and 0, the phase advance in deltaT is small, and
        # continuity in phase is achieved. The signal then starts to advance
        # in phase according to the new frequency appropriate the the bit (one or nought)
        #being sent.
 
        # reset phase to zero every 360 degrees
        if ph> 2*pi: 
            ph = ph - 2*pi
 
        y[i]=sel_amp*(sin(ph)) # y is an 8-bit value
        # y[i] is the current sample's amplitude - the "sin of current accumulated phase"
 
    wave_list = []
    for v in y:
        vp = struct.pack('h',v)
        wave_list.append(vp)
    wavestring = ''.join(wave_list)
 
    return wavestring
 
 
# Take the message to be sent and
# 1) interleave
# 2) make bitstream as a string
# 3) convert to list, for the CPFSK modulator function, 
# 4) calculate the sample values using the "modulate()" function
# 5) write the string of sample values to pyaudio
 
 
def transmit_sel(sel_call, pwr):
    #
    # 1) interleave the message and phasing DX and RX symbols together, and also convert to 10-bit parity words
    sel_dxrx = interleave(parity_table, phasing_symbol, sel_call) 
 
    # 2) create a string with the ones and noughts representing the full message
    sel_bitstream = make_bitstream(sel_dxrx)
 
    # 3) convert the string into a list, to feed the CPFSK modulator
    bitstream_list = [int(sel_bitstream[i:i+1]) for i in range(0, len(sel_bitstream), 1)]
 
    # 4) get a list of sample values from the CPFSK modulator
    #
    # arguments for modulate() : (source of message_bits(a list), f-centre, space_dev, mark_dev, sample_rate, baud_rate, amplitude)
    # returns a string of 8-bit signed values to feed PyAudio
 
    wave = modulate(bitstream_list, 1785, -85, +85, 9600, 100.0, pwr)
 
    # 5) make some noise...
 
    cpfsk_stream.write(wave)
 
    return

selcal_gui.py (Click to view )

# Wire2waves Ltd
# CCIR 493-4 Selcal Generator & Modulator
# Generic, non-TX GUI
 
 
from Tkinter import *
from selcal_functions import *
import threading
import Queue
import time
 
version = "v0.2"
 
 
class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        """ Initialize frame"""
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.grid()
        self.create_widgets()
 
        # we manage the three sound-producing functions in Threads, run at startup but only produce
        # output when their Queues are set to "1"
        self.selqueue = Queue.Queue()
        self.tunequeue = Queue.Queue()
        self.cwqueue = Queue.Queue()
        self.tunequeue.put(0)
        self.selqueue.put(0)
        self.cwqueue.put(0)
        t1 = threading.Thread(target = self.tune)
        t1.setDaemon(True)
        t1.start()
        c1 = threading.Thread(target = self.send_cwid)
        c1.setDaemon(True)
        c1.start()
        d1 = threading.Thread(target = self.send_sel)
        d1.setDaemon(True)
        d1.start()
 
 
    def create_widgets(self):
 
        ###### 
        #
        # The Address Entry Fields
        self.to_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "To ID", fg = 'red').grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.to_sel_id_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'red')
        self.to_sel_id_e.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        self.to_sel_id_e.insert(0, "3922")
 
 
        self.from_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "Self ID", fg = 'blue').grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.from_sel_id_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'blue')
        self.from_sel_id_e.grid(row = 1, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        self.from_sel_id_e.insert(0, "3921")
 
        ###################
        #
        # The "Format" selection radio buttons
        self.fmt = StringVar()
        self.fmt_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "Format").grid(row = 5, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.sel_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Sel", variable = self.fmt, value = "sel")
        self.sel_r.grid(row = 5, column = 1, sticky = W)
        self.bcn_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Bcn", variable = self.fmt, value = "bcn")
        self.bcn_r.grid(row = 5, column = 2, sticky = W)
        #self.fmt_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'blue')
        #self.fmt_e.grid(row = 5, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        #self.fmt_e.insert(0, "120")
 
        #
        # click the "SEL" radio button
        self.sel_r.invoke()
        #
        ########
 
        ######
        #
        # The "Category" selection radio buttons
 
        self.cat = StringVar()
 
        self.cat_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "Category").grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.saf_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Routine", variable = self.cat, value = "rtn")
        self.saf_r.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
        #self.cat_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'blue')
        #self.cat_e.grid(row = 6, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        #self.cat_e.insert(0, "100")
 
 
        # For selcal we may require other categories, but at present only "Routine" is used
        #self.urg_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Urgent", variable = self.cat, value = "urg")
        #self.urg_r.grid(row = 6, column = 2, sticky = W)
        #self.dis_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "Distress", variable = self.cat, value = "dis")
        #self.dis_r.grid(row = 6, column = 3, sticky = W)
 
        # click the "Safety" radio-button
        self.saf_r.invoke()
        #
        ########
 
        ####
        #
        # The "EOS" selection radio buttons
 
        self.eosv = StringVar()
        self.eos_l = Label(self, width = 15, text = "EOS").grid(row = 9, column = 0, sticky = W)
        self.req_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "REQ", variable = self.eosv, value = "req")
        self.req_r.grid(row = 9, column = 1, sticky = W)
        #self.eos_e = Entry(self, width = 10, fg = 'blue')
        #self.eos_e.grid(row = 9, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
        #self.eos_e.insert(0, "117")
 
        # leave these in case other EOS symbols would be useful in the future 
        #self.ack_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "ACK", variable = self.eosv, value = "ack")
        #self.ack_r.grid(row = 9, column = 2, sticky = W)
 
        #self.eos_r = Radiobutton(self, text = "EOS", variable = self.eosv, value = "eos")
        #self.eos_r.grid(row = 9, column = 3, sticky = W)
 
        # click the "REQ" radio button
        self.req_r.invoke()
        #
        ###########
 
 
        ###########
        #
        # The "do something" buttons
 
        self.go_b = Button(self, text = "Send Selcal", command = self.selqueue_on)
        self.go_b.grid(row = 10, column = 0, sticky = W+E)
 
        self.tune_b = Button(self, text = "Tune", command = self.tunequeue_on)
        self.tune_b.grid(row = 13, column = 0, sticky = W+E)
 
        self.cw_call_e = Entry(self)
        self.cw_call_e.grid(row = 14, column = 1, columnspan = 2)
        #
        # The CW Text is pre-set, but can be edited as required on the GUI
        self.cw_call_e.insert(0, "   de GM4SLV   ")
 
        self.cw_b = Button(self, text = "Send CW ->", command = self.cwqueue_on)
        self.cw_b.grid(row = 14, column = 0, sticky = W+E)
 
        ######
        #
        # The display of Selcal Symbols
        #
 
        self.sel_title = Label(self, text = "Sending Selcal Symbols: " , fg = 'blue').grid(row = 16, column = 0)
 
        sel_call_f = Frame(self, relief = GROOVE, borderwidth = 2, pady = 5)
        sel_call_f.grid(row = 17, column = 0, columnspan = 5, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W+E)
 
 
        self.sel_label = StringVar()
        self.sel_l = Label(sel_call_f, textvariable = self.sel_label, fg = 'blue', height = 2, wraplength = 350, anchor = W)
        self.sel_l.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
        #
        #####
 
 
    # When a Tune is required we call tunequeue_on() which puts a "1" into the queue.
    # The queue is read by tune() which is running constantly (while True:) in a thread. 
    # If a "1" is found the tune_carrier() function is triggered
    # then tunequeue_off() will put a "0" in the queue which will inhibit any further
    # tune signals. 
 
    # Since the Tune, CWID and Selcal Transmit all run in their own threads, with their own queues
    # it's possible to do all three functions at once, and still retain an active GUI
    # this may not be "the right way" to do this, but it works...
 
    def tunequeue_on(self):
        self.tunequeue.put(1)
 
    def tunequeue_off(self):
        self.tunequeue.put(0)
 
 
    def tune(self):
 
        while True:
            t_on = self.tunequeue.get()
            if t_on == 1:   
                pwr = 0.7
                tune_carrier(pwr)
                self.tunequeue_off()
 
 
    def cwqueue_on(self):
        self.cwqueue.put(1)
    def cwqueue_off(self):
        self.cwqueue.put(0)
 
    def send_cwid(self):
        while True:
            c_on = self.cwqueue.get()
            if c_on == 1:
                pwr = 0.7
                call = self.cw_call_e.get().upper()
                cwid(call, pwr)
                self.cwqueue_off()
 
    def selqueue_on(self):
        self.selqueue.put(1)
    def selqueue_off(self):
        self.selqueue.put(0)
 
    def send_sel(self):
 
        while True:   
            go = self.selqueue.get()
            if go == 1:
                a_sel_id = self.to_sel_id_e.get()
                s_sel_id = self.from_sel_id_e.get()
                fmt = self.fmt.get()
                cat = self.cat.get()
                eos = self.eosv.get()
                pwr = 0.7
 
                # restrict to 4-digit 493-4
                if len(a_sel_id) != 4:
                    continue
                if len(s_sel_id) != 4:
                    continue
 
                # convert the format, category and eos to the appropriate symbol values
                fmt_symbol = (fmt_symbol_dict[fmt])
                #fmt_symbol = self.fmt_e.get()
 
                cat_symbol = (cat_symbol_dict[cat])
                #cat_symbol = self.cat_e.get()
 
                eos_symbol = (eos_symbol_dict[eos])
                #eos_symbol = self.eos_e.get()
 
                # convert the 4-digit selcal IDs into two 2-digit symbols
                a_symbol = sel_id_symbol(a_sel_id)
                s_symbol = sel_id_symbol(s_sel_id)
 
                # build the call by joining the symbol values into a list
                sel_call = build_call(fmt_symbol, a_symbol, cat_symbol, s_symbol, eos_symbol)
 
                #we want the basic selcal message returned to us, to display on the GUI
                self.sel_label.set(sel_call)
 
                # turn the selcal queue off to stop further transmissions
                self.selqueue_off()
 
                # then we pass the selcal list and required "power" into "transmit_sel() which does the rest...
                transmit_sel(sel_call, pwr) 
 
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
 
    root.geometry("350x350+10+10")
    root.title("GM4SLV HF CCIR 493-4 Selcal " + version)
    root.resizable(0, 0)
    app = Application(root)
 
 
    root.mainloop()

— John Pumford-Green 29/04/23 11:42

Last Modified : 08/06/26 18:08 BST

radio, selcall

DM32 Info

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 13:44:01 +0000

←Calculator Hardware

DM32 Info

The new entry-Level do-it-all machine

Release June 2023 with Beta Firmware - community providing feedback of bugs and errors to help drive firmware development

https://forum.swissmicros.com/viewforum.php?f=33

Photos

Purchase Information

Date : July 2023
From : Swiss Micros
Price : CHF249 + CHF70 DHL Delivery = CHF319 = £296
Serial : 00812

Firmware

Date	DM32 Version	DMCP Version	Firmware Files	Comments
20/07/23	2.03	3.50t25	dmcp5_flash_3.50t25_dm32-2.03.zip	Equation Solver Bug - sometimes shows LOG(0) or DIVIDE BY 0 - also Complex powers bug - Forum says “fixed in next F/W release”
01/08/23	2.04	3.50t29	dmcp5_flash_3.50t29_dm32-2.04.zip	Bugs I'd spotted in 2.03 now resolved
13/09/23	2.05	3.50t31	dmcp5_flash_3.50t31_dm32-2.05.zip	4-line prog editor, 4-line EQN list & more
09/11/23	2.06	3.50t33	dmcp5_flash_3.50t33_dm32-2.06.zip	Various fixes & new features
06/05/24	2.07	3.50t36	dmcp5_flash_3.50t36_dm32-2.07.zip	Various new features including “remote calls” to routines in non-loaded calculator “states”
06/05/24	2.08	3.50t38	dmcp5_flash_3.50t38_dm32-2.08.zip	USB Speed Up and other new features
07/05/24	2.09	3.50t38	dmcp5_flash_3.50t38_dm32-2.09.zip	Right-align stack display option
20/08/24	2.10	3.51	dmcp5_flash_3.51_dm32-2.10.zip	Official Release Version
24/01/26	2.11	3.56	dmcp5_flash_3.56_dm32-2.11.bin	Minor bug-fixes

Changes

Changelog

DM32 v2.11: 2025-12-05

Fixes

  Fixed: crash after using equation solver with Flag-11 (forum)
  Font design: visually improved a selection of glyphs in the SwissKeys font (the "bold" font).

DM32 v2.10: 2024-08-17

Fixes

  Fixed: Difference in error messages (STAT ERROR and INVALID y^x)
  Fixed: SOLVE (i) asks for solve variable

DM32 v2.09: 2024-05-06

Enhancements

  Added RANDSEED to statefile
  Statefile parsing enhancements
  Stack Right-align option (see in doc)

DM32 v2.08: 2024-03-18

Enhancements

  Added CPU frequency switching when powered from USB
  Added remote calls from CALC mode
  Added Extended GTO functionality (see in doc)
  Added support for automatic load of dependent states (see in doc)

Fixes

  Fixed: The '0' style doesn't match register font in SHOW box
  Fixed: F3 (SST) should act only if no other key processing is pending
  Fixed: F3 (SST) long press to NULL behavior
  Fixed: Remote XEQ calls to current context
  Fixed: First remote XEQ call should clear remote call stack
  Fixed: Current state filename should be pre-selected in "Save" dialog

DM32 v2.07: 2023-12-08

Enhancements

  Added remote XEQ functionality (see in manual)
  Added SHOW view of EQN message
  SHOW extended to all program lines in program mode

Fixes

  F2 key (i.e. debug view toggle) deactivated for non-CALC modes and during number entry
  Fixed USB disk id to 0483:5720 so it corresponds to USB MSC by STM
  Fixed: Program SOLVE ending in "NO ROOT FOUND" prevents subsequently keyed XEQ from running (until pressing [R/S])
  Fixed: Number entered as '1E-' ([E][+/-]) should be interpreted as '1'
  Fixed: Message triangle cut-off after File->Load Clean State
  Fixed: Left/right scrolling of long EQN message (i.e. EQN in PRGM mode with flag10 set) doesn't work

DM32 v2.06: 2023-11-01

  Added "Debug View" (see in manual)
  Added Step-out and Step-over (see in manual)
  SHOW box style changed to better match overall look
  Fixed: Sometimes SHOW displays "SHOW" instead of expected text on long key press
  Fixed: Wrong CLEAR menu in PRGM and EQN mode after elaborated key combinations
  SHOW hold isn't killed by shift presses (simplifies screenshot invocation)
  SHOW hold isn't canceled by screenshot
  Fixed: Integration ends on overflow when Flag5=0 (should give an integration result) .. this also fixed a problem with restarting integration after an overflow
  Fixed: Memory corruption in EQN list (reported by Raul). Exhibit itself during EQN edit by displaying "NO EQN" on other lines and all those equations are lost.

For the full list see https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm32/firmware/history.html

For current USER MANUAL see https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm32/doc/dm32_user_manual.html

RTC Correction

approx. error : -23ppm (-2.0s/d)
Correction factor C from C = 2^20 P /(10^6 + P)
Approximations :
- C = 1.04858 P
- P = 0.953674 C
Calculated C = 24.2

Put a text file /rtccalib.cfg in root directory of FAT drive with contents:

24.2

2023

Start	Stop	Accumulated Error (s)	Rate Error (s/d)	Comments
20/07/23	22/07/23	-3.5	-2.0	First 2 days initial test. -23ppm
22/07/23	22/11/23	+17.3	+0.1	with correction 24.2 (22.9ppm) applied = slightly over-corrected?

Update January 2026

Using my python Watchcheck

Date Start	Date Check	Delta	Latest Rate Error	Average Rate Error	Comments
27/01/26		+4.4			New Period. Correction 22.9ppm
27/01/26	14/04/26	+14.8s	+0.1	+0.1	77 days +10 seconds

DM32 Info

Firmware : https://technical.swissmicros.com/dm32/firmware/
YouTube videos by NA McBee : https://www.youtube.com/@N.A._McBee/video
Swissmicros forum : https://forum.swissmicros.com/viewforum.php?f=33&sid=2185cf0ed161a970070277183ff137c0

Hardware / Firmware issue

I received the following email from Swiss Micros in 8th March 2024 explaining a hardware change that's required to early production units to ensure correct operation with the latest firmware, which allows the processing speed to increase when powered via USB (as per the DM41X and DM42).

email re: hardware mod

Dear valued customer,

We appreciate your decision to purchase the DM32 calculator.
As one of our early adopters, your support means a lot to us.

In our initial firmware versions, we restricted the CPU speed
to 48MHz due to power limitations from the CR2032 battery.
However, in upcoming firmware updates, we're introducing the ability
to switch to 160MHz when powered by USB. It's crucial to note that
upon unplugging the USB, the CPU speed must swiftly revert to 48MHz
to prevent battery voltage drop and subsequent CPU resets.

Regrettably, we've identified an issue affecting units purchased
before December 2023. In specific scenarios, the CPU speed doesn't
transition quickly enough, potentially leading to calculator resets.

This may happen upon USB disconnection if the device is engaged in
processing tasks rather than merely awaiting user input or being powered down.

All units ordered post-November 2023 have been enhanced to ensure consistent
performance. This modification entails replacing R4 with a 22k resistor
instead of the previous 100k one.

To address this issue, we offer several solutions:

If you're comfortable soldering, replacing R4 is a straightforward fix. We're happy to dispatch a replacement
resistor to you in an envelope, see https://www.swissmicros.com/product/r4-22k-resistor

Alternatively, you can send your DM32 to us, and we'll replace the resistor and return it to you promptly,
see https://www.swissmicros.com/product/rma

We anticipate a new batch of PCBs to be available in approximately three months. Once ready, we can send you
a replacement PCB. We kindly request that you return the replaced PCB to us.

https://www.swissmicros.com/product/dm32-replacement-pcb

We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused and appreciate your
understanding and cooperation in resolving this matter.

Thank you for your continued support and patience.

Best regards

Michael Steinmann

SwissMicros

I find the DM32 plenty fast enough running on batteries, so I'm not necessarily going to be plugging it it to boost its performance but I do want to stay up to date with firmware changes and don't want to risk any problems, so I've ordered the replacement SMD resistor and plan to swap it myself.

update 24/01/26 - I think I did the swap…. after receiving the new resistor, not sure of the date…. I'm fairly sure I did, anyway!

HP-32Sii Owner's Manual

Download from https://literature.hpcalc.org/

HP-32sii Owner's Manual : https://literature.hpcalc.org/community/hp32sii-om-en.pdf

Further Information

calculator, dm32

DM16L Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 27 Jan 2026 15:34:14 +0000

←Programs

DM16L Progs

Some Programming aids…

65C22 Timer values

To calculate T1CH & T1CL values for an audio frequency tone generator (akin to the DM41X Ladybug version DM41X Progs)

Counter calculation

The required count is calculated from Φ₂ and the audio frequency required.

Count (decimal)

{ Φ₂ / ( 2 x F ) } - 2

for 1000Hz and a 1MHz Φ₂ :

Count = { 1,000,000 / ( 2 X 1000 ) } - 2 = 498

498d → $01F2

Start in DEC mode (and UNSIGNED integers)

put required audio tone frequency in X

GSBA

Result is shown in hex

e.g.

DEC 1000 GSBA Result 001F2 H

$01F2

T1CH = $01
T1CL = $F2

The Program Listing

43,22,A   | g LBL A
44 0      | STO 0
2         | 20
0
42 44     | f WSIZE (i.e. WSIZE = 20)
1         | 1000000
0
0
0
0
0
0
45 0      | RCL 0
2         | 2
20        | x
10        | /
2         | 2
30        | -
23        | HEX
43 21     | g RTN

Version 2

To calculate VIA T1 values with different CPU Φ₂ clock frequencies.

Switch to DEC mode. Set word size to 24.

Put required CPU Φ₂ in Y and required audio freq. in X

GSBB

Answer is in HEX.

e.g 1MHz CPU Φ₂ and 1000Hz Audio

1000000 Enter 1000 GSBB

0001F2 H

Timer values T1CL → $F2 and T1CH → $01

or for 4MHz and 100Hz (e.g. for a 10ms TICK)

4000000 Enter 100 GSBB

4E1E H

Timer values T1CL → $1E and T1CH → $4E

Routine B

— John Pumford-Green 07/08/22 07:14

Further Information

calculator, dm16l

DM41L Progs

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 23 Jan 2026 14:50:00 +0000

←Programs

DM41L Progs

Memo 03319.pdf
- from HP Documents archive.

Memory Dump

15^th Feb 2025

DM41
00  91000000000000  09000000000000  02000000000000  02000000000000
04  02016000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
08  2b000000000000  c0020020020000  0000000000c000  00000000000000
0c  000000000041a7  1d9001691ce1a7  0000002c028000  00000020004000
40  000020022ef0bf  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
94  00000000000000  ffffffffffffff  00000000000000  00000000000000
ac  00000000000000  00000000000000  323530313233ff  354c2042455441
b0  33373210444d31  52434320343738  31342e30300b4d  0b434153482024
b4  30b4001000201e  4d454d4f202020  9c000000c8072d  10428085c80609
b8  9c214a6d131610  5b409700b200a6  0102515250555e  83838331a69cce
bc  81121419193011  c600f400535647  10000000031008  53564720202020
1a4  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000  ca110900c80029
1a8  00cf6aa64db400  a6547ead1584b4  43a66168a66a04  0119a64cac16a6
1ac  8e9201f220249b  414d4f554e543f  2024a65d1003f7  7ea646a64231f2
1b0  1316a65c66b400  b10002a654a66a  78b2001140a66a  a64466b3058368
1b4  00a91601a65d66  3f8c8e8bad17b4  a917f54954454d  454d4fa66b9c02
1b8  454d4f1031f44d  0309c600f51a4d  425431202185c6  20114043561210
1bc  5332524c301141  c60309c600f500  11414331222185  10435730114020
1c0  00524c32533212  85c80709c600f5  458e4311101042  714132f453495a
1c4  f547524f53538e  401a1415144231  11101042111643  52458e83687169
1c8  00474153f45441  85c20409c600f4  02131016411843  18421310164085
1cc  1310157145b201  c000f400445454  00000000000000  91000000000000
1d0  01175000000001  00000000000000  01015789474002  04620836303000
1d8  00000000000000  08111332867002  03457375047005  06100000000002
1dc  01860500000005  02473956524005  02000000000000  00000000000000
200  00000000000000  000000400002ef  ffffffffffffff  00000000000000
A: c000f400445454  B: 0000002c0280fd  C: 0000002c0280fd
S: 00100100000000
M: 00011cd5ff73cb  N: 000000000c1440  G: 00

This decodes as :

; SIZE = 50
; STACK = 2 2 9 -1 2.016
; REG00 = 0 -1 11.75 0
; REG04 = 101.5789474 4.620836303 0 0
; REG08 = 0 0 0 811.1332867
; REG12 = 345737.5047 610 186050 247395.6524
; REG16 = 2 0 0 0
; REG48 = 0 0
LBL "DTT"
305
X<>Y
X>Y?
GTO 01
8
*
306
+
RTN
LBL 01
306
-
8
/
RTN
END
LBL "GAS"
"TARE"
PROMPT
ENTER
INT
X<>Y
FRC
100
*
16
/
+
.454
*
STO 01
"GROSS"
PROMPT
X<>Y
-
STO 02
"SIZE"
PROMPT
/
100
*
RTN
END
LBL "RL2S"
STO 02
20
/
10^X
STO 00
1
+
RCL 00
1
-
/
STO 01
RCL 02
RCL 01
RTN
END
LBL "S2RL"
STO 00
1
-
RCL 00
1
+
/
LOG
20
*
CHS
STO 01
RCL 00
RCL 01
RTN
END
LBL "MEMO"  ; Key: -22
0
STO 01
"MEMO"
SEEKPTA  ;XROM 25,43
FIX 02
CF 23
"ITEM?"
AON
PROMPT
AOFF
FC? 23
GTO 03
CF 22
LBL 00
POSFL  ;XROM 25,29
X<0?
APPREC  ;XROM 25,04
X<0?
GTO 02
ENTER
INT
X=Y?
GTO 01
1
+
SEEKPT  ;XROM 25,42
GTO 00
LBL 01
GETREC  ;XROM 25,20
SEEKPT  ;XROM 25,42
36
POSA  ;XROM 25,28
X<0?
GTO 03
AVIEW
AROT  ;XROM 25,06
ANUM  ;XROM 25,02
STO 01
" $"
POSFL  ;XROM 25,29
0
LBL 02
"AMOUNT?"
PROMPT
ST+ 01
" $"
ARCL 01
9
DELCHR  ;XROM 25,12
FS? 22
APPCHR  ;XROM 25,03
RCLPT  ;XROM 25,33
INT
SEEKPT  ;XROM 25,42
LBL 03
GETREC  ;XROM 25,20
AVIEW
FC? 21
STOP
GTO 03
LBL E
DELREC  ;XROM 25,13
GTO 03
END
END
; MEM = 40  000020022ef0bf  00000000000000  00000000000000  00000000000000
; MEM = 94  00000000000000  ffffffffffffff  00000000000000  00000000000000
; MEM = ac  00000000000000  00000000000000  323530313233ff  354c2042455441
; MEM = b0  33373210444d31  52434320343738  31342e30300b4d  0b434153482024
; MEM = b4  30b4001000201e  4d454d4f202020  9c000000c8072d  10428085c80609
; MEM = b8  9c214a6d131610  5b409700b200a6  0102515250555e  83838331a69cce
; MEM = bc  81121419193011  c600f400535647  10000000031008  53564720202020
; MEM = 200  00000000000000  000000400002ef  ffffffffffffff  00000000000000

using the Voyager decoder at https://dm41.swissmicros.com/

Section Two

— John Pumford-Green 15/02/25 14:19 GMT

Further Information

calculator, dm41l

Dokuwiki Mirror

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 07:17:18 +0000

←Archive

Dokuwiki Mirror

I'm running a SANDBOX installation of dokuwiki on the small headless server in have in the shack.

This is to allow me to mess around with templates and layouts and things without impacting the real wiki.

To give it some data - a full mirror of the existing real wiki - I've used rsync

cd /var/www/html/
sudo rsync -av --delete gm4slv@gm4slv.org.uk:/var/www/html/dokuwiki/ ./dokuwiki/

This copies the production wiki into the web server root on the little sandbox machine.

UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 27/04/23 05:53

Added –delete to the command, to remove pages in the Mirror copy that have been deleted from the VPS (production) server, to keep them properly in step.

I can then play around to my heart's content.

The same mechanism would work to retrieve/install the whole wiki from a backup

I've put it in a shell script:

#!/bin/bash
 
WEBDIR=/var/www/html/dokuwiki/
 
SERVERDIR=/var/www/html/dokuwiki/
 
SERVER=gm4slv.org.uk
 
 
sudo  rsync -e "ssh -l gm4slv -i /home/gm4slv/.ssh/id_rsa"  -av $SERVER:$SERVERDIR $WEBDIR

This means I can automate the mirroring with crontab of I wanted to, but it would mean the sandbox will lose any local modifications I've done. Perhaps it's best to keep the option to revert to production version as something I do from time to time, rather then automatically.

(UPDATE — John Pumford-Green 30/05/22 19:37 )

Encrypted Password Plugin…. see Sandbox Server

Page Info

— John Pumford-Green 30/05/22 13:37

Page last updated: 04/06/26 08:17 BST

dokuwiki, linux